TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN

B MN H THNG NHNG

BO CO:

THC TP NHN THC

TI:
TM HIU C S D LIU SQL SERVER 2005 V XY DNG CHNG TRNH K N THUC CA BC S

Gio vin hng dn Sinh vin thc hin Lp Nhm

: : : :

Trng Minh Huy Nguyn Trng Thut 08T2 5A

Bo co thc tp nhn thc

MC LC

SVTH: Nguyn Trng Thut.

Tm hiu v ngt ngoi ca VK 8051 v vit chng trnh o tc ng c bng encoder.

PHN I:

1. Yu cu : Trnh by cm nhn ca nhm v vic tham quan, tip cn vi mi trng doanh nghip. 2. Trnh by : Trong t thc tp nhn thc va ri nhm chng em c phn cng v thc tp ti cng ty FSOFT (FPT sowfware) ti Nng di s hng dn ca thy V c Hong . Trong qu trnh thc tp chng em nhn c s gip rt nhit tnh ca cc anh ch hng dn cng ty .V trc khi chng em thc tp chng em cng c tm hiu qua v FSOFT,nhng qu thc khi n cng ty mi thy c s hin i v pht trin v quy m ca cng ty vi cc iu kin v c s vt cht ,ngoi ra cn c cc sn chi th thao rt hin i,v nht l s nghim tc lm vic ca cc nhn vin cng ty. V chng em c tham quan qua cng ty,qua cc phng ban,v c cc anh gii thiu v cng ty FSOFT Nng l mt cng ty thnh vin ca Tp on FSOFT v c cc anh gii thiu v lch s v s ra i ca cng ty. c thnh lp nm 1988 bi mt nhm cc nh khoa hc tr trong cc lnh vc Vt l, Ton, C, Tin hc t nhiu lm quen vi lp trnh, ch sau mt nm, FPT thnh lp mt b phn tin hc mang tn ISC (Informatic Service Center). Mt trong nhng d n phn mm u tin m ISC tham gia l d n Typo4 xut khu sang Php do mt Vit kiu Php v ch tr. Tip theo l hng lot gii php phn mm cho cc mng ngn hng, k ton, phng v my bay song song vi phn phi thit b v d n phn cng. n thng 12 nm 1994, khi ln, ISC c tch thnh cc b phn chuyn su v d n, phn phi, phn mm B phn phn mm lc c tn l FSS (FPT Software Solutions - tn ting Vit l X nghip Gii php Phn mm FPT).
T 1994 n 1998, FSS tip tc pht trin v cung cp cc gii php phn mm cho cc lnh vc Ngn hng, K ton, Thu, Hi quan, Cng an.Mt trong nhng thnh tch ni bt ca FSS l xy dng TTVN - mng WAN u tin ti Vit nam, to tin pht trin cho Cng ty Vin thng FPT sau ny (FPT Telecom). Trong nhng nm ny, FPT lin tip c PC World Vit nam bnh chn l Cng ty Tin hc s mt. Cui nm 1998 u 1999, sau khi chin lc xut khu phn mm c nh hnh, mt nhm chuyn gia c tch ra t FSS thnh lp FSU1 (FPT Strategic Unit #1) nh b phn chu trch nhim mi nhn trong s mnh Ton Cu Ho. FSU1 chnh l tin thn ca FSOFT ngy nay. Trong nm 1999, FSOFT thc hin thnh cng d n u tin vi khch hng Winsoft, Canada, bc u xc nh c cu t chc, ln cc chng trnh chun b nhn lc cho xut khu. Nm 2000, FSOFT chuyn tr s sang to nh HITC. nh hng bi v dotcom, th trng xut khu phn mm gp nhiu kh khn. Tuy vy, FSOFT vt qua c th thch v t c kt qu quan trng - k hp ng OSDC (Offshore Software Development Center) u tin vi Harvey Nash. n nay, Harvey Nash vn l mt trong nhng khch hng ln nht ca FSOFT. Nm 2001 c nh du bng cc hp ng OSDC vi M v c bit l OSDC vi NTT-IT - khch hng Nht bn u tin ca FSOFT. Nm 2001 cng l nm FSOFT bt u d n CMM-4, vi mc tiu t chng ch CMM mc 4 trong vng mt nm. FSOFT t CMM mc 4 vo thng 3/2002, tr thnh cng ty u tin khu vc ng Nam t chng ch ny. Nm 2002 cng l nm FSOFT cng c li s t chc, bng vic thnh lp cc Trung tm sn xut v cc Phng chc nng. Cui 2002, ln

