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Thng thng P l 1 hm s phc tp ca thi gian t, rt kh tch phn
nn biu thc trn ch c ngha l thuyt. tnh tn tht in nng trn
thc t ngi ta dng phng php khc.
Ty theo ni dung ca m hnh ton hc c s dng, ngi ta chia thnh
2 nhm phng php : phng php xc nh v phng php xc sut
thng k.
Xc nh tn tht in nng theo th ph ti.
Phng php chnh xc nht l xc nh tn tht in nng theo th
ph ti, trong tn tht cng sut xc nh theo tng bc ca th ph
ti (phng php phn tch th).
Tn tht in nng c tnh tng gi. T cc thng s s hnh thnh
th ph ti ngy m v t xy dng th ph ti nm. th ph
ti ngy m biu th s bin i cng sut ca ph ti trong 1 ngy m.
Da vo th ph ti nm, chng ta c th xc nh c tn tht
in nng trong 1 nm. n gin, chng ta xt th ph ti nm c 3
bc, ng vi mi bc l 1 ch ph ti v khi tnh c tn tht in
nng trn ng dy.
P
1
=
v tn tht in nng A
1
= P
1
.t
ng vi bc 2 ca th ph ti, ta c :
P
2
=
v tn tht in nng A
2
= P
2
.t
ng vi bc 3 ca th ph ti, ta c :
P
3
=
v tn tht in nng A
3
= P
3
.t.
Nu th ph ti nm c N bc, ta c cng thc :
P
i
=
vi i = 1, N.
Vy tn tht in nng c nm bng :
A =
. Trong t
i
l khong thi gian ca bc th i c
gi tr ph ti l P
i
.
Tn tht in nngtrong trm bin p.
Trm c 1 my bin p.
Khi trm ch c 1 my bin p th tn tht in nng ca trm c tnh
theo cng thc :
A = P
Fe
. t + P
Cu max
.
Trong :
t: thi gian my bin p vn hnh.
: thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht.
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
6
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
P
Cu max
: tn tht ng trong my bin p lc ph ti cc i.
Trm c nhiu my bin p vn hnh song song.
My bin p c ghp nhiu hay t l ty theo phng thc vn hnh ca
trm theo th ph ti.
Cc my bin p ghp song song c dung lng ging nhau.
Hnh 1: th ph ti trong 1 nm.
Gi thit trm bin p c th ph ti hng nm nh hnh trn v c
phng thc vn hnh nh sau :
Ph ti ca trm bin p l S
1
ta dng n
1
my bin p ghp song song, vn
hnh trong thi gian t
1
gi.
Ph ti ca trm bin p l S
2
ta dng n
2
my bin p ghp song song, vn
hnh trong thi gian t
2
gi.
Coi in p t vo my bin p sut nm khng i v bng U
m
th tn
tht in nng ca trm bin p l :
A = (n
1
.P
Fe
.t
1
+ n
2
.P
Fe
.t
2
+
Vit gn li nh sau :
A =
)
[
]
Nu c n my bin p ghp song song vn hnh sut nm ta c th vit :
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
7
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Trong :
: tn tht ca 1 my khi ph ti ca trm t cc i.
Cc my bin p ghp song song c dung lng khc nhau.
Trong trng hp cc my bin p c cng sut khc nhau lm vic song
song, trc ht cn phi tm s phn b ph ti gia chng.
i vi cc my bin p c in p ngn mch %u
N
bng nhau (1 trong
nhng iu kin cho php my bin p vn hnh song song), th ph ti
phn b gia chng c th xem nh t l vi cng sut nh mc ca
chng.
V d trm c ghp song song 2 my bin p B
1
v B
2
, khi ph ti ca
ton trm l S th ph ti ca my B
1
nhn l S
1
v my B
2
nhn l S
1
v
bng :
Trong :
S
m1
v S
m2
l cng sut nh mc ca my bin p v B
2.
Sau khi bit cng sut phn b cho tng my bin p ta tnh ring tn
tht in nng cho tng my.
Yu t nh hng n tn tht in nng.
Trm bin p.
Tn tht cng sut.
Tn tht cng sut trong my bin p gm 2 phn sau :
- Phn khng i : y l tn tht khng lin quan n ph ti ca my,
l tn tht trong li st S
Fe
v thng gi l tn tht st. Tn tht
ny c xc nh theo cc s liu k thut ca my bin p :
S
Fe
= P
Fe
+ jQ
Fe
P
Fe
= AP
0
l tn tht cng sut tc dng lc my bin p khng
ti.
Q
Fe
: tn tht gy t trong li st. Tr s Q
Fe
c tnh theo dng
khng ti I
0
%.
Q
Fe
=
- Phn thay i : phn ny ph thuc cng sut ti ca my bin p hay
cn gi l tn tht ng. C th xc nh tn tht ng trong my bin
p.
