Áp dụng giải thuật di truyền và tìm kiếm cục bộ để giải quyết bài toán sắp Thời Khóa Biểu cho khoa Công Nghệ Thông Tin

p dng gii thut di truyn v tm kim cc b gii quyt bi ton sp Thi Kha Biu cho
khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin

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Chng 1: Gii thiu

Ngy nay, cng ngh thng tin v ang ng vai tr quan trng trong
i sng kinh t, x hi ca nhiu quc gia trn th gii, l mt phn khng th
thiu trong x hi nng ng, ngy cng hin i ha. V vy, vic tin hc ha vo
mt s lnh vc ng dng l hon ton c th v ph hp vi xu hng hin nay.
Xut pht t nhu cu thc t , vic xy dng mt chng trnh sp thi
kha biu thc hnh l rt cn thit cho Gio V khoa, nhm thay th mt s cng
vic m trc phi thao tc bng tay trn giy t t hiu qu khng cao, mt
nhiu thi gian. V vy, nhm sinh vin chng em thc hin lun vn tt nghip
vi ti p dng gii thut Di Truyn v tm kim cc b gii quyt bi ton
sp thi kha biu cho khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin (CNTT).
H thng Sp thi kho biu thc hnh cho khoa CNTT s gip Gio
V khoa trong vic lu tr thi kho biu t phng o To a xung v c th
sp lch thc hnh mt cch nhanh chng, chnh xc v t hiu qu cao.
________________________________________________________________________
GVHD: Th.s Nguyn c Thnh
1
SVTH: T.Loan, C.Thi, K. Loan, T.Thm
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Chng 2: Pht biu bi ton

I. Pht biu bi ton
Cng ngh thng tin ngy cng pht trin, v vy vic qun l d liu v
lm vic trn my tnh khng cn xa l vi mi ngi. Do , khoa CNTT mun
xy dng chng trnh sp thi kha biu thc hnh trn my tnh p ng nhu
cu ca khoa.
Trong mi hc k, cc lp u c thi kha biu ca mnh trong hc k
gm lch hc cc mn l thuyt v lch thc hnh. Lch l thuyt ca cc khoa do
phng o To sp, cn i vi khoa CNTT, gio v khoa phi xp lch thc hnh
cho mi lp vi cc mn thc hnh thuc khoa CNTT v nhp mn tin hc cho cc
khoa khc.
Mc tiu cui cng ca h thng, l gip Gio V khoa d dng trong
vic sp thi kho biu thc hnh ph hp cho c ging vin, cc lp thuc khoa v
cc khoa khc ca trng i Hc Nng Lm, da trn thi kha biu t phng
o To v mt s iu kin thc t ca khoa nh:
+ S phng thc hnh hn ch nn mt s lp phi thc hnh c ngy ch
nht.
+ Tnh trng ging vin canh thc hnh cn thiu, v th mt s ging
vin c th phi canh thc hnh c 2 phng
+ i vi mt s mn hc khng c thc hnh ti mt s phng my
nht nh v tc my chm, thiu cc chng trnh ci t (nh phng M306,
phng P4) nn khng p ng c yu cu hc tp.
+ Rng buc v thi gian thc hnh ca cc lp, cng mt lp mn c th
thc hnh cng mt thi gian nhng phi khc phng.
+ S tit thc hnh ca mt mn khng c ri vo 2 bui (tit 6 v tit
7 hoc tit 12 v tit 1).
thc hin c mc tiu ca bi ton, h thng xy dng c cc
chc nng chnh: nhp d liu (nhp lch hc l thuyt, ging vin, phng, lp, mn
hc) sp thi kho biu, xem kt qu sp, hiu chnh.
===============================================================
Bn cnh , cn c mt s chc nng khc: ng nhp, thay i mt

khu.
1. Nhp d liu:
Vo u mi hc k, phng o To s gi thi kho biu xung cho
tng khoa, gio v s nhp chi tit cc thng tin vo c s d liu nh: thng tin
v mn hc, ging vin, lp, phng, thng tin v lch hc l thuyt ca cc lp
nhm phc v cho qu trnh sp thi kho biu thc hnh.
2. Sp thi kho biu:
p dng gii thut Di Truyn v tm kim cc b gii quyt bi ton
sp thi kha biu thc hnh ny.
3. Xem kt qu sp:
Sau khi sp xong th Gio V khoa chn chc nng ny xem kt qu
sp, c th chn xem kt qu theo ging vin, theo lp, theo phng
4. Hiu chnh:
Sau khi sp thi kha biu xong, nu gio v khng hi lng vi kt
qu sp c th c th s dng chc nng hiu chnh, thay i thi kha biu
thc hnh theo yu cu.
II. M hnh Use Case:

1. Lc chnh ca m hnh usecase:
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3
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Dang nhap
Nhap cac thong tin sap thoi

khoa bieu
Giao Vu khoa
Sap thoi khoa bieu
Xem ket qua sap thoi khoa

bieu
Hieu chinh
2. c t tng UseCase:
2.1 Use Case ng nhp :
2.1.1 Tm tt :
UseCase ny cho php gio v khoa ng nhp vo h thng sp
thi kho biu vi tn v mt khu .
2.1.2 Dng s kin:
- Dng s kin chnh :
UseCase ny bt u khi gio v khoa mun ng nhp vo h
thng Sp Thi Kho Biu.
+ H thng hin th trang ng nhp yu cu gio v nhp tn v
mt khu.
+ H thng s kim tra tn v mt khu c nhp v cho php
gio v ng nhp vo h thng.
- Cc dng s kin khc:
+ Thng tin khng hp l: nu trong dng s kin chnh, gio v
nhp sai tn hoc mt khu, h thng s hin th mt thng bo li. Gio v c th
chn tr v u ca dng s kin chnh hoc hy b vic ng nhp, lc ny use
case kt thc.
===============================================================
2.1.3 Cc yu cu c bit:
Khng c.
2.1.4 iu kin tin quyt:
Khng c.
2.1.5 iu kin bt buc
Nu use case thnh cng, gio v lc ny ng nhp vo h
thng, nu khng trng thi h thng khng thay i.
2.1.6 im m rng
Khng c.
2.2 Use Case Nhp cc thng tin sp thi kha biu
2.2.1 Tm tt
Use Case ny dng qun l tt c cc thng tin v thi kho
biu t cn b ca phng o To, do chnh actor ng nhp ghi li.
2.2.2 Dng s kin
- Dng s kin chnh :
Use case ny bt u khi gio v khoa nhp lch hc l thuyt,
cp nht hoc xa cc thng tin trong h thng m mnh ghi.
H thng s p ng yu cu ca gio v.
+ H thng yu cu gio v chn chc nng mun thc hin
(Chng hn: nhp lch hc, thm mt mn hc mi, cp nht thng tin v mn hc
mi ).
+ Sau khi gio v c cung cp y cc thng tin cn thit
t cn b phng o to, gio v phi nhp cc thng tin vo h thng .
* thm mt mn hc:
+ H thng yu cu gio v khoa nhp vo cc thng tin v mn
hc. Bao gm: m mn hc, tn mn hc, s tn ch l thuyt, s tn ch thc hnh.
+ Sau khi gio v cung cp y cc thng tin c yu cu,
h thng s thm mn hc ny vo c s d liu.
* thm mt lp:
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+ H thng yu cu gio v khoa nhp vo cc thng tin v lp.

Bao gm: m lp, tn lp, s s.
h thng s thm lp ny vo c s d liu
* thm mt ging vin:
+ H thng yu cu gio v khoa nhp vo cc thng tin v
ging vin. Bao gm: m ging vin, tn ging vin.
h thng s thm ging vin ny vo c s d liu.
* thm mt phng:
+ H thng yu cu gio v khoa nhp vo cc thng tin v
phng. Bao gm: m phng, loi phng, tnh trng, s lng sinh vin.
h thng s thm phng ny vo c s d liu.
* to rng buc gia mn hc v phng thc hnh:
+ H thng yu cu gio v nhp vo cc thng tin v rng
buc. Bao gm: m mn hc, m phng.
h thng s thm rng buc ny vo c s d liu.
* to lch hc l thuyt cho cc lp v tng ng cho tng
ging vin:
+ H thng cho php gio v chn trn option c sn m h
thng cung cp, nu thiu cc thng tin v mn hc, lp, phng, ging vingio
v s quay v nhp thm.
+ i vi mn hc c thc hnh, h thng yu cu gio v phn
ging vin canh thc hnh cho mn hc . ng thi vi s lng phng hn ch
nh hin nay, gio v c th gim s phng thc hnh cho cc lp. Ngoi ra, h
thng cn cho php ngi dng cp nht li danh sch ging vin canh thc hnh.
+ Sau khi gio v cung cp y cc thng tin m chng
trnh yu cu, h thng s lu dng lch xung c s d liu.
- Cc dng s kin khc:
===============================================================
Nu gio v nhp cc thng tin khng y hoc khng tha

cc rng buc, th h thng s hin th mt thng bo li yu cu nhp li, lc ny
use case kt thc .
2.2.3 Cc yu cu c bit
Khng c.
2.2.4 iu kin tin quyt
Gio v khoa phi ng nhp vo h thng thnh cng trc khi
use case ny bt u.
2.2.5 iu kin bt buc
Nu use case thnh cng, thng tin mn hc c thm, cp nht
vo c s d liu. Ngc li, trng thi ca h thng khng thay i.
2.2.6 im m rng
Use Case ny cho php gio v khoa lin h vi cn b o to
bit thm thng tin chi tit v thi kho biu c th tng ng cho tng lp v tng
ging vin.
2.3 Use Case Sp xp thi kho biu
2.3.1 Tm tt :
Use Case ny cho php gio v khoa chn sp thi kho biu thc
hnh.
2.3.2 Dng s kin :
- Dng s kin chnh :
Chc nng ny bt u khi gio v khoa mun sp lch thc
hnh cho tng lp v ging vin.
H thng hin ra form yu cu gio v nhp y cc thng
tin cn thit chng trnh thc hin.
+ Sp thi kho biu theo cch tng i.
+ Thi gian thc hnh (bui sng, bui chiu hoc c ngy) .
+ Cc th c sp trong tun.
Gio v phi chn trn cc Option ca form ghi, khng c
trng.
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Nu ngi dng quan tm n gii thut Di Truyn, c th vo cp