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Bo co thc tp nhn thc

u tin doanh s FSOFT vt ngng 1 triu USD. Nm 2003 em v cho FSOFT nhiu khch hng mi, c bit l cc khch hng ln ca Nht nh Hitachi, Sanyo, Nissen, IBM Japan. FSOFT thnh lp Vn phng ti thnh ph H Ch Minh. chun b cho th trng Nht, mt chng trnh ln c trin khai bao gm thnh lp Trung tm ng Du o to ting Nht CNTT, tuyn sinh vin cc Khoa ting Nht v h tr hc bng cho h hc Aptech, tuyn sinh vin tt nghip cc trng CNTT v o to tp trung ting Nht 6 thng. Nm 2003 cng l nm d n CMM-5 khi ng. u nm 2004, FSOFT tr thnh Cng ty c phn phn mm FPT. Tr s ti Tp. H Ch Minh c chuyn v to nh e-town. FSOFT t CMM mc 5 (mc cao nht) vo thng 3. phc v tt hn cc khch hng Nht, Vn phng i din ca FSOFT c m ti Tokyo. Nm 2004 cng l nm gt hi nhiu thnh cng ca Cng ty Phn mm FPT, vi doanh s xut khu nm 2004 tng trng hn 200% so vi nm 2003. Nm 2005 l nm nh du bc pht trin ca cng ty v mi mt, gip FSOFT khng nh v tr cng ty phn mm hng u Vit Nam. Thng 8/2005 thnh lp Chi nhnh Nng, thng 11 thnh lp Cng ty FSOFT JAPAN ti Tokyo, thng 12 khai trng Trung tm Tuyn dng v o to ti to nh Simco, H ni. Ht nm 2005, FSOFT tng trng 114% doanh s, tr thnh cng ty phn mm u tin ca Vit Nam c 1000 nhn vin. Thng 10, nm 2007, FSOFT chuyn Trung tm m bo ngun lc (RAC) v ta nh FPT Software ti Ng Tui tr- Hong Quc Vit, nh du s trng thnh trong cng tc Tuyn dng v o to ban cho ngun nhn lc ca ton Fsoft H Ni. Cc Trung tm sn xut phn mm c chuyn n lm vic tp trung ti Ta nh FPT Building ti Phm Hng. Cui nm 2007, doanh s ca Fsoft t 29,6 triu USD, tng 79% so vi doanh thu nm 2006; s nhn vin chnh thc l 2,287 ngi. FSOFT c h thng khch hng rng ln trn ton th gii M, Chu u, Nht Bn, v cc nc Chu Thi Bnh Dng (Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Australia). Trong chin lc gia nhp hng ng nhng nh cung cp dch v phn mm hng u th gii, Cng ty tp trung pht trin ngun nhn lc cht lng cao gi tr ct li ng gp vo tng trng ca cng ty. Vi 80% nhn vin FSOFT thun thc v ting Anh v hn 200 ngi s dng ting Nht, FPT Sofware khng ngng tm kim v to c hi cho nhng ti nng tr. Mc tiu trong nm 2008, Fsoft s t doanh thu 48,5 triu USD, li nhun c tnh s t 14,7 triu USD vi s nhn vin s l 3400 ngi. Cng vi chin lc ca cng ty l v cng dn in t . FPT phn u tr thnh tp on hng u pht trin h tng v cung cp dch v in t cho Cng ng Cng dn in t. Cng ngh thng tin v vin thng s tip tc l cng ngh nn tng trong xu th hi t s nhm p ng v cung cp nhng sn phm, dch v tin li nht cho cc cng dn in t, y chnh l hng quan trng nht trong chin lc pht trin ca Tp on FPT Th trng chnh ca FSOFT ch yu l th trng ting Nht v th trng ni ting Anh,vi cng vic hu ht l gia cng phn mm nhng FSOFT cng ang c nhng k hoch ln cho vic xut khu phm mm.V y cng l nhng bc t ph to ra s pht trin mnh m cho cng ngh thng tin ni ring v cng ngh Vit Nam ni chung. V hng nm cng ty lun c nhiu t thc tp cho hng trm sinh vin ngnh CNTT thc tp v thc tp tt nghip hay tham gia lm vic cho cng ty, c th tr thnh nhn vin th cc ng vin phi tri qua cc k st hch ca cng ty,nn hu ht
SVTH: Nguyn Trng Thut.

