Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Version 2.00
contents
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
Front Matter
A Gii thiu v LTEX A File ngun LTEX u tin ca chng ta A Cu trc ti liu caLTEX
Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEXDanh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc
A Ci t LTEX nh th no?
Kt Lun
c Rohit Vishal Kumar 2006 MFwL Ver 2.0 2 / 65
contents Front Matter acknowledgement Ngi dch ng k Mt s quy c Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
Front Matter
acknowledgement
contents Front Matter acknowledgement Ngi dch ng k Mt s quy c Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
Ti liu ny c bin tp rt cn thn vi nhiu gi lm vic nhng chc l khng trnh khi thiu st. V vy, rt mong nhn c s ng gp, ph bnh ca mi ngi ti liu ny ngy cng hon thin hn. Nhn y, ti xin cm n Subha Natarajan c kim chng phin bn trc y ca ti liu ny v Dan Luecking, ngi cung cp danh sch chi tit cc li trong bn in trc trn c s phin bn mi nht c hon thin. Ti cng xin cm n Kenneth Jacker, Phil M Perry v D Venu Gopal ng h v mt tinh thn v gip vic son tho phin bn trc y cng nh gi cho ti nhiu trang trnh chiu th v. Ti cng khng th khng nhc n Hendri Adriaens and Christopher Ellison, Denis Girou, Sebastian Rahtz and Timothy Van Zandt, nhng ngi gi cho ti cc gi lnh powerdot, fancyvrb rt hu ch. Cui cng, xin gi li bit n su sc n ngi v yu qu Neerajakshi v con trai Devansh ca ti, nhng ngi thn chia s v thng cm vi nhiu gi lm vic thu m ca ti.
Ngi dch
contents Front Matter acknowledgement Ngi dch ng k Mt s quy c Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
Dch bi : Tng Minh Dng, Trn Tr Dng, Nguyn Thanh Vinh Khoa Ton - Tin hc, Trng HSP Tp.HCM Ngy 26.10.2006 y l bn dch ln th nht, c th s cn thiu st.
ng k
contents Front Matter acknowledgement Ngi dch ng k Mt s quy c Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
Ti liu ny c cp php da trn phin bn 1.3c ca D n ph A A cp LTEX trong cng ng (LTEX Project Public License (LPPL)) hoc A mi phin bn mi hn t LTEX3 Project.
A Bn sao ng k c th c tm thy ti: LTEX Project.
Mt s quy c
contents Front Matter acknowledgement Ngi dch ng k Mt s quy c Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun 1 2 3
A Ti liu ny ch yu dnh cho nhng ngi mi s dng LTEX trn nn Windows. Nguyn nhn l hu ht nhng ngi s dng my tnh thng b t vo tnh th phi s dng MS Windows (v do phi dng MS Word), h phi tn nhiu thi gian chn font, mu sc v nhng th i loi nh vy hn l ch trng n vn phong ca mnh.
Sau y l cc quy c c s dng trong bi trnh chiu ny: Code: Code c hin th trong 1 khung v c nh s theo hng nh hnh bn di: Begin Code Code Line .... Code Line End Code Output: Output c hin th bn di dng: c:\output> Links: Hyperlinks c t mu xanh nh th ny
MFwL Ver 2.0 7 / 65
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT Lch s ca TEX & L EX AT X l vn bn vi L EX AT Nhng u im ca L EX AT cons of L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
TEX c pht minh bi Gio s Donald Knuth Nguyn do l ng khng hi lng vi bn in ca tc phm Magnum Opus The Art of Computer Programming V vy, ng bt u nghin cu TEX vo nm 1977 v phin bn u tin ra i nm 1982 Nhng n lc ca ng rt c ng h bi Hi Ton hc M Tuy nhin, TEX khng phi l mt phn mm thn thin lm cho ngi dng A Nm 1985, Leslie Lamport to ra LTEX l giao din mi cho TEX A LTEX c pht trin xa hn bi mt nhm cc tc gi sau: Frank Mittelbach, David Carlisle . . . v c pht hnh vi tn gi A LTEX 2 vo nm 1994
A X l vn bn vi LTEX
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT Lch s ca TEX & L EX AT X l vn bn vi L EX AT Nhng u im ca L EX AT cons of L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
son tho 1 ti liu c kch thc ln, chng ta cn tun th 4 giai on c bn sau: Vit bn phc tho Sp ch c v sa bn in th Cho ra sn phm hon chnh cui cng Nhng ngi x l vn bn bng cc phn mm c c tnh WYSIWYG thng vit phc tho, sp ch v sa bn in cng mt lc. Chng hn, khi thay i kch c font cho tiu , hoc tn thi gian chnh sa cc li ng php th ngi dng hu nh s xao lng vic chuyn ti tng ca mnh vo t ng.
