GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

BI TH NGHIM
XC NH P SUT D, CHN KHNG, TUYT I - TLC01
I. Nhim v:
1. Tnh ton p sut d.
2. Tnh ton p sut tuyt i.
3. Tnh ton p sut chn khng.
4. Xc nh trng lng ring ca cht lng.
II. Thit b th nghim:
Thit b o p sut thy tnh ca cht lng c s nh sau:

Thit b gm bnh A, B cha cht lng (nc). Bnh B c nh, bnh A c th nng ln
hoc h xung bng tay quay to p sut d (nng ln) hoc p sut chn khng(h
xung).
Khng kh trong bnh B thng vi khng kh trong ng s 1,3,5.
Khng kh trong ng s 2,4 thng vi kh tri p sut pa.
ng s 5 dng bit mc nc trong bnh B.
Cht lng trong ng 1-2 v 5 l nc, cht lng trong ng 3-4 l du.
III. Cc bc th nghim:
Bc 1: To p sut d.
1. H bnh A xung thp nhng trnh trn nc ra khi bnh A, m van K v i n lc
mc nc 2 u ng 1-2 v 3-4 cn bng nhau v mc cht lng c nh - lc ny
mc nc 2 bnh A, B cn bng, p sut khng kh trong bnh B lc ny l pa.
2. Kha van K, quay tay quay nng bnh A ln. Cht lng chy t bnh A qua bnh B
v lm cho khi khng kh m c p sut t pa => po>pa. Ch i n khi mc nc

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GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

trong bnh A v B cn bng nhau lc ny mc cht lng trong ng 1-2 v 3-4 thay
i do khi khng kh m trong bnh B tng ln v truyn i nguyn vn n lp
khng kh trong ng s 6, 1 v 3. Lc ny mc cht lng trong cc ng 1-2 v 3-4 ln
lt l: h1, h2, h3, h4. c cc tr s v lp bng tnh ton p sut d, du.
Bc 2: To p chn khng.
1. Gi c nh v tr bnh A sau khi c cc tr s h bc 1. M van K v i n lc
mc nc 2 u ng 1-2 v 3-4 cn bng nhau v mc cht lng c nh - lc ny
mc nc 2 bnh A, B cn bng, p sut khng kh trong bnh B lc ny l pa.
2. Kha van K, h bnh A xung thp nhng trnh trn nc ra khi bnh A. Cht lng
chy t bnh B qua bnh A v lm cho khi khng kh m c p sut t p a => po<pa.
Ch i n khi mc nc trong bnh A v B cn bng nhau lc ny mc cht lng
trong ng 1-2 v 3-4 thay i do khi khng kh m trong bnh B gim xung v
truyn i nguyn vn n lp khng kh trong ng s 6, 1 v 3. Lc ny mc cht lng
trong cc ng 1-2 v 3-4 ln lt l: h1, h2, h3, h4. c cc tr s v lp bng tnh ton
p sut chn khng, du.
Bc 3: Lp li 2 bc trn thu thp cc s th nghim tip theo.
IV.Bn s liu v cc bc tnh ton :
No
Ap sut
h1
h2
h3
h4
h12
h34
P0
du
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(mm)
(N/m)
(N/m)
1
D
2
D
3
D
4
D
5
D
1 Chnkhng

19
19,30
22,50
17
19,2
37,50

34,50
34
31,50
36
34
16

37
37,20
40,30
35
37
56,60

53,20
52,50
49,50
55
53
34

15,50
14,70
9
19
14,80
-21,50

16,20
15,30
9,20
20
16
-22,60

152,055
144,207
88,290
186,390
145,188
-210,915

9386,1
9425,3
9596,7
9319,5
9074,3
9332,5

2 Chnkhng

35,80

18

54,50

35,80

-17,80

-18,70

-174,618

9337,9

3 Chnkhng

38

15,50

57

33

-22,50

-24

-220,725

9196,9

4 Chnkhng

35,80

17,80

54,80

35,70

-19.1

-176,580

9245

5 Chnkhng

34,20

19,20

53

37,20

-15.80

-147,150

9313,3

du

-18
-15

9322.70

Trung bnh

Ni dung v trnh t cc bc tnh ton : ;

Ta c :
h12=/h1-h2/ (m)
; h34=/h3-h4/ (m)
P0=h12. nc (N/m)
; vi nc=9810 (N/m)
du= P0/h34 (N/m)
V. Kt lun:
t kt qu nhn c,ta c
=8338.5(N/m) .Ta

du tb

thy c s chnh lch kh ln

=9322.70(N/m)

duthc theo l thuyt

y =994.2(N/m) chng t th nghim cha

tht s chnh xc .s d nh vy do dng c o v thanh chia qu ln lm sai s khi th nghim.