nht tham s chnh sa cc tham s, h thng s cho php gio v thc hin yu
cu ny.
* cp nht tham s (p dng cho gii thut di truyn):
+ H thng cho php gio v khoa c th thay i cc thng tin
v tham s. Bao gm: s ln lp, s lng c th, s lng gen, xc sut lai, xc
sut t bin, xc sut o gen, t l c th ly t th h cha m.
h thng s lu thng tin va thay i vo c s d liu.
Sau , h thng s tin hnh vic xp thi kha biu thc hnh,
da trn cc thng tin m gio v cung cp, ng thi tha cc rng buc m
chng trnh a ra.
Khi qu trnh sp thi kha biu hon tt, h thng s lu kt
qu sp c vo c s d liu.
- Cc dng s kin khc :
Thng tin nhp thiu hoc khng hp l, h thng hin ra thng
bo yu cu gio v chn li.
2.3.3 Cc yu cu c bit :
Khng c.
2.3.4 iu kin tin quyt :
Actor phi ng nhp thnh cng.
2.3.5 iu kin bt buc :
Thng tin c ghi nhn vo c s d liu.
2.3.6 im m rng :
Khng c
2.4 Use Case Xem thng tin v thi kho biu
2.4.1 Tm tt:
Use Case ny cho php gio v khoa xem li thi kho biu m h
sp, tng ng vi tng lp, ging vin, phng.
2.4.2 Dng s kin:
- Dng s kin chnh:
===============================================================
Chc nng ny bt u khi gio v khoa mun xem thi kho biu
m mnh sp xp. Gio v c th xem kt qu sp, xem theo lp, xem theo
ging vin hay xem theo phng, h thng s p ng yu cu ca gio v.
+ Xem kt qu sp:
Gio v c th xem kt qu thng k, v tng s lp mn thc
hnh, tng s lp mn c sp cho khoa v cc khoa khc. H thng s hin th
thng tin chi tit .
+ Xem theo lp:
Tng ng vi tng lp th cc mn s thc hnh vo cc ngy
no trong tun, do ging vin no canh thc hnh, tit bt u, tit kt thc v thc
hnh phng my no.
+ Xem theo ging vin:
Tng ng mi ging vin s canh thc hnh cho cc lp no
vi cc mn hc m lp thc hnh vo cc ngy no trong tun, tit bt u, tit
kt thc v xem thc hnh phng my no.
+ Xem theo phng:
ng vi tng lp, mi mn s c ging vin no canh thc
hnh vo ngy no trong tun, tit bt u v tit kt thc.
- Dng s kin khc:
Nu thi kho biu cha c trong c s d liu th h thng s
hin th thng bo thi kha biu cha c sp.
2.4.3 Cc iu kin c bit:
Khng c
Actor phi ng nhp thnh cng
Thng tin sp thi kha biu phi c ghi nhn vo c s d liu.
2.4.6 im m rng:
Khng c.
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2.5 Use Case Hiu chnh thi kha biu

2.5.1 Tm tt:
Use case ny cho php gio v c th hiu chnh li thi kha biu
m h sp.
2.5.2 Dng s kin:
- Dng s kin chnh:
Use case ny bt u khi gio v khoa khng hi lng vi kt
qu m mnh sp, mun thay i lch thc hnh theo yu cu, vic hiu chnh
thnh cng, h thng phi kim tra xem ngi dng yu cu hiu chnh c hp l v
c tha vi cc rng buc chng trnh t ra khng.
- Dng s kin khc:
Nu vic hiu chnh khng tha cc rng buc v ngy bn ca
ging vin, lp, phng th h thng s hin th thng bo li yu cu gio v thc
hin li.
2.5.3 Cc iu kin c bit:
Khng c
Qu trnh sp thi kha biu phi c thc hin thnh cng.
Thng tin phi c ghi nhn vo c s d liu
2.5.6 im m rng :
Khng c
10
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Chng 3: Phng php lun

I. M hnh trin khai ng dng MVC(Model View
Controller)
Mt s vn c th pht sinh i vi cc ng dng cha ln ln code
truy xut d liu, code x l thng mi v phn code hin th.
Nhng ng dng ny thng gp kh khn khi c yu cu hiu chnh. V
s ph thuc ln nhau gia tt c cc thnh phn s gy ra nhng nh hng ln khi
c s thay i bt c thnh phn no.
Chnh s rng buc ny lm cho nhng lp rt kh hoc thm ch l
khng ti s dng c v chng ph thuc qu nhiu vo cc lp khc.Thm vo
khi mun to ra nhng giao din mi ta thng phi hiu chnh li cc phng
thc thng mi, iu ny dn n phi chnh sa nhiu lp => M hnh MVC
c thit k gii quyt c cc vn trn.
Model: Chu trch nhim v d liu v cc phng thc thng mi s
qun l vic truy xut v cp nht d liu.
View: Chu trch nhim hin th mt hoc nhiu phn ca d liu. N
truy xut d liu thng qua model v quy nh cch thc hin th ca d liu.
Controller: Chu trch nhim iu khin cc s kin tc ng ln
Model hay View. i vi cc ng dng stand-alone, nhng tc ng ca ngi
dng c th l hnh ng click chut hoc chn la t cc danh sch.
Nhng hnh ng ny c thc thi da trn vic Model kch hot cc
phng thc thng mi hoc thay i trng thi.Cn c vo cc hnh ng ca
ngi dng v kt qu thi hnh ca Model, Controller s hi p li ngi dng
bng vic chn mt giao din tng thch.
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* ng dng ca m hnh MVC vo h thng sp thi kho biu

thc hnh cho khoa CNTT.
Trong chng trnh ny model bao gm cc lp thc th nh: Lop,
MonHoc, GiangVien, Phong, LoaiPhong, TinhTrang, Thu, RangBuoc, PhanCong,
QuanThe, NhiemSacThe, ThamSo
View bao gm cc lp giao din ngi dng, cho kh nng quan st
d liu v nhp d liu mi nh: GiaoDienDangNhap, GiaoDienNhapLichHoc,
GiaoDienNhapLop, GiaoDienNhapGiangVien, GiaoDienNhapMonHoc,
GiaoDienNhapPhong, GiaoDienHienThiThoiKhoaBieu,
GiaoDienSapThoiKhoaBieu, GiaoDienNhapCacThongTinCanThiet
Cotroller bao gm cc lp x l nh: SapThoiKhoaBieu,
HieuChinhKetQuaSap, HienTrang, XacDinhHienTrang, HienThiKetQua, KetQua,
XuLyDuLieu, GiaiThuatDiTruyen.
II. M hnh lp
1. S lp:
a.S lp (1): cha cc lp d liu thuc package model.
Lop
maLop : String
tenlop : String
siSo : int
Giang Vien
maGiangVien : String
tenGiangVien : String
Mon Hoc
maMonHoc : String
tenMonHoc : String
tinChiLyThuyet : int
tinChiThucHanh : int
Phan Cong
lop : Lop
monHoc : MonHoc
giangVien : GiangVien
coCanhThucHanh : int
Loai Phong
loaiPhong : String
1..*
Phong
maPhong : String
soLuongSinhVien : int
Tinh Trang
tinhTrang : String
1..*
Lich Hoc
tietBatDau : int
tietKetThuc : int
Thu
maThu : int
tenThu : String
12
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b.S lp (2): cha cc lp lin quan gii thut Di Truyn v cc

lp x l ca bi ton sp thi kha biu.
Thu
maThu : int
tenThu : String
1..*
Nhiem Sac The

chuoiGen : int[]
doThichNghi : double
Rang Buoc
soTietToiDa : int
Sap Thoi Khoa Bieu Theo Thu Tu

maTranKetQua : int[][]
sequence : int[]
tinhDoThichNghi()
1..*
Quan The
soLuongGen : int
doThichNghiTrungBinh : double
tongDoThichNghi : double
Giai Thuat Di Truyen

taoQuanTheMoi()
run()
Hien Trang
anhXaDong : Map<String,Integre>
anhXaCot : Map<String,Integer>
maTranHienTrang : int[][]
Sap Thoi Khoa Bieu

run()
Tham So
soLanLapToiDa : static int
soLuongCaThe : static int
soLuongGen : static int
xacSuatLai : static double
xacSuatDotBien : static double
xacSuatDaoGen : static double
tiLeCaTheLayTuTheHeChaMe : s tatic double
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13
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2. Sequence Diagrams cho tng UseCase

2.1 ng nhp:
GUI:Dang
Nhap
: Giao Vu khoa
GUI:Cac chuc nang

chinh cua chuong trinh
Controller:
User
1: nhap Username,Pas sword
2: dang nhap
3: kiem tra user, password
4: kiem tra user, password
5: kich hoat cac chuc nang chinh cua chuong trinh
6: thong bao dang nhap khong thanh cong
chi gui 1 trong 2

thong bao
7: xac nhan thong bao chon dang nhap lai hoac thoat
8: ket thuc UseCas e
Actor ng nhp vo h thng vi username v password, kim tra

hp l, cc chc nng h thng s c kch hot. Ngc li, nu chc nng ng
nhp khng thnh cng, chng trnh s gi thng bo ng nhp li hoc thot v
usecase kt thc.
14
===============================================================
2.2. Nhp cc thng tin sp thi kha biu :

2.2.1 Nhp thng tin v ging vin:
2.2.1.1 Thm ging vin:
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15
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: Giao Vu khoa
GUI:
GiangVien
Cotroller:
Giang Vien
1: yeu cau them giang vien

2: hien thi giao dien them giang vien
3: nhap cac thong tin can thiet
4: kiem tra cac thong tin

6: luu xuong CSDL
7: gui thong bao thanh cong
8: gui thong bao them khong thanh cong
9: xac nhan thong bao nhap lai hoac thoat

chi goi 1 trong 2
thong bao
10: useCase ket thuc
16
===============================================================
: Giao Vu khoa
GUI:
GiangVien
Cotroller:
Giang Vien
1: yeu cau them giang vien

2: hien thi giao dien them giang vien

6: luu xuong CSDL

chi goi 1 trong 2
thong bao
2.2.1.2 Xa ging vin:
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17
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: Giao Vu khoa
GUI:GiangVien
Cotroller:
GiangVien
1: yeu cau xoa giang vien