A LTEX s lm gim bt ti a s xao lng ny bng cch m nhim hu ht vic sp ch v buc ngi dng phi ngh ra nhng cu trc c tnh logic ca ti liu cn son tho.
A Nhng u im ca LTEX
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT Lch s ca TEX & L EX AT X l vn bn vi L EX AT Nhng u im ca L EX AT cons of L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
A LTEX c cc u im sau y:
1. 2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A Ti liu c tnh cu trc: LTEX buc ngi dng ngh v mt cu trc ca ti liu. Do , ngi dng phi ngh ra tng chng, tng mc,. . . A nh dng nht qun: Nhng ti liu c son tho bng LTEX s c nh dng mt cch nht qun. Tt c kiu nh dng theo chng, theo mc, theo mc con s thng nht nh nhau trong ton b ti liu. A D liu u ra c tnh chuyn nghip: LTEX s xut ra cc kt qu nh nhau trn cc my tnh v cc h iu hnh. Mc nh, cc kt qu xut ra s l dng DVI (Device Independent). Cc d liu u ra cng c th dng PS (Postscript) hay PDF (Portable Document Format). Ti liu ngun c th s dng li: Nhng ti liu c son tho bng A LTEX th nhng on m ngun ca n c th c bin dch cho ra cc d liu u ra. Do cc on m ngun ny thng dng vn bn th s nn c th tng thch vi nhiu h thng. C th m rng cc tnh nng bng cch gn thm cc gi lnh thc hin cc yu cu mi. Nu cha c gi lnh p ng yu cu, ngi dng c th vit cc gi lnh ring vi ch mt t cc kin thc v lp A trnh. Do , LTEX thch hp vi cc nhu cu a dng ca nhiu ngi. A Min ph: LTEX hon ton min ph (phn phi v s dng min ph).
A cons of LTEX
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT Lch s ca TEX & L EX AT X l vn bn vi L EX AT Nhng u im ca L EX AT cons of L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
A C nhn ti, t khi khm ph ra LTEX ti dng vic s dng Word son tho vn bn tr nhng ni ngi ta vn cn yu cu. Tuy A nhin, LTEX vn c mt s khuyt im:
1. 2.
A Khng d cu hnh: Cu hnh LTEX l mt vic khng d. Nu mun thay i kiu kiu nh dng, cc khun mu,. . . ngi dng c th phi s dng mt s lnh c bn no . A i hi s kin nhn: ng vy. LTEX hi ngi dng phi bit kin nhn hc cch s dng n. Nu bn nghin phng thc nhp chut-chn-thay i ca chng trnh son tho Word, bn s gp t A nhiu kh khn khi s dng LTEX.
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta our first L EX document AT compiling the L EX AT Source file xut L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
Begin Code \documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article} \begin{document} Let $D$ be a subset of $\bf R$ and let $f \colon D \to \mathbf{R}$ be a real-valued function on $D$. The function $f$ is said to be \emph{continuous} on $D$ if, for all $\epsilon > 0$ and for all $x \in D$, there exists some $\delta > 0$ (which may depend on $x$) such that if $y \in D$ satisfies \[ |y - x| < \delta \] then \[ |f(y) - f(x)| < \epsilon. \] \end{document} End Code
Gi s bn ang trong mi trng Windows v c sn MiKTEX khi bn cn lm theo cc bc sau: nh my file ngun i dng text (vn bn th) bng cch s dng bt k mt trnh son tho no Lu v t tn file, v d, myfile.tex A Phn ui m rng ca file ngun LTEX l .tex Tip theo, chn Command Prompt v g vo cc dng sau: Begin Command c:\>latex myfile.tex c:\>yap myfile.dvi End Command
A Dng lnh u tin trn s ra lnh cho LTEX x l file ngun. Nu A khng c li, LTEX s xut ra file DVI (DeVice Independent) v file ny c th c xem bng phn mm YAP (Yet Another Previewer). i vi mi trng Linux, cc bc lm l tng t, ngoi tr c th bn s dng n XDVI xem file .dvi
File xut ca on m trn s hin th nh sau: c:\output> Let D be a subset of R and let f : D R be a real-valued function on D. The function f is said to be continuous on D if, for all > 0 and for all x D, there exists some > 0 (which may depend on x) such that if y D satisfies |y x| < |f (y) f (x)| < .