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GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

BI TH NGHIM
XC NH TN THT V LU LNG - TLC02
I. Nhim v:
1. Tnh ton tn tht dc ng v so snh kt qu tnh ton vi s liu o lng.
2. Tnh ton tn tht cc b ( m, t thu, un cong)
3. o lu lng bng ng Pit (Pitot), Venturri v so snh vi thc o
4. o lu lng bng l, vi v so snh vi kt qu thc o.
5. Tnh ton chnh p sut trong cc mt ct ngang ca ng Venturi v so snh vi kt
qu thc o.
II. Thit b th nghim:
Thit b th nghim thy lc HM 112 (Hydrodynamics Trainer 112) cho php sinh vin th
nghim o lng dng chy v p sut, cng nh nh lng nhng c tnh tn tht v p
sut ca h thng ng. Hnh nh thit b nh sau:
ng dy ni mm ng knh ln

ng dy ni mm ng knh nh
Van iu khin lu lng vo
tuyn o lng-B phn th 11
Khay nha hng cht lng

(Ghi ch: Hnh nh trn ch l minh ha cc b phn thit b, v tr ca b phn

th 11- van iu khin lu lng vo (inflow) thc t pha bn tri, trn hnh bn
phi).

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GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

III. M t chi tit cc b phn thit b

1.Cc b phn thit b :

Van nghing iu
chnh lu lng qua
tuyn o lng s 1

Dng chy vo tuyn o lng Inflow

Dng chy ra khi tuyn o
lng - Outflow

(Hnh .2)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Hc ng thit b th nghim.
Thng ng cht lng 70l c l knh kim tra mc cht lng.
My bm chm, ct nc 6.5m, Q=100l/min.
Hp in (c cu dao bt tt in cho ton h thng my (nt mu bn phi,
n vo s tt-rt ra m mch in) v cng tc tt m bm (cng tc mu bn
tri)).
Hp chuyn i (tn hiu) vi mn hnh k thut s. p sut c n v mmbar,
lu lng c n v l/min.
ng o mc p k - b phn o p sut, Max:680mm nc.
6 ng o p k (h thng ng Venturi) - B phn o p sut.
B cm bin p sut in t (chuyn tn hiu p sut qua tn hiu s) - b phn o
p sut.
Nhit k (o nhit ca cht lng ang th nghim xc nh )
B cm bin lu lng dng chy kiu cnh qut.
Van cu dng iu khin lu lng vo (inflow) tuyn o lng.
Cc i tng o lng c th hon i-thay th (Venturi, Pitot, v.v)
Cc tuyn o lng c nh (tn tht dc ng, cc b) L=1000mm
Van x lu lng ca thng ng cht lng, dng x lu lng trong thng
khi khng th nghim mt thi gian di.

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GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

2. Cc i tng o lng (th nghim) v tuyn o lng:

Cc tuyn o lng c th hon i:(b phn th 12) s th t chnh l s ca tuyn o
lng.
1.
Tuyn o lng cho cc i tng o lng c th hon i (Interchangeable
measuarements objects) nh ng Venturi, Pitot, van (van nghing, van mng
chn, van cu v.v) v l vi, b tr v tr nh gii thiu b phn th 12 hnh
v H.2).
Cc tuyn o lng gn c nh:(b phn th 13)
2.
ng thp m lp km dy 0.5:
St.
:16mm
3.
ng ng 18x1:
Cu 18x1.
:16mm
4.
ng nha PVC
PVC 20x1.5
:17mm
5.
on ng c mt ct ngang t thu
PVC 20-16.
:17 - 14.6mm
6.
on ng c mt ct ngang t m
PVC 20-32.
:17 28.6mm
7.
Cc on ng un cong
PVC 20x1.5.
:17mm
(Trn tuyn o lng th nghim c i tng o lng)

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

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GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