Tm hiu v ngt ngoi ca VK 8051 v vit chng trnh o tc ng c bng encoder.

cc ng vin trng tuyn u l nhng ng vin c nng lc v c o to bi bn,nu khng cng ty s o to thm cc kha b tr cho h . V FSOFT thc s l ni lm vic m c ca cc bn am m lp trnh ,v thc s l mt ni chng ta c th p dng nhng kin thc c ging dy trn ging ng , l ni cc bn c th test th nng lc ca mnh . V chng em c mt bui ni chuyn trao i vi cc anh cc ch mt cch thng thn ,v qua chng em c th chun b cho mh hnh trang tt c th khng b ng khi ra trng ,v c cc anh hng dn mt cch rt nhit tnh nn chun b v b sung thm nhng k nng cng nh nhng kin thc no m x hi v cng vic ang cn d khng phi l lm vic cho FSOFT ,qua cuc trao i cc anh cng nu ra nhng s kh khn nhng th m Sinh vin cn thiu ,nhng b ng khi ra i ,nhng va vp khi i lm, v cch x l cng nh kinh nghim c rt ra t bn thn cc anh , qu tht l nhng iu ht sc qu gi i vi chng em,ngoi nhng kin thc v chuyn mn chng em cn c hc thm nhng k nng lm vic ,nhng kinh nghim nhng bi hc v cuc sng ,cng vic V cui cng chng em xin chn thnh cm n cc anh ,cc ch FSOFT to iu kin cho chng em c thc tp v tham quan cng ty.V cm n thy V c Hong nhit tnh hng dn chng em hon thnh tt t thc tp .!

PHN II: (V TI)

1. Gii thiu ti: Tm hiu v ngt ngoi ca Vi iu khin 8051. Vit chng trnh o tc ng c bng encorder. 2. C s l thuyt 89C51: 2.1 Tnh nng ca vi iu khin 89C51

SVTH: Nguyn Trng Thut.

Bo co thc tp nhn thc

B nh chng trnh: 4KB Ram: 128B B nh thi 16 bit(Timer): 2 Cng vo ra(port): 4 cng (32bit) Cng ni tip: 1 (UART RS232) Ngt: 6 B x l bt S ln c xa: 1000 ln 2.2 S chn ca vi iu khin 89C51

RST: chn reset. VK s khi ng li nu chn ny = 1(5V) trong ti thiu 2 chu k my. XTAL 1,2: cp dao ng cho vi u khin. Vcc: ni n ngun 5V GND: Ni v t. 2.2 Lp Trnh Cc Ngt. nh Ngha : Mt ngt l mt s kin bn trong hoc bn ngoi lm ngt b vi iu khin bo cho n bit rng thit b cn dch v .

Bng vector ngt: N gt Bt li ngun (RESET) Ngt phn cng ngoi (INT0)
SVTH: Nguyn Trng Thut.

a ch ROM 0 000 0 003

C hn 9 12 (P3.2)

Tm hiu v ngt ngoi ca VK 8051 v vit chng trnh o tc ng c bng encoder.

0 00B 0 13 (P3.3) 013 0 01B 0 023 Trong thc t ch c 5 ngt dnh cho ngi dng trong 8051 nhng nhiu nh sn xut a ra cc bng d lu ni rng c 6 ngt v h tnh c lnh ti thit lp RESET. Su ngt ca 8051 c phn b nh sau: 1. RESET: Khi chn reset c kch hot 8051 nhy v a ch 0000. y l a ch bt li ngun. 2. Gm 2 ngt dnh cho cc b nh thi: 1 cho Timer0 v 1 cho Timer1. a ch ca cc ngt ngy l 000B v 001B trong bng vector ngt dnh cho Timer0 v Timer1 tng ng. 3. Hai ngt dnh cho cc ngt phn cng bn ngoi chn 12(P3.2) v 13(P3.3) ca cng P3 l cc ngt phn cng bn ngoi INT0 v INT1 tng ng. Cc ngt ngoi. V tr nh trong bng vector ngt ca cc ngt ngoi ny l 0003H v 0013H gn cho INT0 v INT1 tng ng. 4. Truyn thng ni tip c mt ngt thuc v c thu v pht. a c ca ngt ny trong bng vc t ngt l 0023H. Ta thy mi ngt chim mt khong b nh l 8 byte. Nu chng trnh phc v ngt nh t trong 8 byte th ta c th vit vo y cn khng th mt lnh JMP c t vo trong bng vector ngt ch n a ch ca chng trnh con phc v ngt. Cc bc khi cho php ngt: Khi bt li ngun th tt c mi ngt u b cm (b che) c nga l khng c ngt no s c b vi iu khin p ng nu chng c kch hot. Cc ngt phi c kch hot bng phn mm b vi iu khin p ng chng.Thanh ghi IE chu trch nhim cho php hoc cm tt c cc ngt v n ch c th nh a ch theo bit.