then
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT document structure phn m u documentclass: cc tham s ty chn phn m u: nhng ty chn khc phn m u: hnh thc cui cng phn thn paragraph mode nhp vo cc k t c bit Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX c Rohit Vishal Danh sch ti liu tham Kumar
2006
document structure
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT document structure phn m u documentclass: cc tham s ty chn phn m u: nhng ty chn khc phn m u: hnh thc cui cng phn thn paragraph mode nhp vo cc k t c bit Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX c Rohit Vishal Danh sch ti liu tham Kumar
Phn m u: Cha tt c cc thng tin cn nh dng, cc khai bo cho cc gi cn s dng, tiu ca ti liu, tc gi. . . Phn thn: cha ni dung cn sp ch.
2006
phn m u
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT document structure phn m u documentclass: cc tham s ty chn phn m u: nhng ty chn khc 17 18 19 20 21
Phn m u cha nhng lnh sau y: Begin Code \documentclass[cc ty chn]{kiu ti liu} \usepackage[cc ty chn]{tn gi} \title{Tn Bi bo} \author{Tn ca cc tc gi} \date{17/11/2005} End Code
\documentclass[...]{kiu ti liu} l bt buc. A LTEX c cc kiu ti liu sau: phn m u: hnh thc cui cng phn thn book: Kiu ti liu ny c dng cho vic sp ch cc cun paragraph mode sch nhp vo cc k t c bit report: Kiu ti liu ny c dng cho vic sp ch cc Mt vi mi trng bn bo co Cc mi trng phc tp article: Kiu ti liu ny c dng cho vic sp ch cc hn bi bo Mi trng Floating letter: Kiu ti liu ny c dng vit th Lm vic vi Ton slides: Kiu ti liu ny c dng to ra cc bi trnh Lm vic vi BIBTEX din c Rohit Vishal MFwL Ver 2.0 19 / 65 Danh sch ti liu tham Kumar 2006
Tham s C ch C giy
Hng giy Trang tiu nh s cng thc Canh l cng thc Kiu d liu xut Kiu in V tr m u chng Ct
Cc gi tr c th 10pt, 11pt, 12pt a4paper, a5paper, letterpaper, legalpaper executivepaper b5paper portrait, landscape titlepage, notitlepage leqno fleqn draft, final oneside, twoside openright, openany onecolumn, twocolumn
Gi tr mc nh 10pt letterpaper
2006
\usepackage[cc ty chn]{tn gi} c dng khai bo cc gi lnh iu khin cc phn khc nhau trong ti liu. Cc gi thng c phn m rng .sty Nhiu gi lnh c sn trn trang web sau CTAN (Comprehensive TEX Archive Network). Ngi dng nn c k ti liu hng dn trc khi th s dng \title{...} dng nhp tn ti liu \author{...} dng nhp tn ca cc tc gi v bn quyn ca h \\ dng xung hng Cc tc gi s c phn cch bi \and \date{...} dng nhp ngy thng. Nu khng c nh r, A LTEX s s dng thi gian hin hnh ca h thng % dng ch thch, nhng ni dung ch thch s khng hin th trong file bin dch
2006
Begin Code \documentclass[a4paper,twocolumn,draft]{article} \usepackage{graphicx} % s dng gi lnh graphicx \usepackage{setspace} % s dng gi lnh setspace .. % v cc gi lnh khc \title{This is my Thesis} % y l tiu \author{My Name \\ % y l tn tc gi My Institution \\ % y l c quan cng tc ... \\ % a ch (nu mun) \and Another Author \\ % Tn tc gi khc His Institution \\ % y l c quan cng tc ca t ... \\ % a ch tc gi } % Kt thc khi khai bo tc gi \date{14 Sept 1972} % Ni nhp ngy thng nm End Code
2006
phn thn
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT document structure phn m u documentclass: cc tham s ty chn phn m u: nhng ty chn khc phn m u: hnh thc cui cng phn thn paragraph mode nhp vo cc k t c bit Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX c Rohit Vishal Danh sch ti liu tham Kumar 35 36 37
Phn thn i km vi cc cu lnh sau: Begin Code \begin{document} % Bt u ti liu ... % Mt s ch \end{document} % Kt thc ti liu End Code
A LTEX lm vic vi phn thn theo 3 ch khc nhau:
PARAGRAPH MODE: c dng x l vn bn thng thng MATH MODE: c dng x l cc cng thc v cc phng trnh Ton hc. N c 3 ch con l Math, Displaymath v Equation LEFT-RIGHT MODE: Mt loi c bit thng c dng cho cc mc ch ring.