2: hien thi giao dien xoa giang vien
3: chon cac thong tin

6: cap nhat CSDL
8: gui thong bao xoa khong thanh cong
9: xac nhan thong bao chon lai hoac thoat
chi gui 1 trong 2

thong bao
2.2.2 Nhp thng tin v mn hc:
18
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2.2.2.1 Thm mn hc:
: Giao Vu khoa
GUI: Mon hoc
Cotroller:
Mon Hoc
1: yeu cau them mon hoc

2: hien thi giao dien them mon hoc
3: nhap cac thong tin

6: luu xuong CSDL
chi gui 1 trong 2
thong bao
10: useCas e ket thuc
2.2.2.2 Xa mn hc:
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19
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: Giao Vu khoa
GUI: Mon hoc
Cotroller:
Mon Hoc
1: yeu cau xoa mon hoc

2: hien thi giao dien xoa mon hoc

6: cap nhat CSDL

chi gui 1 trong 2
thong bao
2.2.3 Nhp thng tin v lp:
20
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2.2.3.1 Thm lp:
: Giao Vu khoa
GUI:Lop
Cotroller:
Lop
1: yeu cau them lop

2: hien thi giao dien them lop

6: luu xuong CSDL

chi gui 1 trong 2

9: xac nhan thong bao nhap lai hoac thoat thong bao
2.2.3.2 Xa lp:
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: Giao Vu khoa
GUI: Lop
Cotroller:
Lop
1: yeu cau xoa lop

2: hien thi giao dien xoa lop

6: cap nhat CSDL

chi gui 1 trong 2

thong bao
2.2.4 Nhp thng tin v phng:

2.2.4.1 Thm phng:
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: Giao Vu khoa
GUI:Phong
Cotroller:
Phong
1: yeu cau them phong

2: hien thi giao dien them phong

6: luu xuong CSDL

chi gui 1 trong 2

thong bao
2.2.4.2 Xa phng:
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23
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: Giao Vu khoa
GUI: Phong
Cotroller:
Phong
1: yeu cau xoa phong

2: hien thi giao dien xoa phong

6: cap nhat CSDL

9: xac nhan thong bao chon lai hoac thoat chi gui 1 trong 2
thong bao
2.2.5 Thng tin v thi kho biu l thuyt:
24
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: Giao Vu khoa
GUI:Lich Hoc
Ly Thuyet
1: yeu cau them lich hoc

Sequence Diagram:
them lichhoc
2: yeu cau cap nhat lich hoc
3: yeu cau xoa lich hoc
Sequence Diagram:
capNhatlichhoc
Sequence Diagram:
xoalich hoc
+ Thm lch hc l thuyt:
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25
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: Giao Vu khoa
GUI: Lich Hoc

Ly Thuyet
Cotroller:
Lich Hoc Ly
Thuyet
1: yeu cau them lich hoc

2: hien thi giao dien them lich hoc

6: luu xuong CSDL

chi gui 1 trong 2

thong bao
+ Cp nht lch hc l thuyt:
26
===============================================================
: Giao Vu khoa
GUI: Lich Hoc

Ly Thuyet
Cotroller:
Lich Hoc Ly
Thuyet
1: yeu cau cap nhat lich hoc
2: hien thi giao dien cap nhat lich hoc

6: cap nhat CSDL
7: gui thong bao cap nhat thanh cong

8: gui thong bao cap nhat khong thanh cong
chi gui 1 trong

2 thong bao
+ Xa lch hc l thuyt:
________________________________________________________________________
27
==================================================================
: Giao Vu khoa
GUI: Lich Hoc

Ly Thuyet
Cotroller:
Lich Hoc Ly
Thuyet
1: yeu cau xoa lich hoc

2: hien thi giao dien xoa lich hoc

6: cap nhat CSDL

chi gui 1 trong

2 thong bao
2.3. Sp thi kho biu :
28
===============================================================
: Giao Vu khoa
GUI:Sap thoi
khoa bieu
Controller: Sap
thoi khoa bieu
Sap Thoi
Khoa Bieu
1: nhap cac thong tin ve tham so

2: s ap thoi khoa bieu
3: sap thoi khoa bieu
4: luu xuong CSDL
Sequence Diagram:
tham s o
________________________________________________________________________
29
==================================================================
+Tham s :
: Giao Vu khoa
GUI:
Tham so
Cotroller:
Tham So
1: yeu cau cap nhat tham s o

2: hien thi giao dien cap nhat tham so

4: cap nhat tham so
5: cap nhat tham so
6: luu xuong CSDL
7: goi thong bao thanh cong
8: gui thong bao khong thanh cong

chi gui 1 trong
2 thong bao
9: xac nhan thong bao chon cap nhat lai hoac thoat
10: ket thuc usecase
2.4. Xem kt qu sp thi kho biu:

2.4.1 Xem thi kha biu thc hnh theo ging vin :
30
===============================================================
: Giao Vu khoa
GUI: xem TKB

theo giang vien
Controller:
Thoi Khoa
BieuDao
1: chon giang vien

2: xem TKB theo giang vien
3: lay tu CSDL
4: hien thi ket qua TKB theo giang vien
2.4.2 Xem thi kha biu thc hnh theo lp:
: Giao Vu khoa
GUI: xem TKB

theo lop
Controller:
Thoi Khoa
BieuDao
1: chon lop
2: xem TKB theo lop
3: lay tu CSDl
4: hien thi ket qua TKB theo lop
2.4.3 Xem thi kha biu thc hnh theo phng:

________________________________________________________________________
31
==================================================================
: Giao Vu khoa
GUI: xem TKB

theo phong
Controller:
Thoi Khoa
BieuDao
1: chon phong
2: xem TKB theo phong
3: lay tu CSDL
4: hien thi ket qua TKB theo phong
2.4.4 Xem kt qu sp thi kha biu thc hnh:
: Giao Vu khoa
GUI: xem ket

qua sapTKB
Controller:
Thoi Khoa
BieuDao
1: xem ket qua sap TKB

2: xem ket qua sap TKB
3: lay tu CSDL
4: hien thi ket qua sap TKB
32
===============================================================
2.5. Hiu chnh thi kha biu
: Giao Vu khoa
GUI: HieuChinh
ThoiKhoaBieu
Controller: HieuChinh
ThoiKhoaBieu
Hieu Chinh Ket Qua

Sap
1: chon hieu chinh

2: hien thi giao dien hieu chinh
3: thuc hien hieu chinh theo yeu cau

4: kiem tra cac rang buoc
5: kiem tra cac rang buoc
6: cap nhat CSDL
7: goi thong bao hieu chinh thanh cong

8: goi thong bao hieu chinh khong thanh cong
9: ghi nhan thong bao hieu chinh lai hoac thoat
chi goi 1 trong

2 thong bao
10: usecase ket thuc
________________________________________________________________________
33
==================================================================
3. Thit k c s d liu
3.1 M hnh d liu:
34
===============================================================
3.2. M t bng trong c s d liu:

a. GiangVien: (idGiangVien, tenGiangVien)
Bng ny lu tr thng tin ca i tng ging vin, mi ging
vin s c m ging vin phn bit gia cc ging vin vi nhau.
Bng thuc tnh:
Stt
1
Tn thuc tnh
idGiangVien
tenGiangVien
Kiu d liu
varchar(20)
Rng buc
Primary
Din gii
M phn bit
key
gia cc ging
vin.
Tn ca ging
varchar(50)
vin
b. BangRangBuoc: (idMonHoc, idPhong)
Bng ny th hin ng vi mi mn hc th s c sp thc hnh
vo phng no th thch hp.
Bng thuc tnh:
Stt
1
Tn thuc tnh
idMonHoc
idPhong
Kiu d liu
varchar(20)
varchar(10)
Rng buc
Primary
Din gii
M tham
key
chiu ti
Primary
mn hc
M tham
key
chiu ti
phng
________________________________________________________________________
35
==================================================================
c.MonHoc:(idMonHoc, tenMonHoc, tinchiLyThuyet,

tinchiThucHanh)
Bng ny lu tr thng tin ca i tng mn hc, mi mn hc
s c m mn hc phn bit gia cc mn hc vi nhau.
Bng thuc tnh:
Stt
1
Tn thuc tnh
idMonHoc
Kiu d liu
varchar(20)
Rng buc
Primary
Din gii
M phn
key
bit gia cc
tenMonHoc
varchar(50)
mn hc
Tn ca mn
tinchiLyThuyet
int
hc
S tn ch l
thuyt ca tng
tinchiThucHanh
mn hc
S tn ch thc
int
hnh da trn
tn ch l
thuyt
36
===============================================================
d.Lop: (idLop, tenLop, siSo)

Bng ny lu tr thng tin ca i tng lp, mi lp s c m lp
phn bit gia cc lp.
Bng thuc tnh :
Stt Tn thuc tnh
1
idLop
2
3
tenLop
siSo
Kiu d liu
varchar(20)
Rng buc
Primary
Din gii
M phn bit
key
gia cc lp
Tn ca lp
S lng sinh
varchar(50)
int
vin trong mi
lp
e. LoaiPhong: (idLoaiPhong, yNghia)
Bng thuc tnh:
Stt
1
2
Tn thuc tnh
idLoaiPhong
yNghia
Kiu d liu
int
Rng buc
identity(1,1)
Din gii
M t pht
sinh 1, 2
Th hin loi
varchar(50)
phng l thc
hnh hay l
thuyt
f. TinhTrang: (idTinhTrang, yNghia)

Bng thuc tnh:
Stt Tn thuc tnh Kiu d liu
Rng buc
Din gii
________________________________________________________________________
37
==================================================================
1
2
idTinhTrang
int
yNghia
identity(1,1)
M t pht
sinh
Th hin
varchar(50)
tnh trng l
tt hay
khng tt
g. Phong:(idPhong,idLoaiPhong,idTinhTrang,soLuongSinhVien)
Bng ny lu tr thng tin ca i tng phng, mi phng s c
m phng phn bit gia cc phng vi nhau.
Bng thuc tnh:
Stt
1
2
Tn thuc tnh
idPhong
idLoaiPhong
Kiu d liu
varchar(10)
int
Rng buc
Primary key
Din gii
M phn bit
Foreign key
gia cc phng
Phng ny l phng
l thuyt hay thc
3
4
idTinhTrang
soLuongSinh
int
Foreign key
hnh
Phng tnh trng
tt hay khng tt
Mi phng cha ti
int
Vien
a l 48 sinh vin
vi 24 my
k. PhanCong:(idLop,idMonHoc,idGiangVien, coCanhThucHanh)
Bng ny lu tr thng tin c nh sau: vi mt lp, mi mn
hc th c phn cng dy bi ging vin no.
38
===============================================================
Bng thuc tnh:

Stt Tn thuc tnh
1
idLop
2
idMonHoc
Kiu d liu
varchar(20)
Rng buc
Primary
Din gii
M tham chiu
varchar(20)
key
Primary
ti lp
M tham chiu
key
Primary
ti mn hc
M tham chiu
key
ti ging vin
ging vin c
idGiangVien
varchar(20)
coCanhThucHanh
int
canh thc
hnh(1) hay
khng canh thc
hnh(0).
l. Lich:(idLop,idMonHoc,idGiangVien,idPhong,
thu,
tietBatDau,
tietKetThuc)
Bng ny th hin thi kha biu t phng o to gi xung.
Bng thuc tnh:
________________________________________________________________________
39
==================================================================
Stt
1
2
3
4
5
Tn thuc tnh
idLop
idMonHoc
idGiangVien
idPhong
thu
Kiu d liu
varchar(20)
Rng buc
Primary
Din gii
M tham chiu
varchar(20)
key
Primary
ti lp
M tham chiu
varchar(20)
key
Primary
ti mn hc
M tham chiu
varchar(10)
key
Primary
ti ging vin
M tham chiu
int
key
Primary
ti phng
Cc ngy trong
key
6
tietBatDau
int
tun
tit bt u ng
tietKetThuc
int
vi mi mn hc
tit kt thc ng
vi mi mn hc
m.ThoiKhoaBieu:(idLop,thu,idMonHoc,tenMonHoc,hinhThucHoc,
idGiangVien, tenGiangVien, tietBatDau, tietKetThuc, idPhong)
Bng ny th hin thi kha biu t phng o to cng vi vic
sp thc hnh cho cc lp sau khi chy chng trnh s lu vo y.
Bng thuc tnh:
Stt
1
2
3
Tn thuc tnh
idLop
Thu
idMonHoc
Kiu d liu
varchar(20)
Rng buc
Primary
Din gii
M tham chiu ti
int
key
Primary
lp
Cc ngy trong
varchar(20)
key
Primary
tun
M tham chiu ti
key
mn hc
40
===============================================================
4
5
6
tenMonHoc
hinhThucHoc
idGiangVien
varchar(50)
varchar(20)
Tn mn hc
L thuyt hay thc
varchar(20)
hnh
M tham chiu ti
tenGiangVien
varchar(50)
nhomThuc
int
Hanh
9
10
11
tietBatDau
tietKetThuc
idPhong
Primary
key
ging vin
Tn ca ging vin
Primary
Mi nhm thc
key
hnh ng vi mt
int
phng
Tit bt u ng
int
vi mi mn hc
Tit kt thc ng
varchar(10)
Primary
vi mi mn hc
M tham chiu ti
key
phng
n. PhanPhongThucHanh:(idLop,idMonHoc, soPhongThucHanh)
Bng ny th hin cho tng lp, ng vi mi mn hc c thc
hnh th lp s c sp thc hnh l bao nhiu phng.
Bng thuc tnh:
Stt
Tn thuc tnh
Kiu d liu
Rng buc
Din gii
idLop
varchar(20)
Primary key
M tham
chiu ti
idMonHoc
varchar(20)
Primary key
lp
M tham
chiu ti
________________________________________________________________________
41
==================================================================
mn hc
3
soPhongThucHanh int
S phng
thc hnh
cho tng
lp, ng
vi mi
mn hc c
thc hnh.
* Ngoi cc bng trn cn c mt s bng phc v cho bi ton:

o.Thamso:(soLanLap, soLuongCaThe, soLuongGen, xacSuatLai,
xacSuatDotBien, xacSuatDaoGen, tiLeCaTheLayTuTheHeChaMe)
Bng ny th hin cc tham s cn cho qu trnh sp thi kho
biu giai on dng thut ton GA(gii thut di truyn)
Bng thuc tnh:
Stt
1
Tn thuc tnh
soLanLap
Kiu d liu
int
Rng buc
Din gii
S ln lp cn
cho gii thut
2
3
4
soLuongCaThe
soLuongGen
xacSuatLai
int
di truyn
S lng c
int
dec(3,3)
th ()
S lng gen
Xc sut lai
42
===============================================================
xacSuatDotBien
xacSuatDaoGen
tiLeCaTheLayTu
dec(3,3)
Xc sut t
dec(3,3)
bin
Xc sut o
dec(3,3)
gen
T l c th ly
TheHeChaMe
t th h cha
m
p.DangNhap: (ten, matkhau)

Bng ny th hin gio v khoa mun vo h thng phi c tn v
mt khu hp l.
Bng thuc tnh:
Stt Tn thuc tnh
1
ten
2
matkhau
Kiu d liu
varchar(50)
varchar(50)
Rng buc
Din gii
Tn ngi s
Primary
dng
Mi ngi
key
dng c mt
khu ring.
q. BangThoiGianThucHanh: (ThoiGianThucHanh)
Bng thuc tnh:
Stt
1
Tn thuc tnh
Kiu d liu
ThoiGianThucHanh varchar(30)
Rng buc
Din gii
Th hin
thi gian
thc hnh
trong ngy.
________________________________________________________________________
43
==================================================================
r. BangDSCacThuDuocSap: (DanhSachThuDuocSap)
Bng thuc tnh:
Stt
1
Tn thuc tnh
DanhSachThuDuocSap
Kiu d liu
int
Rng buc
Din gii
Th hin cc
ngy trong
tun s c
sp(c th
lun ngy
ch nht)
III. M hnh x l:
1 M hnh ha bi ton:
tin hnh vic sp thi kha biu, ta s thit lp hai ma trn v
cc mng nh x.
nh x ct: th hin mt dng trn ma trn s ng vi String
thu_Phong_Tiet
nh x dng: th hin mt ct trn ma trn s ng vi String
lp_Mon_GiangVien_Nhom.
Ma trn kt qu lu kt qu sp xp.
Ma trn hin trng lu ngy bn ca lp v ging vin.
Mi lp mn s ng vi cc ct trong ma trn.
44
===============================================================
________________________________________________________________________
45
==================================================================
Lc thc hin bi ton Sp thi kha biu thc hnh
2. Gii thut Di Truyn v ng dng.

2.1 Khi qut v gii thut Di Truyn:
2.1.1. Lch s gii thut di truyn:
46
===============================================================
Trc tin, nim v gii thut di truyn c mt s nh sinh

vt hc a ra t nhng nm 50-60, th k XX. A.S. Fraser l ngi tin phong nu
ln s tng ng gia s tin ha ca sinh vt v chng trnh tin hc gi tng v
Genetic Algorithms(GA).
Tuy nhin, chnh John Henry Holland mi l ngi trin khai
tng v phng php gii quyt vn da theo s tin ha. T nhng bi ging,
bi bo ca mnh, ng c kt cc tng vo trong cun sch u tay
Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, xut bn nm 1975. Da trn l
thuyt c bn v GA ca Holand, Keneth De Jong trin khai v chng minh
nhng thnh qu do ng thc hin gp phn quan trng trong vic to ra nn
tng ton hc cho l thuyt GA.
Ln u tin Holand nghin cu cc gii thut ny, chng hon
ton khng c tn. Do ngun gc ca phng php ny l t cc gen di truyn,
Holand t tn cho n l thut gii di truyn.
2.1.2. Cc c im, c trng ca gii thut di truyn:
Gii thut di truyn m phng s chn lc t nhin v di
truyn. Trong t nhin, cc c th khe, c kh nng thch nghi vi mi trng tt
s c tn ti v pht trin cc th h sau. Mi c th c cu trc gen c trng
cho tnh cht ca c th .
Trong qu trnh sinh sn, cc c th con c th tha hng cc
phm cht ca cha m, cu trc gen ca n mang mt phn cu trc gen ca cha m.
Ngoi ra, trong qu trnh tin ha, c th xy ra hin tng t bin, cu trc gen
ca c th con c th cha cc gen m c cha m u khng c.
Trong gii thut di truyn, mi c th c m ha bi mt cu
trc d liu m t cu trc gen ca c th , ta gi n l nhim sc th. Mi nhim
sc th c to thnh t cc n v c gi l gen.
Gii thut di truyn s lm vic trn cc qun th gm nhiu c
th. Mt qun th ng vi mt giai on pht trin gi l mt th h.
T mt th h c to ra, gii thut di truyn bt chc s chn
lc t nhin v di truyn bin i cc th h.
2.1.3. Cc thnh phn ca gii thut di truyn :
________________________________________________________________________
47
==================================================================
2.1.3.1 Khi to qun th ban u

To qun th u tin trong gii thut, l ni xut pht qu
trnh tin ha, bao gm tt c cc gi tr th ban u. Ty theo vn ca bi ton
m c cch khi to khc nhau.
2.1.3.2. nh gi c th
Chc chn rng vic chn c th s thng qua kt qu, hay
mc ch ca vn . Cc c th tt c chn lc a vo th h sau. S la
chn ny c thc hin da vo thch nghi vi mi trng ca mi c th.
C nhiu phng php chn cc nhim sc th tt nht, v
d: chn lc roulette wheel, chn lc xp hng, chn lc cnh tranh, v.v
+Chc lc Roulette wheel
Cc c th cha m c chn theo thch nghi ca chng.
Nhim sc th tt hn c c hi cao hn tham d vo th h tip theo.
Thut gii chn lc roulette(Davis, [1991,8]) nh sau:
Tnh tng gi tr thch nghi ca tt c thnh vin qun th v
gi n l tng thch nghi (total fitness).
Pht sinh mt s n l s ngu nhin trong khong t 0 n
tng thch nghi.
Tr li thnh vin qun th u tin m thch nghi ca n
cng vi thch nghi ca cc thnh vin qun th trc ln hn hay bng n
V d:
o Vi pop_size = 3
o Fit[0] = 0,0032
o Fit[1] = 0,0576
o Fit[2] = 0,0264
Sum = 0,0872
Gi s: random01() = 0,5
rand = 0,5 * 0,0872 = 0,0436
j = 0; partsum = fit[0] = 0,0032
j = 1; partsum = 0,0032 + fit[1] = 0,0608
partsum > rand i = j = 1; select() = 1;
48
===============================================================
+Chn lc xp hng (Rank Selection)