III. Cc bc th nghim:
Bc1. Chn i tng o lng v lp rp tuyn o lng.
Chn i tng o lng th nghim (ng St, Cu, PVC, Venturi, Pitot v.v...). Ni cc im
ni sau van lu lng (b phn th 11) vi ca vo (inflow) ca tuyn o lng s
1,2,3,4,5,6,hoc 7 tng ng vi i tng o lng th nghim v ni ca ra (outflow) ca
tuyn o lng s 1,2,3,4,5,6,hoc 7 tng ng vi ng ng x v thng cha bng ng
dy mm (ng dy mm c ng knh ln nht). Dng 2, 3 khay nha t di cc mt ct
cn o p sut ca tuyn o lng nhm mc ch hng cht lng tha chy ra khi tho lp
cc khp ni ca dy mm.
Bc2. Ni cc im o p sut vi b phn o p sut.
Dng cc on ng y mm (ng dy c ng knh nh) ni cc im o p sut ca i
tng o lng th nghim vi thit b o p sut (thit b s 8). Cc i tng o lng th
nghim c th l 1 trong 7 i tng c nu mc II.2. Mt u ca ng dy mm ni
ti l ca mt ct cn xc nh p sut thy ng ca i tng o lng th nghim, u kia
s ni vo l ca b phn o p sut (b phn th 8 nh m t mc II.1-ty bi th
nghim). Ch ni theo tun t (t thng lu n h lu ca i tng o lng) cc l ti
cc mt ct cn o p sut vi th t cc im o ca l o p sut trn b phn o p sut.
C th nh sau:
i vi cc on o lng gn c nh:
1) Khi o tn tht dc ng qua tuyn o lng s 2, 3, hoc s 4 (St, Cu, PVC)
hoc tn tht cc b (m rng hoc thu hp t ngt) tuyn o lng s 5 hoc
s 6 th ta dng 2 n 3 on ng dy mm. Vi on ng dy mm th nht, mt
u ni vi l ca mt ct thng lu (p1) ca i tng o lng th nghim v

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GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

u kia ni ti l ca im o p sut p1 ca b cm bin p sut in t (b phn

th 8); tng t vi on ng dy mm th hai, mt u ni vi l ca mt ct h
lu (p2) ca i tng o lng th nghim v u kia ni ti l ca im o p
sut p2 ca b cm bin p sut in t (b phn th 8). Ring o tn tht t m
hoc t thu th dng dy mm th 3 ni vi mt im o p sut bt k trn h
thng o p trnh dng tia phun ra ngoi (thng l p3) .
2) Khi o tn tht cc b trn tuyn ng un cong s 7. Dng 6 on ng dy ni
mm ln lt ni cc im cn o p sut trn cc mt ct t thng lu n h
lu ca tuyn ng o lng (i tng o lng th nghim) vi p sut p1, p3, p4,
p5, p6, p7 ca b cm bin p sut in t (b phn th 8).
3) Khi o tn tht cc b trn tuyn o lng s 1 khi i tng o lng l ng
Venturi. Thao tc tng t nh bc 2.2 trn.
i vi cc on (tuyn) o lng c th hon i:
4) Sau khi lp i tng o lng (i tng th nghim) vo (ty bi th nghim m
lp i tng l Venturi, Pitot, van, vi v.v...
a. i vi ng Venturi: Xem bc 2.3 trn.
b. i vi ng Pitot, van: Xem bc 2.1 trn.
Bc3. Kim tra li cc im ni
Kim tra li cc im ni trnh tia nc phun ra ti ch h ca cc im ni lm h hng
thit b nh my tnh v.v...Kim tra theo chiu ca dng chy i t van lu lng (b phn
th 11) => ng dy mm => tuyn o lng => ng dy mm; cng nh kim tra tt c cc
im ni gia 2 u cc ng dy mm ni cc mt ct o p sut v cc thit b o p sut (b
phn th 6, 7 hoc 8).
Bc4: iu chnh cc thng s trc khi thao tc thu thp s liu th nghim.
a. Kim tra cht lng y trong thng hay cha? Nu khng lng cht lng trong thng
th phi cung cp cht lng vo (cho lt th nghim u tin).
b. Nu o p sut bng ng o mc p k (manoneters):
I. Thit b o p sut bng 2 hoaawcj ng o p (b phn th 6) th xem thm
chi tit mc V.3.
II. Thit b o p sut bng b cm bin in t (b phn th 8) th cem thm
chi tit mc VII.2.
Bc5. Vn hnh h thng o c
Tt my bm nu n ang hot ng. M van iu chnh lu lng Q (b phn th 11) v van
nghing trn tuyn o lng s 1 (nu th nghim trn tuyn o lng s 1) vi gc m nh
cht lng s lu thng trong h thng. Bt my bm trn hp in. Sau khi c bm,
cht lng vn chuyn qua thit b cm ng lu lng o lu lng thc t Qto v cht lng
vi lu lng Qto tip tc chy qua van iu chnh lu lng (van s 11) n ng dy
mm v chy vo mt trong 7 tuyn o lng m t trn. Trn mi tuyn o lng ta c
th xc nh p sut ti l ca cc mt ct ca tuyn ng o lng thng qua cc ng ni mm
c ni gia cc l ti cc mt ct v thit b o p sut nh m t hnh v H.2 b phn th
8. Sau cht lng chy qua dy mm v tr v thng cha c bm tun hon vng
bm tip theo.
Bc 6. Tin hnh o c.
Sau khi n nh mt cp lu lng no .
M phn mm hin th thng s o c trn my tnh v chn i tng o lng
tng ng. Tin hnh nhn nt Start ghi d liu vo trong my tnh