2006
paragraph mode
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT document structure phn m u documentclass: cc tham s ty chn phn m u: nhng ty chn khc phn m u: hnh thc cui cng phn thn paragraph mode nhp vo cc k t c bit Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX c Rohit Vishal Danh sch ti liu tham Kumar
A Trong paragraph mode, LTEX lm vic bng cch nh ngha cc mi trng. A y l mt khu vc c bit trong ti liu, s ra lnh cho LTEX gii quyt tng ch theo tng ngha ring bit Bt k mi trng no cng nm gia cu lnh \begin{mi trng} v \end{mi trng} A LTEX cung cp rt nhiu mi trng Cc mi trng c th ty chnh hoc c th c ngi dng nh ngha Chng ta s xem mt vi mi trng c sn mc sau
2006
nhp vo cc k t c bit
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT document structure phn m u documentclass: cc tham s ty chn phn m u: nhng ty chn khc phn m u: hnh thc cui cng phn thn paragraph mode nhp vo cc k t c bit Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX c Rohit Vishal Danh sch ti liu tham Kumar
Mt vi k t c bit sau y khng th c nhp mt cch trc tip vo ti liu: K t c bit # (hash) $ (dollar) % (percent) _ (underscore) { (left curly brace) } (right curly brace) ~ (tilde) ^ (caret) \ (backslash) Cch nhp \# \$ \% \_ \{ \} \~{} \^{} $\backslash$ Xut ra # $ % _ { } \
\~{A} ch A phi c t trong du {} hin th ng. $X^{A}$ ch A phi c t trong du {} hin th ng.
2006
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng canh l mi trng lit k on m minh ha cho mi trng lit k mi trng trch dn on m minh ha cho mi trng trch dn mi trng th ca (environment verse) mi trng tm tt (environment abstract) Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho
Mt vi mi trng
canh l
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng canh l mi trng lit k on m minh ha cho mi trng lit k mi trng trch dn on m minh ha cho mi trng trch dn mi trng th ca (environment verse) mi trng tm tt (environment abstract) Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
Nhng mi trng canh l rt hu dng nu chng ta mun di chuyn mt khi vn bn sang tri, sang phi hoc ra gia. Hy xem th on m v d liu xut bn di: Begin Code \begin{flushleft} Nm bn tri \end{flushleft} \begin{flushright} Nm bn phi \end{flushright} \begin{center} Nm gia \end{center} End Code c:\output> Nm bn tri Nm bn phi
MFwL Ver 2.0 27 / 65
mi trng lit k
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng canh l mi trng lit k on m minh ha cho mi trng lit k mi trng trch dn on m minh ha cho mi trng trch dn mi trng th ca (environment verse) mi trng tm tt (environment abstract) Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho
itemize mi trng to ra bullets enumerate mi trng nh s description mi trng dn nhn Cc mc ca mi trng itemize v mi trng enumerate bt u bng lnh \item Cc mc ca mi trng description bt u bng lnh \item[nhn] Cc mc c th lng vo nhau
\begin{itemize} \item This is the an itemized item \end{itemize} \begin{enumerate} \item This is an enumerated item \end{enumerate} \begin{description} \item[hello] This is a description \end{description} End Code c:\output> This is the an itemized item 1. This is an enumerated item This is a description
Begin Code
hello
mi trng trch dn
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng canh l mi trng lit k on m minh ha cho mi trng lit k mi trng trch dn on m minh ha cho mi trng trch dn mi trng th ca (environment verse) mi trng tm tt (environment abstract) Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho
quote dng cho nhng trch dn ngn quotation dng cho nhng trch dn di hn vi hng u tin tht u dng v s c 1 dng trng gia on trch dn ny vi on vn bn trc n. on vn bn trch dn s t ng canh tri v canh phi.
