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VINH XUN

12A

1. T l thc gia I v f :
a) Trong mch ch cha cun dy thun cm L :
Cho on mch ch cha cun dy thun cm L , t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu c tn s thay
i c. Ti gi tr f1 o c cng dng in hiu dng I1, vy nu thay i tn s n gi tr f2 th I2 . Tm
mi lin h gia cc i lng I, f trn .
U
U
U
U
=
=
-Ta c : + I 1 =
+ I2 =
Z L1
2. f 1 .L
Z L2
2. f 2 .L

I1
2. f 2 .L
I1
f .
=
= 2 .

I2
2. f 1 L
I2
f1
b) Trong on mch ch cha t in C :
Cho on mch ch cha t in C , t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu c tn s thay i c. Ti
gi tr f1 o c cng dng in hiu dng I1, vy nu thay i tn s n gi tr f2 th I2 .Tm mi lin h gia
cc i lng I, f trn .
Lp t, ta c :

U
1 2 . f1.C I1 U .2 . f1.C
=
U I 2 U .2 . f 2 .C
I2 =
1 2 . f 2 .C
I1 =

- Ta c:

I1
f .
= 1
I2
f2

2. Dng vng trn lng gic gii nhanh bi ton n sng ti v xc nh gi tr u, i tc thi.
a) Thi gian n sng trong mt chu k T:
- tnh nhanh khi gii ton v dng vng lng gic tm t , ti ch ng a ra mt
s cng thc tnh nhanh vi nhng v tr c bit trn cung lng gic.
M2
M1
A
A
A
T

i t: 0
(ngc li) t =
i t:
(ngc li) t =T/4
2
12
2
2

A
T
i t: 0 A ( ngc li) t = T/4
i t: A ( ngc li) t =
-A
2
6
+A
A
i t : 0
(ngc li) t =
2
T
8
- T trn, ta nhn
thy thi gian i trn vng lng gic s t l vi gc qut: l gc qut c trong thi gian t .Vi T l
chu k.
- = / 2 t = T/2.
+ = /4 t = T/ 8.
+ = /3 T/6. + = / 6 T/12.
Cch gii bi ton thng dng nht l: Xt trong T/4 ri suy ra c thi gian sng , ti trong 1T hay 1T/2 .S i vo
tng v d c th minh ho c r rng hn.

-u0

u0/2 u0
o

220 2 V v tn
ca n khng nh
mi na chu k l:
Gii

V d 1: Mt n ng c t di in p xoay chiu c dng u =100 cos( 100 .t )

(V).n s tt nu in p tc thi t vo hai u mch c gi tr u 50 V. Khong thi
gian n tt trong mt chu k l:
Gii
- tm thi gian n tt trong mt chu k T,ta ch cn xt trong T/4 ri tm ttt thi
gian n tt trong mt chu k : t = 4.t (s).
-Theo , ta c : u 50 = U0/ 2 .Vy trong khi in p i t 0 U0/2 n s tt.
Suy ra thi gian i t 0 U0/2 l t = T/12 l khong thi gian n tt trong 1T/4.
1
T
1
Do : trong mt chu k, thi gian n tt l : t = 4.t =
=
=
s.
3
f
3
150
V d 2: Mt n neon c t di in p xoay chiu c bin
s 50 Hz. Bit n sng khi
in p tc thi trong gia hai cc
hn 110 2 V. T s gia thi gian n sng v n tt trong
u/
0 2

-u0

+ u0
/6

ng bao gi mt kin nhn l cha kho cui cng m mi cnh ca !

M

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VINH XUN
12A
- Xt trong chu k : tnh thi gian n sng ta s tnh thi gian n tt ri suy ra thi gian n sng : tsng = T/4
ttt .
- Theo th n s tt nu u 110 2 =U0/2. Vy ta phi tm c thi gian in p i t 0 n v tr +U0/ 2 l: t
tt = T/12 trong na chu k ttt = 2t = T/ 6.
- T suy ra : thi gian n sng trong T/2 l : tsng = T/2- T/6 = T/3.
tS T / 3
=
=2 .
Vy t s thi gian n sng v n tt trong mt na chu k l :
tT T / 6
b) Xc nh v tr (suy ra gi tr tc thi) ca u,i :
-Cho mch in xoay chiu t vo hai u mt on mch. Ti thi im t1 th gi tr tc thi ca u (hay i) l u1(hay
i1)v cho bit chiu bin thin (tng hay gim ca in p u or i ). Hi nu ti thi im t2 = t1+ t th gi tr tc thi
u( hay i) lc l bao nhiu ?
- Trc tin phi xc nh c v tr ca u (hay i) ti thi im t1 nh cho gi tr (hay u1) v km vi iu
kin ca chiu tng hay gim ca u (or i).
- Sau xt t c lin quan th no vi chu k T( thng th t c gi tr c bit nh T/2, T/4, T/6, T/12, T/
2 ).
- Ri xt trong t th u(i ) qut c mt gc l bao nhiu? (cc gi tr t ng vi gc qut gii thiu
phn trn (2.a).Di y l cc v d c th.
V d 1: Biu thc in p xoay chiu gia 2 u on mch l u = 200 cos( .t +) (V). Ti thi im t1 no
,
in p tc thi u = 100V v ang gim. Ti thi im t2 sau t1 ng chu k th in p u
c gi tr l :
Gii
M1
100
1
= ) .M ti t1 th u
-Ban u u v tr M1 hoc M1 vi gc 1 = /3 (v cos =
M2
200
2
2
/3
ang hng theo chiu gim u1 v tr M1 (ch khng phi M1).Ch l chiu chuyn
ng ca u (cng nh i ) l chiu + c vng lng gic.
-Sau t l T/4 th u qut mt gc /2 . T vng lng gic d dng suy ra c 2 =
M1
- /6.