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
8
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Trong :
S : cng sut ti ca my bin p.
S
m
: cng sut nh mc ca my bin p.
P
N
: tn tht ngn mch.
Trong cng thc trn th R
b
v X
b
phi tng thch vi U. Ngha l
khi tnh R
b
v X
b
theo in p no th phi s dng in p .
Trong trng hp c n my bin p ging nhau, lm vic song
song th tn tht cng sut trong n my bng :
P =
Tn tht in nng.
Tn tht in nng trong my bin p gm 2 thnh phn :
- Phn khng ph thuc vo ph ti xc nh theo thi gian lm vic
my bin p.
- Phn ph thuc vo ph ti xc nh theo th ph ti, nu cng sut
my bin p c th nh ph ti th dng T
max
tnh
Tn tht in nng 1 nm tnh theo l :
Trong :
T
b
: thi gian vn hnh nm ca my bin p.
S
max
: ph ti cc i nm ca my bin p.
Nu c n my bin p ging nhau lm vic song song th tn tht
in nng trong n my l :
ng dy
ng dy cng di v tit din cng nh th tn tht cng ln. Li in
h p c tn tht ln hn li cao p, nn vn chn dy dn v in p
truyn ti c nh hng ch yu n tn tht.
Tn tht cng sut
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
9
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Tn tht cng sut trn 1 pha ca ng dy l :
Trn 3 pha l :
P = 3.
Nu thay
V cng sut phn khng :
Trong cc cng thc trn P, Q, U phi ly gi tr ti cng 1 thi im trn
ng dy. Trong tnh ton gn ng c th ly U = U
m
ca ng dy
cn cng sut ly u hoc cui ng dy.
Tn tht cng sut c tnh theo ch max nm ca ng dy
tnh tn tht in nng v tnh yu cu cng sut i vi ngun in. Tn
tht cng sut l khng th trnh khi, n c tc hi l i hi kh nng
pht ca ngun v kh nng ti ca li, do phi gi tn tht cng
sut mc hp l.
Tn tht in nng do tn tht cng sut tc dng.
Tn tht cng sut tc dng gy ra tn tht in nng trn in tr R ca
li in, l tch phn ca tn tht cng sut theo thi gian vn hnh :
(
()
()
)
Ch vn hnh
Tn tht k thut trong vn hnh c tnh nh sau :
ly theo j l cc ma trong nm.
Trong quy hoch tnh theo T
max
cn T
max
li ly theo gi tr thng k ca
cc loi ph ti,
|
\ .
S
i,
S
max
l gi tr ph ti u sut tuyn ti cc thi im t
b,
t
max
T l tn tht in nng k thut:
A A % = 100%
N
A
A
A
A l in nng nhn vo ca li in trong khong thi gian t.
Nhn dng tn tht in nng theo tng cp in p, tng khu vc li in,
tng xut tuyn trung p, tng trm bin p cng cng :
Nhn dng tn tht in p ca li in do n v qun l c thc
hin da vo kt qu tnh ton tn tht in nng thc hin qua o m v tn
tht in nng qua tnh ton. Cc n v thc hin nh gi mc cao, thp
ca tn tht in nng tng cp in p ( cao p, trung p, h p ), tng khu
vc li in, tng xut tuyn trung p, tng trm bin p cng cng. so snh
tn tht in p k thut qua tnh ton vi kt qu tnh ton tn tht in nng
qua o m nhn dng ( tn tht k thut hay phi k thut ), t tm ra
cc nguyn nhn gy tn tht v ra cc bin php gim tn ht in nng
tp trung vo ng khu vc, ng cp in p, ng xut tuyn, ng trm
bin p c tn tht in nng cao.
thc hin c vic nhn dng trn, n v phi :
Xc nh ph ti ng vi ng dy, khu vc ( cc sector )
Lp t cng t tng cho tng xut tuyn trung p, tng trm bin p cng
cng.
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
24
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Lp t c cng t ranh gii phn vng qun l v tnh ton tn tht
in nng qua m bo thng k theo di tn tht in nng ca tng
trm bin p, tng xut tuyn, tng khu vc.
Thu thp thng s v thc hin tnh ton tn tht in nng k thut cho
tng cp in p, tng xut tuyn v tng trm bin p cng cng.
III. Cc bin php qun l k thut - vn hnh gim tn tht in nng.
a ra c cc bin php trong qun l k thut, vn hnh nhm gim
tn tht in nng, phi nm bt c cc nguyn nhn lm tng tn tht
in nng k thut.
1. Cc nguyn nhn lm tng tn tht in nng k thut
Qu ti dy dn: lm tng nhit dy dn v lm tng thm tn tht in
nng trn dy dn.