\begin{quote} Now go forth and conquer the World and keep on going forth and forth and forth until you reach the fjord of the forth \end{quote} \begin{quotation} Now go forth and conquer the World and keep on going forth and forth and forth until you reach the fjord of the forth \end{quotation} End Code c:\output> Now go forth and conquer the World and keep on going forth and forth and forth until you reach the fjord of the forth Now go forth and conquer the World and keep on going forth and forth and forth until you reach the fjord of
Begin Code
66 67 68 69 70 71
A LTEX cung cp mi trng verse sp ch th ca. Cc l mt bi th thng c canh tri, mi dng ca kh th c phn cch bng \\. Mi kh th c phn cch vi cc kh th khc bng mt dng trng (nhn ENTER 2 ln). Begin Code \begin{verse} Early in the morning \\ come to me \\ I will teach you \\ A, B, C ... \\ \end{verse} End Code
Mi trng abstract dng sp ch phn tm tt trong cc quyn sch, cc bn bo co, cc bi bo khoa hc. Begin Code \begin{abstract} y l tm tt \end{abstract} End Code c:\output>
Tm tt ni dung y l tm tt
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn mi trng bng biu (environment tabular) on m minh ha cho mi trng bng biu mi trng tabbing on m minh ha mi trng tabbing Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
Cc mi trng phc tp hn
A LTEX cho php ngi dng to ra cc bng biu bng cch s dng mi trng tabular. c gi nn ch nhng iu sau:
\begin{tabular}{cu trc cc ct ca bng} i hi ngi dng nh r s lng cc ct m mi trng s to ra. Vic canh l ca mi ct c xc nh bng 1 ch ci n - l (canh tri), r (canh phi) hoc c (canh gia). Mi ct c phn cch bng & v mi dng c phn cch bng \\ ng k ngang c thc thi bng lnh \hline v ng k dc c thc thi bi |. Cc ng k dc ch c th c thc thi nu ngi dng nh r s lng cc ct trong bng. Lnh \multicolumn{N}{A}{T} cho php ghp cc ct vi nhau; trong N ch s lng cc ct cn ghp, A ch vic canh l ca ct v T ch ni dung ca ct c ghp.
Begin Code \begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|} \hline City & State & Population \\ \hline New Delhi & NCR & 1,279,000 \\ \hline Kolkata & WB & 1,322,000 \\ \hline \end{tabular} End Code c:\output> City New Delhi Kolkata State NCR WB Population 1,279,000 1,322,000
mi trng tabbing
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn mi trng bng biu (environment tabular) on m minh ha cho mi trng bng biu mi trng tabbing on m minh ha mi trng tabbing Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
A LTEX cho php s dng mi trng tabbing canh l vn bn theo ct. Mi trng ny hot ng bng cch thit lp cc im tab v cho php nhy gia cc im tab . c gi nn ch nhng iu sau:
\= t 1 im tab ti v tr hin hnh \> di chuyn n im tab k tip \+ di chuyn l tri (theo dng lnh k tip) mt im tab sang bn phi \- di chuyn l tri (theo dng lnh k tip) mt im tab sang bn tri \kill thit lp cc im tab m khng to ra vn bn \pushtabs lu tt c cc im tab hin hnh v cho php thay i tm thi v tr ca cc im tab. Tt c cc im tab lu trc s phc hi sau khi g \pushtabs ln na Bn thn ti cng cha bao gi hng th vi vic s dng mi trng ny. Tuy nhin, n cng kh hu dng trong mt s trng hp no .
MFwL Ver 2.0 37 / 65
\begin{tabbing} function \= fact(n : integer) : integer;\\ \> begin \= \+ \\ \> if \= n $>$ 1 then \+ \\ fact := n * fact(n-1) \- \\ end;\\ \end{tabbing} End Code c:\output> function fact(n : integer) : integer; begin if n > 1 then fact := n * fact(n-1) end;
Begin Code
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Bn hiu th no v : floating? S linh ng? lm cho i tng linh ng hn Bng Bng (kt qu xut ra) Hnh nh Hnh nh (kt qu xut ra) Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc
Mi trng Floating
A C th bn nghe ni v n. LTEX c 2 mi trng m n c th to nn s linh ng (float) figure v table. N c bit linh ng trong vic th hin i tng bng vic hin th hp l :
Bc 1: Th t i tng linh ng ngay ti trang hin hnh. thnh cng - tip tc v sp xp ni dung trong trang . khng thnh cng - t i tng linh ng c t trong hng i FIFO v xp cc ni dung khc ti trang hin hnh Bc 2: Bt u trang mi v kim tra vic t i tng linh ng cho trang ny. thnh cng - t nhiu i tng linh ng t hng i. khng thnh cng - Xem y l trang bnh thng v th i tng linh ng u tin t hng i trn trang ny. Bt c i tng linh ng mi no cng c a vo hng i. Bc 3 Lp li Bc 1 v Bc 2 cho khi x l ht. thnh cng - t chc ngay mt tic mng :). khng thnh cng - a ra ngh v ch i ngi dng x l nhng tnh hung ny. MFwL Ver 2.0 40 / 65