Ngt b Timer0 (TF0) Ngt phn cng ngoi 1 (INT1) Ngt b Timer1 (TF1) Ngt COM ni tip (RI v TI)

EA

---

ET2

ES

ET1

EX1

ET0

EX0

EA: Nu EA = 0 th cm tt c cc ngt. Nu EA = 1 th cho php tt c cc ngt. ET0, ET1: ngt timer0 v ngt timer1 tng ng. EX0,EX1: ngt ngoi 0 v ngt ngoi 1 tng ng. ES: ngt port ni tip. cho php mt ngt ta phi thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Bt D7 ca thanh ghi IE l EA phi c bt ln cao cho php cc bt cn li ca thanh ghi nhn c tn hiu tng ng. 2. Nu EA = 1 th tt c m ngt u c php v s c p ng nu cc bt tng ng ca chng trong IE c mc cao. 3. Thit lp gi tr mc cao vi cc ngt timer hay ngt ngt ngoi tng ng. Cc ngt ngoi INT0 v INT1 Khi kch hot nhng chn ny th 8051 b ngt ti bt k cng vic no m n ang thc hin v n nhy n bng vc t ngt thc hin trnh phc v ngt. Ch c hai ngt phn cng ngoi trong 8051 l INT0 v INT1. Chng c b
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Bo co thc tp nhn thc

tr trn chn P3.2 v P3.3 v a ch ca chng trong bng vc t ngt l 0003H v 0013H. Nh ni trn th chng c ghp v b cm bng vic s dng thanh ghi IE. Vy chng c kch hot nh th no? C hai mc kch hot cho cc ngt phn cng ngoi: Ngt theo mc v ngt theo sn. Di y l m t hot ng ca mi loi. Ngt theo mc. ch ngt theo mc th cc chn INT0 v INT1 bnh thng mc cao (ging nh tt c cc chn ca cng I/O) v nu mt tn hiu mc thp c cp ti chng th n ghi nhn ngt. Sau b vi iu khin dng tt c mi cng vic n ang thc hin v nhy n bng vc t ngt phc v ngt. iu ny c gi l ngt c kch hot theo mc hay ngt theo mc v l ch ngt mc nh khi cp ngun li cho 8051. Tn hiu mc thp ti chn INT phi c ly i trc khi thc hin lnh cui cng ca trnh phc v ngt RETI, nu khng mt ngt khc s li c to ra. Tuy nhin bo m vic kch hot ngt phn cng ti cc chn INTx phi khng nh rng thi gian tn ti tn hiu mc thp l khong 4 chu trnh my v khng c hn. iu ny l do mt thc t l ngt theo mc khng c cht. Cc ngt theo sn. Nh ni trc y trong qu trnh bt li ngun th 8051 lm cc chn INT0 v INT1 l cc ngt theo mc thp. bin cc chn ny tr thnh cc ngt theo sn th chng ta phi vit chng trnh cho cc bt ca thanh ghi TCON. Thanh thi TCON gi cc bt c IT0 v IT1 xc nh ch ngt theo sn hay ngt theo mc. D7
TF1 TR1 TF0 TR0 IE1 IT1 IE0