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

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GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

iu chnh van lu lng Q (b phn th 11) hoc van nghing (khi th nghim trn
tuyn o lng s 1) c cc cp lu lng t nh n ln, mi cp Qto>15l/min v
nn chnh nhau 5-10 lt/min, thi gian duy tr mi cp l 30-40 giy. Mi nhm cn
c t nht 5 cp lu lng, mi cp lu lng c s liu tnh ton.

Hnh 3. Mn hnh la chn i tng th nghim

VI. O P SUT BNG B CM BIN IN T

(Electronic pressure measurement)(b phn th 8)
1.M t v cc thng s thit b:
B phn ny c 7 van thng kh (vent valves) v 7 im ni (c nh nhn t p1, p2,
p3, p4, p5, p6, p7 ) o p sut ti cc mt
ct ca i tng o lng.
N cho php xc nh p sut d, v
chnh p sut, s liu c hin th trn
mn hnh k thut s (b phn th 5) v c
th chuyn tn hiu thng qua card chuyn
i hin s liu trn mn hnh my tnh.
S khc nhau giu p sut p1 v p2 l : (p1p2)= 0-200mbar. p sut d c th c
o khi ni vi im ni p3, p4, p5, p6 v p7 .
2. Lp rp v s l k thut b cm bin o p:

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

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GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

a. Thao tc lp i tng o lng nh bc 1,2,3 nh mc IV, v bc 4.a.

b. Thng kh
ng tt c cc van thng kh.
Ni cc im o p sut trn i tng o lng v cc im o p sut c
nh nhn p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7 tng ng bng cc dy mm.
M van lu lng vo (inflow) v van x (outflow) trc v sau i tng o
lng.
Bt cng tc my bm hot ng.
iu khin ng m t t cc van thng kh (vent valves) n khi khng cn bt
kh xut hin trn i tng o lng v ng dy ni mm.
Ch : Khng bao gi m van thng kh im ni pi (i= 1 to 7) nu im ni th
i khng c dy ni mm ni vo. Mc ch trnh cht lng phun ra t im th
i gy nguy him n cc thit b in t.
c. Thao tc trc khi th nghim o c s liu trn hp
chuyn i tn hiu vi mn hnh k thut s:
M van iu chnh lu lng inflow v outflow
trc v sau i tng o lng. Bt my bm
chy khong 20-30 giy h thng thng
sut.
ng van iu chnh lu lng chy vo
(inflow), tt my bm.
Tho ri mt u ca cc ng dy mm ra khi
b phn cm bin ti tt c cc v tr nh
nhn: p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p6, p7.
nguyn trng thi trn v xoay cc nt trn
b chit p (potentiometer for offset) ch s
p sut trn mn hnh ca b cm bin p sut
tr v trng thi bng 0. Qua thc t th
nghim, iu ny rt kh sy ra, theo kinh nghim nn vn cc nt sao cho trn cc
mn hnh p sut p1=p2=p3=p4=p5=p6=p7= const = cng nh cng tt.
Gn li cc ng dy mm v tin hnh th nghim.
d. Thao tc tip tc nh bc 5.

IV. TH NGHIM VI CC I TNG O LNG

1. Xc nh tn tht dc ng trn tuyn o lng s 2,3,4: i tng o lng: ng St,
Cu, PVC.
Mc ch: xc nh tn tht dc ng v so snh kt qu tnh ton vi s liu thc o.
Thng s vt liu:
No
Vt liu

Chiu di
(mm)

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

ng knh trong
(mm)

nhm
K= (mm)

Trang: 9

GVHD:L Hng
1
2
3

ng ng Cu
ng nha PVC
ng thp St

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B
1000
1000
1000

16
16
17

0.001
0.001
0.1

H s nht ng hc: Ngi th nghim c nhit ca cht lng th nghim

nht ng hc
nht ng hc
Nhit
Nhit
(10-6 m2/s)
(10-6 m2/s)
11
1.261
21
0.980
12
1.227
22
0.957
13
1.194
23
0.935
14
1.163
24
0.914
15
1.134
25
0.894
16
1.106
26
0.875
17
1.079
27
0.856
18
1.055
28
0.837
19
1.028
29
0.812
20
1.004
30
0.801