Mt i tng linh ng khng th xy ra trc khi n c t vo mt v tr no trong vn bn. A Ngi dng c th yu cu LTEX th t ti v tr hin ti bng cch s dng cc tham s ch v tr : t b h p ! t u trang hin ti hoc u nhng trang tip theo t cui trang hin ti hoc cui nhng trang tip theo t ngay ti v tr ny t trang dnh ring cho cc i tng linh ng loi b cc tham s bn trong c nh hng n s sp xp
C php chng cho mi trng linh ng (floating) nh sau : Begin Code \begin{float-type}[tham s nh v tr] ... Ni dung i tng linh ng ... \caption[tiu ngn]{Tiu di} \label{myfloat} \end{float-type} End Code
Bng
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Bn hiu th no v : floating? S linh ng? lm cho i tng linh ng hn Bng Bng (kt qu xut ra) Hnh nh Hnh nh (kt qu xut ra) Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108
A Bng c xem l mt i tng linh ng trong LTEX . Mi trng table tng t vi mi trng tabular. Hy xem on code ca table Begin Code \begin{table}[tbh] \begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|} \hline Thnh ph & Bang & Dn s \\ \hline New Delhi & NCR & 1,279,000 \\ Kolkata & WB & 1,322,000 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \caption{Bng ca ti} \label{tab:1} \end{table} End Code
Kt qu xut ra ca on code trn nh sau: c:\output> Thnh ph New Delhi Kolkata Bang NCR WB Dn s 1,279,000 1,322,000
Bng 1: Bng ca ti tham chiu n bng, chng ta s dng \ref{label-tag} v tham chiu n trang cha bng chng ta s dng \pageref{label-tag}. Nu chng ta s dng on code ny: Begin Code Bng~\ref{tab:1} c t trang~\pageref{tab:1} End Code c:\output> Bng 1 c t trang 43
MFwL Ver 2.0 43 / 65
Hnh nh
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Bn hiu th no v : floating? S linh ng? lm cho i tng linh ng hn Bng Bng (kt qu xut ra) Hnh nh Hnh nh (kt qu xut ra) Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc
110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120
A Hnh nh c th c chn vo trong ti liu LTEX bng cch s dng mi trng figure Chng ta cn phi s dng gi graphics hoc graphicx A LTEX h tr nhiu dng hnh nh Post Script (PS), Encapsulated Post Script (EPS) l 2 dng c u tin. Tt c cc lnh cn thit trnh by nh sau: Begin Code \documentclass{article} \usepackage{graphicx} % BT BUC ... \begin{document} \begin{figure}[htb] % Bt u \includegraphics{figure.eps} % chn figure.eps \caption{Transistor} % Tn ca nh \label{fig:fig1} % gn nhn \end{figure} % kt thc ... \end{document} End Code
Ra
Rc
vi
vo
-12 V
Hnh 1: Transistor Bn cn hin th hnh nh cng vi vn bn : lm cho n nh li bng lnh \includegraphics[scale=.1]{transistor.eps} hoc dng lnh quay n mt gc. Vui lng xem thm hng dn graphics trc khi thc hin vic chn hnh.
R b R e R x
-12 V
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton sp ch trong ton hc mi trng eqnarray mi trng mng (array) creating math-magic Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
Lm vic vi Ton
sp ch trong ton hc
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton sp ch trong ton hc mi trng eqnarray mi trng mng (array) creating math-magic Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc
A LTEX c th c dng sp ch cc cng thc ton hc mt cch A d dng. LTEX dng mt mi trng c bit, math mode, lm vic A ny. Trong math mode LTEX s dng 3 mi trng con sau y:
1. Math Mode: Mi trng ny t gia $ v $. N cng c th c t gia \( v \) hoc gia \begin{math} v \end{math}. Cng thc ton nm trn cng mt hng ti v tr n (Xi X) 2 hin hnh v khng c nh s. V d: = i=1 N . 2. Display Math Mode: Mi trng ny c t gia \begin{displaymath} v \end{displaymath} hoc dng \[ v \]. Cng thc ton nm trn mt hng ring bit v khng c nh s. V d: =
2 n i=1 (Xi
X)
3. Equation Mode: Mi trng ny c t gia \begin{equation} v Ci t L EX nh th AT no? \end{equation}. Cng thc ton nm trn mt hng ring bit Kt Lun v c nh s. V d: c Rohit Vishal Kumar 2006 MFwL Ver 2.0 47 / 65
mi trng eqnarray
