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GVHD : Th.s Nguyn Th Hin SVTH : Trn Nguyn Tun Anh T Ch Hng Chu Lu Quang 60800076 60800858 60801657
MC LC
Gii thiu ........................................................................................................................................ 3 1. Khng sinh ............................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 2. Nisin ................................................................................................................................. 4 Lysosyme ......................................................................................................................... 6 Natamycin ........................................................................................................................ 9
Cht chng oxy ha ............................................................................................................... 11 2.1. 2.2. BHA, BHT, TBHQ......................................................................................................... 11 Tocopherol (Vitamin E) ................................................................................................. 13
3.
Cht bo qun cu trc .......................................................................................................... 15 3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. Lecithin........................................................................................................................... 15 Caseinate ........................................................................................................................ 16 Tinh bt bin tnh ........................................................................................................... 17 Gelatin ............................................................................................................................ 19
4.
Mt s ch phm ph gia thng mi trn th trng ........................................................... 23 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. Anti-Pro1 ........................................................................................................................ 23 Tinh bt bin tnh ........................................................................................................... 24 POLYPHOS_S ............................................................................................................... 24
1.1.
Nisin
a. c im: Nisin trong t nhin thng gp trong cc sn phm sa v trong cc loi rau mui chua. N c to thnh trong qu trnh sng ca nhm Streptococcus ln men lactic. Trong thnh phn ca n c cha cc axit amin thng thng nh Leucin, Valin, Alanin, Glycin, Prolin, Histidin, Lyzin, Acid Glutamic, Acid Aspartic, Serin, Methionin. Nh vy, phn t Nisin (khi lng phn t gn 1000 D) gn ging nh cu to cc phn t Protid. Nisin l mt peptide khng khun a vng vi 34 axit amin d lng c s dng nh mt cht bo qun thc phm. N cha cc axit amin ph bin Lanthionine (Lan), Methyllanthionine (MeLan), Didehydroalanine (DHA) v Acid Didehydroaminobutyric (Dhb).
Hnh: S cu to ha hc ca Nisin b. C ch tc dng: Nisin lin kt vi anion phospholipid sau di chuyn vo t bo gy ri lon qa trnh trao i ion v lm cht vi sinh vt. Nisin c coi l hiu qu kim sot mt lot cc sinh vt gram dng bao gm: Listeria, Enterococcus, sporothermodurans Bacillus, v Clostridium. S dng mt mnh, n khng c hiu qu trn vi khun gram m (nh E coli), nm men v nm mc. Tuy nhin, nghin cu cho thy rng n c th hu ch i vi mt s vi khun gram m khi c s dng kt hp vi cht bo qun khc.. Trong c th ngi, Nisin s b cc cht men ca dch tiu ho ph hu. V vy c th xem nh n khng c tc dng ln h vi sinh vt thng c trong c quan tiu ho. c. Dng s dng:
Hnh: Dng nisin thng mi d. Cch s dng: Phm vi ng dng ca ph gia Nisin dng cho tht v cc sn phm t tht ang c m rng, nht l xu hng kt hp Nisin vi cc ph gia khc c cng hoc khng c ngun gc khng sinh nh Natamycin v EDTA (Gill v Holley, 2000) to hiu qu bo qun cao hn. Trong cng nghip hp vic s dng Nisin cho php gim nhit v gim thi gian thanh trng do gp phn nng cao cht lng sn phm. Nisin c kh nng tiu dit vi sinh vt gy chua phng (gy h hng m khng lm phng hp) trong cc loi hp nht l rau hp. Nisin b ph hy pH=8,0 nhit 37oC t 15-30 pht. Liu dng trong thc phm l 20 U.I/g thc phm.
1.2.
Lysosyme
a. c im
Nhng cu ni disulfua lm Polypeptide ny khng phi l mt chui thng. Cu trc ca lysozyme l ph hp di iu kin, lm cho n l tng cho nghin cu tinh th.
Hnh: S v tr tc ng ca Lysozyme ln Peptidoglycan c. Dng s dng Lysozyme t trng g ln u tin c miu t bi Laschtschenko t nm 1909. Lysozyme cng c tm thy trong nc bt ca ngi do Bloomfield tm ra trong nm 1919. Trong sut nhng nm 1960 v vo nhng nm 1970, Lysozyme c quan tm nhng mt khng sinh t nhin. Tnh c hi: Lysozyme l mt sn phm an ton c nh gi tch cc ca cc c quan ( WHO, FDA, U ban Khoa hc thc phm ca EU )
Hnh: Ch phm Lysozyme d. ng dng: Gill v Holler (2000) nghin cu v tc dng bo qun ca Lysozyme kt hp Nisin i vi 2 sn phm ham v xc xch, c ch sinh trng ca cc loi vi khun Leuconostoc, Listeria v Lactobacillus nhit 8oC. Hng nghin cu kt hp Lysozyme v Nisin cng nh s dng Lysozyme Chloride ang c pht trin. Li th ca vic s dng Lysozyme Chloride ( Lysozyme HCL) bao gm: - C th c s dng thay cho cc cht bo qun nhn to khc, chng hn nh Nitrat. Hng v c bo qun thng qua qa trnh lo ha - Trong trng hp loi b vi khun, Lysozyme Chloride c th c thm vo mc thp bo v chng li nhim mi trng trong sut qa trnh sn xut. Khng cn vn u t chi phi ln c hiu qu c ch vi khun
1.3.