Khng cn bng pha : khng cn bng pha s lm tng tn tht in nng
trn dy trung tnh, dy pha v lm tng tn tht in nng trong my bin
p. ng thi cng c th gy qu ti pha c dng in qu ln.
Qu ti my bin p : my bin p vn hnh qu ti do dng in tng cao
lm pht nng cun dy v u cch in ca my bin p dn n tng tn
tht in nng trn my bin p ng thi gy st p v lm tng tn tht
in pha trn li in pha h p.
Non ti my bin p : my bin p vn hnh non ti hoc vn hnh khng
ti tn hao khng ti ln hn so vi in nng s dng, mt khc ti thp
s khng ph hp vi h thng o m dn n tn tht in nng tng
cao.
H s cos thp : do ph ti c h s cos thp, thc hin lp t v vn
hnh t b khng ph hp gy s cos trn li in. Cos thp dn n
cn tng dng in truyn ti, cng sut phn khng do lm tng dng
in ti ca h thng v lm tng tn tht in nng.
Do cc im tip xc v mi tip xc km : lm tng nhit cc mi ni,
tip xc v lm tng tn tht in nng.
Tn tht do thit b c, lc hu : cc my bin p, thit b c thng c
hiu sut thp v tn tht in nng cao.
Ni t khng tt : i vi h thng li in c h thng ni t trc tip,
ni t lp li tn tht in nng s tng cao nu ni t khng ng tiu
chun quy nh.
Tn tht dng r : s cch in, chng st van v cc thit b khng c
kim tra bo dng hp l dn n dng r, phng in qua cch in gy
tn tht in nng.
Hnh lang tuyn khng bo m : vic pht quang hnh lang tuyn thc
hin tt, cy mc chm ng dy trn gy dng r hoc s c cng l
nguyn nhn gy tn tht in nng.
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
25
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
in p thp di gii hn cho php : do tit din dy dn khng m bo,
bn knh cp in khng hp l hoc do cc nc phn p ca my bin p
khng c iu chnh kp thi. Vi cng mt cng sut cp cho ti, in
p thp s lm tng dng in phi truyn ti v lm tng tn tht in
nng.
in p xu : lch pha in p, in p khng i xng, mo sng in p
do cc thnh phn sng hi bc cao, cc thnh phn dng in th t
nghc, th t khng v cc thnh phn sng hi bc cao s gy ra nhng
tn tht ph, lm pht nng my bin p, ng dy v lm tng tn tht
in nng.
Hin tng vng quang in : i vi ng dy in p cao t 110 KV
tr ln, hin tng vng quang in cng gy ra tn tht in p.
Hin tng qu b, v tr v dung lng b khng hp l dn n tng tn
tht in nng.
Phng thc vn hnh : tnh ton phng thc vn hnh cha hp l tn
tht in nng cao. xy ra s c dn n phi vn hnh phng thc bt
li dn n tn tht in nng cao.
Ch s dng in khng hp l : Nhng ph ti c s chnh lch qu
cao gia gi cao im v gi thp im s gy kh khn cho vn hnh v
gy tn tht in nng cao.
2. Cc bin php qun l k thut vn hnh gim tn tht in nng.
Khng qu ti ng dy, my bin p : theo di cc thng s vn hnh
li in, tnh hnh tng trng ph ti c k hoch vn hnh, ci to
li in hp l khng qu ti ng dy, qu ti my bin p trn li
in.
Thc hin chuyn hon my bin p non ti, y ti mt cch hp l.
Khng cc my bin p ph ti vn hnh ti lch pha : phi nh k
hng thng o dng ti tng pha I
a
, I
b
, I
c
v dng in dy trung tnh I
o
thc hin cn pha khi dng in I
o
ln hn 15% trung bnh cng dng in
cc pha : I
o
> 15% (I
a
+ I
b
+ I
c
)/3.
m bo vn hnh phng thc ti u : thng xuyn tnh ton kim tra
m bo phng thc vn hnh ti u trn li in. m bo duy tr in
p trong gii hn cao cho php theo quy nh hin hnh v kh nng chu
ng ca thit b.
Lp t v ti u t b cng sut phn khng : theo di thng xuyn cos
cc nt trn li in, tnh ton v tr v lp t t b dung lng ti u
quyt nh lp t, hon chuyn v vn hnh hp l cc b t trn li
nhm gim tn tht in nng. m bo cos ti l tng trung th trm
110KV t 0,98.
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
26
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Kim tra, bo dng li in tnh trng vn hnh tt : thc hin kim
tra bo dng li in m bo cc tiu chun k thut vn hnh : hnh
lang li in, tip a, mi tip xc, cch in ca ng dy, thit b
Khng cc mi ni, tip xc ( trn dy dn, cp, u cc thit b, )
tip xc gy pht nng dn n tng tn tht in nng.