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton sp ch trong ton hc mi trng eqnarray mi trng mng (array) creating math-magic Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
Mi trng eqnarry c dng hin th mt lot cc cng thc ton hc. y l mt mi trng mng gm 3 ct vi cc hng lin tip c phn cch bi \\ v cc biu thc lin tip c phn cch bi &. Nu khng mun nh s ta dng lnh \nonumber Begin Code \begin{eqnarray} \sigma & = & \sqrt{\frac{ax^2}{N}} \\ N \sigma^2 & = & {ax^2} \end{eqnarray} End Code c:\output> N 2 = = ax2 N ax2 (2) (3)
Mi trng array tng t nh mi trng tabular. im khc bit duy nht l ch c mi trng mng l dng c trong son tho cc cng thc ton. Begin Code \begin{equation} \begin{array}{llll} X_{11} & X_{12} & \cdots & X_{1n} \\ X_{21} & X_{22} & \cdots & X_{2n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ X_{n1} & X_{n2} & \cdots & X_{nn} \\ \end{array} \end{equation} End Code c:\output> X11 X21 . . . Xn1 X12 X22 . . . Xn2 .. . X1n X2n . . . (4)
MFwL Ver 2.0 49 / 65
Xnn
creating math-magic
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton sp ch trong ton hc mi trng eqnarray mi trng mng (array) creating math-magic Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
ax b
Lnh phi dng $ x^{y} $ $ x_{i} $ $ x^{y}_{1} $ $ \frac{ax}{b} $ $ \sqrt[n]{x + y} $ $ \overline{\overline{x}^{2} + 1} $ $ \overbrace{a + \underbrace{b+c} + d} $ $ \int_{0}^{1}x dx = 0 $
a + b + c +d
1 0
xdx = 0
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Gii thiu v BIBTEX Cu trc tp tin .bib S dng BIBTEX S dng BIBTEX (code) Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
Tc gi BIBTEX l Oren Patashnik To thun li trong vic to c s d liu danh mc ti liu tham A kho trong LTEX. A c pht trin cng vi LTEX A BIBTEXc mt trong tt c cc phin bn ca LTEX A L chng trnh c lp thc hin t bn ngoi LTEX Mt tp tin d liu (.bib) cha cc h s ti liu tham kho Tp tin BIBTEX c cc trng thng tin v h s ca ti liu nh sau : Article Conference Inproceedings Misc Proceedings Book Inbook Manual Other Techreport Booklet Incollection Mastersthesis Phdthesis Unpublished
Tp tin .bib cha cc trng d liu sau : Begin Code @ARTICLE{RVK, author={Rohit Vishal Kumar}, title={{Making Friends with LaTeX}}, journal={Journal of University}, year={2005}, volume={I}, pages={1--20}, month={September}, } End Code Dng u tin thng bo vic nhn dng loi @ARTICLE{ v kho trch dn RVK. Mi loi c mt s trng ging nhau. Tu thuc vo mi loi m n c th l tu chn hoc bt buc.
S dng BIBTEX
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Gii thiu v BIBTEX Cu trc tp tin .bib S dng BIBTEX S dng BIBTEX (code) Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
Mc nh, BIBTEX dng cch trch dn thay cho vic dng s, kho trch dn trong du [ v ] tham kho BIBTEX chng ta s s dng lnh \cite{kho trch dn} Lnh \nocite{kho trch dn} trit tiu trch dn t khi n xut hin nhng bao gm c trong danh mc tham kho Lnh \bibliography{style-name} c dng trong BIBTEX nh dng li danh mc tham kho Lnh \bibilography{file-name} c dng cung cp tn tp tin c s d liu BIBTEX H tr cho kho ngy tc gi author-date cung cp bng gi khc ging nh natbib, apacite, harvard, chicago ... Tt c u phi s dng lnh \usepackage{package-name}. Mt s gii c kho author-date s dng lnh thm vo. Vui lng c hng dn ca cc gi.
Tt c nhng thit lp cn thit nh sau : Begin Code \documentclass{article} ... \begin{document} Trong bi bo \cite{RVK} % Kho tham chiu n c tm thy ... \bibliographystyle{plain} % Style mc nh ca Bib \bibliography{myref} % Tp tin myref.bib \end{document} End Code c:\output> Trong bi bo [ 1 ] n c tm thy ... Ti liu tham kho A [1] Rohit Vishal Kumar, Making Friends with LTEX , Journal of University, I:120, September, 2005
MFwL Ver 2.0 55 / 65
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Cc lnh to ch mc Cc lnh khc M rng L EX AT Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
Cc vn khc
Cc lnh to ch mc
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Cc lnh to ch mc Cc lnh khc M rng L EX AT Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
A LTEX chp nhn cu trc ti liu bng cc lnh ch mc khc nhau Cc lnh ny s dng cch nh s khc nhau trong cu trc ti liu.
