Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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B GIO DC V O TO
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BI TIU LUN
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CH TH SINH HC MI TRNG
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S dng to lm sinh vt ch th
trong nghin cu nh gi mi trng nc
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Mc lc
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29I.Khi nim nc b ph dng:......................................................................................................3
30II.Nguyn nhn gy ph dng:......................................................................................................3
31III.c im ca to.........................................................................................................................4
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III.1S pht trin ni tip nhau ca To..............................................................................4
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III.2Tc pht trin ca cc nhm to..............................................................................5
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III.3nh hng ca cc yu t dinh dng ln s pht trin ca To................................6
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III.4T l N:P v to Lam....................................................................................................7
36IV.Cch thc s dng to lm ch th sinh hc cho mi trng nc b ph dng.......................8
37V.ng dng...................................................................................................................................12
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41 I. Khi nim nc b ph dng:
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73III. c im ca to
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III.1 S pht trin ni tip nhau ca To.
Theo nghin cu ca Lewis (nm 1978) trn sng Lanao Philippines thy
76rng, khi mi trng dinh dng thp, thng thng to Khu v lp to Gip trn
77pht trin trc tin. Khi cht dinh dng tng, tip ni s l to Lc n to Lam
78v sao l to Gip hai roi.
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Theo nghin cu ca Sze ( 1981), trn sng Potomac, qun th to pht trin
81dc theo dng chy, to Khu c kch thc nh vi tc sinh trng nhanh pht
82trin u ngun ni c dng chy mnh c t cht dinh dng, k tip chng
83c thay th bi nhm to c tc sinh trng chm hn l to Khu c kch
84thc ln hn v to Lc, cui cng ni c dng chy chm mang nhiu cht dinh
85dng th To Lam pht trin. Th nghim ng tm s trn b t ngoi tri cng
86cho thy trong sut 30 ngy s pht trin ca to theo trnh t to Khu, to lc sau
87cng l to Lam. To Khu pht trin t ngy th 1 v t cc i ngy th 5 sau
88 gim dn v thp nht ngy th 9 ko di v sau; tip l s pht trin mnh
89ca to Lc, chng t cc i ngy th 8-9, qun th to sau c thay th
90bi to Lam sinh lng ca chng t cc i ngy th 10-11. ng thi th
91nghim trn cng cho thy hm lng ammonia v nitrite thp t ban u v c
92chiu hng tng dn v cui th nghim.
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III.2 Tc pht trin ca cc nhm to.
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Theo ng Hoogenhuot & Amesz (1965); Reynolds (1984) tc pht trin
95ca to Lam lun km hn cc nhm to khc. nhit 200C, nh sang bo ha,
96trong mt ngy, phn ln to Lam c h s phn i t 0,3-1,4, trong khi to
97Khu l 0,8-1,9 v to Lc n bo l 1,3-2,3.
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Vi tc pht trin chm nn to Lam thng n hoa sau cc nhm to
99khc. Theo Reynolds(1997), vic hiu r v xc nh tc pht trin ca cc
100nhm to c bit l nhm to Lam vi cc iu kin thc nghim khc nhau th
101rt hu ch cho gii php kim sot s pht trin ca nhm ny.
14Sinh vin thc hin: on Th Hng_ Lp LT3MT
Xanh m
Nu m
Vng nu
Vng t
Trong
c ph sa
204tng nhanh sinh khi. Khi v m s lng to cht nhiu, s phn hy ca chng
205s lm tng mc tiu hao oxy, tc s lm nhim nc nc ao)
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+ Mu nu : do cc cht mn hu c. (Khi mu nc ao chuyn sang dng
207ny th cn tin hnh ht bn y ao).
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+ Mu vng gch: do c nhiu st. Mu xm, xanh en: do nc thi sinh
209hot v nc thi cng nghip. (Loi nc ny nu dng nui c th qu trnh x l
210s lm chi ph tng cao)
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Ch : Nu ao c mu xanh qu m do to th phi ngng bn phn hay thay
212nc.
+ Hin tng thy triu (red tide) v hin tng n hoa nc (water
214bloom) thng lm cho cc Ao nui thy sn tht thu hay lm gim cht lng
215thy sn , c bit l cc c t c tnh cht tch ly trong c th vt nui.
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218Mi e da ca khu h ng - thc vt nc
Thy triu (red tide), hin tng n hoa nc (water bloom) l thut ng
220ch s n hoa ca cc loi vi to. y l hin tng t nhin xy ra do mt t
221bo vi to gia tng ln n hng triu t bo/lt (thng thng c khong 10 - 100
222t bo vi to/ml, nhng trong trng hp n hoa mt c th ln trn 10.000 t
223bo/ml) lm bin i mu ca nc bin t xanh lc m, cho n vng xm
224(ngi dn ven bin thng gi l nc cm, nc mn ca).
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Hin tng thy triu c lin quan cht ch ti s ph dng ca thy vc.
226Nguyn nhn ca hin tng trn c lin quan n cc yu t mi trng nh:
227nhit , mn v hm lng mui dinh dng cng nh cc trng kh - thy
228vn. Ngoi ra, cc cht thi t hot ng ca con ngi nh nui trng thy sn
229thiu quy hoch, s pht trin ca cc nh my ch bin thy sn, ha cht cng
230l mt trong cc nguyn nhn dn n s hnh thnh Thy triu . Hu ht cc
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