Thc hin tt cng tc qun l k thut vn hnh, ngn nga s c : m
bo li in khng b s c duy tr kt dy c bn c tn tht in
nng thp.
Thc hin vn hnh kinh t my bin p :
- Trng hp trm bin p c 2 hay nhiu my bin p vn hnh song
song cn xem xt vn hnh kinh t my bin p, chn thi im ng,
ct my bin p theo th ph ti.
- i vi cc khch hng c trm bin p chuyn dng ( trm 110 KV,
trm trung p ) m tnh cht ca ph ti hot ng theo ma v ( trm
bm thy nng, sn xut ng ma, ), ngoi thi gian ny ch phc
v cho nhu cu s dng in ca vn phng, nhn vin qun l trm
bm, n v kinh doanh bn in phi vn ng , thuyt phc khch
hng lp t thm my bin p c cng sut nh ring ph hp phc v
cho nhu cu ny hoc bng ngun in h th khu vc nu c iu kin
tch my bin p chnh ra khi vn hnh.
Hn ch cc thnh phn khng cn bng v sng hi bc cao : thc hin
kim tra i vi khch hng gy mo in p ( cc l h quang in, cc
ph ti my hn cng sut ln, ) trn li in. Trong iu kin gy nh
hng ln n mo in p, yu cu khch hng phi c bin php khc
phc.
Tng bc loi dn cc thit b khng tin cy, hiu sut km, tn tht cao
bng cc thit b mi c hiu sut cao, tn tht thp ( c bit l i vi
my bin p ).
Tnh ton v qun l tn tht nng lng k thut : thc hin tnh ton tn
tht din nng k thut ca tng trm bin p, tng ng dy, tng khu
vc qun l, nh gi v ra cc bin php gim tn tht in nng
ph hp.
IV. Cc bin php qun l kinh doanh gim tn tht in nng :
a ra c cc bin php trong cng tc qun l kinh doanh nhm gim
tn tht in nng thng mi, phi nm bt c cc nguyn nhn trong qun
l kinh doanh lm tng tn tht in nng thng mi.
1. Cc nguyn nhn lm tng tn tht in nng trong qun l kinh doanh :
H thng khng ph hp : cc tit b o m nh cng t, TU, TI khng
ph hp vi ph ti c th c ln hay qu nh hoc khng t cp chnh xc
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
27
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
yu cu, h thng nhn ca h thng o khng ng u dn n o m
khng chnh xc lm tn tht in nng cao.
Lp t, u ni h thng o m sai (sai s u dy, sai t s bin ).
Kim tra, kim nh h thng o m khng kp thi :
- Khng thc hin kim nh ban u, kim nh nh k theo quy nh.
- Khng kim tra pht hin cc thit b o m in h hng thay th
kp thi l nguyn nhn dn n o m khng chnh xc gy tn tht
in nng.
Sai st trong nghip v kinh doanh : c sai ch s cng t, thng k tng
hp khng chnh xc, b st khch hng
Hin tng ly cp in khng c pht hin kp thi ngn chn nh :
cu mc in trc tip, can thit lm h hng hoc lm sai lch h thng o
m.
2. Cc bin php qun l kinh doanh gim tn thp in nng.
i vi kim nh ban u cng t : phi m bo cht lng kim nh
ban u cng t cng t o m chnh xc trong c chu k lm vic (5
nm i vi cng t 1 pha, 2 nm i vi cng t 3 pha).
i vi h thng o m lp t mi : Phi m bo thit k lp t h
thng bao gm cng t, TU, TI v cc thit b gim st t xa (nu c) m
bo cp chnh xc, c nim phong kp ch v c cc gi tr nh mc
(dng in, in p, t s bin ) ph hp vi ph ti. Xy dng v thc
hin nghim quy nh v lp t, kim tra, v thu nghim cng t, m
bo s gim st cho gia cc nhn khu nhm m bo khng c s sai st
(s u day, t s bin, ) trong qu trnh lp t, nghm thu h thng
o m.
Thc hin kim tra, bo dng h thng o m : thc hin quy nh v
kim tra, bo dng h thng o m (cng t, TU, TI, ) dm bo cc
thit b o m trn li c nim phong qun l tt, c cp chnh xc ph
hp m bo o m ng. Thc hin ch qun l, kim tra kp thi
pht hin v thay th ngay thit b o m b s c (cng t kt chy, TU,
TI chy hng, ), h hng hoc b can thip tri php trn li in.
Khng c cng t kt chy qu mt chu k ghi ch s.
