Faculty of Engineering Ain Shams University 2010/2011

3rd year Mechatronics Ind. Electron. & Appl. Sheet 5a

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1) Answer the following questions. a) Enumerate different applications for dc/dc converters? b) What are the major differences between buck and boost dc/dc converters? c) What is the common operating principle between buck and boost dc/dc converters? d) State the simplifying assumptions that are considered in the switching analysis of dc/dc converters at steady state. e) Explain the volt-second principle as applied to dc/dc converters. f) Why is it good practice to avoid discontinuous conduction mode of operation if the power of dc/dc converter is above few tens of watts? g) Show that a dc/dc bidirectional converter can be realized from buck and boost dc/dc converters. k) Unlike buck dc/dc converter, designing a voltage controller for the boost converter is difficult. Why? h) Explain the voltage and current control modes for dc/dc converters. 3) In a buck dc/dc converter, L = 50 H. It is operating in steady state under the following conditions: Vin = 40 V, D = 0.3, Po = 24 W, and fs = 200 kHz. Assume ideal components. a) Calculate and draw the waveforms for the variables in figure 1 for this buck converter. b) Calculate the average capacitor current and the average inductor voltage. c) If Po = 15 W and all else is unchanged, compare the ripple in the inductor current with that in problem (3.a). d) In this buck converter, the output power Po is changing. Calculate the critical value of the output power below which the converter will enter the discontinuous conduction mode of operation. Draw the inductor voltage and current at that load level. e) Calculate the critical value of the inductance L below which this Buck converter will enter the discontinuous conduction mode at Po = 5W. f) In this buck converter, the input voltage is varying in a range from 24 V to 50 V. For each input value, the duty ratio is adjusted to keep the output voltage constant at its nominal value (with Vin = 40 W and D = 0.3). Calculate the minimum value of the inductance L that will keep the converter in the continuous conduction mode at Po = 5 W under all input voltage values. 4) Design a low-pass filter for a 50 W, 100 kHz buck dc/dc converter has an input voltage of 12 V. The required output voltage is Vo = 5V with maximum peak to peak ripple of 20 mV. What is the effect of increasing the switching frequency to 200 kHz on the filter size? Support your answer using numerical values.

5) In a Boost dc/dc converter, L = 50 H. It is operating in steady state under the following conditions: Vin = 12 V, D = 0.4, Po = 30 W, and fs = 200 kHz. Assume ideal components. a) Calculate and draw the waveforms for the variables in figure 2 for this boost converter. b) Calculate the average capacitor current and the average inductor voltage. c) If Po = 15 W and all else is unchanged, compare the ripple in the inductor current with that in problem (5.a). d) In this boost converter, the output power Po is changing. Calculate the critical value of the output power below which the converter will enter the discontinuous conduction mode of operation. Draw the inductor voltage and current at that load level. 1

e) Calculate the critical value of the inductance L below which this boost converter will enter the discontinuous conduction mode at Po = 5 W. f) In this buck converter, the input voltage is varying in a range from 9 V to 15 V. For each input value, the duty ratio is adjusted to keep the output voltage constant at its nominal value (with Vin = 12 W and D = 0.4). Calculate the minimum value of the inductance L that will keep the converter in the continuous conduction mode at Po = 5 W under all input voltage value. 6) Design a low-pass filter for a 500 W, 25 kHz boost dc/dc converter has an input voltage of 12 V. The required output voltage is Vo = 42V with maximum peak to peak ripple of 0.5 V. What is the effect of increasing the switching frequency to 50 kHz on the filter size? Support your answer using numerical values. 7) The dc/dc bidirectional converter of figure 3 interfaces a 12/14 V battery with a 36/42 V battery bank. The internal emfs are E1 = 40 V (dc) and E2 =13 V (dc). Both these battery source have an internal resistance of 0.1 each. In the dc steady state, calculate the power pole duty-ratio D if (a) the power into the low voltage battery terminals is 140 W, and (b) the power out of the lowvoltage battery terminals is 140W.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Battery 1 +

I1

L r1 E1 _ V1 + V2 I2

Battery 2

r2 E2

Best Wishes Dr. O. S. Ebrahim Eng. M. Ezzat

Figure 3