Ni dung v trnh t cc bc tnh ton :

i n v :1(l/min)=(10-)/60 (m/s)
1(mbar)= 10 (N/m)
1(mm) = 10- (m)
p dng phng trnh Becnuli cho mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 hai u ng .
Ta c:
z1+ p1/ + v1/2g= z2+ p2/ + v2/2g+hw (1)
Trong : z1= z2(do ng t nm ngang)
v1= v2=v
hw =hd+ hc= hd (do hc 0)
T (1) ,Suy ra: hdo = hw= (p1 p2) / ; (trong =9810N/m )

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

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GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

Thay (p1 p2) vo ta tnh c tn tht thc o.

Mt khc , ta c:
Q=v. => v=Q/=4Q/(.d2) (m/s)
M : Re=(v.d)/ ; vi l nht ng hc . 27C th =0,856.10-6 m2/s
Nu:khi 2320<Re<105 ch chy ri thnh trn (Blasius)
0.3164
=>h s tn tht dc ng : = 4
Re
khi 65.(d/)<Re<1300.(d/) ch chy ri thnh trn nhm (Colebrook):

2.51 0.2 7
=>h s tn tht dc ng : = 2 * lg

R e. + d

Cui cng: Dng cng thc tnh tn tht dc ng:

Ta ln lt thay s vo s tnh c tn tht dc ng tnh ton hdtton (m) v tn tht dc
ng thc o hdo (m)
Cng thc tnh sai s=/hdttonhdo/
Bng s liu vi ng km :
ng
p1 p2
knh bn
No
(mbar)
trong
(mm)
(1)
(2)
1 40.3711
17
2

26.2939

17

13.4033

17

No

Ch chy

1
2
3

(7)
Thnh trn
Thnh trn
Thnh trn

Lu lng
3

l/min

m /s
(3)

27.535
8
22.021
9
15.183
3

Cng thc
tnh ton
(8)

Bng s liu i vi ng ng :
No
p1 p2

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

0.00045893

Vn tc V
(m/s)

S Reinold
Re

d/

(4)

(5)

(6)

2.022

40154.4

0.17

0.00036703

1.617

32113.7

0,17

0.00025306

1.115

22141.2

0,17

H s tn
tht dc
ng
(9)

Tn tht
tnh ton
hdtton (m)
(10)

0,0224
0.0236
0.0259

0.2742
0.1855
0.0968

Lu lng

Tn tht
thc o
hdo (m)
(11)
0,4104
0,2656
0,1353

Sai s
(12)

0.1362
0.0801
0.0385

d/

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GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

36.0010

ng
knh bn
trong
(mm)
(2)
16

25.9277

16

16.9531

16

(mbar)
(1)

No

Ch chy

1
2
3

(7)
Thnh trn
Thnh trn
Thnh trn

Vn
tc V
(m/s)

S
Reinold
Re

(3)

(4)

(5)

27.55 0.00045933
95
22.88 0.00038141
46
18.16 0.00030269
15

2.021
9
1.617
0
1.114
9

37824.9

(6)
16

31408.7

16

24926.3

16

m3/s

l/min

Cng thc
tnh ton
(8)

H s tn
tht dc
ng
(9)

Tn tht
tnh ton
hdtton (m)
(10)

0.02269 0.29626
0.02377 0.21400
0.02518 0.14280

Tn tht
thc o
hdo (m)
(11)
0,36578
0,26280
0,17505

Sai s
(12)

0.06952
0.04880
0.03225

Bng s liu i vi ng nha PVC :

ng
Lu lng
Vn tc
S
p1 p2
knh bn
No
V
Reinold
(mbar)
trong
l/min
m3/s
(m/s)
Re
(mm)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
1
16
25.6348
28.04 0.00046746 2.0595 38494.5
2

20.5371

16

14.1846

16

No

Ch chy

1
2
3

(7)
Thnh trn
Thnh trn
Thnh trn

74
24.77 0.00041293 1.8192 34004.3
58
19.71 0.00032864 1.4479 27063.1
84

Cng thc
tnh ton
(8)

H s tn
tht dc
ng
(9)

Tn tht
tnh ton
hdtton (m)
(10)

0.0226
0.0233
0.0247

0.30550
0.24590
0.16490

Tn tht
thc o
hdo (m)
(11)
0,26091
0,21144
0,14185

d/
(6)
16
16
16

Sai s
(12)

-0.04459
-0.03446
-0.02305

Nhn xt v kt lun:

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

Trang: 12

GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

Ta nhn thy sai s tng i nh chng t th nghim tng i chnh xc.Mt khc ta thy
trong 3 loi ng th ng nha l t tn tht nht k n l ng ng v k n na l ng
km .V xt v mt kinh t th dng ng nha l li nht .Do va gim tn tht va c
li v kinh t th ta nn dng ng nha.