Cng c nng cp h thng o m : tng bc p dng cng ngh mi, lp
t thay th cc thit b o m c cp chnh xc cao cho ph ti ln. Thay
th cng t in t 3 pha cho cc ph ti ln,p dng cc phng php o
xa, gim st thit b o m t xa cho cc ph ti ln nhm tng cng theo
di, pht hin sai st, s c o m.
Thc hin lch ghi ch s cng t : m bo ghi ch s cng t ng l trnh,
chu k theo quy h, ng ngy tha thun vi khch hng, to iu kin
khch hng cng gim st, m bo chnh xc kt qu ghi ch s cng t
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
28
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
v kt qu sn lng tnh ton tn tht in nng. Cng c v nng cao cht
lng ghi ch s cng t, c bit i vi khu vc thue dch v in nng
thn ghi ch s nhm mc ch ghi chnh xc, pht hin kp thi ghi cng t
kt chy, h hng ngay trong qu trnh ghi ch s kp thi x l.
Khoanh vng nh gi tn tht in nng : thc hin lp t cng t ranh
gii, cng t cho tng xut tuyn, cng t tng tng trm bin p cng cng
qua theo di nh gi bin ng tn tht in nng ca tng khu vc,
tng xut tuyn, tng trm bin p cng cng hng thng v ly k n
thng thc hin c bin php x l i vi nhng bin ng tn tht in
nng. ng thi so snh kt qu ly k vi kt qu tnh ton tn tht in
nng k thut nh gi thc t vn hnh cng nh kh nng c tn tht
in nng thng mi thuc khu vc ang xem xt
m bo ph ti ng vi tng ng dy, tng khu vc (khng ln sector)
Kim tra, x l nghim v tuyn truyn ngn nga ly cp in : tng
cng cng tc kim tra chng cc hnh vi ly cp in di mi hnh thc,
cn thc hin thng xuyn lin tc trn mi a bn, c bit l i vi cc
khu vc nng thn mi tip nhn bn l, phi hp vi cc c quan truyn
thng tuyn truyn ngn nga biu hin ly cp in. Gio dc cc nhn
vin qun l vn hnh, cc pn v v ngi dn quan tm n vn gim
tn tht in nng, tit kim in nng.
Thc hin tng cng nghip v qun l khc : xy dng v thc hin
nghim quy nh qun l km, ch nim phong cng t, TU,TI, hp bo v
h thng o m, xy dng quy nh kim tra, xc minh i tng vi cc
trng hp cng t chy, mt cp, h hng, ngn nga hin tng thng
ng vi khch hng vi phm s dng in, tng cng phc tra ghi ch s
cng t m bo vic ghi ch s ng quy nh ca quy trnh kinh doanh,
gn trch nhim ca cn b qun l iu hnh vi ch tiu tn tht in
nng.
V. Nguyn tc tnh ton.
1. Tnh ton tn tht in nng qu kh thng qua s liu o m.
a. Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cc cng ty
truyn ti
in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cc cng ty
truyn ti in :
A
Ni
= A
NM-Tti
+ A
500-TTi
+ A
L-TTi
+ A
TT-TTi
Trong :
i: cc cng ty truyn ti in 1, 2, 3, 4.
A
Ni
: in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty
truyn ti in.
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
29
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
A
NM-Tti
: in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty
truyn ti in t li in nc ngoi.
A
500-TTi
: in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty
truyn ti in t li truyn ti 500 KV.
A
L-TTi
: in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty
truyn ti in t cc tng cng ty in lc.
A
TT-TTi
: in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty
truyn ti in i n cng ty truyn ti in khc.
in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cc cng ty truyn
ti in :
A
Gi
= A
TTi-NM
+ A
TTi-500
+ A
TTi-L
+ A
TTi-TT
+ A
TTi-KH
Trong :
A
Gi
: in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty
truyn ti in.
A
TTi-NM
: in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty
truyn ti in cho li in nc ngoi.
A
TTi-500
: in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty
truyn ti in cho li in 500 KV.
A
TTi-L
: in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty
truyn ti in cho cc tng cng ty in lc.
A
TTi-TT
: in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty
truyn ti in cho cng ty truyn ti in khc.
A
TTi-KH
: in nng giao trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty
truyn ti in cho khch hng s dng in u ni trc tip vo li
truyn ti.
Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn
ti in xc nh nh sau :
A
i
= A
Ni
A
Gi
(KWh)
Trong :
A
i
: in nng tn tht trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty
truyn ti in i.
T l tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty
truyn ti in xc nh nh sau :
A
i
= (A
i
100) / A
Ni
(KWh).
b. Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 500 KV.
in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in
quc gia c xc nh nh sau :
A
N500
= A
NM-500
+ A
NN-500
+ A
TTi-500
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
30
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
A
N500
: in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn
ti in quc gia.
A
NM-500
: in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn
ti in quc gia t cc nh my in.