Natamycin
a. c im Natamycin (C33H47NO13) cn c gi l Pimarycin, l mt cht c sn xut bi cc Natalensis ca vi khun Streptomyces. N l sn phm ca vi khun, chng c tc dng ngn nga s pht trin ca nm men v nm mc. C bn Natamycin khng c mu, mi hoc hng v.
Hnh: Cu to ca Natamycin b. C ch: Natamycin n lin kt vi cc ergosterol trong nm men v nm mc gy ra r r ca cc thnh t bo, dn n cht t bo. Vi khun th khng cha ergosterol v do khng b nh hng. Natamycin l hot cht chng li gn nh tt c cc loi mc v nm men, nhng khng c tc dng trn vi khun hoc virus. Hu ht cc nm men b c ch nng natamycin t 1,0 n 5,0 mg / mL. im ng in ca Natamycin l 6,5. c. Dng s dng: Natamycin ln u tin c phn lp t chng Streptomyces Natalensis trong phng th nghim nghin cu t nm 1955. Mt nhn vin DSM ly chng vi sinh vt trong mt mu t.
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Hnh: Ch phm Natamycine d. Cch s dng Natamycin c s dng trong ngnh cng nghip thc phm nh l mt cht bo qun, n ngn cn s pht trin ca nm mc v nm men trong vic lm h hng thc phm. Natamycin l s dng rng ri trn cc sn phm nh xc xch. Ngng s dng: Trong nghin cu trn ng vt, mc thp nht LD50 tm thy l 450 mg / kg. chut cng vi liu lng 500 mg/ kg/ngy trong hn 2 nm khng gy ra s khc bit trong t l sng, tng trng, hoc mc cc khi u. Cc cht chuyn ha ca Natamycin cng khng c c tnh. Trong con ngi, mt liu 500 mg/kg/ngy lp i lp li nhiu ngy gy ra bun nn, nn ma v tiu chy.
BHA
BHT
TBHQ
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3-tert-butyl-4hydroxyanisone 2-tert-butyl-4hydroxyanisone
b. C ch tc dng Ngn chn s oxy ha cc phn t trong thc phm nh cc acid bo bng cch tng tc vi cc gc t do to ra 1 gc t do mi bn vng hn ti nguyn t oxy v d dng tng tc vi cc gc t do khc trong thc phm .
c. Dng s dng BHA l cht bt mu trng. D dng tan trong glyxerit v cc dung mi hu c khc. Khng tan trong nc c mi phenol. BHA c th b mt hot tnh khi nhit cao trong trng hp nng hoc sy. BHA hp th qua thnh rut non v c th tn ti trong m bo .Tham gia vo qu trnh trao i cht ca ngi v ng vt BHT l bt mu trng ,bn nhit hn BHA nhng li km tc dng hn BHA TBHQ tan trong du bo 10% nhng t tan trong nc 1%. S dng trong cc thc phm dng sy kh
BHT
TBHQ
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2.2.
Tocopherol (Vitamin E)
a. c im L cht du lng khng mu tan trong cht bo, chng l thnh phn ca tocopherol v tocoltrienol. Ton b thnh phn ca chng cha vng 6-chromanol C tocolpherol v tocoltrienol c cc dng ng phn sau : , , , .S khc nhau gia cc ng phn ny l s lng v v tr cc nhm methyl trong chui phenol .Trong tt c cc ng phn ca tocopherol th -tocopherol c kh nng chng oxy hoa mnh nht .
Khng bn vi tia t ngoi nhng li bn vi nhit v kim, bn vi axit (trong iu kin thiu oxy). b. C ch Phn ng oxy ha lipid do cc gc t do peroxyl , chng s tip nhn 1 nguyn t hydro t c cht lipid :
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d--tocopherol dl--tocopherol d- -tocopheryl acetate v dl- -tocopheryl acetate d- -tocopheryl acetate m c d- -tocopheryl axit succinate 14
Lecithin th l hn hp lipid cha choline, ethanolamine, inositol phosphatidyl L nhng cht rn v sc nhng ha thnh mu sm ti rt nhanh ngoi khng kh do s oxy ha cc axit bo khng no trong thnh phn ca chng do lin kt gia axit phosphoric vi glycerol v gia axit phosphoric vi cc thnh phn khc bn trong mi trng kim nhng li c th b thy phn trong mi trng axit b. C ch Trong phn t c nhng vng c kh nng tng tc khc nhau vi cc phn t ca dung mi : Gc hydrocacbon ca cc axit bo cao to thnh vng k nc, cn cc gc ca axit phosphoric v baz nit vn c kh nng ion ha th to thnh vng a nc. Khi phn b trong b mt tip xc gia 2 pha th u phn cc s nm trong pha nc v hng v pha nc cn u khng phn cc s nm trong pha du v hng v pha du. c. Dng s dng
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Cc nh sn xut chia lecithin thnh 2 loi : Tan trong ethanol : Lm bn h nh tng du/nc Khng tan trong ethanol : Lm bn h nh tng nc/du d. Liu lng Khng c Liu lng s dng ph thuc vo tnh cht ca h nh tng v i tng s dng. C th xc nh c bng thc nghim
3.2.