2. Xc nh tn tht cc b trn tuyn o lng s 5 v 6:

i tng o lng l ng nha PVC c tn tht cc b t m v t thu.
Mc ch: xc nh h s tn tht
cc b theo cng thc l thuyt
v so snh kt qu tnh ton vi
s liu thc o.
Tnh ton v so snh tn tht:
Tuyn o lng s 5: t thu 2016 c cc ng knh bn trong
tng ng l d1=17mm v
d2=14.6mm, chiu di L=100mm.

Bn s liu tn tht cc b t
thu :
No
1
2
3

p1 p2
(mbar)

74.780
3
53.872
1
32.099
6

Lu lng Qto
l/min
m3/s

26.982
2
22.845
9
17.689
7

V.tc (m/s)
V1
V2

Re1

Re2

d1/

d2/

0.0004497

1.98124 2.686145 39347.08 45815.09 17

14.6

0.0003807
7
0.0002948
3

1.67752 2.274366 33315.28 38791.76 17

14.6

1.29891 1.761054 25796.19 30036.66 17

14.6

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

Trang: 13

GVHD:L Hng
No
1
1
0.02246
2
3

No
1
2
3

5
0.02341
9
0.02496
6

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

hvges

0.02162
6
0.02254
5
0.02403
4

0.76228
6
0.54915
5
0.32721
3

.(L1/d1).(d2/d1)4

0.035946
0.037472
0.079894

2.hvges.g/V22

1-(d2/d1)4

2.070691

d1(m)
0,017

d2(m)
0,0146

0.455979

2.080799

0,017

0,0146

0.455979

2.067957

0,017

0,0146

0.455979

.(L2/d2)

0.07406303
0.077209146
0.082307744

ttoan

1.504703
1.510139
1.449776

lthuyt

0.126586
0.126586
0.126586

Sai s

-1.37812
-1.38355
-1.32319

Tuyn o lng s 6: t m 30-20 c cc ng knh bn trong tng ng l d1=17mm v

d2=28.6mm, chiu di L=100mm lthuyt =(2. hvges.g)/ V22 (m)

Bn s liu tn tht cc b t m :
Lu lng Qto
N
p1 p2
o
(mbar)
l/min
m3/s
1 -25.9033 28.646 0.048.10
0
2 -20.1416 25.257 0,421.10
4
14.873 0,248.10
3 -8.9502
4
No
1
2
3

0.022131
5
0.022839
2
0.026072

0.025205
2
0.026011
2
0.029693

hvges

V.tc (m/s)
V1
V2
2.1034
0.7432

Re1

Re2

41773.3

1.8546

0.6553

1.0921

0.3859

2.hvges.g/V2
2

-0.26405 -9.370497
-0.20532 -9.372429
-0.09124 -12.01013

4
No
1.(L1/d1).(d2/d1)
2.(L2/d2)
1
0.5214362
0.044065118
2
0.5381087
0.045474064
3
0.6142776
0.051910877
Ni dung v trnh t cc bc tnh ton :
i n v :1(l/min)=(10-)/60 (m/s)
1(mbar)= 10 (N/m)
1(mm) = 10- (m)

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

d1(m)
17.10

17.10

17.10

tton
-2.925335
-2.945349
-5.665656

24830.3

d1/

17

28,6

36831.9

21893.1

17

28,6

21689.3

12892.2

17

28,6

d2(m)

1-(d2/d1)4

28.6.10 -7.010663
28.6.10 -7.010663
28.6.10 -7.010663
lthuyt
0.4181976
0.4181976
0.4181976

Sai s
3.363547
6.0838535
6.0838535

Trang: 14

d2/

GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

Ta c:
Q=v. => v=Q/=4Q/(.d) (m/s)
M : Re=(v.d)/ ; vi l nht ng hc . 27C th =0.856.10-6 m2/s
Nu:khi 2320<Re<105 ch chy ri thnh trn (Blasius)
0.3164
=>h s tn tht dc ng : = 4
Re
khi 65.(d/)<Re<1300.(d/) ch chy ri thnh trn nhm (Colebrook):