D0 IT0

Hnh 11.6: Thanh ghi TCON. Bt TF1 hay TCON.7 l c trn ca b Timer1. N c lp bi phn cng khi b m b nh thi 1 trn, n c xo bi phn cng khi b x l ch n trnh phc v ngt. Bt TR1 hay TCON.6 l bt iu khin hot ng ca Timer1. N c thit lp v xo bi phn mm bt/ tt Timer1. Bt TF0 hay TCON.5 tng t nh TF1 dnh cho Timer0. Bt TR0 hay TCON.4 tng t nh TR1 dnh cho Timer0. Bt IE1 hay TCON.3 c ngt ngoi 1 theo sn. N c thit lp bi CPU khi sn ngt ngoi (chuyn t cao xung thp) c pht hin. N c xa bi CPU khi ngt c x l. Lu : C ny khng cht nhng ngt theo mc thp. Bt IT1 hay TCON.2 l bt iu khin kiu ngt. N c thit lp v xo bi phn mm xc nh kiu ngt ngoi theo sn xung hay mc thp. Bt IE0 hay TCON.1 tng t nh IE1 dnh cho ngt goi 0. Bt IT0 hay TCON.0 tng t nh bt IT1 dnh cho ngt ngoi 0. C s l thuyt v ENCODER:

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Tm hiu v ngt ngoi ca VK 8051 v vit chng trnh o tc ng c bng encoder.

B encoder thc cht l mt a c c l c gn cp sensor thu pht 2 bn. B encoder c gn trn bnh xe hoc trn ng c ca robot.

a) Nguyn tc hot ng ca encoder:

Gm mt b thu pht hng ngoi v mt a cho chia l c t gia h thng thu pht ny. a c gn trn trc ca ng c hoc trc chuyn ng. Qu trnh a chuyn ng lm cho phn photo sensor thay i trng thi v to ra mt chui cc xung vung trn u ra. y l thng s k thut quan trng ca mt encoder. Tu theo s l trn a m s xung to ra trong mt vng quay ca a khc nhau. S lng xung cng ln ngha l s l cng nhiu trn mt vng trn 360 . Ngha l ta cng c th iu khin chnh xc. V d nhin b encoder cng t tin. Chng ta c th thy c nhiu loi encoder dng t trng hoc trn a c nhiu vng l nhng ti gii thiu loi ph dng v n gin nht l s dng nh sng nh trn. Trong thc t chng ta c th thy cc b encoder trn cc ng c DC ch khng ch l cc thnh phn c lp.

Encoder thng c 6 dy (hoc 4 dy ty loi ) bao gm 2 dy ngun ,2 dy tn hiu A v B v dy pha Z.2 dy tn hiu A v B cho php bn xc nh s vng quay ca ng c ,vn tc v chiu quay ca ng c. lp trnh x l tn hiu encoder ,bn c th ni 2 dy tn hiu A v B vo 2 chn timer hoc ngt ngoi ca vi iu khin,thit lp vi iu khin ch counter ,vi iu khin s m xung t vi iu khin. Phn loi c bn v Encoder: Encoder c chia lm 2 loi, absolute encoder v incremental encoder Nu dch st ngha, khi ta c absolute encoder, c ngha l encoder tuyt i, tc l tn hiu ta nhn c, ch r rng v tr ca encoder, chng ta khng cn x l g thm, cng bit chnh xc v tr ca encoder.

SVTH: Nguyn Trng Thut.

10

Bo co thc tp nhn thc

Cn incremental encoder, l loi encoder ch c 1, 2, hoc ti a l 3 vng l. Chng ta hnh dung th ny, nu by gi c mt l trn mt ci a quay, th c mi ln a quay 1 vng, chng ta s nhn c tn hiu, v bit a quay mt vng. Nu by gi ta c nhiu l hn, cc bn s c c thng tin chi tit hn, c ngha l a quay 1/4 vong, 1/8 vng, hoc 1/n vng, ty theo s l nm trn incremental encoder. C mi ln i qua mt l, chng ta phi lp trnh thit b o m ln 1. Do vy, encoder loi ny c tn incremental encoder (encoder tng ln 1 n v).

Hot ng ca hai loi encoder ny nh th no? Absolute encoder (encoder tuyt i) Vn chng ta s quan tm y, chnh l vn v mn ca encoder, c ngha l lm th no bit a quay 1/2 vng, 1/4 vng, 1/8 vng hay 1/n vng, ch khng phi ch bit a quay c mt vng. Quay li bi ton c bn v bit v s bit, chng ta xem xt vn theo mt cch hon ton ton hc nh: Vi mt s nh phn c 2 ch s, chng ta s c 00, 01, 10, 11, tc l 4 trng thi. iu c ngha l vi 2 ch s, chng ta c th chia a encoder thnh 4 phn bng nhau. V khi quay, chng ta s xc nh c chnh xc n 1/4 vng. Tng t nh vy, nu vi mt s c n ch s, chng ta s xc nh c chnh xc n 1/(2^n) vng. Th lm sao xc nh 2n trng thi ny ca a encoder? Cc bn xem hnh sau:

SVTH: Nguyn Trng Thut.

