M phng mch lc s trn Matlab.

Chng 2: Thit k mch lc FIR v IIR trn Matlab

Chng 2: THIT K MCH LC S FIR V IIR TRN MATLAB

Trong chng ny chng ta s dng phn mm Matlab thc hin thit k v m phng b lc s FIR hoc IIR. Chng ta s da vo toolbox vi giao din graphic thit k mch lc s. Toolbox c dng trong bi ny l Signal Processing Tool. c th thc hnh tt th sinh vin cn c kin thc c bn v Matlab. Trong chng 1 c trnh by mt s vn c bn v Matlab. Sinh vin cn tm ti liu c thm v thc hnh cc bi thc hnh trc nh trc khi thc hnh trn lp. Phn mm Matlab 2009B ( khong 4.6GB ), mt s ebook tham kho v Matlab t c bn n nng cao, ti liu tham kho thc hnh v x l tn hiu s (bao gm mt s code ) sinh vin c th download ti link: http://huuhoangtech.tk . Ti liu phc v cho thc hnh : M phng mch lc s trn Matlab cng c th download trang trn. Chng 2 ny bao gm 3 phn vi 2 bi thc hnh c bn sau: M u: Gii thiu v cng c SPTool cho m phng b lc s. Bi 1: Thit k v m phng b lc s FIR bng SPTool. Bi 2: Thit k v m phng b lc s IIR bng SPTool.

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M phng mch lc s trn Matlab. Chng 2: Thit k mch lc FIR v IIR trn Matlab

M u: GII THIU CNG C SPTOOL CHO M PHNG MCH S 1.1 Thit k b lc s bng cng c SPTool: - SPTool l mt cng c c giao din GUI cho x l tn hiu. Cng c ny c th c s dng phn tch tn hiu, m phng qu trnh thit k b lc, phn tch cc b lc, lc tn hiu v phn tch ph ca tn hiu. - khi ng SPTool. T command g lnh: >> sptool - Khi giao din ca SPTool s nh sau:

Hnh 2.1: Giao din ca SPTOOL. Giao din ca SPTool c 3 ct bao gm tp hp cc tn hiu, b lc v ph mc nh tng ng vi : Signals, Filters v Spectra. Di mi ct c cc button s dng cho ct . Cc tn hiu, b lc hoc ph ca Matlab c th c c a vo SPTool bng lnh Import trong menu File ca SPTool. Cc tn hiu, b lc hoc ph c import vo SPTool tn ti di dng cu trc ca MatLab. lu li tn hiu, b lc v ph c to hoc chnh sa trong SPTool ta dng lnh Export trong menu File. thit k mt b lc mi. S dng button New ngay di ct Filter. Khi giao din Filter Designer dng thit k b lc s xut hin. C th gi ra Filter Designer bng lnh >>fdatool Filter Designer cung cp mt mi trng ha tng tc thit k b lc s IIR hoc FIR da trn cc thng s do ngi dng la chn. + Cc loi b lc c th thit k: thng thp, thng cao, thng di, chn di.

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M phng mch lc s trn Matlab. Chng 2: Thit k mch lc FIR v IIR trn Matlab + Cc phng php thit k b lc FIR: Equiripple, Least Squares, Window. + Cc phng php thit k b lc IIR: Butterworth, Chebyshev I, Chebyshev II. Elliptic.

Hnh 2.2: Giao din ca Filter Designer ( >>fdatool). Response Type: La chn kiu b lc thng thp, thng cao, thng di, chn di. Design Method: Cc phng php dng thit k b lc IIR hoc FIR. Filter Order: Bc ca b lc ( di ca p ng xung). Apass/2: gn sng trong di thng (dB). Astop: suy gim trong di chn (dB). Fs: Tn s ly mu. Fpass: Tn s gii hn ca di thng. Fstop: Tn s gii hn ca di chn. Click vo v tr trn th th hin p ng bin (dB) nh hnh di:

1.2 Phn tch b lc: - Sau khi thit k xong b lc, Chng ta c th th hin nhng p ng ca b lc trong thanh hin th trn thanh cng c ca Filter Designer bng cch click vo nhng icon trn thanh cng c ny hoc la chn t menu Analysis. Bin son : Nguyn Lng Nht - Nguyn Hu Hong PTITHCM 09/2011 3

M phng mch lc s trn Matlab. Chng 2: Thit k mch lc FIR v IIR trn Matlab

1.3 Thit k nhng b lc b sung: - Chng ta c th thit k mt dy cc b lc. Phn ny th hin nh th no bn c th thit k v lu li vi cc b lc khc nhau. Bn bn di nh ngha cho nhng thng s cho cc b lc. Ch rng tt c cc dy u c thng s nh sau: Bandpass, IIR-Butterworth, order = 6, Fs =48000Hz. Fc1 Fc2 Filter Name 22 45 Bandpass Butterworth-1 45 89 Bandpass Butterworth-2 89 178 Bandpass Butterworth-3 178 355 708 1413 2818 355 708 1413 2818 5623 Bandpass Butterworth-4 Bandpass Butterworth-5 Bandpass Butterworth-6 Bandpass Butterworth-7 Bandpass Butterworth-8

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M phng mch lc s trn Matlab. Chng 2: Thit k mch lc FIR v IIR trn Matlab 5623 11220 Bandpass Butterworth-9 11220 22387 Bandpass Butterworth-10 Bng T2.1: Bng nh ngha thng s ca 10 b lc thng di. T command windown. >>fdatool Giao din Filter Designer hin ra: + Trong Respontype: Chn bandpass. + Trong Design Method: Chn IIR Butterworth.

+ Trong Filter Order

Trong Frequency Specifications:

Click vo button Design Filter, s hin th p ng bin (dB) ca mch loc.

Click vo Store Filter

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M phng mch lc s trn Matlab. Chng 2: Thit k mch lc FIR v IIR trn Matlab

Trong hp thoi Store Filter, t tn l Bandpass Butterworth-1.

Dng nhng danh sch nhng thng s trn bng T2.1. Cho mi thng s mi hng, thit lp nhng thng s bng cch thay i gi tr ca Fc1 v Fc2. - ng vi mi thng s trn mt hng ca bng T2.1, thc hin Design Filter v save chng vi Store Filter. Thay i name nh bng trn. 1.4 Th hin nhng b lc trn trong FVtool( Filter Visualization Tool ): - Click vo button Filter Manager cho hin th hp thoi Filter Manager, vi danh sch nhng b lc m bn lu. - Bm Ctrl + click cho la chn tn ca mi b lc cho vic la chn ton b hay mt phn cc b thc mun th hin trong FVTool. V sau click vo button FVTool. -

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M phng mch lc s trn Matlab. Chng 2: Thit k mch lc FIR v IIR trn Matlab

Nu bn mun th hin mt b lc n trong FVTool, click the Full View Analysis button khi b lc c th hin trong thanh hin th ca FDATool hoc chn View >Filter Visualization Tool) thay i t l trc o x(x-axis) theo log ta chn Analysis > Analysis Parameter. Ri thay i Frequence Scale : Log -> OK.

Click icon Legend cho hin th ch thch cho cc b lc. Click icon Zoom cho iu chnh kch thc hin th.

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M phng mch lc s trn Matlab. Chng 2: Thit k mch lc FIR v IIR trn Matlab

1.5 Export b lc t FDATool: - FDATool h tr mt phng php n gin cho to cc i tng b lc (dfilts) t nhng b lc m bn thit k. iu ny c bit hu ch cho nhng b lc bn thit k trong Matlab workspace cho vic dng vi nhng hng command line functions.Bn c th lu b lc ca bn nh l code Matlab bng vic dng File>Generate MatLab code cho chay trong scripts hoc batch files. - Trong FDATool, click Filter Manager and ch chn Bandpass Butterworth 1. - Seclec File > Export. - Trong Discrete Filter: Hd1

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M phng mch lc s trn Matlab. Chng 2: Thit k mch lc FIR v IIR trn Matlab