2.51 0.2 7
=>h s tn tht dc ng : = 2 * lg

R e. + d

Cng thc tnh ton ttian c xc nh theo phng trnh Bernoulli vit cho 2 mt ct i
qua 2 im cn o p sut vi mt chun nm ngang i qua trc ng ca tuyn o lng (trc
ca 2 ng c ng knh d1 v d2). Trong c tnh n tn tht cc b (t m hoc t thu)
v tn tht dc ng trc v sau khu tn tht, mi on tn tht dc ng c chiu di
4
4
2.hvges .g d 2 L1 d 2
L2

vi hvges

.
.
+

.
L1=L2= L/2 = 50mm. ttoan =
1
2
2


d2
V2
d1 d1 d1

=p/ =(P1-P2)/
Mt khc .Ta c :
Cng thc tnh ton lthuyt ca t thu:
lthuyt =(2. hvges.g)/ V22 (m)
Cng thc tnh ton lthuyt ca t m:
lthuyt =[1(/)] ; vi / = V1/ V2
Cng thc tnh sai s=/ tton lthuyt /

Nhn xt v kt lun:
Ta thy h s tn tht tng i ln
vi tn tht t thu th sai s tng i ln , cn tn tht t m th sai s nh . iu ny
chng t trong qu trnh o c sai s
Kt lun : Nn hn ch s dng nhng ng ng c nhng khc m rng hay thu hp t
ngt.
3. Xc nh cc h s tn tht cc b trn tuyn o lng s 7:
i tng o lng l ng nha PVC c tn tht cc b
do un cong.
Mc ch: xc nh h s tn tht cc b ca on un
cong.
Tnh ton h s tn tht : H s tn tht cc b ph thuc vo hnh dng hnh hc ca
vng tn tht.

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

Trang: 15

GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

i vi ng un cong c bn knh R>d (Bend): L=91mm, ng knh d=17mm.

i vi ng un cong dng khy R<d (Elbow): L=183mm, ng knh d=17mm.
Bng tnh ton i vi mi v tr tn tht:
ng Chiu
Lu lng Q
No
knh
di L
l/min
m3/s
(mm) (mm)
1
17
2
17
3
17
No
1
2
3

p1 p2
(mbar)
7,98
6,25
4,03

V.tc
(m/s)

Re

.(L/d)

2.hvges.g/V2

hvges

d/

tton

Ni dung v trnh t cc bc tnh ton :

i n v :1(l/min)=(10-)/60 (m/s)
1(mbar)= 10 (N/m)
1(mm) = 10- (m)
Ta c:
Q=v. => v=Q/=4Q/(.d) (m/s)
M : Re=(v.d)/ ; vi l nht ng hc . 27C th =0.856.10-6 m2/s
Nu:khi 2320<Re<105 ch chy ri thnh trn (Blasius)
0.3164
=>h s tn tht dc ng : = 4
Re
khi 65.(d/)<Re<1300.(d/) ch chy ri thnh trn nhm (Colebrook):

2.51 0.2 7
=>h s tn tht dc ng : = 2 * lg

R e. + d

V d1=d2 nn cng thc ttoan =
ttoan =

2.hvges .g
V

L
d

2.hvges .g
V2

d
1 2
d1

L d
1 . 1 . 2
d1 d1

L
+ 2 . 2 tr thnh:
d2

vi hvges =p/ =(P1-P2)/

Nhn xt v kt lun: kt qu tnh ton gn ng so vi s liu l thuyt.

4. Xc nh lu lng trn tuyn o lng s 1:
i tng o lng l ng Pitot, ng knh d=17mm.
Mc ch: Xc nh lu lng v so snh kt qu tnh ton vi s liu thc o.

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

Trang: 16

GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

Tnh ton lu lng Qtton v so snh vi Qto :

No

p1 p2
(mbar)

1
2

27.4072
21.7871

2.34
2.09

0,23.10
0,23.10

Qtton
=V.
(m3/s)
0,530.10
0,474.10

12.8418

1.60

0,23.10

0,364.10

2. g .

p1 p 2

(m)

Qto
(l/min)

Qto
(m3/s)

Sai s

27.1683

0,467.10
0,413.10

0,078.10
0,070.10

0,329.10

0,053.10

24.195
0
18.627
7

Ni dung v trnh t cc bc tnh ton :

i n v :1(l/min)=(10-)/60 (m/s)
1(mbar)= 10 (N/m)
1(mm) = 10- (m)
p dng phng trnh Becnuli cho mt ct 1-1 v 2-2 hai u ng .
Ta c:
z1+ p1/ + v1/2g= z2+ p2/ + v2/2g+hw (1)
Trong : z1= z2 = z (do ng t nm ngang)
v1= v2=v
=>z+ p1/ + v/2g= z+ p2/ + v/2g+hw
=>hw=( p1 p2)/

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

Trang: 17

GVHD:L Hng
M: hw= v/2g => v= 2.g.