Caseinate
a. Cu to Mui caseinate (Na,K,NH4+): Ly axit casein (HCl, H2SO4, lactic) hay axit casein (chymosin) sy phun ha tan vo dung dch mui long ri em hn hp ng nht i sy phun Casein
d. Liu lng Khng c .Liu lng s dng cho tng dng sn phm c xc nh bng thc nghim.
3.3.
a. Mc ch s dng: Tng ha tan, nht, do, dai chc, trnh hin tng thoi ha cu trc gel tinh bt. b. c im
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Tinh bt acetylat
Tinh bt CBS phosphat acetylat CBM CBX CBS CBS CBM 8834 CBA 8858 CBS 1068 CBS 1064 CBL 8835 CBA 1063 Tinh bt phosphat CTF 7631 ( Phosphat starch) CTM 7669 CTF 7655 CTF 7657 Tinh bt acetate oxy EBX 1032 ha EBX 1081 EBS 1082 EBX 1093 EBX 1094
c tnh v cng dng: lm cht tng c v tnh n nh cho thc phm, lm cht n cho sn xut xc xch, c vin, tht vin... c tnh: tnh linh ng tt, c c tr v c ph, lm cht n nh. Cng dng: gim bng, xc xch
3.4.
Gelatin
a. Mc ch s dng: gip lin kt nc, tng to gel, lm bn h nh tng, to cu trc ng nht b. Cu to: 19
Cu trc phn t gelatin gm c 18 amino acid lin kt vi nhau theo mt trt t xc nh, tun hon, to nn chui polypeptide vi khong 1000 n v, hnh thnh nn cu trc bc 1. Chiu di chui peptide ph thuc ngun nguyn liu v chui c mt u l nhm amino, mt u l nhm carboxyl. Cu trc thng gp ca gelatin l Gly X Y (vi X ch yu l nhm proline cn Y ch yu l nhm hydroxyproline). Trong phn t gelatine c mt s nhm tch in: carboxyl, imidazole, amino, guanidino. T l cc nhm ny nh hng n pH v pI ca gelatin. Ngoi ra s lng nhm khng mang in tch nh cc nhm hydroxyl (serine, threonine, hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, tyrosine) v cc nhm peptide (-CO-NH-) quy nh kh nng to lin kt hydro, quy nh cu trc phn t.
Hnh: cu to ca gelatin c. C ch: Tnh to gel Qu trnh to gel ca gelatin lin quan n hai quy lut c bn sau: u tin l cc mi ni bn trong mng phn t tr nn sp xp c trt t hn, chc hn v k n l mng phn t c lm dy thm. Khi gel gelatin c hnh thnh th c s ti to mt phn collagen. Cc nh nghin cu nhn chung chp nhn rng nhng khu vc giu pyrolidine trong chui gelatin hot ng nh v tr trung tm trong vic hnh thnh nn nhng vng 20
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Thnh phn: E211, E202, E223 ng Dng: Cc sn phm ch bin t tht c nh : gi ch, xc xch, ch c, c vin, nem, lp xng Cng dng : - c ch hiu qu s pht trin ca nm mc v vi sinh vt gy h hng sn phm ( nh b nht, thi, rn chn chim, ) - Kh nng chng oxi ha cao - Ko di thi gian bo qun sn phm,gi mu sc n nh Hm lng s dng : 0,2 0,4 % ( 2 4 g / 1kg sn phm ) Cch s dng : - Cho trc tip vo ci sau qu trnh cho m - Hoc xay m chung vi Antipro_01 trc, sau khi sn xut th khng cn b sung thm Antipro_01 Ngun gc : Nguyn liu M +
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ng Dng: Cc sn phm ch bin t tht c nh: gi ch, xc xch, ch c, c vin, nem Cng dng: - L cht n trong sn phm. - To gin v gi nc trong sn phm(1g GelPro_M gi 1g nc ) - Ci thin cu trc sn phm . Hm lng s dng: 4--10% Cch s dng: Cho vo ci xay sau khi cho m (c th pha do vi nc). Ngun gc: Nguyn liu t Thi Lan
4.3.
POLYPHOS_S
Thnh phn: E450, E451, E42 ng dng : Cc sn phm tht, c ch bin nh gi ch, xc xch, nem, tht vin, c vin, lp xng Cng dng : - To kt dnh (gin dai) cho sn phm. - n nh pH, gip cho sn phm khng b nht trong qu trnh bo qun. - Hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt, gi cho mu sc v mi v ca sn phm lun ti ngon. - Gi nc, gip tng trng cho sn phm t 5 8 %. 24
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