Mnh c mt vi kin v cch thit k mch n giao thng ca nhh nh th ny: Tt nhin l chn PORT iu khin nh th no cng c, nhng

g theo mnh, khi thit k mt ng dng, cn tm cch thit k l ti u. Do PIC16F877A c tch hp kh nhiu chc nng ngoi chc nng I/O thng thng, nn vic la chn PORT iu khin cng nn cn nhc. Mnh nu ln mt s im nh sau: PORT C ca PIC16F877A ngoi chc nng I/O l cc chc nng CCP v giao tip ni tip (SPI, I2C,... ). Nu nhh chn PORT ny lm PORT iu khin cc chn a-g ca cc LED th cc chc nng on-chip nu trn s khng tng tc c na. PORT D ngoi chc nng I/O l chc nng PSP (Parallel Slave Port). Chc nng giao tip ny t c s dng do s lng chn cn cho giao tip kh ln (8 chn PORT D v 3 chn PORT E), nhng nhh s dng 3 chn bt n giao thng. Nh vy chc nng ny cng b mt lun. C th ni ta ph phm 3 chc nng on-chip ca PIC16F877A. Tt nhin l trong ng dng ca nhh ta cha cn quan tm n vn ny, nhng mnh cng mun nu ln anh em cng tho lun. Theo mnh th nn sa li nh th ny: Cc chn data ca Led 7 on, mnh s a vo PORT D. Cc chn iu khin n giao thng v qut LED s a vo PORT B lun. Nh vy ta c th tit kim c cc chc nng CCP v giao tip PORT C, ci mt i ch l ci t ng ti PSP, cn ngt PORT B th vn cn vi chn. Trong cc ng dng ca mnh c dnh ti LED 7 on, mnh cng b tr cc chn iu khin nh vy. V chng trnh cng s khng c thay i ln. Bn nn "#define ..." cc chn v PORT iu khin. Nh vy khi cn thay i chn iu khin, ta ch cn thay i ci phn define m khng cn phi sa li trong ton b chng trnh. Hn na chng trnh khi c cng s thn thin v d hiu hn. Mt vi kin gp vui nh vy. Anh em thy th no. C th bn cha bit! Mt s kiu thit k tit kim chn MCU! Bn phm l 1 chc nng khng th thiu trong vic thit k mch. Mt s mch,nu dng ht chn vo/ra ca MCU m vn ko cho ng dng ca mnh. Vy lm sao? kim 1 con MCU nhiu cng I/O hay ghp nhiu con.. hay v vn cch khc. Tuy nhin trc khi tm n gii php , bn nn li t pht. C th gii php ca ti a ra c th gip ch c cho bn trong mt s trng hp. Cc mch ny ti tng lm v chy kh tt. Tit kim chn nu mch qut Led7T+bt phm. Mch 1: Led7T v 4 phm n. Ch mt: 8 chn data, 4 chn iu khin,1 chn c phm. Tng mt:8+4+1=13 chn.

Lm nh trn mch ca bn s c tnh nng: D liu mm do, tit kim IC gii m 7T kiu-Bn hon ton c th hin th:0-9, ngoi ra bn c th hin th ln mt s ch nh:A,B,C,..G,g,n,U,u... trn ci mt LED cn con . Vy li ch r: bn tit kim c IC gii m, mm do hn trong hin th, c th bt 4 phm, tt nhin c th pht trin thnh 8, 16, thm ch hn na, m khng tn thm 1 chn no dnh cho vic qut phm(ln sau). Vic bt phm v cng n gin. Gi s bn qut n LED th i(i=1->4), bn c trng thi chn Keyboard. if(Keyboard) { //Phm th i c n //Bn c th dng thm m lnh chng rung }

http://dientuvietnam.net/forums/kien-thuc-chung-ve-chip-kha-trinh-52/mot-so-kieu-thietke-tiet-kiem-chan-vi-dieu-khien-5/
tng vit chng trnh cho ci ny nh sau: Cc chn a > g ca led 7 on ni chung d liu v ni n PortD ,cc chn cathode ni n PortB,... > Khi to cc chn I/O,ngt TMR0 1s > Qut 6 LED,kim tra c bt Switch chnh thi gian?Nu c th tt ngt ton cc,chnh xong set c GIE v quay li qut LED,ch ngt Khi c ngt > Tng m LED1 ln 1,kim tra xem > 9 ?Cha th thot ngt,ri th xa m LED1 v 0,tng m LED2 thm 1 > Kim tra m LED2 >6 ?Cha th thot ngt,ri th xa m LED2 v 0,tng m LED2 thm 1 > Tip cho LED3,4,5 > Kim tra m LED6 = 2 & m LED5 > 4 ?Cha th thot ngt,ri th xa m LED5,6 v thot ngt. Vit nh th ny th hi rc ri v phc tp,va di,va dai li va d,qu nhiu nhc im lun: 1.Do call,ngt,...nu khng cn thn khi vo ngt d b trn Stack th i tong ngay (Ban u mnh m phng Pro th ton hin 0,coi li code m mt m khng pht hin sai u c,nhy sang dng PIC Sim th b bo trn Stack m m lun!P tay!) 2.Ngt TMR0 bn trn ch rt rt gn 1s,c th m thm dng delay b vo giy 60,nhng do lm bing tnh,mnh no b! 3.Cn thn vi ORG dnh cho d liu bng,khi chng trnh di c th chng d liu ln vng ny th cng i tong lun 4.Khi dng bng tra di hn 255,bng t 2 page khc nhau,...cn thay i cch tra,c th nn xem trong tutorial K thut bng. He he...!ng h thi gian thc chng ma no di m lm nh th ny c....Ch mi ci ny m lon c ln th qua my ci module phc tp khc,chc ngm khi vit bng ASM qu!

Trn y l nhng g mnh vot c, mod Chnh kin th no?Chia s kinh nghim cho b con t ! Checklist di y c ti lc dch t piclist v cp nht mt s thng tin thch hp cho ngi dng Vit Nam. Nhng thng tin ny rt c ch cho ngi hc PIC, ch yu l ngi mi hc, nhng khng loi tr nhng ngi c kinh nghim dng PIC lu nm. Nhiu ngi dng lu nm vn cha bit n s tn ti ca piclist v th vin m ngun cng cc thng tin hu ch ca n. Nu code ca bn khng chy, hy kim tra cc mc 9 - 17. 1. Bit n s tn ti ca www.piclist.com (th vin m ngun rt ln, cng cc thng tin hu ch). 2. Chn mt PIC bt u. Ti VN vo thi im ny, nn chn PIC16F886 c th hc mi th ca dng PIC tm trung, m khng tn qu nhiu tin. Sau , hy chn mt PIC18 c nhiu tnh nng nng cao (chn PIC18F2331 nu thin v iu khin ng c, cc hng khc nn chn PIC18F2550). 3. Khng ng vo chn ca PIC tr khi bn ni t bn thn, v l do tnh in. 4. Tm mt mch np thch hp, h tr PIC ca bn. Cc mch np n gin c gii thiu y: http://namqn.byethost7.com/uC.php hon ton h tr cc PIC nu trn. 5. ng bt bo v code giai on (mi hc) ny. 6. Chu kh c ti liu: datasheet cho PIC ang c dng (www.microchip.com), cc tutorial c bn cho PIC. 7. Chn mt ngn ng lp trnh: hp ng, Pascal, Basic, C/C++, Java, ... Nhiu trnh dch ngn ng cp cao hin nay c cc phin bn min ph (demo, gii hn chc nng, phin bn cho sinh vin, ...). 8. Bt u bng mt bi tp rt n gin nh bt LED khi cng tc ng, v pht trin t y khi code chy tt. 9. ng th ni ng vo, ko ln hoc ko xung cc ng vo bng mt in tr 10 k chng hn. 10. m bo thit lp ng cc thanh ghi TRISx. 11. Chng ny cho cc phm/cng tc. 12. Chn RA4 ca hu ht cc PIC thuc loi "cc mng h", xut logic '1' th cn phi ko chn ny ln VDD bng mt in tr 500 ohm n vi k. 13. Tt WDT nu khng dng. 14. Kim tra xem chn MCLR c ni vo VDD (qua mt in tr khong 10 k) hay cha. 15. Ni ngun tng ng tt c chn VDD v VSS ca PIC, v m bo gia mi cp