Click button Export

1.6 Th hin i tng export trong matlab command: - xc nhn li i tng ta dng lnh >> whos. - Cho th hin b lc dng lnh >>Hd1 - Hin th thng tin b lc >> info (Hd1) - M FVTool bng lnh >> F= fvtool(HD1, Analysis, magnitude) >> set(F,FrequencyScale, Log) - By gi dng Matlab command line, to d liu nhiu Gause Sau lc tn hiu nhiu ny bng nhng b lc thit k trn rand % khoi tao mot so ngau nhien Nx = 100000; % So diem du lieu nhieu xw = randn(Nx, 1) % Tao nhieu Gause for i =1:10, yw(:,i) = filter(Hdi,xw); %Loc nhieu khi nhieu di qua bo loc end %(:,i) Nghia la tat ca cac rows cua column i plot(yw); %Bieu dien tin hieu sau khi loc

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M phng mch lc s trn Matlab. Chng 2: Thit k mch lc FIR v IIR trn Matlab Bi 1: THIT K V M PHNG B LC S FIR 1.1 Bi ton: Thit k mt b lc FIR chn di. B lc thit k bng phng php ca s Hamming, vi cc thng s sau: - Chiu di ca p ng xung: N = 88. - Tn s trung tm: 2700Hz. - Tn s ct l 2500Hz v 2900 Hz. - Tn s ly mu 48000 1.2 Cc bc thit k: - Khi ng Matlab. Sau nhp lnh : - Nhp cc thng s thit k: + Response type : bandstop

>> fdatool

Designed Method : FIR - Window Filter order : Specify order : 88 Option : Window : Hamming

Frequency Specification: + Fs: 48000 + Fc1: 2500 +Fc2 : 2900

Click button Design Filter:

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M phng mch lc s trn Matlab. Chng 2: Thit k mch lc FIR v IIR trn Matlab

1.3 Yu cu: 1. Sinh vin thay i tn s ly mu, di p ng xung, cc hm ca s(tam gic Bartlett Bartlett, Ca s Hannung Bartlett, ca s ch nht Rectangular, ca s tam gic Triagular) thit k so snh cc b lc c to ra. 2. Sinh vin export ra file object ca Matlab. To ra mt tn hiu nhiu v a qua b lc. Hin th kt qu.

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M phng mch lc s trn Matlab. Chng 2: Thit k mch lc FIR v IIR trn Matlab Bi 2: THIT K V M PHNG B LC S IIR 1.1 Bi ton: Thit k mt b lc IIR thng di. B lc thit k bng phng php Elliptic, vi cc thng s sau: - Bc : N = 10 - Tn s trung tm: 175Hz. - Tn s ct l 1700Hz v 1800 Hz. - gn thng di Apass = 3dB v thng chn tng ng Astop = 80 dB, - Tn s ly mu 8000Hz 1.2 Cc bc thit k: - Khi ng Matlab. Sau nhp lnh : - Nhp cc thng s thit k: + Response type : bandpass

>> fdatool

Designed Method : IIR - Elliptic Filter order : Specify order :10

Frequency Specification: + Fs: 8000 + Fpass1: 1700 +Fpass2 : 1800

Click button Design Filter:

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M phng mch lc s trn Matlab. Chng 2: Thit k mch lc FIR v IIR trn Matlab

1.3 Yu cu: 1. Sinh vin to ra thm 3 b lc thng di IIR nh trn vi cc tn s ct l BandPass2(1900, 2100); BandPass 3(2100, 2400), BandPass4(2400, 2500) dng cc phng php khc nh: Butterworth, chebyshev loi 1 v loi 2. Lu li v th hin chng trn cng FVTool. 2. M phng v biu din bng th p ng bin , p ng pha v p ng tn s, p ng xung, p ng bc, biu din im cc v zero trn mt phng phc, Hin th thng tin v thng s b lc ca b lc BP3. 3. Thc hin export 4 b lc trn ra object trong Matlab workspaces. To ra tn hiu nhiu Gause, cho tn hiu nhiu qua 4 b lc trn. So snh v nh gi.

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