A
NN-500
: in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn
ti in quc gia t li in nc ngoi.
A
TTi-500
: in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn
ti in quc gia t li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti
in i.
in nng giao trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in
quc gia c xc nh nh sau :
A
G500
= A
500-NM
+ A
500-NN
+ A
500-TTi
Trong :
A
G500
: in nng giao trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn
ti in quc gia.
A
500-NM
: in nng giao trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn
ti in quc gia cho cc nh my in.
A
500-NN
: in nng giao trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn
ti in quc gia cho li in nc ngoi.
A
500-TTi
: in nng giao trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn
ti in quc gia cho li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cng ty truyn ti
in i.
Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti
in quc gia xc nh nh sau :
A
500
= A
N500
A
G500
( KWh ).
Trong :
A
500
: in nng tn tht trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty
truyn ti in quc gia.
T l tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty truyn
ti in quc gia xc nh nh sau :
A
500
= ( A
500
100 )/ A
N500
c. Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca tng cng ty
truyn ti in quc gia.
in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 200 KV tr xung ca tng cng ty truyn
ti in quc gia c xc nh nh sau :
A
N220
= A
NM-TTi
+ A
NN-TTi
+ A
500-TTi
+ A
L TTi
Trong :
A
N220
: in nng nhn trn li truyn ti 200 KV tr xung ca tng cng ty
truyn ti in quc gia.
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
31
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
in nng giao trn li truyn ti 200 KV tr xung ca tng cng ty truyn
ti in quc gia c xc nh nh sau :
A
G220
= A
TTi-NM
+ A
TTi-NN
+ A
TTi-500
+ A
TTi-L
+ A
TTi-KH
Trong :
A
G220
: in nng giao trn li truyn ti 200 KV tr xung ca tng cng ty
truyn ti in quc gia.
Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti
in quc gia c xc nh nh sau :
A
220
= A
N220
A
G220
Trong :
A
220
: Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV ca tng cng ty
truyn ti in quc gia.
T l tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV ca tng cng ty in lc
c xc nh nh sau :
A
220
= ( A
220
100 )/A
N220
d. Tn tht in nng trn li ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia (bao
gm c li truyn ti 500 KV v 220 KV tr xung).
in nng nhn trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia
c xc nh nh sau :
A
N
= A
NM-TTi
+ A
NM-500
+ A
NN-TTi
+ A
NN-500
+ A
L-TTi
Trong :
A
N
: in nng nhn trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc
gia.
in nng giao trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc gia
c xc nh nh sau :
A
G
=A
TTi-NM
+A
500-NM
+A
TTi-NN
+ A
500-NN
+ A
TTi-L
+ A
TTi-KH
Trong :
A
G
: in nng giao trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc
gia.
Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in quc
gia:
A = A
N
A
G
Trong :
A : in nng tn tht trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in
quc gia.
T l tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in
quc gia :
A = ( A 100 )/A
N
e. Lu i vi in nng t dng cho my bin p v t b ngang.
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
32
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
in nng giao cho cc tng cng ty in lc bao gm c in nng t
dng cho trm bin p v thit b b ( nh t b ngang, SVC ) ca li
truyn ti trong mi trng hp u ni v o m, v d :
Ngun t dng cho trm bin p ly t cun th 3 ca my bin ap 220
KV.
Ngun t dng cho trm bin p ly t pha trung p ca my bin p
110 KV.
T b ngang u ni vo thanh ci 110 KV c im o m ti ngn l
tng my bin p.
T b ngang u ni vo thanh ci 110 KV c im o m ti tng
ngn l xut tuyn 110 KV.
Thng k in nng t dng cho trm bin p v t b ngang phi bao
gm mi trng hp u ni v o m.
2. Tnh ton tn tht in nng tng lai thng qua s liu d bo.
a. Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in
quc gia
Tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti in
quc gia :
A = A
MBA
+ A
D
( KWh )
Trong :
A
MBA
: Tn tht in nng trn my bin p.
A
D
: Tn tht in nng trn ng dy.
T l tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti
in quc gia :
A = (A 100 )/A
N
b. Tn tht in nng trn my bin p.
A
MBA
=
max
P
k,MBA
+ T P
0,MBA
Trong :
max
: thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht.
P
k,MBA
: thi gian vn hnh trong nm ca my bin p.
T : tn tht c ti ca my bin p, tnh ton bng phn mm
PSS/E
P
0,MBA
: tn tht khng ti ca my bin p, tra theo ti liu ca nh sn
xut.
c. Tn tht in nng trn ng dy.
A
MBA
=
max
P
d dn
K
nhit
+ T P
vng quang
P
d dn
: tn tht cng sut ca ng dy dn, tnh ton bng phn
mm PSS/E.