Tm hiu v ngt ngoi ca VK 8051 v vit chng trnh o tc ng c bng encoder.

11

y, a ra v d vi a encoder c 2 vng a. Thy rng, vng trong cng, c mt rnh rng bng 1/2 a. Vng pha ngoi, s c 2 rnh nm i din nhau. Nh vy, chng ta cn 2 n led pht xuyn qua 2 vng l, v 2 n thu. Gi s vng l th nht (trong cng), n c ang nm v tr c l h, th tn hiu nhn c t con mt thu s l 1. V vng l th hai, th chng ta ang v tr khng c l, nh vy con mt thu vng 2 s c c gi tr 0. V nh vy, vi s 10, chng ta xc nh c encoder ang nm gc phn t no, cng c ngha l chng ta qun l c chnh xc ca a quay n 1/4 vng. Trong v d trn, nu n LED c c 10, th v tr ca LED phi nm trong gc phn t th hai, pha trn, bn tri. Kt qu, nu a encoder c n 10 vng l, th chng ta s qun l c n 1/ (2^10) tc l n 1/1024 vng. Hay ngi ta ni l phn gii ca encoder l 1024 xung trn vng (pulse per revolution - ppr). Sau y l v d abosulte encoder 8 vng l:

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12

Bo co thc tp nhn thc

Incremental encoder (encoder tng)

Nhn thy mt iu rng, encoder tuyt i rt c li cho nhng trng hp khi gc quay l nh, v ng c khng quay nhiu vng. Khi , vic x l encoder tuyt i tr nn d dng cho ngi dng hn, v ch cn c gi tr l chng ta bit ngay c v tr gc ca trc quay. Tuy nhin, nu ng c quay nhiu vng, iu ny khng c li, bi v khi , chng ta phi x l m s vng quay ca trc. Ngoi ra, nu thit k encoder tuyt i, chng ta cn qu nhiu vng l, v dn ti gii hn v kch thc ca encoder, bi v vic gia cng chnh xc cc l qu nh l khng th thc hin c. Cha k rng vic thit k mt dy n led v con mt thu cng nh hng rt ln n kch thc gii hn ny. Hot ng ca incremental encoder : Tht n gin, incremental encoder, s tng 1 n v khi mt ln ln xung ca cnh xung. C mi ln quay qua mt l, th encoder s tng mt n v trong bin m.

Tuy nhin, mt vn l lm sao bit c encoder quay ht mt vng? Nu c m v hn nh th ny, th chng ta khng th bit c khi no n quay ht mt vng. Nu by gi ta m s l encoder bit n quay mt vng, th nu vi encoder 1000 l chc ta s m n sng lun. Cha k, mi ln c nhng rung ng no m ta khng qun l c,
SVTH: Nguyn Trng Thut.

Tm hiu v ngt ngoi ca VK 8051 v vit chng trnh o tc ng c bng encoder.

13

encoder s b sai mt xung. Khi , nu hot ng lu di, sai s ny s tch ly, ngy hm nay sai mt xung, ngy hm sau sai mt xung. n cui cng, c th ng c quay 2 vng ri chng ta mi m c 1 vng. trnh iu tai hi ny xy ra, ngi ta a vo thm mt l nh v m s vng quay ca encoder. Nh vy, cho d c lch xung, m chng ta thy rng encoder i ngang qua l nh v ny, th chng ta s bit l encoder b m sai u . Nu v mt rung ng no , m chng ta khng thy encoder i qua l nh v, vy th t s xung, v vic i qua l nh v, chng ta s bit r hin tng sai ca encoder. Kt qu, ta s thng thy cc encoder c dng nh hnh 2:

PHN III. Vit chng trnh o tc ng c bng encoder. 1. Phn tch. Vic m phng ti bng mt mch hon chnh gm encoder v chp hi kh khn v encoder kh t tin, do trong khun kh 1 ti thc tp nhn thc em xin xut thay th vic m phng o tc ng bng nt bm thay v encoder. V encoder cng to ra cc xung l tn hiu cho cc ngt ngoi m nt bm cng to ra cc xung khi c bm. Ta ni nt bm vo chn P3.2 hoc P3.3 ca vi iu khin 8051. Mi khi bm phm th c ngt xy ra ta s dng bin m m s xung trong mt khong thi gian nht nh. Sau khong thi gian ny ta ly mu v a kt qu ra 1 chn bt k P0, P1 hoc P2. Vn t ra l cc thanh ghi trong 8051 ch c di 8 bt do ta phi lm th no m c s xung ln hn 255. 2. Thut ton.
b1. Thit lp cc thanh ghi