Phng php ny s sp hng c th da trn thch nghi
ca chng. C th xu nht s c gi tr 1, k tip l 2, v.vv c th tt nht s c
thch nghi N (N l s nhim sc th trong qun th).
+Chn lc cnh tranh (Tournament Selection)
- Chn lc cnh tranh 2 (2-tournament selection)
Hai nhim sc th khc nhau c chn ngu nhin v c
so snh vi nhim sc th tn ti. Nu nhim sc th I1 khng tt hn nhim sc th
I2 ngha l: f(I1) f(I2), th nhim sc th I1 cht i v b loi ra khi qun th. Qu
trnh ny lp li n ht N nhim sc th cn li.
- Chn lc cnh tranh 3 (3-tournament selection)
Ging nh trn, ba nhim sc th khc nhau c chn ngu
nhin v c so snh. Nu chng ta c f(I1) f(I2) v f(I1) f(I3), th nhim sc
th I1 cht i v b loi ra khi qun th. Qu trnh ny lp li n ht N nhim sc
th cn li.
2.1.3.3 Ton t lai ghp:
Ton t lai ghp c trt t bao gm cc bc sau:
1. Chn ngu nhin mt chui con t mt c th cha m (parent).
2 a ra mt proto-child bng cch sao chp chui con vo nhng
v tr tng ng nh trong c th cha m.
3. Xo tt c cc k hiu t c th cha m th hai, lc ny c
trong chui con. Chui cn li cha cc k hiu m proto-child cn.
4. t cc k hiu vo nhng v tr khng c nh ca proto-child
t tri sang phi theo trt t ca chui to ra c th con.
V d:
C th cha: 9 3 | 8 5 7 1 | 6 4 2
C th con: 3 5 | 2 6 1 4 | 8 7 9
u tin, phn on gia ct cc im c sao chp vo c th
con.
Proto-child 1:
x x | 8 5 7 1| x x x
Proto-child 1:
x x | 2 6 1 4| x x x
________________________________________________________________________
49
==================================================================
Chui bt u t im ct th hai ca c th cha m th hai l:

8-7-9-3-5-2-6-1-4
Chui sau khi loi b cc phn t 8, 5, 7 v 1, cng trong c th
con u tin l: 9-3-2-6-4
Cui cng, chui ny c t vo proto-child 1 u tin to ra
c th con (bt u t im ct th hai).
C th con th nht: 6 4 | 8 5 7 1 | 9 3 2
Tng t, chng ta c c th con khc:
C th con th hai:
5 7 | 2 6 1 4 |9 3 8
2.1.3.4 Ton t t bin:

+t bin o ngc(Inversion Mutation)
Chn hai v tr ngu nhin trong mt nhim sc th v sau ,
nghch o chui gia hai v tr ny.
V d:
Nhim sc th :
938571642
Sau khi t bin : 9 3 1 7 5 8 6 4 2

+t bin chn (Insertion Mutation)
Chn ngu nhin mt gen v sau chn n vo v tr ngu nhin.
V d:
Nhim sc th :
938571642
Sau t bin:
935781642
+t bin thay th (Displacement Mutation)

Chn ngu nhin mt chui con v chn n vo mt v tr ngu
nhin.
t bin chn c th c xem nh trng hp c bit ca t
bin thay, trong , chui con ch cha mt gen.
V d:
Nhim sc th:
938571642
Sau t bin:
936857142
+t bin tng h (Reciprocal Exchange Mutation)

50
===============================================================
Chn ngu nhin hai v tr v sau hon v gen trn nhng

v tr ny.
V d:
Nhim sc th:
938571642
Sau t bin:
931578642
2.1.3.5 t bin chuyn dch (Shift Mutation)

Trc tin, chn ngu nhin mt gen, sau , dch chuyn n
n mt v tr ngu nhin bn phi hoc bn tri v tr ca gen.
V d:
Nhim sc th:
938571642
Sau t bin (tri):
983571642
Sau t bin (phi):
935871642
2.1.3.6. iu kin kt thc:

Thot ra qu trnh tin ha qun th, da vo bi ton m c cc
cch kt thc vn khc nhau mt khi t n mc yu cu. Mt vi trng hp
thng thng nh sau:
o Kt thc theo kt qu: mt khi t n mc gi tr yu cu th
chm dt ngay qu trnh thc hin.
o Kt thc da vo s th h: chn s th h, qu trnh s dng
ng ngay s th h qui nh trc, khng cn bit kt qu nh th no.
o Tnh theo thi gian: khng cn bit bao nhiu th h hay kt
qu no, ch da vo s gi qui nh m kt thc.
o T hp: dng nhiu phng n khc nhau cho vn , chng hn
nh: chy theo s th h xong sau nh gi cho chy theo kt qu, hoc ngc
li.
2.2. ng dng gii thut Di Truyn.

Ta c th hnh dung m hnh bi ton trong gii thut di truyn nh
sau: gm mt qun th cha tt c cc kt qu c th c c ca bi ton, ri t
chn ra kt qu tt nht.
________________________________________________________________________
51
==================================================================
V th suy ra, b nhim sc th trong mi c th chnh l mt kiu

sp xp lch thc hnh, ng thi phi p ng c vn bi ton t ra: cc
nhim sc th khng c trng nhau, khng c thiu lp-mn no.
Mi nhim sc th c biu din bi mt chui gen l chui cc s nguyn.
V d: Gi s ta c s lp-mn = 8 th ta c b nhim sc th y nh sau:
2
4
0
6
0
3
4
7
5
0
6
1
Ta c nh x gia cc s nguyn v cc lp-mn:

V d: maLop-maMonHoc s nguyn
DH03DT_14454
DH03DT_14346
DH05DT_14341
DH04DT_14244
DH04DT_14344
DH04DT_14343
DH04DT_14257
CD05TH_14302
T ta c th suy ra c th t sp xp cc lp-mn da vo th
t ca cc s nguyn trn chui gen.
* thch nghi v chn c th:

Qun th l mt danh sch cc c th: chui gen cc s nguyn
ng vi tng lp-mn, gi tr thch nghi fit. Vic c lng kt qu sp xp c
thc hin bng cch tnh tng s lp-mn c sp (s dng chin lc tm kim
52
===============================================================
Greedy tm ra cc lp mn c sp, sau tnh tng s lp mn c sp ).

Cui cng tr v gi tr c lng ca c th, m kt qu ny c a vo bin fit
theo tng c th tng ng.
Vic chn la s da trn bin fit bng cch: sp xp li qun
th theo thch nghi gim dn, sau ly t trn xung tt c cc c th (k c cha
m ln con ci), vi s lng bng s c th ban u.
* Lai ghp v t bin:
Hai phn ny, c l c ni r trong chng trc. y
xin c ni ngn gn, v lai ghp, ta dng lai ghp c trt t:
Cn v t bin: ch vic hon v hai nhim sc th mt cch ngu

nhin trong c th.
V o gen: Mt c th thay i v tr cc gen to thnh c

th mi.
Chn im dng trong thut ton

Nh nu trn, chng ta c th kt thc thut ton vi nhiu iu
kin dng khc nhau. Vi bi ton sp thi kho biu thc hnh ny, ta chn cch
dng theo s th h.
________________________________________________________________________
53
==================================================================
Khi iu kin dng tha, thut ton kt thc v cho ta nhim sc

th tt nht. T ta s c c mt kiu sp thi kha biu thc hnh vi s lp
mn sp c l cao nht.
3. Chin lc tm kim ti u cc b (gii thut Greedy) v

ng dng:
3.1 Khi qut gii thut Greedy:
Greedy search l mt trong nhng chin lc tm kim ti u cc b,
thng c s dng tm gii php ban u.
Trong tm kim heuristic, hm nh gi ng mt vai tr cc k
quan trng, nh hng n hiu qu ca gii thut tm kim.
Nu hm nh gi khng chnh xc n c th dn ta i chch hng
v do tm kim km hiu qu. Trong qu trnh tm kim, ti mi bc ta s chn
trng thi pht trin l trng thi c gi tr hm nh gi tt nht, trng thi ny
c xem l trng thi ha hn nht hng ti ch.
Bn cnh , Greedy search cn c xem l tm kim theo b rng,
c hng dn bi hm nh gi. Nhng n khc vi tm kim theo b rng ch
trong tm kim theo b rng ta ln lt pht trin tt c cc nh mc hin ti
sinh ra cc nh mc tip theo, cn trong Greedy search ta chn nh pht trin
l nh tt nht c xc nh bi hm nh gi (tc l nh c gi tr hm nh gi
l tt nht), nh ny c th mc hin ti hoc cc mc trn.
V d:
Xt khng gian trng thi c biu din bi th sau:
54
===============================================================
Trong , trng thi ban u l A, trng thi kt thc l B. Gi tr

ca hm nh gi l cc s ghi cnh mi nh.
Qu trnh tm kim Greedy din ra nh sau: u tin pht trin
nh A sinh ra cc nh k l C, D v E. Trong ba nh ny, nh D c gi tr hm
nh gi nh nht, n c chn pht trin v sinh ra F, I.
Trong s cc nh cha c pht trin C, E, F, I th nh E c gi
tr nh gi nh nht, n c chn pht trin v sinh ra cc nh G, K. Trong s
cc nh cha c pht trin th G tt nht, pht trin G sinh ra B, H. n y ta
t ti trng thi kt thc.
Cy tm kim Greedy
3.2. ng dng chin lc tm kim cc b(gii thut Greedy)
________________________________________________________________________
55
==================================================================
ng vi mi mt th t lp mn (cc ct trn ma trn hin trng) s

c xc nh t gii thut di truyn, gii thut Greedy p dng trong bi ton ny
xc nh mt thi kha biu.
Ti mi ct theo th t s, v tr trn dng c la chn sp xp l
v tr u tin cc i ha trng lp (l s ln xut hin con s 1 ti dng trn
tt c cc ct ca ma trn hin trng ) cc phn t trn dng v ct ng vi v tr la
chn . Trong ng dng ny trng lp c xem nh gi tr ca hm heuristic
ti v tr chn la trn mt ct.
Th d sau y s minh ha:
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Gi s ti ct 0 l v tr c chn sp, bc u chn c cc

dng 0, 1, 2 tha cc rng buc ca bi ton. ng vi 3 dng ny ta tnh c
tng trng lp l 8. Tip theo ta chn c cc dng 1, 2, 3 tha rng buc v
tng trng lp ca cc dng ny l 10 v cui cng l cc dng 3, 4, 5 tha rng
buc, tng trng lp ca cc dng ny l 5.
Qua , ta thy ng vi cc dng 1, 2, 3 c tng trng lp l
cc i, ta tin hnh cp nht s 1 ti cc dng ny ct ang xt trn ma trn kt
qu (qu trnh cp nht c nu bn di).
Qu trnh xc nh cc rng buc ca bi ton v tin hnh cp
nht kt qu sp c thc hin nh sau .
3.2.1. Xc nh cc rng buc