u
u = -100 3 V ( v u
Vy ti t2 th cng dng in tc thi l : cos(
)=
6
200
pha m).
V d 2: Cng dng in tc thi chy qua mt on mch xoay chiu i = 4 cos( 20 .t ) (A). Ti thi im t1
s no cng dng in ang gim v c gi tr tc thi i = -2A. n thi im t2 = t1 + 0,025 s th cng
dng in c gi tr l :
- Ta c: T = 1/10 = 0,1s ; t = 0,025 s = T/4.
M1
Tm v tr ti t1 ca i : ta c i = -2 = / 3 (v ln). Khi i1 c th ti M1
hoc M1, m i ang gim (tc i1= -2 tin v pha I0). Suy ra i1 ti v tr M1.
+ Ti t2 sau mt lng t l T/4 th i qut c gc /2 v vt ti v tr M2 (ch
chiu chuyn ng ca i theo chiu + vng lng gic ).
-4
-2
+4
+D thy t vng lng gic suy ra c 2 = /6 . Suy ra gi tr i ti thi im t2
O
l:
M2
i
M1
cos = i = 2 3 A ( u<0 v u v pha m).
6 4
3. Bi ton hai thnh phn lch pha /2 :
a) Hai in p lch pha nhau l /2 :
- Cho on mch RLC mc ni tip c in p thnh phn. Bit U1 lch pha /2 so vi U2 , bit 1, 2 ln lt l gc
lch pha ca U1, U2 so vi cng dng in i. Tm mi lin h gia 1, 2 p dng trong gii ton.
Hng dn : + h thc1: tan1.tan2 = -1 .
b) lch pha gia u v i l /2 :
- Ta c biu thc ca u, i : u = U 0 cos( .t +) i = I 0 cos( .t + / 2) = I0.sin(t +) (v u, i lch pha
/2 ).

I 0. cos 2 (.t + ) U 0 . sin 2 (.t + )

i2 u2
+
= cos 2 (.t + ) + sin 2 (.t + ) = 1 .
Xt biu thc : 2 + 2 =
2
2
I0 U0
I0
U0
i2
u2
+
=1
Hay h thc 2 :
I 02 U 02
V d 1: Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v :
ng bao gi mt kin nhn l cha kho cui cng m mi cnh ca !
A

L,r
M

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2.10 4
Bit R= 50 , C =
F , u AM = 100 sin( 100 .t + ) V.
2

v u MB = 200 cos( 100 .t +

Gii
- Ta c : R= 50 , ZC = 50 .
- V u AM = 100 sin( 100 .t +
Do : tanAM.tanMB = -1

VINH XUN

12A

) V. Tm gi tr ca r v L.

) = 100 cos( 100 .t )

uAM v uMB lch pha nhau /2 .

ZC Z L
Z 50

= 1 L = 1 Z L = r .
R
r
r 50
2

Z AM = R 2 + Z C = 50 2

- Tng tr ca on AM :

U 0 AM
100
I0 =
=
= 2 A.
Cng dng in qua mch l :
Z AM
50 2
U 0 MB
200
=
= 100 2 .
Suy ra tng tr ca on MB l : Z MB =
I0
2
Vy gi tr r v L ca cun dy l :
Z
1
H.
Z BM = r 2 + Z L2 = r 2 r = Z L = 100 . L = L =

V d 2: - Cho on mch RLC mc ni tip c cun dy thun cm. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay
chiu u = U 0 cos( .t ) V. Bit in p hiu dng hai u t UC = 45V v hai u cun dy thun l UL = 80
V.
in p uRL lch pha so vi uRC l 900 . Tm gi tr in p hiu dng hai u UR.
Gii
- V uRL lch pha 900 so vi uRC nn ta c: tanRL.tanRC = -1

U L UC

= 1 R = U LU C = 45.80 = 60 V.
R
R

Vy in p hiu dng hai u in tr R l : 60 V.

V d 3: t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu c tn s 50 Hz. Ti thi im t1 th in p tc thi l
u1 = 60 6 V v cng tc thi i1 = 2 A; ti thi im t2 th u2 = 60 2 V v i2 = 6 A. Bit gc lch pha
gia u v i l /2 .Hy vit biu thc cng dng in v biu thc in p hai u on mch bit i tr pha hn
so vi u v ti thi im ban u th i cc i.
Gii
- V cng dng in tc thi lch pha /2 so vi in p. Nn ta c :
2

+ti thi im t1 :

i1
u
+ 12 = 1
2
I0 U0

+ti thi im t1 :

i2
u
+ 22 = 1 .
2
I0 U0

. t : X =

1
1
, Y = 2 khi ta c h l :
2
I0
U0

1
2 X=
2X + .6 6 Y 0= 1 2 8 8 0 0 U 0 = 2 8 8 =0 10 2 02

2
I 0= 8 = 2 2
6X + .2 6 Y 0= 1 1
Y=
8

- Ti thi im ban u (t = 0) th i cc i pha ban u i = 0. vy biu thc cng dng in v in p l:

u =120 2 cos(100t +/2 ) V { v u sm pha hn i 1 gc /2 ).
i =2 2 cos(100t) A
ng bao gi mt kin nhn l cha kho cui cng m mi cnh ca !

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VINH XUN

ng bao gi mt kin nhn l cha kho cui cng m mi cnh ca !

12A

www.daykemquynhon.ucoz.com

VINH XUN

ng bao gi mt kin nhn l cha kho cui cng m mi cnh ca !

12A