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14

Bo co thc tp nhn thc

b2. Cho php ngt ngoi b3. Bin m = 0;delay =100,xung =100; Lp li: b4. Bt ngt ngoi b5. Delay_ms(delay); b6.Disable ngt ngoi b7. S vng = (Dem /xung)*10*60//don vi la vong tren phut b8. Dem =0; b9. Hien so vong tren lcd hay led 7 thanh b10. Bt ngt ngoi

S thut ton.

Begin

+ thit lp cc ngt INT0,timer0 + thit lp cc bin dem = 0, xung = 100, vong = 0 + Np cc gi tr ban u cho TH0,TL0,bt timer

Ch Ngt
Timer0 ?

INT0 ?

+Tng bin m +nu dem =100 tng bin vng

+Cm ngt INT0 + a s vng ra port1 v m ra port2 +cho php ngt

SVTH: Nguyn Trng Thut.

Tm hiu v ngt ngoi ca VK 8051 v vit chng trnh o tc ng c bng encoder.

15

S thut ton ca ngt timer0: Trong ngt timer c mi giy ta ly mu mt ln. 1s = 1000000 = 200*5000 chu k my. M -5000 = EC78H do ta np TH0 = 0ECH v TL0 = 78H v m s ngt timer 200 ln th a ra port.

+ R0 = 0

Begin

+tt m timer +nap li gi tr ban u cho TH0,TL0 +bt li m timer

R0 = 200

Sai ?
+ a kt qu ra cc Port

RETI

3. Code ORG 0000H LJMP START ;--------------------------------ORG 03H ;external interrupt 0 LJMP NGAT_NGOAI0 ORG 0BH ;timer 0 interrupt LJMP NGAT_TIMER0
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ORG 13H ;external interrupt 1 RETI ORG 1BH ;timer 1 interrupt RETI ORG 23H ;serial port interrupt RETI ;===================================== ORG 30H ;===================================== KHOI_TAO: ;set up control registers MOV TCON,#00H ; interrups lever TMOD,#00000001B ;timer0 o che do 1 MOV PSW,#00H MOV IE,#100000011B ;enable interrupts int0 and timer0 RET ;------------------------------------;HAM MAIN START: ACALL KHOI_TAO ;KHOI TAO CAC THANH GHI MOV TH0,#0ECH MOV TL0,#78H SETB TR0 MOV R0,#0 MOV R1,#0;dem1 MOV R2,#0;so XUNG dem=100 thi so vong tang len 1 ;THAN CHUONG TRINH CHINH MOV P1,#00H LJMP $ RET ;------------------------------------NGAT_NGOAI0: CJNE R1,#100,TANG INC R2 MOV R1,#0 JMP EXIT TANG: INC R1; EXIT: RETI ;---------------------------------------NGAT_TIMER0:
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Tm hiu v ngt ngoi ca VK 8051 v vit chng trnh o tc ng c bng encoder.

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CLR TR0 MOV TH0,#0ECH MOV TL0,#78H SETB TR INC R0 CJNE R0,#200,TIEP_TUC MOV IE,#10000010B ;cam ngat ngoai MOV R0,#0 MOV P1,R2; DUA RA PORT P1 MOV IE,#10000011B ;cho phep ngat ngoai 0 TIEP_TUC: RETI ;===================================== DELAY_MS: MOV R7,#00H LOOP_MS: INC R7 MOV A,R7 CJNE A,#0FAH,LOOP_MS RET ;------------------------------------DELAY_100MS: MOV R6,#100 LOOP_100MS: ACALL DELAY_MS DJNZ R6,LOOP_100MS RET ;------------------------------------DELAY_HS: MOV R5,#5 LOOP_HS: ACALL DELAY_100MS DJNZ R5,LOOP_HS RET ;=====================================

TI LIU THAM KHO

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Cu trc v lp trnh h vi iu khin 8051-Nguyn Tng Cng, Phan Quc Thng-NXBKHKT Ti liu v slice bi ging vi iu khin Thy Trng Minh Huy HBKN Ineternet

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