3.2.1.1 Rng buc hin trng :
- i vi ging vin: xc nh cc thi gian dy ca ging vin.
56
===============================================================
- i vi lp: xc nh cc thi gian hc ca lp.

khi sp lch thc hnh khng b trng vo nhng thi gian ny.
V d: Thi kha biu l thuyt :
Lp
DH03DT
CD03THM
Th
2
2
MMH
14246
14208
Tn Mn Hc
LpTrnh Mng 1
Qun Tr Mng
M GV
694
694
Tn GingVin
Phm Vn Tnh
Phm Vn Tnh
Tit
15
711
*Xt ngy bn ca lp :
Lp DH03DT cn 2 phng thc hnh, th ta s c 2 ct tng ng
trn bng hin trng l DH03DT_14246_694_1 v DH03DT_14246_672_1 v lp
CD03THM cn 1 phng th ta s c 1 ct tng ng trn bng hin trng. Ta thy
vo th 2 t tit 1 5 th lp DH03DT bn khng th thc hnh vo th ny tit
ny. Tng ng trn bng hin trng ta t s 1 vo tt c cc phng ti th tit ny.
* Xt ngy bn ca ging vin :
Theo thi kha biu l thuyt trn th ging vin 694 dy t tit 1
5 v t tit 7 11 ngy th 2. Nn ti cc ct c lin quan n ging vin u
phi t s 1 ti cc th tit ny.
Nh bng hin trng bn di, ta thy trn cng mt ct cc s 1
mu en m l thi gian dy ca ging vin, cn cc s 1 mu en l do thi gian
hc ca lp.
Ma trn hin trng:

________________________________________________________________________
57
==================================================================
THU_PHONG_TIET
2_P1_1
2_P1_2
2_P1_3
2_P1_4
2_P1_5
2_P1_6
2_P1_7
2_P1_8
2_P1_9
2_P1_10
2_P1_11
2_P1_12
3_P1_1
3_P1_2
3_P1_3
3_P1_4
3_P1_5
3_P1_6
3_P1_7
3_P1_8
3_P1_9
3_P1_10
3_P1_11
3_P1_12
3_P1K_1
3_P1K_2
3_P1K_3
3_P1K_4
3_P1K_5
3_P1K_6
3_P1K_7
3_P1K_8
3_P1K_9
.
CD03THM_14208_694_1
DH03DT_14246_694_1
DH03DT_14246_672_1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.2.1.2 Rng buc gia mn hc v phng:

- i vi mt s mn hc khng c thc hnh ti mt s phng
my nht nh v tc my chm, thiu cc chng trnh ci t nn khng p
ng c yu cu hc tp
V d:
i vi mn lp trnh mng th khng c thc hnh phng
my 4 v phng M306.
3.2.1.3 Rng buc tit:
- Cc tit thc hnh c sp trnh ri vo 2 bui (tit 6 v tit 7
hoc tit 12 v tit 1)
58
===============================================================
V d: mt mn thc hnh 3 tit khng th thc hnh 2 tit bui sng v

mt tit bui chiu
3.2.1.4 Rng buc v thi gian thc hnh:
- Cng mt lp mn c th thc hnh cng mt thi gian nhng
khc phng.
V d: Lp DH03DT thc hnh mn Lp Trnh Mng cn 2 phng th c
th thc hnh vo tit 1 n tit 5 phng my 1 v 2.
3.2.1.5 Hn ch s phng thc hnh cho mt s lp:
- Vi tnh trng thiu phng hin nay ca khoa CNTT th gio v
c th hn ch bt s lng phng thc hnh cho mt s lp ng vi mt s mn
hc
V d: Lp DH04DT thc hnh mn Thit K Hng i Tng cn 3
phng, gio v c th hn ch li s phng thc hnh ny l 2.
3.2.1.6 Hn ch ging vin canh thc hnh:
- Vi tnh trng thiu ging vin canh thc hnh hin nay ca khoa
CNTT th gio v c th hn ch bt s lng ging vin canh thc hnh .
V d :
Lp DH04DT thc hnh mn Lp Trnh Mng1 cn 3 ging vin
canh thc hnh 3 phng, gio v c th hn ch li s lng ging vin canh thc
hnh l 2. Ging vin no c s tit dy l thuyt nhiu hn s canh thc hnh t
hn.
3.2.2 Qu trnh sp xp cc lp mn:
ng vi mi mt th t lp mn s c xc nh t gii thut di
truyn, ta tin hnh sp xp trn tng lp mn. Mi mt lp mn ta s xc nh
c cc ct lin quan ti lp mn trn ma trn kt qu.
V d: ta c mt th t cc lp mn s c sp l:
DH03DT_14246, CD03THM_14208,
Vy DH03DT_14246 s c sp trc.
Cc ct lin quan ti DH03DT_14246 l ct 1 v 2. Ta s tin
hnh kim tra cc rng buc trn tng ct xem c tha hay khng.
________________________________________________________________________
59
==================================================================
Trc tin ta xc nh mn 14246 thc hnh 5 tit. T ct 1, gi

s ta tm c tit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 vo th 3, phng my P1 l tha rng buc v
trng lp l cc i. Ti ma trn kt qu, ta cp nht s 1 trn cc dng ny ti ct 1,
ng thi cp nht -1 ln ct 2 khi ct 2 bt u tm v tr sp th trnh ri vo
phng ny th ny tit ny, nhng c th sp vo th ny tit ny ti mt phng
my khc.
Ma trn kt qu:
THU_PHONG_TIET
2_P1_1
2_P1_2
2_P1_3
2_P1_4
2_P1_5
2_P1_6
2_P1_7
2_P1_8
2_P1_9
2_P1_10
2_P1_11
2_P1_12
3_P1_1
CD03THM_14208_694_1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DH03DT_14246_694_1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
60
DH03DT_14246_672_1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
===============================================================
3_P1_2
3_P1_3
3_P1_4
3_P1_5
3_P1_6
3_P1_7
3_P1_8
3_P1_9
3_P1_10
3_P1_11
3_P1_12
3_P1K_1
3_P1K_2
3_P1K_3
3_P1K_4
3_P1K_5
3_P1K_6
3_P1K_7
3_P1K_8
3_P1K_9
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ta tin hnh d tm trn ct 2:

Gi s ta tm c tit 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 vo th 2, phng my P1
tha cc rng buc v trng lp l cc i. Ta tin hnh cp nht nh trn.
THU_PHONG_TIET
2_P1_1
2_P1_2
2_P1_3
2_P1_4
2_P1_5
2_P1_6
2_P1_7
2_P1_8
2_P1_9
2_P1_10
2_P1_11
2_P1_12
3_P1_1
3_P1_2
3_P1_3
3_P1_4
3_P1_5
3_P1_6
3_P1_7
3_P1_8
3_P1_9
3_P1_10
3_P1_11
3_P1_12
3_P1K_1
3_P1K_2
CD03THM_14208_694_1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DH03DT_14246_694_1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DH03DT_14246_672_1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
________________________________________________________________________
61
==================================================================
3_P1K_3
3_P1K_4
3_P1K_5
3_P1K_6
3_P1K_7
3_P1K_8
3_P1K_9
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
* Ti y, ct 1 v ct 2 u c sp, ta tin hnh cp nht -1 trn

dng ca cc ct cn li, ng thi cp nht -1 trn cc dng ti cc ct c lin quan
ti lp v ging vin ca ct ang xt.
Cp nht trn dng: ta cp nht tt c cc ct trn ma trn kt qu
(tr ct 1 v 2) l -1, v vo th ny tit ny phng ny ch c mt ct c sp.
Cho nn trn mt dng khng th c 2 con s 1.
62
===============================================================
V d: maTranKetQua[18][0] = maTranKetQua[18][0] - 1
THU_PHONG_TIET
2_P1_1
2_P1_2
2_P1_3
2_P1_4
2_P1_5
2_P1_6
2_P1_7
2_P1_8
2_P1_9
2_P1_10
2_P1_11
2_P1_12
3_P1_1
3_P1_2
3_P1_3
3_P1_4
3_P1_5
3_P1_6
3_P1_7
3_P1_8
3_P1_9
3_P1_10
3_P1_11
3_P1_12
3_P1K_1
3_P1K_2
3_P1K_3
3_P1K_4
3_P1K_5
3_P1K_6
3_P1K_7
3_P1K_8
3_P1K_9
.
CD03THM_14208_694_1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DH03DT_14246_694_1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DH03DT_14246_672_1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
________________________________________________________________________
63
==================================================================
Sau khi cp nht trn dng xong, ta tin hnh cp nht trn cc ct
c lin quan ti lp v ging vin ca ct ang xt (tr ct 1 v 2). V ti thi im
ny, lp v ging vin u bn gi thc hnh nn s khng c sp vo na.
Ti ct 1, ta xc nh c ct lin quan ti lp v ging vin l
ct 0. Ta tin hnh cp nht s -1 trn cc dng ng vi cc tit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 vo th
3 ti tt c cc phng thc hnh tr phng P1.
maTranKetQua[12][0] = maTranKetQua[12][0] - 1
THU_PHONG_TIET
CD03THM_14208_694_1
DH03DT_14246_694_1
64
DH03DT_14246_672_1
===============================================================
2_P1_1
2_P1_2
2_P1_3
2_P1_4
2_P1_5
2_P1_6
2_P1_7
2_P1_8
2_P1_9
2_P1_10
2_P1_11
2_P1_12
3_P1_1
3_P1_2
3_P1_3
3_P1_4
3_P1_5
3_P1_6
3_P1_7
3_P1_8
3_P1_9
3_P1_10
3_P1_11
3_P1_12
3_P1K_1
3_P1K_2
3_P1K_3
3_P1K_4
3_P1K_5
3_P1K_6
3_P1K_7
3_P1K_8
3_P1K_9
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Thao tc cp nht trn dng v ct ca ct 1 xong, ta s lm