\part \chapter \section \subsection \subsubsection \paragraph \subparagraph \part v \chapter khng c trong lp ti liu article \appendix l lnh thay i cch th hin n v cc mc ging nh chapter, section c nh s trong ph lc.
Cc lnh khc
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Cc lnh to ch mc Cc lnh khc M rng L EX AT Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
Khi cn dng Mc lc Danh mc bng Danh mc hnh In nghing In m Sans Serif Type writer style SMALL CAPS
Lnh s dng \tableofcontents \listoftables \listoffigures \textit{Italics} \textbf{Bold Face} \textsf{Sans Serif} \texttt{Type writer style} \textsc{Small Caps}
A M rng LTEX
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Cc lnh to ch mc Cc lnh khc M rng L EX AT Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun
A LTEX c m rng bng cch dng cc gi (package) C hn 1000 package s dng cho cc cng vic N c th c cung cp ti liu vi cc ngn ng c th. Gh thm CTAN chn dng cc gi.
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Ci t L EX ln my AT tnh Kt Lun
A Ci t LTEX nh th no?
A Ci t LTEX ln my tnh
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc
Ci t L EX nh th AT no?
Nhn vo cc tn mu xanh ti v cc chng trnh. Bn c th tm thy phin bn mi hn t cc website ny. Ti v v ci t theo th t: MikTeX, Ci t L EX ln my AT Ghostscript, Ghostview, Acrobat Reader v cui cng l TeXnicCenter. tnh Vi LINUX, teTEX c ci t bnh thng. Bn c th s dng bt k trnh Kt Lun son tho no sa tp tin .tex. ci t ln cc h iu hnh khc nh LINUX, UNIX hoc Windows, vui lng xem ti CTAN hoc nhng ngi c c Rohit Vishal Kumar kinh nghim. 2006 MFwL Ver 2.0 61 / 65
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun Thng bo li Ti liu nn c Cm n
Kt Lun
Thng bo li
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun Thng bo li Ti liu nn c Cm n
error(s) y l thng bo li mc cao. iu c ngha l c g A sai nghim trng. Nu c mt du *, th c ngha l LTEX cn mt s thng tin nhp vo. Hu ht, li pht ra l do (i) vit sai lnh (ii) thiu du ng ngoc (iii) dng khng ng cc k t c bit (iv) dng cc k t hoc k hiu phi yu cu ch ton (math mode) (v) qun khai bo cc gi (package). Hy kim tra ti liu tht cn thn. warning(s) y l li mc 2 v t kht khe hn. Bnh thng th A A LTEX s khng bin dch ng v v LTEX s yu cu b sung cc tham s bin dch li A bad box(es) y l li c mc thp. Bnh thng th LTEX khng A hin th ng bn xut ra. LTEX s xc nh li v sp ch cc on vn bn trong ti liu. V d : Hnh nh ln hn 1 trang, ngt t (Hyphenation) khng hot ng ng.
Ti liu nn c
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun Thng bo li Ti liu nn c Cm n
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
A Gentle Introduction to TEX , A manual for self study , Michael Dobb A LTEX for Word Processor Users , Guido Gonzato A A The not So Short Introduction to LTEX 2 , Or LTEX 2 in 129 minutes, Tobias Oetiker (bn dch ting Vit ca Nguyn Tn Khoa) A An Essential Guide to LTEX 2 usage, Obsolete Commands and Packages, Mark Trettin. (Translated into English by Jurgen Fenn) References for TEX and friends, Peter Karp and Michael Wiedmann The UK TEX FAQ, Your 407 questions answered, UK TUG A LTEX user guide and reference manual, Leslie Lamport, Pearson Education Asia, First Indian Reprint, 2000
Ngoi cc ti liu trn, Chng ti ngh bn nn tham gia vo cng ng ngi s dng TEX (TUG) nhanh chng gii p cc thc mc ca bn.
Cm n
contents Front Matter Gii thiu v L EX AT File ngun L EX u tin AT ca chng ta Cu trc ti liu caL EX AT Mt vi mi trng Cc mi trng phc tp hn Mi trng Floating Lm vic vi Ton Lm vic vi BIBTEX Danh sch ti liu tham kho Cc vn khc Ci t L EX nh th AT no? Kt Lun Thng bo li Ti liu nn c Cm n
I shall be happy to hear from you anything regarding MFwL Version 2. Comments, Criticism, Improvements and Suggestions, all are welcome. Please send them to rohitvishalkumar@yahoo.com.
A Cm n bn cng chng ti s dng LTEX.
THANK YOU