T : thi gian vn hnh trong nm ca ng dy
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
33
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
P
vng quang
: tn tht cng sut ca ng dy do vng quang, tra theo ti
liu chuyn ngnh.
d. Thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht.
max
= n
( )
2
24
ax 1 m
P t
P
| |
|
\ .
}
dt
n : s ngy trong chu k tnh tn tht in nng.
P(t) : biu cng sut ngy in hnh ca chu k tnh ton
P
max
: cng sut tc dng cc i trong biu cng sut in hnh.
3. Trnh t tnh ton tn tht in nng tng lai thng qua s liu d bo.
a. S liu tnh ton.
S liu tnh ton tn tht bao gm :
Thng s k thut ca cc nh my in ang vn hnh.
Cc thay i lin quan n nh my in ang vn hnh trong chu k tnh
ton.
Tin v thng s k thut ca cc nh my in s vo vn hnh trong
chu k tnh ton.
Thng s k thut ca cc trm bin p v ng dy ang vn hnh.
Cc thay i lin quan n trm bin p v ng dy trong chu k tnh
ton.
Tin v thng s k thut ca cc trm bin p v ng dy s vo
vn hnh trong chu k tnh ton.
Ranh gii o m in nng.
D bo ph ti bao gm in nng, cng sut tc dng cc i, biu
cng sut ngy m in hnh ca cc tng cng ty in Lc v khch
hng s dng in u ni trc tip vo li truyn ti ti cc im u
ni.
K hoch huy ng ngun trong chu k tnh ton.
b. Trnh t tnh ton.
Lp file tnh ton ch xc lp bng phn mm PSS/E cho ch cc
i ca ngy in hnh trong chu k tnh ton.
Tnh tn tht c ti ca my bin p v tn tht cng sut ca dy dn
bng phn mm PSS/E cho li truyn ti 500 KV v 220 KV tr xung
ca cc cng ty truyn ti in.
Tnh tn tht khng ti ca my bin p v tn tht vng quang ca
ng dy.
Tnh thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht
max
ca li truyn ti 500 KV
v 220 KV tr xung ca cc cng ty truyn ti.
Tnh tn tht in nng khng ti v c taire ca my bin p.
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
34
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Tnh tn tht in nng ca dy dn v tn tht in nng vng quang ca
ng dy
Tnh tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 500 KV ca tng cng ty
truyn ti in quc gia.
Tnh tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti 220 KV tr xung ca cc
cng ty truyn ti in
Tnh tn tht in nng trn 220 KV ca tng cng ty truyn ti in
quc gia
Tnh tn tht in nng trn li truyn ti ca tng cng ty truyn ti
in quc gia (bao gm c li truyn ti 500 KV v 220 KV tr xung).
Sn lng in giao - nhn qua cc nm ti cng ty truyn ti in 1
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
35
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Sn lng in giao - nhn ti cng ty truyn ti in 1 nm 2005
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
36
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Sn lng in giao - nhn ti cng ty truyn ti in 1 nm 2006
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
37
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Sn lng in giao - nhn ti cng ty truyn ti in 1 nm 2007
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
38
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Sn lng in giao - nhn ti cng ty truyn ti in 1 nm 2008
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
39
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Sn lng in giao - nhn ti cng ty truyn ti in 1 nm 2009
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
40
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Sn lng in giao - nhn ti cng ty truyn ti in 1 nm 2010
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
41
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Chng III
Kt Lun
c s tn tnh ch bo ca c gio hng dn cng nh cc c ch, anh
ch trong cng ty truyn ti in 1, em hon thnh bn bo co ny, trong bn
bo co em trnh by v nhng khi nim, phn loi v cch tnh tn tht in
nng, bn cnh l cch tnh tn tht li in ti cng ty truyn ti in cng
nh 1 s tn tht thc t ti cng ty v bin php khc phc, di y l kin
ring ca em v vn tn tht in nng, hy vng cc thy c tham gia kin
ng gp em c th hon thin bi bo co.
xut gii php tn tht in nng ti cng ty truyn ti in 1:
Vic gim tn tht trn li in truyn ti chu tc ng ca rt nhiu yu t v
i hi nhiu bin php ng b. Cc bin php qun l, hnh chnh nhm gim
tn tht thng mi cn thc hin song song vi cc n lc gim tn tht k thut.
Cn c ca gii php.
Cn c thc trng tn tht in nng ca Cng ty Truyn ti in 1 hin rt
cao nm 2010 l 2,18% so vi ch tiu giao l 2,19%.
L trnh gim tn tht ca cng ty Truyn ti in 1 n nm 2015 l 1,82%.
Mc tiu ca gii php :
m bo t ch tiu tn tht theo l trnh tn tht in nng n nm 2015
l 1,82%.
