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AVG Vehicle Introduction:

Today for transportation of goods in industry manually operated trolleys are used.These trolleys have to be pushed manually by the helper on the shop floor to move heavy goods form stores to assembly line. Aim of Project: With the help of our system the goods can be transported within the shop automatically. The helper has to just load and unload the trolley. So as the trolley is atomized it can carry tones of load and drive it safely. This is nothing but AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLE Brief history: Automatic Guided Vehicle Systems are one of the most exciting and dynamic areas in material handling today. But AGVS is really not so new. Fifty years ago when AGVS was invented it was then called driverless systems. Through the years advances in electronics have led to advances in guided vehicles. Vacuum tub technology gave way to transistorized technology and now today microprocessor technology. Technological developments may have given AGVS more flexibility and capability, but market acceptance has really given AGVS the application variety to allow it to expand into the standard accepted material handling method it is today. Recent trends and development in Technology: Automated Guided Vehicle are developed and improved for the better application to meet the industry requirement. The various technologies have made the system flexible. Today the technology continues to evolve. The wire in the floor is still available for the proper application. However, many systems today are being designed without the floor wire. Vehicles are now equipped with sophisticated computers on board to communicate, direct, and manage the system. New vehicle configurations have also proliferated. The basic AGV towing systems still exists. However, automatic call systems, opportunity charging, automatic loading/unloading, Abs Computers - Courses Projects Implant Training for Diploma - BE - ME - B.Tech - M. Tech MBA - Industrial Implementation - IEEE based Projects available

Abs Computers - Courses Projects Implant Training for Diploma - BE - ME - B.Tech - M. Tech MBA - Industrial Implementation - IEEE based Projects available and automatic coupling and uncoupling are now available for the right towing application. Unit load systems have also been redefined from the earlier generations. Multiple load decks, parasitic drive systems, custom fixturing, and opportunity charging are now available.

Abs Computers - Courses Projects Implant Training for Diploma - BE - ME - B.Tech - M. Tech MBA - Industrial Implementation - IEEE based Projects available

Abs Computers - Courses Projects Implant Training for Diploma - BE - ME - B.Tech - M. Tech MBA - Industrial Implementation - IEEE based Projects available

General AGV Information

Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGV) has been in use since the 1950's. AGVs are driver-less industrial trucks, usually powered by electric motors and batteries. AGVs range in size from carrying small loads of a few kilograms up to loads over 100 tons. The working environment may vary from offices with carpet floor to harbor dockside areas. Modern AGVs are computer-controlled vehicles with onboard microprocessors. Most AGVsystems also have system management computers, optimizing the AGV utilization, giving transport orders, tracking the material in transfer and directing the AGV traffic. Automatic load handling is used in many AGV-systems. The AGV can pick up and drop off pallets or transfer loads automatically using fork attachments, conveyors, lift tops etc. depending on the type and size of the load units to handle. The early AGVs where built as tuggers, towing trailers, or shaped as platform vehicles. The only function was to transport. AGVs today can be equipped with robot arms and grippers and perform robotic handling functions. AGVs are also used as storage machines equipped with forks, handling loads in storage racks up to 10 meters in height or more. Several methods of guidance and navigation can be implemented. The early AGVs where tracking an inductive guide wire or an optical visible line, painted or made with tape on the floor. The inductive guide wire is still the most used guiding system for AGVs running on concrete floors, also for new installations. Many companies and people have tried to invent THE replacement for the inductive guide wire. In later years AGV guiding and navigation systems with laser scanners, microwave transponders, inertia gyros, ultrasonic sensors, embedded magnets, camera vision systems etc. have been launched. You name it. Some of the new types of guiding systems for AGVs are called free-range navigation systems. All guiding systems for AGVs requires however guiding references installed along or around the guide path, nothing is one hundred percent free. Some modern guide wire systems have the guide Abs Computers - Courses Projects Implant Training for Diploma - BE - ME - B.Tech - M. Tech MBA - Industrial Implementation - IEEE based Projects available

Abs Computers - Courses Projects Implant Training for Diploma - BE - ME - B.Tech - M. Tech MBA - Industrial Implementation - IEEE based Projects available wires used only as static guidance reference and the AGVs can do many moves off the wire. The question of AGV navigation is always a question of the degree of freedom, and shall be taken in consideration in relation to system price and the costs for changes and maintenance of an AGVsystem down the road. The drawback of many free-range navigation systems is that the software gets extensive and may become hard to maintain and change for other people than experts. Modern AGVs uses commonly radio communications with FM-radio to transmit data to and from the vehicles. The radio communications by itself has created a lot of freedom in modern AGV system design. Many forklift truck manufacturers and control system developers are trying hard to find good concepts to produce AGVs utilizing manually operated standard forklift trucks and bolt on kits with AGV controls. Most AGVs sold today are however special made machines, special designed for special purposes. AGV building blocks, such as controls, motors, drives etc. are standardized to a high degree which keeps the costs down on a competitive level for special made machines. The problem with automating manual trucks is that the re-engineering and rebuilding gets expensive, and that the operating conditions may be very different which in turn gives different requirements. For example, AGVs may operate at lower running speeds than manually driven trucks, which simplifies the machines with less motor power and smaller batteries.

Abs Computers - Courses Projects Implant Training for Diploma - BE - ME - B.Tech - M. Tech MBA - Industrial Implementation - IEEE based Projects available

Abs Computers - Courses Projects Implant Training for Diploma - BE - ME - B.Tech - M. Tech MBA - Industrial Implementation - IEEE based Projects available

The Basics of Automatic Guided Vehicle Systems

Basic Functions
Navigation & Guidance allows the vehicle to follow a predetermined route which is optimized for the material flow pattern of a given application Routing is the vehicle's ability to make decisions along the guidance path in order to select optimum routes to specific destinations Traffic Management is a system or vehicle ability to avoid collisions with other vehicles while at the same time maximizing vehicle flow and therefore load movement throughout the system. Load Transfer is the pickup and delivery method for an AGVS system, which may be simple or integrated with other subsystems. System Management is the method of system control used to dictate system operation. The proper method selection for each function and its ability to work with the other functions determines in great measure the degree of success of a given system.

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Abs Computers - Courses Projects Implant Training for Diploma - BE - ME - B.Tech - M. Tech MBA - Industrial Implementation - IEEE based Projects available

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

RF-ID Reader

Obstacle Detection Unit

Tower Light

Control Panel (User interface)

c
AT89S52

Relay Driver

Motor/TL Driver
(Relay Logic)

RF Transmitter (User interface) Remote control

RF Receiver

DC Motor

2.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION: In automated Guided vehicle there is no need to drive vehicle, as route is predefined by the properly positioned hanging tag. According to application we can change path of the system just by repositioning hanging tag. Controller Panel is designed so that user can select any of the working modes of AGV. The control panel is also provided with a charging point for battery. An emergency switch is placed also placed on panel. For user convenience every operation is supported by LED indicator. The controller is decision making device. It has inputs from sensors and reader. The controller is already programmed with selected ID numbers of RF tags. The controller processes Abs Computers - Courses Projects Implant Training for Diploma - BE - ME - B.Tech - M. Tech MBA - Industrial Implementation - IEEE based Projects available

Abs Computers - Courses Projects Implant Training for Diploma - BE - ME - B.Tech - M. Tech MBA - Industrial Implementation - IEEE based Projects available on routine written for proper tag. These tag routine written in controller decides the route for trolley to be followed. RF communication unit is used to guide the vehicle in the RF mode of operation as selected by user. The user has provided with remote control and RF Receiver is directly connected to microcontroller for further processing. The RFID Reader which is placed in the trolley is capable of reading the tags and communicating the results to controller. A reader uses its own antenna to communicate with the tag. Readers are differentiated by their storage capacity, processing capability, and the frequencies they can read. The reader is serially interfaced to controller. IR sensors are placed in front of the AGV. This sensor is used for obstacle detection. The sensor will sense for any obstacle and will give signal to controller. This will avoid collision between obstacle and AGV. While traveling on the path if AGV is obstructed by any means, than it immediately stops. After a finite duration the AGV will beep a buzzer indicating that, it has been obstructed by an obstacle and the path has to by made clear. The motor driving circuit is used to drive the mechanical assembly of the AGV. The circuit consists of two motors, one for the forward and reverse motion and another for left and right turning of AGV. The control signals are directly given to the driver circuit by the controller according to the tag identified. Tower Light is provided so that while moving in the workshop the vehicle reflects its current status i.e. whether vehicle is moving is reflected by a green light and if the red light is on this indicates that vehicle is stop condition either waiting for start signal or is being stopped by obstacle or emergency switch.

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Abs Computers - Courses Projects Implant Training for Diploma - BE - ME - B.Tech - M. Tech MBA - Industrial Implementation - IEEE based Projects available ***************************************************************************** *

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Abs Computers - Courses Projects Implant Training for Diploma - BE - ME - B.Tech - M. Tech MBA - Industrial Implementation - IEEE based Projects available DOT.NET Microframework, J2ME, Windows Mobile, Android, Objective C for iPhone ( X-Code ), IVRS ( Speech Recognition), NS2 ... Industrial Automation and Implementation for Small And Mid size Industries Contact: Office Address: #2, Above Lucky Xerox, Near Tarapan Center, Osmanpura, Aurangabad. Maharashtra. India. Mobile No: 9561121234 Email-Id: info@theabscomputers.com Website: www.theabscomputers.com ***************************************************************************** *

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