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B
p1 p 2

(m/s)

V:=d/4 (m)
Cng thc tnh sai s=/ Qtton Qto /
Nhn xt v kt lun:
Ta thy sai s nh chng t my o tng i chnh xc.Quy trnh thc hin th
nghim kh chnh xc
5. Xc nh p sut trn tuyn o lng s 1:
i tng o lng l ng Venturi, ng knh ln lt ti cc mt ct l:
d1=28.4mm, d3=22.5mm, d4=14.0mm, d5=17.2mm, d6=24.2mm, d7=28.4mm.
Mc ch:ng vi mi cp lu lng. Hy xc nh chnh p sut : pi,i+1=pipi+1
(i=1,3,4,5,6,7).

Tnh ton lu lng (pi,i+1)tton v so snh vi (pi,i+1)to :

No
Cp lu lng Q1
Pi
d (mm)
3
2
l/min
m /s
mbar
N/m
23.7110 0,3952.10 191.96
1
19196.3
28.4

23.7110
30
23.7110 0,3952.10 191.42
3
19142.1
22.5
23.7110
10

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

(m2)
0,633.10

V
(m/s)
0,6234

0,398.10

0,9939

Trang: 18

GVHD:L Hng
4
5
6
7

No
1
3
4
5
6
7

23.7110
23.7110

0,3952.10

0,3952.10

0,3952.10

0,3952.10

Cp lu lng Q2
l/min
m3/s
21.073 0,3512.10
0,3512.10
0
21.073 0,3512.10
0,3512.10
0
21.073 0,3512.10
0,3512.10
0
21.073
0
21.073
0
21.073
0

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B
162.83
70
175.28
70
180.27
80
183.60
80

16283.7

14.0

0,154.10

2,5672

17528.7

17.2

0,232.10

1,7008

18027.8

24.2

0,460.10

0,8592

18360.8

28.4

0,634.10

0,6238

d
(mm)
28,4
22,5
14,0
17,2
24,2
28,4

(m2)
0,6335.10
0,3976.10
0,1539.10
0,2324.10
0,4600.10
0,6335.10

V
(m/s)
0,5544
0,8833
2,2815
1,5116
0,7636
0,5544

Pi
mbar
139.8190
139.2430
116.5430
126.5430
130.3860
133.0960

N/m

13981.9
13924.3
11654.3
12654.3
13038.6
13309.6

V21+1-V21
(pipi+1)tton
(m/s)2
(N/m2)
1
1-4
6,2011
3103.71333
4-7
-6,2011
-3103.71333
2
1-4
4,8980
2451.515225
4-7
-4,8980
-2451.515225
Ni dung v trnh t cc bc tnh ton :
1(mbar)= 10 (N/m)
1(mm) = 10- (m)
Ta c: =d/4 (m)
V: Q=v. => v=Q/=4Q/(.d 2 ) (m/s)
Vit phng trnh Becnuli cho mt ct 1-4 v 4-7.
Ta c:
z1+ p1/ + v1/2g= z2+ p2/ + v2/2g (1)
Trong : z1= z2 = z (do ng t nm ngang)
=> p1/ + v1/2g= p2/ + v2/2g
=>(p1 p2)= (V21+1-V21). /2g (N/m2)
Cng thc tnh sai s=/(pipi+1)tton (pipi+1)to / (N/m2)
Qj

(i) (i+1)

(pipi+1)to
(N/m2)

Sai s

2912.6
-2077.1
2327.6
-1655.3

-191.1133
1026.6133
-123.9152
796.2152

Nhn xt v kt lun:
Nhn xt:Sai s ln chng t : thit b thiu chnh xc .Trong qu trnh thc hin
th nghim cn c nhiu sai st

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

Trang: 19

GVHD:L Hng

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B

Kt lun:Cn kim tra cn thn dng c th nghim trt khi tin hnh th
ngim va tun theo ung trnh t th nghim

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

Trang: 20

GVHD:L Hng

SVTH: Bi Vn Sang-Lp 06X3D

Trang: 21

Bo co TN Thy lc c s B