Gim t l in nng do tn tht k thut, tn tht phi k thut.
Tng li nhun.
Ni dung ca gii php
C th lit k cc bin php chnh gim tn tht k thut trong li in truyn
ti nh sau:
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
42
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Ti u ha cc ch vn hnh li in.
Hn ch vn hnh khng i xng.
Gim chiu di ng dy, ci to nng tit din dy dn hoc gim bn knh
cp in ca cc trm bin p.
Lp t h thng t b cng sut phn khng m bo h s cng sut cos.
Tng dung lng cc my bin p chu ti nng, qu ti, la chn cc my bin
p t l tn tht tht thp, li thp lm bng vt liu thp tt.
Mt s cc bin php k thut cn thc hin trong giai on thit k quy
hoch hoc ci to, u t xy dng cng trnh. Tuy nhin, cc bin php k
thut p dng trong qu trnh vn hnh li l cc bin php thit thc v hiu
qu nht v thng gp nhiu kh khn. Chng hn, ph ti c c im bin
ng theo thi gian v tng ln theo khu vc, do dung lng thit b b
cng sut phn khng ti cc nt s lun thay i ch khng bt bin. Do vy
cn phi xc nh li cc v tr lp t v iu chnh lng cng sut b trn
li in khi cn thit. Vi v tr lp t v lng cng sut b ti u, c th
gim t 5% n 20% mc tn tht in nng. Vn hnh khng i xng nh
hng n t l tn tht nhng vic xc nh v phn tch cc phng n vn
hnh tm ra phng n ti u rt kh khn.
Ngoi vic gii quyt cc vn k thut nh phn tch phn b cng sut
phn khng, xc nh cc thnh phn sng hi, tnh ton ch vn hnh
khng i xng, gii php phn mm cn cho php tnh ton lp k hoch
gim tn tht trn c s ti u ha ch vn hnh li in. K hoch gim
tn tht in nng c th c xy dng t nhiu phng n k thut v theo
l trnh phn b theo thi gian. K hoch cng c th thay i cp nht ph
hp vi s bin ng ca ph ti hoc ngun in cung cp.
Vi cc chc nng kt hp nh gi v phn tch tin cy vn hnh ca li
in, phn mm l cng c h tr cng tc thit k, qun l vn hnh hin i
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
43
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
ang c s dng trn th gii. Cc gii php nh qun l s c (OMS-
Outage Management System), ng dng nn bn s (GIS) hay ht hp vi
h thng gim st iu khin v thu thp x l d liu (SCADA - Supervisory
Control And Data Acquisition) u c th ng dng cng vi phn mm. Nng
cao nng lc thng qua cc cng c hin i v ng b l mt trong nhng
hng i tch cc nhm t c mc tiu v qun l vn hnh li in
truyn ti. Gim tn tht in nng s vn l mc tiu quan trng ca cc cng
ty truyn ti in. Gii php phn mm phn tch li in truyn ti l mt
cng c mnh ang c khai thc s dng rt hiu qu ti nhiu cng ty
truyn ti trn th gii. Vic tip cn v lm ch cng ngh l bin php hiu
qu gip nng cao nng lc ca cc k s thit k v vn hnh li in.
C th lit k cc bin php chnh gim tn tht kinh doanh trong li in
truyn ti nh sau:
Nhm hn ch tn tht, cc n v vn hnh li in thuc Cng ty Truyn ti
in 1 thc hin cc gii php gim tn tht in nng ph hp vi tng khu
vc trn c s kt hp gia cc bin php qun l vi cc bin php k thut
v cc bin php kinh doanh. Cng ty Truyn ti in 1 cn ch o cc n v
thc hin nhiu gii php qun l k thut nhm chng s c, nht l sau cc
hin tng thin tai bt thng i vi cc ng dy 500kV v 220kV c
k hoch sa cha, ngn nga nguy c s c. Tng cng phi hp trong cng
tc vn hnh, hn ch dng ngn mch trn li. Tng cng cng tc kim
tra, qun l k thut, xut cc gii php vn hnh thit b bo m an ton,
ng thng s k thut, vn hnh hp l cc gin t b, cc nh hp b. Tip
tc theo di cc ch vn hnh cc MBA y ti hoc c hm lng kh chy
cao c k hoch x l.
Hiu qu d kin ca gii php.
Nng cao cht lng in nng.
Bo Co Thc Tp Qun L Trng i Hc in Lc
Khoa Qun L Nng Lng
44
Nguyn Hu Mnh
Lp : D2- Qun L Nng Lng
Gim tht thot in bt hp php, to cng bng cho cc khch hng s
dng in.
Tng doanh thu, tng li nhun.
Hon thnh ch tiu tn tht theo l trnh.
Tng bc nng cao i sng CBCNV nh tng li nhun.