STAT 312 MIDTERM #3 Study Guide

Comparison of Means from 2 Independent Groups (

(Day 1 Midterm #3, 10/31/2011)

Assumptions 1. Random Sample 2. N 30 or is normally distributed Test Distribution to Use

What am I given? Samples of data that is independent of each other. What can/do we do with this data? Compute a confidence interval for the difference of means. Sample Standard Deviation

t-distribution (Since the Pop. SD is

unknown) ( (

) )

Confidence Interval for ( )

Remember to always round down df!

Interpreting the Confidence Interval 1. If 2. If then we have evidence that then we have evidence that

3. If the interval includes 0, then neither the above statements hold. It is plausible that both groups may have the same mean GPA.

Comparison of Means from Paired Groups ( ) (Day 2 Midterm #3, 11/1/2011)

*Remember to always define !!!!! Assumptions 1. Random Sample 2. N 30 or is normally distributed Test Distribution to Use What am I given? Samples of data that is dependent on each other. What can/do we do with this data? Compute a confidence interval for the mean difference. Sample Standard Deviation

t-distribution (Since the Pop. SD is

unknown)

 Confidence Interval for About Assuming Normality If the dots are all roughly linear (in between the two curved lines), the data approximates normality. ( ) Prediction Interval for expected for the next sample.

Computes the

Hypothesis Test for

Assumptions 1. Random Sample ( )

(Day 3 Midterm #3 11/2/2011)

What am I given? Data taken from a sample of the population & possible info about a population you want to figure out. What can/do we do with this data? Conduct a hypothesis test to see whether it is likely an event will/will not occur. Steps:
( )

3. Sample Size less than 10% of population. Test Distribution to Use z-distribution Test Stat:

1. Define Parameter of Interest 2. Hypotheses of Interest (e.g. ) 3. Determine Level of Significance. 4. Collect Evidence 5. Interpret the P-Value (e.g.: If 50% of Americans
support the BBA, there is a .37% chance wed find a random sample of 500 Americans where 56% or more supported the BBA)

6. Conclusion (e.g. Reject Ho in favorite of HA)

7. Interpret Conclusion (e.g. There is sufficient

evidence to suggest that..)

Hypothesis Test for

Assumptions

(Day 4 Midterm #3 11/7/2011)

What am I given? Data taken from a sample of the population & possible info about a population you want to figure out. What can/do we do with this data? Conduct a hypothesis test to see whether it is likely an event will/will not occur. Steps:

1. Random Sample/Randomly Selected 2. N 30 or is normally distributed Test Distribution to Use

t-distribution (Since the Pop. SD is

unknown) Test Stat:

1. Define Parameter of Interest (Packages example: Let packages) 2. Hypotheses of Interest (e.g. be the mean weight of all 16-oz

Things to consider

) Next Steps summarized: E.g. If Ho is true, how

For one-tailed test [GREATER THAN/LESS THAN] (

likely is it that we would obtain a random sample of 100 packages with mean 16.25 or more? ( ) 3. Interpretation of P-Value: There is a % chance that we would obtain a random sample of size 100 where sample mean was 16.25 oz. or greater if the mean weight of all packages was 16 oz. We reject the claim that of . in favor

P-value = Area to Right of T Stat

For two-tailed test ( [DIFFERENT]

P-value = 2(Area to Right of T Stat)

4. Conclusion: We reject the null in favor of the alternative. 5. Interpretation of the Conclusion: We have evidence to suggest that the mean weight of all packages labeled 16 oz is actually greater than 16 oz.

Hypothesis Test for

Assumptions 1. Random Sample/Randomly Selected for each sample. 2. N 30 or is normally distributed for each sample. Test Distribution to Use

(Day 5 Midterm #3 11/8/2011)

What am I given? Independent data taken from a population. What can/do we do with this data? Conduct a hypothesis test to see whether there is a difference between the two means. Steps: 1. Define Parameters of Interest.
( ) (

t-distribution (Since the Pop. SD is

unknown) Test Stat:
)

2. Hypotheses of Interest: Usually, hypothesis of interest look like:

Usually assume ( ( (

) ) )

(or greater than or less than) *Note: If consequence of both errors is insignificant, use =.05.

Things to consider

For one-tailed test [GREATER THAN/LESS THAN] (

P-value = Area to Right of T Stat

For two-tailed test ( [DIFFERENT]

P-value = 2(Area to Right of T Stat)

Hypothesis Test for

(Day 5 and 6 Midterm #3 11/8/2011)

Assumptions 1. Random Sample/Randomly Selected for each sample. 2. N 30 or is normally distributed for each sample. Test Distribution to Use

What am I given? Dependent/Paired data taken from a population. What can/do we do with this data? Conduct a hypothesis test to see whether the mean difference is not equal to/greater than/lesser than 0 (if there is a net change!) Steps:

t-distribution (Since the Pop. SD is

unknown) Test Stat:

1. Define Parameter of Interest. *Remember to always define !!!!! Make it the =0. bigger-smaller always! 2. Hypotheses of Interest: Usually, hypothesis of interest look like:

Usually assume

Things to consider

For one-tailed test [GREATER THAN/LESS THAN] (

P-value = Area to Right of T Stat

For two-tailed test ( [DIFFERENT]

P-value = 2(Area to Right of T Stat)

(or not equal to or less than) *Note: If consequence of both errors is insignificant, use =.05. Conclusion Example Reject the null in favor of the alternative. Interpretation of Conclusion Example There is sufficient to suggest that the exercise program increases productivity.
What am I given? Data taken from a population that relies on different brands. N total samples and k total brands. What can/do we do with this data? Test to see whether using a different brand has an effect on the average observed results compared to others. Steps:

ANOVA Testing
Assumptions

(Day 7 and 8 Midterm #3 11/8/2011)

1. Random Sample/Randomly Selected 2. Population variances of all groups are equal (Unverifiable) 3. Each population follows a normal distribution. Relevant Equations Grand Mean: ( ) ( ) ( )

1. Define Parameters of Interest. 2. Hypotheses of Interest:

Variation Between Groups:

HA: At least one of the above is not true. Or at least one of the means is different.

( df = k -1

) (

( )

Variation Within Groups SSE = ( ( ) df = n k Total Variation SST = SSTr + SSE df = n-1 Mean Variation Between Groups MSTr = Mean Variation Within Groups MSE = F-Statistic (Test Stastic) for FDistribution Df1 = k-1 Df2 = n-k Area to the right = p-value. ) ( )

Example Conclusion: Reject the Null (Resistances are equal despite temperature) Interpretation: Temperature is a significant factor in resistance level. The mean resistance of the 3 groups is not all equal. **Know how to determine which one is not equal using Confidence intervals and boxplots!** ANOVA Table: df k-1 SS SSTr SSE SST MS MSTr MSE F

Factor

Treatment n-k Total n-1