tng t cho ct 2.
Trng hp gi tr ct 2 khng c tm thy, tc l ct 2 khng
c sp do khng tha nhng rng buc, th ta phi tin hnh cp nht tt c cc
dng trn ct 1 v 2 l -1.
maTranKetQua[0][1] = -1;
THU_PHONG_TIET
2_P1_1
2_P1_2
2_P1_3
2_P1_4
2_P1_5
2_P1_6
2_P1_7
2_P1_8
2_P1_9
2_P1_10
2_P1_11
2_P1_12
CD03THM_14208_694_1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
DH03DT_14246_694_1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
DH03DT_14246_672_1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
________________________________________________________________________
65
==================================================================
3_P1_1
3_P1_2
3_P1_3
3_P1_4
3_P1_5
3_P1_6
3_P1_7
3_P1_8
3_P1_9
3_P1_10
3_P1_11
3_P1_12
3_P1K_1
3_P1K_2
3_P1K_3
3_P1K_4
3_P1K_5
3_P1K_6
3_P1K_7
3_P1K_8
3_P1K_9
.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Sau khi sp xong mt lp mn, ta s i ti lp mn k tip.

Qu trnh sp xp kt thc, ta s tnh tng s lp mn sp c,
gi tr ny s l thch nghi ca nhim sc th trong gii thut di truyn.
66
===============================================================
Chng 4: Kt qu thc nghim

I. Mi trng v cng c pht trin ng dng:
* Mi trng pht trin:
Chng trnh vit bng ngn ng Java, c trin khai trn JBuilder
2006.
* Cng c thit k h thng Rational Rose 2003
* H qun tr c s d liu: PostgreSQL 8.0
* H iu hnh dng cho h thng Window XP
II. S liu thc t:

T kt qu thc nghim, sau khi chy th nhiu ln v nhn thy ng
vi cc s liu sau y cho kt qu kh thi:
S lng c th 100.
Xc sut lai bng 0.8.
Xc sut t bin bng 0.05.
Xc sut o gen bng 0.05.
T l c th ly t th h cha m 0.3.
Trong thc nghim s ln lp 30 l cho ra kt qu kh n nh.
Chng trnh c chy trn cu hnh my tc Pentium(R) 4, CPU
2.40 GHz, 256MB of RAM.
________________________________________________________________________
67
==================================================================
Bng kt qu sp c ng vi hc k II nm 2005-2006:
S ln lp
1
4
10
30
40
S lngc th
100
100
100
100
100
S lng gen
65
65
65
65
65
Kt qu t c
65/65
65/65
65/65
65/65
65/65
Thi gian
26pht
58pht
1gi30 pht
4gi20 pht
5gi58 pht
Chng 5: Kt lun v hng pht trin

I. Kt qu t c
*p dng c gii thut di truyn v tm kim cc b gii quyt
bi ton sp thi kho biu thc hnh cho khoa CNTT.
* H thng gip Gio V khoa c th sp lch thc hnh cho cc
lp vo u mi hc k, hu ht cc chc nng sau khi x l xong u hot ng
tt, p ng c yu cu t ra.
* Bc u gii quyt c tnh trng thc t ca khoa CNTT l
thiu phng thc hnh v thiu ging vin canh thc hnh.
* Vi s liu thc nghim c c t (3 hc k) phng php th
hin tnh kh thi.
II. Hn ch - Hng pht trin trong tng lai

1. Hn ch:
+ Do gii thut di truyn mang tnh cht ngu nhin nn i khi kt
qu t c khng phi l 100%.
+ Gii thut Di Truyn c th gii quyt bi ton ti u bt k (cc
tiu ha hm mc tiu) vi n bin vo. Tuy nhin, vi s lng bin vo kh nhiu,
cc gi tr hm mc tiu t c thng khng gn vi kt qu ti u thc s.
khc phc vn ny, c th tng s lng vng lp, hy vng ln sinh sn mun s
hnh thnh nhng con chu vi thch nghi cao ng vi cc gi tr hm mc tiu
gn kt qu ti u thc s nht.
+ Chc nng hiu chnh cha c nhng gip thit thc.
68
===============================================================
+ Cha to c s linh ng trong vic h tr cc mc u tin

(cho ging vin).
2. Hng pht trin trong tng lai

+ Sp thi kha biu thc hnh theo nhiu mc u tin hn( u
tin cho ging vin.).
+ Hon thin chc nng hiu chnh ngi dng c th linh ng
hn trong qu trnh hiu chnh.
Ti liu tham kho

[1] Leo H.W. Yeung v Wallace K.S. Tang, Strip-packing using
hybrid genetic approach.
[2] inh Mnh Tng v Nguyn Hong Cng, Gio trnh tr tu
nhn to khoa Cng ngh thng tin, i hc Quc Gia H Ni (.pdf)
[3] R. Feldman and M.C. Golumbic, Optimization algorithms for
student scheduling via constraint satisfiability, The Computer Journal, 33, 1990,
356-364.
[4] M. Almond. An algorithm for constructing university timetables,
Computer Journal, 8, 1966, 331-340.
[5] Hong Kim, L Hong Thi, Thut gii Di Truyn Cch gii
t nhin cc bi ton trn my tnh, Nh xut bn gio dc, 2000.
[6] Marco Chiarandini, An Effective Hybrid Algorithm for
University Course Timetabling.
________________________________________________________________________
69
==================================================================
Ph lc
I. Hng dn s dng phn mm
Cc chc nng chnh ca h thng ch c s dng khi ngi dng
ng nhp thnh cng. V th, khi bt u chy chng trnh th h thng lun hin
ra trang ng nhp ngi dng ng nhp vo h thng.
Ngi dng phi ghi y thng tin trn hai textField: tn v mt

khu. Click
truy cp vo h thng.
70
===============================================================
Khi cng vic ng nhp ca ngi dng khng thnh cng (do sai
tn hay mt khu) th h thng s hin ra thng bo sau:
Ngi dng click vo nt
thc hin li vic ng nhp. Khi
ng nhp thnh cng, th ngi dng mi c vo bn trong v lm vic vi h

thng.
* Cc chc nng chnh ca chng trnh sp thi kha biu l :
________________________________________________________________________
71
==================================================================
* Chc nng thay i mt khu ca chng trnh s h tr ngi

dng c th i mt khu.
* Chc nng Nhp d liu ca chng trnh sp thi kho biu bao
gm cc thao tc sau: nhp lch hc l thuyt, nhp mn hc, nhp lp, nhp ging
vin, nhp phng, xt rng buc mn hc (vi mn hc va nhp s c thc hnh
72
===============================================================
phng my no). Cc chc nng ny h tr ngi dng trong vic nhp thi kha
biu t phng o to a xung.
Ch : Ton b cng vic nhp d liu cho Thi kha biu cn c

tin hnh xong trc khi tin hnh vic xp Thi kha biu.
*Nhp mn hc:
________________________________________________________________________
73
==================================================================
Khi nhn nt Nhp mn hc s xut hin ca s trn, ngi dng

phi nhp y thng tin v mn hc nh: m mn hc, tn mn hc, tn ch l
thuyt, tn ch thc hnh. Sau nhn nt
d liu s c chn xung c
s d liu, ng thi xut hin thng bo.
Nu d liu nhp khng ng, khi nhn
s hin ra thng bo
sau:
Nhn
thc hin li vic nhp thng tin v mn hc.
74
===============================================================
Nu bn mun xo thng tin mn hc no th check vo

ng trn bng sau nhn nt
tng
thc hin xo thng tin mn hc .
Sau khi thc hin xong thao tc nhp mn hc, mun thot khi giao din ny bn
nhn nt
kt thc.
* Tng t cho ca s nhp Lp, nhp Ging vin, nhp Phng, xt
Rng buc mn hc
* Khi chn xt rng buc Ging Vin s hin th giao din sau:
Giao din ny th hin c ngy bn ring t ca tng Ging vin.