chn VDD v VSS gn nhau u c mt t ceramic 100 nF t gn cc chn ny n mc c th. 16. m bo cc bit thit lp dao ng l ph hp cho kiu mch/b dao ng ca bn. 17. Ni mt in tr khong 4,7 k t chn PGM (ca cc PIC c kh nng np chng trnh in p thp-LVP) n VSS, trong trng hp PIC cha qua s dng, hoc ch LVP ang c s dng. 18. Code mu cho hu ht cc ng dng ph bin c ti www.piclist.com/faq 19. Nu code ca bn khng lm vic tt: Gt ton b chng trnh sang mt bn, tm cch vit mt on code nh v lm cho n chy tt. Sau thm vo tng phn cn li ca code ban u, kim tra v g ri tng phn, cho n khi ton b chng trnh ca bn lm vic tt. Ch thch mi v mi dng code v chc nng ca n, v kim tra li vi datasheet. Thn, void ht(long a) { int nghin,tram,chuc,dvi; nghin=(int)a/1000; tram=(int)(a%1000)/100; chuc=(int)(a%100)/10; dvi=(int)(a%10); lcd_putchar(nghin+48); lcd_putchar(tram+48); lcd_putchar(chuc+48); lcd_putchar(dvi+48); }

mt thc t l, cc nh thit k, cc bn sinh vin, ... khi tip cn vi h thng sn phm ca Microchip, u ngh ngay n PIC16F877A, PIC16F887, PIC18F458, PIC18F4550, dsPIC30F4011, ... nhng dng chip thng dng, v em gi thnh ca nhng chip so snh vi AVR. Thc ra, h thng sn phm ca Microchip rt a dng. Ty theo ng dng c th, nh thit k c th chn cho mnh vi iu khin ph hp. V d: bn cn 1 con chip 28 chn, ch cn cc chc nng IO v Timer, bn khng nn chn PIC16F876A, hay PIC16F886, ... Bn nn chn PIC16F57, c l gi ca n s lm bn bt ng. http://microchipdirect.com/productse...words=pic16f57 USD 0.59/pc cho s lng 10000pcs. Chc l gi ny r hn AVR bn nh. Vi s lng ln th khng c ch no c gi tt hn R&P. Nu bn cn thm ngoi vi, thm b nh chng trnh, b nh d liu, bn ln lt tnh n kh nng s dng cc chip:

PIC16F72>>PIC16F722>>PIC16F723>>737>>913>>873>>16F 76>>726>>767>>916>> v cui cng l PIC16F876,886. Cng cn nhiu ngoi vi, b nh chng trnh, b nh d liu, ... th gi thnh chip cng cao. Tng t i vi cc dng PIC18, PIC24, dsPIC v PIC33. 40 chn th sao? Bn bt u t PIC16F59 (ch c IO, timer 0, khng c ngt). Bn khng nn chn kiu chn DIP, gi thnh s mc hn kiu chn SOIC, TQFP, ... Bn khng nn chn PIC16F876A/877A. Bn nn chn PIC16F886/887. Gi thnh ch cn mt na. Bn khng nn chn PIC18F452, m nn chn PIC18F4520. V PIC18F4520 l phin bn mi hn. Bn cn dng iu khin ng c? Nn chn PIC16F767/737 thay v PIC16F886/876A. Vn vn v vn vn. Nu c thi gian, v nu bn Tp HCM, vui lng gh qua R&P, mnh s cng tho lun lm sao chn 1 con chip ph hp. Mnh tin l s c cc thng tin b ch dnh cho bn. Thn.

Trnh bin dch cho bit khng tm thy tp tin "lcd_lib_4bit.c" m bn mun gp vo chng trnh c bin dch. Nu bn t tp tin th mc cha project th nn chuyn dng thnh #include "lcd_lib_4bit.c" (dng "" ch khng dng <>).