V d: C Mai Anh Th bn v l do ring vo th hai (tit1-5) v
th 6 (tit7-11) s check vo cc tng ng nh sau: Khi nhn nt
lu xung c s d liu.
________________________________________________________________________
75
==================================================================
* Khi nhn nt Nhp lch hc l thuyt, s xut hin ca s sau:
Nu bn mun to mi c s d liu (khng dng c s d liu

c) th chn
. Ngc li, chn
76
===============================================================
* Nhp lch hc l thuyt:
Ngi dng s nhp lch hc l thuyt t cc thng tin m chng

trnh h tr sn, nu khng c cc thng tin v lp, mn hc, phng hay ging vin
ngi dng s tr v cc giao din nhp lp, nhp mn hc, nhp phng, nhp
ging vin tin hnh nhp thm cc thng tin, ri quay li giao din ny thc
hin tip.
Khi nhp y cc thng tin yu cu, nu mn hc c thc
hnh th phi phn ging vin canh thc hnh cho mn hc . ng thi, vi s
lng phng hn ch nh hin nay, gio v c th gim s phng thc hnh cho
tng lp ng vi mi mn hc c thc hnh.
________________________________________________________________________
77
==================================================================
Nu mn hc c thc hnh m khi nhp gio v qun phn cng

thc hnh, khi nhn nt
Chn
Chn
s hin th thng bo.
th mn hc s khng c phn thi gian thc hnh.
th s quay li phn cng thc hnh nh giao din sau.
Sau khi nhp y cc thng tin v lch v phn cng ging vin canh
thc hnh, nhn nt
bn di lu xung c s d liu.
78
===============================================================
* Cp nht phn cng thc hnh:

Nu gio v mun cp nht li danh sch ging vin canh thc
hnh hay s phng thc hnh, phi nh du check vo
tng ng vi dng
mun cp nht. i vi mn hc khng c thc hnh m gio v click vo dng

lch s hin th thng bo.
________________________________________________________________________
79
==================================================================
Ngc li i vi mn hc c thc hnh, nhn
s hin ra
giao din :
Nu mun thay i ging vin canh thc hnh no, th check vo

tn ging vin , nhn nt
xo i ging vin trong danh sch ging
vin canh thc hnh. Sau , chn trong comboBox

canh thc hnh m bn mun thay i, nhn nt
Nhn nt
ging vin
.
thc hin cc thao tc trn, nu thnh cng s
hin ra thng bo.
Nhn nt
sau nhn nt
tr v giao din
trc.
80
===============================================================
* Hin th lch l thuyt:

Bn cnh , ngi dng cn c th chn
xem
li cc thng tin thi kha biu ca ging vin, lp, phng t thi kha biu ca
phng o to sau khi nhp y cc thng tin v lu xung c s d liu ri.
V d: cn hin th xem thi kha biu phng
* Sp thi kha biu thc hnh:

Sau khi nhp y cc thng tin v thi kha biu l thuyt t
phng o to, c th tin hnh vic xp thi kha biu. Ngi dng chn chc
________________________________________________________________________
81
==================================================================
nng sp thi kha biu, s hin th giao din sau:
* Cp nht tham s cho gii thut di truyn:

Nu ngi dng no quan tm n gii thut Di truyn, c th
nhn nt
thay i cc thng s lin quan n gii thut trn.
82
===============================================================
Sau , nhn nt
tin hnh thay i, nu thnh cng s
hin ra thng bo:
Nhn
sau nhn
tr li giao din nhp cc
thng tin cn thit trc .

Ngi dng c th chn cch sp, thi gian thc hnh t giao din
bn di, ng thi nh du check vo
ng vi cc ngy trong tun s c sp.
________________________________________________________________________
83
==================================================================
Khi nhn nt
qu trnh sp Thi kha biu s c
thc thi.
* Hin th kt qu sp thi kha biu:
Qu trnh sp Thi kha biu t chng trnh hon thnh, s
hin th giao din sau:
T ca s ny hay vi chc nng Xem thi kha biu t giao

din trc, ngi dng c th chn xem Thi kha biu theo Phng, theo Ging
vin, theo Lpbng thao tc click chut vo nhng Tab sau, c trn giao din.
84
===============================================================
V d: chn xem thi kho biu theo lp, s hin ra ca s.
* Hiu chnh kt qu sp xp:

Bn cnh , chng trnh cn cho php ngi dng hiu chnh kt qu sp xp.
Ngi dng click chn t v tr ny sang v tr mun hiu chnh, khi
hiu chnh thnh cng, s hin th thng bo sau:
________________________________________________________________________
85
==================================================================
Khi nhn nt
hin th thng bo:
Nhng thay i ca bn s c cp nht vo CSDL, Chn nt

kt thc qu trnh hiu chnh.
Nu hiu chnh khng c s hin th thng bo sau:
Khi hiu chnh ngi dng khng c php click chut vo ct

phng hoc ct tit, ngoi ra ln click chut u tin khng c click vo khong
trng.
Nu click vo s hin th thng bo:
86
===============================================================
________________________________________________________________________
87
MC LC
Chng 1: Gii thiu...............................................1
................................................................................2
Chng 2: Pht biu bi ton.................................2
I. Pht biu bi ton..............................................................................................2
II. M hnh Use Case:...........................................................................................3
1. Lc chnh ca m hnh usecase:............................................................3
2. c t tng UseCase:...................................................................................4
2.1 Use Case ng nhp :.............................................................................4
2.2 Use Case Nhp cc thng tin sp thi kha biu....................................5
2.3 Use Case Sp xp thi kho biu............................................................7
2.4 Use Case Xem thng tin v thi kho biu.............................................8
......................................................................................................................9
2.5 Use Case Hiu chnh thi kha biu.......................................................10
Chng 3: Phng php lun...............................11

I. M hnh trin khai ng dng MVC(Model View Controller)....................11
II. M hnh lp....................................................................................................12
1. S lp:...................................................................................................12
........................................................................................................................14
2. Sequence Diagrams cho tng UseCase.......................................................14
2.1 ng nhp:............................................................................................14
.....................................................................................................................14
2.2. Nhp cc thng tin sp thi kha biu :...............................................15
2.2.1 Nhp thng tin v ging vin:.......................................................15
................................................................................................................18
2.2.2 Nhp thng tin v mn hc:...........................................................18
................................................................................................................20
2.2.3 Nhp thng tin v lp:...................................................................20
2.2.4 Nhp thng tin v phng:..............................................................22
2.2.5 Thng tin v thi kho biu l thuyt:..........................................24
2.3. Sp thi kho biu :.............................................................................28
....................................................................................................................30
2.4. Xem kt qu sp thi kho biu:............................................................30
2.4.1 Xem thi kha biu thc hnh theo ging vin :..........................30
2.4.2 Xem thi kha biu thc hnh theo lp:......................................31
2.4.3 Xem thi kha biu thc hnh theo phng:..................................31
2.4.4 Xem kt qu sp thi kha biu thc hnh:.................................32
2.5. Hiu chnh thi kha biu....................................................................33
........................................................................................................................33
3. Thit k c s d liu.................................................................................34
3.1 M hnh d liu:..................................................................................34
....................................................................................................................35
vi
3.2. M t bng trong c s d liu:.............................................................35

III. M hnh x l:..............................................................................................44
1 M hnh ha bi ton:..................................................................................44
2. Gii thut Di Truyn v ng dng..............................................................46
2.1 Khi qut v gii thut Di Truyn:........................................................46
2.2. ng dng gii thut Di Truyn. ..........................................................51
3. Chin lc tm kim ti u cc b (gii thut Greedy) v ng dng:.........54
3.1 Khi qut gii thut Greedy:.................................................................54
3.2. ng dng chin lc tm kim cc b(gii thut Greedy)...................55
................................................................................67
Chng 4: Kt qu thc nghim.......................67
I. Mi trng v cng c pht trin ng dng:....................................................67
II. S liu thc t:................................................................................................67
Chng 5: Kt lun v hng pht trin............68

I. Kt qu t c..............................................................................................68
II. Hn ch - Hng pht trin trong tng lai....................................................68
1. Hn ch:.....................................................................................................68
2. Hng pht trin trong tng lai................................................................69
Ti liu tham kho.................................................69

.................................................................................70
Ph lc.....................................................................70
I. Hng dn s dng phn mm........................................................................70
vii

Áp dụng giải thuật di truyền và tìm kiếm cục bộ để giải quyết bài toán sắp Thời Khóa Biểu cho khoa Công Nghệ Thông Tin

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Áp dụng giải thuật di truyền và tìm kiếm cục bộ để giải quyết bài toán sắp Thời Khóa Biểu cho khoa Công Nghệ Thông Tin

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p dng gii thut di truyn v tm kim cc b gii quyt bi ton sp Thi Kha Biu cho

khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin

Chng 1: Gii thiu

Chng 2: Pht biu bi ton

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn c Thnh

SVTH: T.Loan, C.Thi, K. Loan, T.Thm

Bn cnh , cn c mt s chc nng khc: ng nhp, thay i mt

II. M hnh Use Case:

Nhap cac thong tin sap thoi

Xem ket qua sap thoi khoa

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn c Thnh

SVTH: T.Loan, C.Thi, K. Loan, T.Thm

+ H thng yu cu gio v khoa nhp vo cc thng tin v lp.

SVTH: T.Loan, C.Thi, K. Loan, T.Thm

Nu gio v nhp cc thng tin khng y hoc khng tha

Nu ngi dng quan tm n gii thut Di Truyn, c th vo cp

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn c Thnh

SVTH: T.Loan, C.Thi, K. Loan, T.Thm

2.5 Use Case Hiu chnh thi kha biu

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn c Thnh

SVTH: T.Loan, C.Thi, K. Loan, T.Thm

Chng 3: Phng php lun

* ng dng ca m hnh MVC vo h thng sp thi kho biu

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn c Thnh

SVTH: T.Loan, C.Thi, K. Loan, T.Thm

b.S lp (2): cha cc lp lin quan gii thut Di Truyn v cc

Nhiem Sac The

Sap Thoi Khoa Bieu Theo Thu Tu

Giai Thuat Di Truyen

Sap Thoi Khoa Bieu

2. Sequence Diagrams cho tng UseCase

GUI:Cac chuc nang

1: nhap Username,Pas sword

6: thong bao dang nhap khong thanh cong

chi gui 1 trong 2

8: ket thuc UseCas e

Actor ng nhp vo h thng vi username v password, kim tra

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn c Thnh

SVTH: T.Loan, C.Thi, K. Loan, T.Thm

2.2. Nhp cc thng tin sp thi kha biu :

1: yeu cau them giang vien

3: nhap cac thong tin can thiet

4: kiem tra cac thong tin

7: gui thong bao thanh cong

8: gui thong bao them khong thanh cong

9: xac nhan thong bao nhap lai hoac thoat

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn c Thnh

SVTH: T.Loan, C.Thi, K. Loan, T.Thm

1: yeu cau them giang vien

3: nhap cac thong tin can thiet

4: kiem tra cac thong tin

7: gui thong bao thanh cong

8: gui thong bao them khong thanh cong

9: xac nhan thong bao nhap lai hoac thoat

2.2.1.2 Xa ging vin:

1: yeu cau xoa giang vien

3: chon cac thong tin

9: xac nhan thong bao chon lai hoac thoat

chi gui 1 trong 2

10: useCase ket thuc

2.2.2 Nhp thng tin v mn hc:

GVHD: Th.s Nguyn c Thnh

SVTH: T.Loan, C.Thi, K. Loan, T.Thm

2.2.2.1 Thm mn hc: