Giao Trinh Xu Ly Su Co May Tinh Cuc Hay

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.
vn
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Bin Son: 17/08/2009
Mc Lc

Trang * Th thut ct BAD cng * Chn on bnh qua ting bp ca BIOS * m bo hot ng cho my in Laser * Lm th no pht hin li b nh ? * Gim ting n cho my tnh * Tng hp v nhng vn lin quan n cng! * Laptop ri xung nc * Mn hnh b h ? * Bo v a cng * Bo v v khi phc d liu trn b nh Flash * 10 s c in n thng gp v cch x l * T bo tr my vi tnh * Ti u hnh nh cho mn hnh LCD * G b Windows XP SP 2 mt cch an ton * B cng c chn on li cng * Quy trnh bo dng PC * Bn th thut ko di tui th PC * X l nhng s c my tnh xu nht * Kinh Nghim X L Li Kh Xc nh Nguyn Nhn * My T ng Tt Khi Chy Nhiu Chng Trnh * B quyt phn cng * My In * Ha * Bin giao din Windows XP thnh Windows Vista * Khi ng nhanh Windows * Cc li thng gp khi khi ng my 4 5 7 8 11 15 22 27 28 29 35 37 38 41 42 46 47 50 60 63 63 67 69 73 74 74
Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn
KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
S Tay X L S C My Tnh
Phin bn 1.0
LI NOI U Tai liu nay c bin soan nhm muc inh ph bin kin thc c ban v phn cng may tinh giup cac ban mi bt u vi tin hoc co iu kin hiu bit hn v may tinh. Mong nhn s ong gop y kin cua cac ban xy dng tai liu ngay
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mt hoan thin hn phuc vu cng ng. Tc gi
Lm Vn Hu
S C PHN CNG
* Th thut ct BAD cng
Thng thng khi cng (HDD) ca bn b h hng (xut hin Bad Sector) th bo m an ton d liu, cch tt nht l thay a cng mi. Tuy nhin, gi mt cng khng phi r, bn ng vi vt n vo st rc m hy c gng cu cha n bng cc tin ch chuyn dng. Nhn bit a cng b bad: 1. Trong lc ang ci t Windows h thng b treo m khng h xut hin mt thng bo li no (a ci t Windows vn cn tt), mc d vn c th dng Partition Magic phn vng cho HDD mt cch bnh thng. 2. khng Fdisk c: khi Fdisk bo li no fixed disk present (a cng hin ti khng th phn chia) hoc Fdisk c nhng rt c th my s b treo trong qu trnh Fdisk. 3. khng Format c HDD: khi tin hnh format a cng my bo li Bad Track 0 Disk Unsable. 4. khi ang format th my bo Trying to recover allocation unit xxxx. Lc ny my bo cho ta bit cluster xxxx b h v n ang c gng phc hi li cluster nhng thng thng ci ta nhn c l mt bad sector! 5. ang chy bt k ng dng no, nhn c mt cu thng bo nh Error reading data on dirver C:, Retry, Abort, Ignore, fail? Hoc A serious error occur when reading driver C:, Retry or Abort? 6. khi chy Scandisk hay NDD (Norton Disk Doctor) hay bt k phn mm kim tra b mt a (surface scan) no, ta s gp rt nhiu bad sector. Cch khc phc: (tt c cc chng trnh gii thiu di y nm gn trong a Hirens Boot c bn cc ca hng phn mm tin hc phin bn 9.0 n 9.9). Cch 1: Dng partition Magic ct b ch bad. Thc hin nh sau: u tin dng chng trnh NDD, khi ng t a Hirens Boot, menu ca chng trnh chn mc 6. Hard Disk Tools, chn tip 6. Norton Utilities, chn 1.Norton Disk Doctor. Sau khi dng NDD xc nh c v tr b bad trn HDD, tin hnh chy chng trnh Partition Magic ct b phn b bad bng cch t partition cha on hng thnh Hide Partition. V d: khong b bad t 6.3GB n 6.6GB, bn chia li partition, chn partition
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C n 6GB, partition D bt u t 7GB, c nh th bn tin hnh loi b ht hn phn b bad. Cch ny s dng rt hiu qu tuy nhin n ch khc phc khi a cng ca bn c s lng bad thp. Cch 2: dng chng trnh HDD Regenerator: * Thng thng nh sn xut lun d phng mt s sector trn mi track hoc cylinder, v thc cht kch thc thc ca sector vn ln hn 512bytes rt nhiu (ty loi hng a). Nh th nu nh s sector b bad t hn s d phng cn tt th lc ny c th HDD Regenerator s ly nhng sector d phng cn tt p qua thay cho sector b h, nh vy b mt a tr nn sch hn v tt tr li. D nhin nu lng sector d phng cng t hn th cng s cn b bad mt t. Bn c th quay li cch 1. Cch thc hin: Khi ng h thng t a Hirens Boot. Ca s u tin xut hin, chn 6.Hard Disk Tools, chn tip 2. HDD Regenerator, bm phm bt k xc nhn. K n dng Starting sector (leave 0 to scan from the beginning) g vo dung lng ln nht hin c ca HDD, g xong bm Enter chng trnh thc hin. Thi gian ch, ty thuc vo dung lng a v s lng bad.
* Chn on bnh qua ting bp ca BIOS

bao gi bn ch ti ting bp mi khi khi ng my tnh? N chnh l thng bo m ho cha ng thng tin kt qu ca qu trnh kim tra c s cc thit b phn cng trong my.Qu trnh kim tra ny c gi l POST (PowerOn-Self-Test). Nu POST cho ra kt qu tt, my tnh s pht mt ting bp v mi th din ra sun s. Nu cc thit b phn cng my c vn th loa s pht ra vi ting bp.Nu gii m c nhng ting bp ny th bn c th tit kim c nhiu thi gian trong vic chn on bnh ca my tnh. Trn cc my tnh i mi hin nay, mainboard c tch hp cc chip x l m nhim nhiu chc nng, gim bt card b sung cm trn bo mch. Tuy nhin, iu ny s lm gim tnh c th ca vic chn on. V d, nu chip iu khin bn phm b li th gii php duy nht l phi thay c mainboard. Bi ny, ch cp ti 2 loi BIOS tng i ph dng l Phoenix v AMI. Rt tic, Award BIOS hin nay c rt nhiu phin bn v do nh sn xut bo mch ch h tr, do chng b thay i nhiu trc khi c tung ra th trng. V vy, Award BIOS khng c cp ti trong bi ny. (POST l qu trnh kim tra ni b my c tin hnh khi khi ng hoc khi ng li my tnh. L mt b phn ca BIOS, chng trnh POST kim tra b vi x l u tin, bng cch cho n chy th mt vi thao tc n gin. Sau POST c b nh CMOS RAM, trong lu tr thng tin v dung lng b nh v kiu loi cc a dng trong my ca bn. Tip theo, POST ghi vo ri c ra mt s mu d liu khc nhau i vi tng byte b nh (bn c th nhn thy cc byte c m trn mn hnh). Cui cng, POST tin hnh thng tin vi tng thit b; bn s nhn thy cc n bo bn phm v a nhp nhy v my in c reset chng hn. BIOS s tip tc kim th cc phn cng ri xt qua a A i vi DOS; nu a A khng tm thy, n chuyn qua xem xt a C). M t m li chn on POST ca BIOS AMI
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1 ting bp ngn: Mt ting bp ngn l test h thng t yu cu, do l khi bn thy mi dng test hin th trn mn hnh. Nu bn khng thy g trn mn hnh th phi kim tra li monitor v card video trc tin, xem cm ng cha. Nu khng th mt s chip trn bo mch ch ca bn c vn . Xem li RAM v khi ng li. Nu vn gp vn th c kh nng bo mch ch b li. Bn nn thay bo mch. 2 ting bp ngn: Li RAM. Tuy nhin, trc tin hy kim tra card mn hnh. Nu n hot ng tt th bn hy xem c thng bo li trn mn hnh khng. Nu khng c th b nh ca bn c li chn l (parity error). Cm li RAM v khi ng li. Nu vn c li th o khe cm RAM. 3 ting bp ngn: V c bn th tng t nh phn 2 ting bp ngn. 4 ting: V c bn th tng t nh phn 2 ting bp ngn. Tuy nhin cng c th l do b t gi ca bo mch b hng. 5 ting bp ngn: Cm li RAM. Nu khng th c th phi thay bo mch ch. 6 ting bp ngn: Chip trn bo mch ch iu khin bn phm khng hot ng. Tuy nhin trc tin vn phi cm li keyboard hoc th dng keyboard khc. Nu tnh trng khng ci thin th ti lc phi thay bo mch ch khc. 7 ting bp ngn: CPU b hng. Thay CPU khc. 8 ting bp ngn: Card mn hnh khng hot ng. Cm li card. Nu vn ku bp th nguyn nhn l do card hng hoc chip nh trn card b li. Thay card mn hnh. 9 ting bp ngn: BIOS ca bn b li. Thay BIOS khc. 10 ting bp ngn: Vn ca bn chnh l CMOS. Tt nht l thay bo mch ch khc. 11 ting bp ngn: Chip b nh m trn bo mch ch b hng. Thay bo mch khc. 1 bp di, 3 bp ngn: Li RAM. Bn hy th cm li RAM, nu khng th phi thay RAM khc 1 bp di, 8 bp ngn: Khng test c video. Cm li card mn hnh. BIOS PHOENIX Ting bp ca BIOS Phoenix chi tit hn BIOS AMI mt cht. BIOS ny pht ra 3 lot ting bp mt. Chng hn, 1 bp dng-3 bp dng. Mi loi c tch ra nh mt khong dng ngn. Hy lng nghe ting bp, m s ln bp. M t m li chn on POST ca BIOS PHOENIX 1-1-3: My tnh ca bn khng th c c thng tin cu hnh lu trong CMOS. 1-1-4: BIOS cn phi thay. 1-2-1: Chip ng h trn mainboard b hng. 1-2-2: Bo mch ch c vn . 1-2-3: Bo mch ch c vn . 1-3-1: Bn cn phi thay bo mch ch. 1-3-3: Bn cn phi thay bo mch ch. 1-3-4: Bo mch ch c vn . 1-4-1: Bo mch ch c vn . 1-4-2: Xem li RAM. 2-_-_: Ting bp ko di sau 2 ln bp c ngha rng RAM ca bn c vn .
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3-1-_: Mt trong nhng chip gn trn mainboard b hng. C kh nng phi thay mainboard. 3-2-4: Chip kim tra bn phm b hng. 3-3-4: My tnh ca bn khng tm thy card mn hnh. Th cm li card mn hnh hoc th vi card khc. 3-4-_: Card mn hnh ca bn khng hot ng. 4-2-1: Mt chip trn mainboard b hng. 4-2-2: Trc tin kim tra xem bn phm c vn g khng. Nu khng th mainboard c vn . 4-2-3: Tng t nh 4-2-2. 4-2-4: Mt trong nhng card b sung cm trn bo mch ch b hng. Bn th rt tng ci ra xc nh th phm. Nu khng tm thy c card b hng th gii php cui cng l phi thay mainboard mi. 4-3-1: Li bo mch ch. 4-3-2: Xem 4-3-1. 4-3-3: Xem 4-3-1. 4-3-4: ng h trn bo mch b hng. Th vo Setup CMOS v kim tra ngy gi. Nu ng h khng lm vic th phi thay pin CMOS. 4-4-1: C vn vi cng ni tip. Bn th cm li cng ny vo bo mch ch xem c c khng. Nu khng, bn phi tm jumper v hiu ho cng ni tip ny. 4-4-2: Xem 4-4-1 nhng ln ny l cng song song. 4-4-3: B ng x l s c vn . Nu vn nghim trng th tt nht nn thay. 1-1-2: Mainboard c vn . 1-1-3: C vn vi RAM CMOS, kim tra li pin CMOS v mainboard.
* m bo hot ng cho my in Laser

My in laser c nhn thng khng c c s h tr k thut, v vy bn cn bit cch gii quyt mt s s c. Tham vn wizard: Wizard Windows Printing Troubleshooter ch tp trung gii quyt cc trc trc c bn, nhng rt ng tham kho. Trong WinXP, bn chn Start.Help and Suport, g list of troubleshooter vo trong hp Search, v nhn <Enter>. Nhn List of troubleshooters trong khung bn tri, chn Printing trong ct troubleshooter bn phi, v lm theo tng bc. Trong Win2000, bn nhn Start.Help, v chn Troubleshooting and Maintenance trn nhn Contents. Chn Win2000 troubleshooter, nhn Print trong danh sch cc wizard troubleshouter khung bn phi, v lm theo cc bc hng dn. m wizard ny trong WinMe, bn nhn Start.Help, g troubleshooter vo hp Search, v nhn OK. Trong Win98, bn chn Start.Help.Contents.Troubleshooting.Windows 98 Troubleshooter.Print, v lm theo wizard hng dn. Kim tra c bn: Kim tra in vo my in. Cm cht cc u ni cp. Nhiu my in c nt iu khin online/offline mt trc v c th b v tnh chm vo.
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In trang th: Hu ht cc my in u c th chy qu trnh t kim tra nu bn nhn v gi mt hay nhiu nt trn panel iu khin. Nu nh trang kim tra tt th trc trc nm cp d liu, PC, hoc phn mm. Nu trang in th khng tt, bn tham kho bng Nhng trc trc ph bin tm cch gii quyt. Dng th mi nht: Ci t driver v phn mm mi nht cho my in. C hai th ny u c trang web ca hng sn xut. ci t driver mi trong WinXP, bn chn Start.Printers and Faxes v chn Add a Printer bn di Printer Tasks trn thanh Explorer trong ca s Printer and Faxes. Trong Win 2000/Me/98, bn loi b driver ca my in v ci t li. Chn Start.Settings.Printers m ca s Printers. Nhn phi my in ny, chn Delete (chn Yes nu c hi xc nhn), m li ca s Printers nu n b ng, nhn p Add Printer, v hon tt vic ci t li. Chm dt kt giy: Tho b cc t giy b kt bng cch ko chng ra theo chiu thun nh khi in. Nu my in b kt thng xuyn, bn ngt in khi my, cho my ngui, tho cartridge mc ra ngoi, v kim tra xem c vt g gy cn tr bn trong khng. Kim tra u ni: Nu my in dng u ni USB, bn m Device Manager v tm du X mu , hoc du chm than trong vng trn mu vng nm k bn nhng lit k thit b USB. (Trong Win XP/2000/Me, bn nhn Start, nhn phi My Computer, v chn Properties.Hardware.Device Manager. Trong Win98, bn nhn phi My Computer v chn Properties.Devices Manager). Nhng biu tng ny c th l du hiu ca trc trc trong kt ni my in vi PC. Nu my in ngng hot ng khi h thng ra khi ch hibernate hay ch ch (suspend), bn nhn p ln tng Root Hub bn di mc USB, chn Power Management, v b chn i vi Allow the computer to turn off this device to save power. Trng hp ang dng hub USB, bn th ni trc tip my in vi cng USB trn PC xem c gii quyt c trc trc khng.
* Lm th no pht hin li b nh ?
Bn gp phi trc trc h thng vi nhiu li h thng k l v nghi ng liu c phi do nhng thanh nh RAM cht lng km ? Bi vit ny s gip bn ln theo du vt v xc nh ngun gc nhng li . Chic my tnh chy h iu hnh Windows ca bn gp li m khng c l do no c ? Chuyn ny cng bnh thng thi, vi hng triu dng lnh cho Windows v cc phn mm, sai st l iu kh trnh khi. Th nhng nu n c lp li nhiu ln vo nhng thi im ln xn li l mt vn khc. Trong trng hp ny, c nhiu kh nng b nh ca my tnh bn ang s dng c vn bt n. B nh li s khin cho my tnh khng n nh v gp nhiu li kh xc nh. Nhng li ny i khi khin cho bn tr nn k ng ngn trc nhng k thut vin cc ca hng v chng cc kh ti hin li. Trong bi vit ny, chng ta s cng cp ti cc triu chng thng gp ca b nh b li cng nh tm hiu mt s phn mm kim tra RAM s gip bn r sot cc trc trc c th pht sinh. I Khi b nh tt gp trc trc: Mt thanh RAM my tnh bao gm nhiu chip nh Silicon hn vo mt bn
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mch. Cu trc ny khin cho b nh c t l an ton cao hn nhiu so vi cc linh kin khc trong PC. Tuy nhin n li l mt trong nhng thnh phn c sn xut vi s lng nhiu v nhanh nht. Cc chip DRAM c kim tra trc khi vn chuyn i. Quy trnh ny s loi b phn ln cc chip li. Mc d vy, mt thanh nh tt c th chuyn thnh li vi v vn kh nng khc nhau. Trc tin cn cp ti vn tnh in t nhng thao tc lp rp hoc vn hnh thit b sai quy cch. Bn nn trnh vut ve ch mo khi ang lp cp RAM 1GB t tin mi mua. Tng t nh vy, xung in hoc nhng b ngun km cht lng s luc cp RAM ca bn nhanh hn trc khi bn kp nhn ra. Ngoi ra, nu bn l dn chi p xung, thao tc p in RAM ln qu cao cng s lm hng nhng chng loi RAM vi chip nh km sc chu ng. L do th hai chnh l vn bi bm trong my tnh hoc hi m trong khng kh s gy ra chm mch gia cc on mch gn nhau khin cho RAM b hng. Nhng tc ng vt l nh ri, dnh nc, nhit cao cng c tc ng xu. Mt l do na him xy ra nhng bn cng nn l vic bo mch ch ca bn c cc khe RAM li. Bt c thanh RAM no tt khi gn vo cc khe cm li cng tr nn bt n mc d chng khng phi nh vy. Tht may mn khi b nh my tnh hin i c sn xut cng nghip vi s lng ln ng lot nn c rt t li t pha nh sn xut so vi cc sn phm linh kin cn li. i a s ni bn u cung cp ch bo hnh ln ti vi nm. Thm ch nhng nh sn xut nh Corsair, Crucial hay Kingston cn bo hnh trn i cho cc thanh RAM ca h. Tt nhin ngi dng phi trc tip gi v tn hng sau thi hn bo hnh do i l t ra. II Du hiu nhn bit b nh b li: C hng trm, thm ch hng ngn du hiu ngi dng xc nh b nh gp trc trc, tuy nhin chng ta hy bt u vi nhng th thng dng nht: 1. Mn hnh xanh BSOD (Blue Screen of Death) trong khi bn ang ci h iu hnh Windows 2000/XP. y l du hiu r rng nht ca vic b nh hot ng bt bnh thng. 2. Trong khi chy Windows 2000/XP, h thng thnh thong pht sinh li gy sp ngu nhin hoc t nhy ra BSOD. Chi tit ny i khi cn l do qu ti nhit nn bn cn kim tra k lng thm trc khi kt lun. 3. Li trong khi bn ang s dng nhng ng dng i hi nhiu RAM v d nh game 3D, cc php th nghim, dch m, photoshop 4. Hnh nh trn mn hnh b v, x li ny i khi cn do card ha, bn nn kim tra thm. 5. My tnh khng khi ng c. Du hiu ny i khi cn i km thng bo ca BIOS v li b nh vi nhng tip bp di lp li lin tc. i vi trng hp ny, bn khng th s dng cc ng dng kim tra m nn yu cu c thit b chuyn dng hoc gi tr RAM v ni mua nhn c ch bo hnh thch hp. III Th thut kim tra li b nh: Trc khi tin hnh chy bt c chng trnh kim tra no c nu ra di y, bn nn xc nh c bao nhiu thanh nh RAM ang c s dng trong h thng. Nu bn bit con s ny, bn c th chuyn thng sang bc tip theo. Nu khng, bn m np my tnh ri xc nh v tr RAM trn bo mch
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ch tng t nh trong hnh bn (thng nm ngay st CPU). Ch khng ng ti nhng thnh phn c dn tem bo hnh. Tht chng thch th cht no khi va pht hin ra li h thng va lm mt gi tr bo hnh ca my. Cc chng trnh chn on bao gm: - Memtest86+ (www.memtest.org): Cng tng t nh Windows Memory Diagnostic c nu ln pha di bi vit, Memtest86+ c hai phin bn mt trn a mm khi ng v mt trn CD. Phin bn mi nht ca chng trnh ny cn nhn din c mt s thng tin v my tnh v d nh s hiu chipset, chng loi CPU v tc b nh. Kh nng c bn ca Memtest86+ l thc hin nhiu php th mc thng ln nng cao vi nhng khong thi gian v nng bin i lin tc. iu ny gip cho b nh tri qua mi iu kin lm vic a dng to kh nng cho li xut hin d dng hn nu chng ang tim n. s dng chng trnh, bn ti v mt trong hai phin bn nh a mm hoc file ISO nh a CDROM. i vi file nh a mm, bn ch vic chy n v cho mt a mm trng vo , chng trnh s t ng to a khi ng. Vi CDROM, cc bc phc tp hn v sau khi ti c file nh CD v my, bn phi s dng mt trong cc chng trnh ghi a chuyn dng v d nh Nero Burning ROM hay Easy CD Creator ghi ra CD trng di dng a khi ng Boot-CD. Sau khi xong, bn khi ng li my tnh ch boot t CD hay a mm (xc lp trong BIOS bng cch nhn phm Del khi c thng bo hin ra trn mn hnh). Memtest s t ng c kch hot v kim tra b nh. Cc thng tin chi tit v h thng s hin th gc tri mn hnh. Bn c th m menu chc nng thng qua phm C v chn gia cc menu bng cc con s thit lp ch kim tra ph hp vi nhu cu ca mnh. Thng thng php th s 5 v s 8 l nng n nht. - Docmem: Docmem l mt tin ch ca Simmtester v n c mt trn th trng t rt lu, tuy nhin a s c s dng trong cc ca hng my tnh hoc trung tm bo hnh. Mc d c phn phi min ph nhng ti Docmem v my tnh ca mnh, bn phi thc hin vic ng k ti khon trn website ca hng ti (www.simmtester.com/PAGE /products/doc/docinfo.asp) Tng t nh vi Memtest, bn phi ci t Docmem ln mt a mm ri dng n khi ng h thng. Chng trnh s tin hnh kim tra b nh hai ch nhanh (Quick Test) hoc ko di th bn (Burn-In), ch ny ch ngng li khi c lnh ca bn. Bt c li nh no c pht hin s hin ln pha di mn hnh. - Windows Memory Diagnostic: y l mt cng c min ph ca Microsoft vi chc nng hot ng tng t nh Memtest. N c hai phin bn a mm v a CD ROM, cch ci t hon ton ging nh Memtest. Tnh nng ca Windows Memory Diagnostic c phn n gin hn so vi hai cng c trn nhng vn y nhng php th c bn v nng cao. Thm ch i khi n cn c th bo vi bn chnh xc thanh RAM no b li (Rt tuyt phi khng no). Sau khi kch hot thnh cng chng trnh, cc php th s ln lt c tin hnh. Mi khi mun dng li, bn nhn phm X. Nhng li pht sinh s xut hin pha di mn hnh.
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IV Nhng bc c bn khc phc li: Mt khi bn xc nh c rng h thng ca mnh ang pht sinh li khi kim tra bng nhng chng trnh th nghim trn, bc tip theo chnh l vn phi nh v c ngun gc li. Trong trng hp li nm b nh, bn chc chn s phi cn ti dch v bo hnh v thay th nn vic phi xc nh ng thanh nh li rt quan trng. Nu ch c mt thanh RAM trong my, mi vic s n gin hn rt nhiu, bn ch cn chy thm mt hoc ba ng dng nu trn, nu tt c chng u bo li, bn hy tho RAM v cm sang khe khc ri th li v c th khe cm RAM trn bo mch ch b li. Ch khi thay khe RAM, bn phi tt in ton h thng (rt dy ngun l tt nht), ri nhn cng tc my vi ln x ht in tch trong b ngun. Sau nhn hai u cht gi RAM bt n ra khi khe cm ri t sang khe khc v nhn nh nhng vo v tr. Nu lm ng th hai cht gi s t ng di chuyn vo v tr kha. Nu khng, bn kim tra li xem c t thanh RAM vo khe ngc chiu hay khng. Khi hon thnh cng vic, bn hy bt li my v tip tc chy cc chng trnh th, nu li vn xy ra th c v nh thanh RAM ca bn cn phi gi i bo hnh ri . Trong trng hp h thng ca bn c nhiu thanh RAM khc nhau (thng thy trn cc my tnh hin i do cng ngh b nh knh i Dual-Channel yu cu ti thiu hai thanh RAM ging nhau). Vic th li mt nhiu thi gian hn do bn phi tho ton b RAM ri th chi tit trn tng thnh nhn din linh kin c vn . Ch nu tt c cc thanh RAM u bo li, bn s cn phi kim tra li c bo mch ch hoc CPU v iu ny cc k him khi xy ra. Ngoi ra, nu khi kim tra tng thanh bn khng gp li m ch gp li khi chy nhiu thanh RAM, bn nn xem li cc khe cm RAM hoc kim tra thng s b nh trong phn Advance Chipset Configurations trong BIOS ca my tnh nhm m bo chng c thit lp ng vi ch s nh sn xut RAM yu cu (chi tit thng s thit lp nng cao c th tham kho thm ti www.xtremevn.com ). D nhin, bn c th tm c nhiu thit b kim tra RAM chuyn nghip v d nh mt s sn phm ca Innoventions. Nhng thit b nh vy ngoi vic bo li cn c th ch r chi tit tng on mch b in li trn mi thanh nh. Tuy vy, vi mc gi hng ngn USD, n ph hp hn cho mi trng kinh doanh chuyn nghip hn l ngi dng n l. Trong iu kin ti chnh tng i hn hp, nhng bc nh nu c l vn l s la chn hng u pht hin li b nh trn my tnh PC.
* Gim ting n cho my tnh

Bn c ngh nhng h thng my tnh hin nay to ra qu nhiu ting n khng? D chng ta b khng t tin trang b nhng b loa cht lng cao nhm thng thc m nhc hay hn, nhng m thanh t loa cng vi ting n pht ra t my tnh lm cho gian phng tr nn m v hn lon.
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Ni chung, my tnh lm vic cng m i th chng ta cng d chu. Lm cho ting n ca my tnh gim n mc chp nhn c l chuyn d dng v khng my tn km. Bn khng nht thit phi lm cho my tnh tr nn hon ton cm lng (thc t l khng c bt k bin php no thc hin iu ), m ch cn lm cho h thng vn hnh trong im lng mc gi l tm ". Bi vit s gip bn xc nh v di di cc b phn l th phm chnh gy ra nhng ting n kh chu trong my tnh. Ting n v nhit B phn pht ra nhiu ting n nht trong h thng l qut lm mt v hu ht mi my tnh u c trang b cng lc nhiu thit b ny. V d, my tnh Pentium 4 c PC World M th nghim khi thc hin bi vit ny c trang b n bn qut lm mt: b ngun cp in, CPU, card ha v mt sau thng my. D nhin, nhng chic qut ny c chc nng lm mt cho cc mch in mng manh bn trong thng my v l mt nhim v ht sc quan trng. Tuy nhin vi nhng thit b ph hp, bn c th va bo v my tnh nhit khng qu nng va vn hnh m i hn. Trc ht bn cn mua qut lm mt mi. Loi qut lm mt vi tc quay chm tuy pht ra t ting n nhng khng th cung cp nhiu kh mt cho CPU v cc b phn trong thng my. Nhng loi qut c kch thc ln hn c th quay chm hn na nhng chng thi c nhiu khng kh mt vo bn trong hn. Tuy nhin v cnh qut qu to nn c th khng va vi thng my. Mt s loi qut lm mt t tin (khong 20 USD tr ln thay v ch 2 USD nh thng thng) c cng kch thc v tc c thit k c bit nhm gim thiu ting n. Cui cng, bn c th gim bt ph thuc vo qut lm mt bng cch lp nhng phin ta nhit hiu qu cao trn CPU v nhng ni khc trong h thng. nh gi nhit ca h thng, bn c th dng mt chng trnh theo di nhit . Thng thng, cc my tnh hoc bo mch ch u i km mt chng trnh nh vy, hng sn xut my tnh cng c th cung cp cho bn di dng mt phn mm ti v min ph t Internet. Nu my tnh ca bn khng c cng c ny, hy dng th tin ch Motherboard Monitor min ph ca Alex Van Kaam (ti v ti www.pcworld.com.vn, ID: 47642;). Chng trnh ny cho bit nhit ca my tnh v thm ch a ra thng tin cnh bo khi nhit trong thng my xp x mc nguy him c bn thit lp sn. Mt phng n khc l dng tin ch CPUCool gi 15USD ca Podien (ti v bn dng th ti find.pcworld.com/48561). Trc khi m thng my v ng n cc b phn bn trong, bn phi nh k mt s bin php an ton: Rt cp in ra khi cm ( c hai u). i vi mi b phn khng phi l a, bn nm my tnh vi bo mch ch di
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
y, khi tho mt b phn, bn m tt c cc vt ri mi nhc n ra. V khi lp mt b phn vo, bn cm tt c cc vt, vn na vng ri mi vn cht. Sau khi xong mi vic, cm cp ngun v bt in my tnh, nu my hot ng tt, bn hy tt in mt ln na, tho cp in, ng thng my li v sau mi cm li cp ngun. Xc nh nguyn nhn gy n Vic thay tt c cc b phn gy n trong my tnh s lng ph nhiu thi gian v tin bc, cho nn bn hy bt u vi thit b pht ra ting n ln nht. Nu my vn cn qu n, hy tip tc thay b phn pht ra ting n mc th hai. xc nh ngun gc ting n, bn dng ng th Cardboard Tube Test thng dng. Bng cch t mt u ca ng c gn loa giy vo tai, u kia t gn a, qut lm mt v cc thit b khc trong thng my, bn c th xc dnh u l b phn n nht. Nu ng th ny khng tin cy, bn c th dng bin php Elimination Test: tt v m ln lt cc qut lm mt v a cng xem th thit b no gy n nht (khng c g nguy him khi my tnh vi thng my c m hot ng khng c qut trong vi giy). lm cm mt chic qut lm mt hay mt a cng (b phn gy n ch yu ngoi qut), bn hy tho in cung cp cho thit b (phi bo m my tnh c ngt in trc ). Qut lm mt thng c ni in qua mt chn cm nh (ba l) trn bo mch ch; cng th dng u ni ln c bn chn t b ngun my tnh. Cm li cp in ca my tnh vo cm, bt my ln v ch lng nghe m khng dng n ng Cardboard. ng nhin, phng php ny khng th thc hin c i vi qut trn b ngun v bn khng th ngt in cung cp cho thit b ny. Nu my tnh tt in nhng vn cm cp in vo cm, bn hy ci mt que tm nh vo gia cc cnh qut v gi n trong khi bt in my tnh; nu my tnh tr nn yn tnh th bn tm ra th phm. B ngun cp in thng l thit b u tin m bn mun thay, v qut lm mt bn trong thit b ny thng gy n nht trong thng my. Hy tm mt b ngun thay th mi c cng sut t nht cng phi bng cng sut ca b ngun ang s dng. Tuy nhin, bn cn nh b ngun cng sut ln c kh nng d phng cho vic nng cp thit b trong tng lai thng c gi cao hn v pht ra nhiu ting n hn so vi nhng b ngun cng sut nh. Bn c th dng b ngun S12-330 ca Saesonic c cng sut 330 watt (find. pcworld.com/48562; xem hnh 2) c bn trn mng vi gi khong 60 USD. Vi c cnh 120 mm, qut lm mt ny quay chm hn v pht ra ting n nh hn so vi loi qut c c cnh 80mm ph bin trong hu ht cc b ngun hin nay. Thm ch, sn phm ny cn cho php lm chm tc ca qut lm mt CPU v qut mt sau thng my.
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
Nu b ngun Seasonic cha lm bn hi lng, th th dng b ngun Phantom 500 ca Antec c cng sut 500 Wat (find.pcworld.com /48564). B ngun ny hot ng tuyt i yn tnh trong hu ht thi gian. Tuy nhin, Phantom 500 c kch thc to, nng v rt t (gi trn mng khong 175 USD). Thn b ngun Phantom ng thi l b phn tn nhit v qut lm mt ch hot ng khi nhit vt qua ngng c ngi dng nh sn. D vy, i vi nhiu ngi, s im lng tuyt i khng tt bng khi lm vic vi mt cht ting n. Ngi dng c th d dng chp nhn ting n nh thng xuyn hn l lc n lc khng. Vic lp t b ngun mi cng khng c g kh khn. Bn ch cn tho in cung cp cho bo mch ch v cc a, tho vt v nhc b ngun c ra. Sau , t b ngun mi vo, vn cht cc vt v cm mi th nh c. B ngun Seasonic v Antec c km theo hng dn lp t nhng khng phi mi nh sn xut u c. Nu my tnh s dng qut lm mt gn vo thng my (ch khng phi gn vo CPU, b ngun hay cc thit b khc) th bn c th thay bng loi khc t n hn. Qut lm mt kch thc 92mm trong my tnh th nghim l b phn pht ra nhiu ting n nht. Gii php tt nht l thay th bng mt qut ln hn, nhng rt kh v thng my ca bn c nhiu kh nng khng c ch trng cho qut kch thc 120 mm. Ngoi ra, vic dng qut tt hn (v c l quay chm hn) s lm gim ting n ca h thng. Hng News sn xut cc loi qut lm mt gn vo thng my khng gy n vi nhiu kch c khc nhau, c gi di 20 USD. Cc qut ny khng c bn hng dn lp t, nhng vic thay th chng kh n gin: ch cn tho dy cp in cho qut c, tho qut, lp qut mi vo v cm li dy cp in. Qut lm mt Real Silent 92mm ca Nexus (find.pcworld.com/58566; xem hnh 3) lm vic tt trong h thng th nghim ca PC World M. Ch cn mt bn tm nh: chng trnh theo di cc thng s trn bo mch ch cho thy qut ny ch quay bng na tc ca qut c. Tuy nhin, tc ny khng lm cho nhit ca my tnh tng ln. Hu ht cc a cng u khng c qut lm mt nhng chng vn gy ra nhiu ting n trong qu trnh hot ng. Tuy nhin, c nhiu model mi t gy ting n v chng dng trc dng lu cht thay cho trc bi. Cho nn, nu bn cn my tnh hot ng m i hn th y l c hi tt nng cp a cng. Bc kn a cng Mt bin php khc, bn c th t a cng ang dng vo trong hp cch m lp va vo khoang 5,25 inch (dng cho CD hoc DVD) nh loi Nexus Drive-A-Way c gi khong 60 USD (find.pcworld.com/48568). Nhm th nghim tin hnh lp t thit b ny vi vi trc trc nh trc khi c c hng dn c ghi di y hp. Drive-Way hon ton trit tiu ting n
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
ca a cng trn my tnh th nghim. B phn lm mt CPU hiu qu nht l phin tn nhit nh cng vi mt qut r tin nhng nhiu ting n. Thm mt t tin, bn c th mua c loi tt hn. Tuy nhin, vic thay b phn lm mt cho CPU khng th thc hin d dng. Mt phn ca kh khn ny l kch thc phi tuyt i chnh xc. B phn lm mt CPU khng gy n c th kh knh cng, vi phin tn nhit ging nh cc ngi nh cao tng thu nh, c gn vi qut c kch thc bng my nghe a xch tay. Bn phi bo m b lm mt mi ny lp va trn bo mch ch v cm CPU (socket). C th bn bit r mnh c loi b vi x l no, nhng mt s CPU c kh nng ph hp vi nhiu loi cm. Hy tham kho ti liu k thut i km ca my hoc bo mch ch (hay website ca hng sn xut). Khi tm c b lm mt cn thit, bn phi tin hnh lp t. Trc ht phi tho b b lm mt c. Nhiu kh nng b lm mt c c kp vo cm bng nhng cch m bn khng th nhn thy bng mt v nhng ni khng th thao tc c bng tay. Tip theo, bn hy lau sch lp kem dn nhit c trn mt CPU, ri bi mt lp mng kem mi (b lm mt mi c th km theo ng kem ny). Cui cng, bn ci b lm mt vo trong cc kp gi. i vi cc bo mch ch h tr socket 478, bn nn dng b phn lm mt Freezer 4 tng i gn ca Arctic Cooling (find.pcworld.com/48570; xem hnh 4). Mc d thit b ny hot ng khng m bng mt loi kch thc ln khc, nhng Freezer 4 c nhiu kh nng lp va trong my tnh thng thng v c gi bn trn mng vo khong 30 USD (Arctic Cooling cng cung cp cc b lm mt dng cho nhng dng cm khc). Nu vic thay b lm mt CPU trong my tnh lm bn qu nn lng, hy ng xem xt n vic thay i cc qut lm mt nh c gn trn card ha. Loi qut ny thng khng gy n ng k, v vic thao tc trn card ha l mt vic lm ht sc nguy him. Chng ti cng khuyn cc bn khng nn thc hin ngn cch thng my. Vic dng vt liu cao su xp gn bn trong thng my cch m thng mt nhiu cng sc nhng hiu qu t c li khng ng k.
* Tng hp v nhng vn lin quan n cng!

Nhng b n ca a cng Gii hn 32GB ca FAT32 trong Windows 2000 Theo l thuyt, kch thc ca phn vng (partition) a i vi FAT32 trong Windows 2000 l 2 TB (Terrabytes) (xp x 2000GB). Tuy nhin, trn thc t kch thc ln nht ca mt phn vng (cng l kch thc ca mt a logic) khi s dng FAT32 l 32GB. Lu : Khi c gng nh dng mt phn vng a FAT32 ln hn 32GB, vic nh dng s kt thc tht bi gn cui qu trnh vi thng bo li sau y:
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
Logical Disk Manager: Volume size too big. Nh vy nu bn c mt a cng t 40GB tr ln bn nn chia thnh nhiu phn vng, mi phn vng c kch thc ti a l 32GB, nu bn quyt nh s dng h thng tp tin FAT32. Thiu st vng a trng (Free Space Flaw) ca FAT32 Hin tng Free Space Flaw (Thiu st vng a trng) l mt s st nh i vi h thng FAT32, n lm cho Windows thnh thong khng bo ng dung lng a cn trng (v d n bo ch cn vi chc MB a trng, trong khi thc t l hn 500 MB), c bit l khi my tnh ca bn b treo hay tt my khng ng th tc (do cp in chng hn). Tnh trng ny khng c g nguy him v tt c nhng g bn cn lm sa cha l chy tin ch Scandisk (scandskw.exe trong Windows, scandisk.exe trong DOS). Nn nh rng Scandisk ch gii quyt nht thi, vn ny vn c th xy ra sau mi khi my ca bn b treo hay bn tt my khng ng cch. Lu : * Windows 95 OSR 2.x v cc Windows 9x sau ny c ci t ch t ng chy Scandisk mi khi h thng ca Bn b tt khng ng th tc. * Thiu st ny ch nh hng n vng a trng do Windows tnh ton ch khng phi l ngun gc ca vic mt d liu. DMA Tng t nh CD (xem bi DMA v nhng vn lin quan n CD v CD R/W bo e-Chip s 4), khi thit lp c tnh h tr DMA cho a cng bn c th lm cho h thng ca bn chy nhanh hn nu h thng ca bn p ng c y cc yu cu k thut (loi chipset trn bo mch ch h tr Bus Mastering DMA, trnh iu khin thit b thch hp, cng h tr DMA). Ngc li, bn cng c th gp nhiu rc ri vi n. C mt iu lc quan l hin nay ht cc bo mch ch v cng c mt trn th trng trong thi gian gn y u h tr UDMA. a cng qu nng Ni chung khi nhit trong my tng ln qu cao (do qut thot nhit b h hay h thng thot nhit khng hiu qu) c th gy ra nhiu s c au u nu bn cha c kinh nghim v chuyn ny. Ring v a cng, nu nhit trong mi trng gn n tng cao c th gy ra li khi ghi a (disk write errors). Nu bn thy khi my mi chy th khng c g xy ra, nhng khi chy c mt thi gian (khong 30 pht) my bt u bo li th bn c th nghi ng h thng thot nhit ca bn c vn . Qut lm mt C mt s a cng c tng cng lm mt bng cch gn thm qut mt di ca a (phn gn bo mch). Tuy nhin, nu qut c cht lng dm th sau mt thi gian qut b trc trc (chy chm, git cc hay khng khi ng ni) v iu ny c th lm nh hng n a cng, thm ch c th lm h a cng. Nu bn cm thy my ca bn t ni thong mt, hoc trong phng lnh th bn c th khng cn s dng qut lm mt ny bng cch ngt ngun cp in cho qut hoc thay bng mt qut m bo cht lng cao bo v
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a cng. Nhng thng s bit ni Khi mua a cng thng bn ch quan tm n dung lng a cng, tc ATA, tc quay (5400, 7200 RPM...) ch bn t khi quan tm n nhng thng s khc. Thc ra, a cng cn nhiu thng s bit ni khc gip bn d dng nhn nh cht lng ca a cng hoc khi nghe qung co v mt a cng mi bn cng khng cm thy , cc cc. C TRNG K THUT TC DNG 9, 11MS AVERAGE SEEK TIME Truy xut nhanh (cng nh cng tt) AT/IDE INTERFACE Giao din thng dng nht Tit kim hn 300,000 / 500,000 HOURS MTBF Tui th cao, bn 8.33MB/SEC DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS Hiu sut a v h thng c ci thin POWER MANAGEMENT FOR GREEN PC Tiu th t nng lng SELF DIAGNOSTICS Xc nhn cht lng v tin cy ca a SHOCK & VIBRATION kim tra hot ng di nhng iu kin bt thng (nh va p hay rung ng) HIGHER RPM MOTOR Tng hiu sut chung ca a DATA TRANSFER RATE Lung lu thng d liu nhanh hn AUTO PARKING & LOAD Gim thiu nguy c lm hng a cng AUTO REASSIGN DEFECTIVE SECTOR Tnh ton vn d liu c nng cao BUFFER Tc truyn dn d liu c nng cao VARIETY OF HIGH CAPACITY DRIVES Cn thit cho nhiu i tng s dng cng nh nhiu ng dng khc nhau FORMATTED CAPACITY a cung cp thm nhiu vng lu tr ENHANCED IDE COMPLIANT/FAST ATA C kh nng tng thch hon ton Ti u ha hot ng ca a cng Khi cc my vi tnh tr nn mnh m hn, vi cc b vi x l ln n hng gigahertz (GHz) v gi RAM gim nhanh, bn s nhn thy rng h thng ca bn vn cn b n tc (tc hiu ng nght c chai) ngay vic truy xut a cng. Mc d bn khng giu nh... Bill Gate sm mt dy a SCSI cao tc (high-speed SCSI disk arrays) cho my ca bn, nhng bn vn c cch ti u ha hot ng ca a cng, nh lm tng kh nng hot ng ca ton b h thng. Trong bi ny, chng ta s cng kho st mt s cch c th lm cho cng t c hiu sut ti a m n c th cung cp c. Cc h thng tp tin v tnh hiu qu Windows 2000 h tr cc h thng tp tin FAT16 (FAT), FAT32 v NTFS. C nhiu l do thuyt phc s dng NTFS trn tt c cc phn vng a cng ca bn. Vic m ho tp tin (File encryption), nn tp tin, cp hn ngch a (disk quotas), tnh bo mt mc tng tp tin, v nhng c trng khc ca Windows 2000 i hi NTFS; Bn khng th s dng cc c tnh ny trn cc phn vng c nh dng trong cc h thng tp tin FAT. V NTFS l mt h thng tp tin mnh hn, n cng i hi s phc v nhiu hn ca h thng (tc l lm cho hiu sut ca h thng gim i cht xu). Tuy nhin, trong hu ht cc trng hp, s khc bit nh v hiu sut khng ng k so vi nhng u
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
im n mang li. nh dng so vi chuyn i C mt iu m nhiu ngi khng l bn c th tng hiu sut hot ng ca a cng bng cch tin hnh nh dng sch trong NTFS. Windows 2000 cho php bn chuyn i t mt phn vng FAT hay FAT32 thnh NTFS, nhng mt a c chuyn i s khng ngon lnh nh mt a c nh dng NTFS ngay t u. Nh vy, nu bn phi chn la gia chuyn i v nh dng, bn c th cn lu li d liu v nh dng phn vng NTFS. Li khuyn Nh lu li bt k d liu no trn a FAT/FAT32 trc khi bn nh dng n NTFS, v vic nh dng lm cho bn b mt tt c d liu trn phn vng. Tinh chnh hiu sut ca NTFS Bng cch v hiu ha cc chc nng v nhng c tnh khng cn thit, bn c th ci thin ng k hiu sut ca NTFS. Do kh nng tng thch li (backward compatibility), NTFS to ra mt tp tin tm-chm-ba (tn tp tin kiu MS-DOS) song hnh vi tn tp tin di m bn gn cho mt tp tin. Nu bn khng chia x cc tp tin vi cc h iu hnh 16-bit (MS-DOS, Windows 3.x) hay cc ng dng chy di du nhc DOS (nh Foxpro for DOS chng hn), bn khng cn n c tnh ny. Khi v hiu ha vic to t ng cc tn ngn s loi tr ph tn cn thc hin nhim v ny v nng cao hiu sut. Mt c tnh khc ca NTFS c th cho v hiu ha ci thin hiu sut l t ng cp nht du ngy/gi (cho bit thi gian truy cp gn y nht) khi bn lt qua mt th mc. C hai s iu chnh nhm tinh chnh hiu sut a cng ny i hi bn phi iu chnh Registry. Nh lun lun thn trng khi thay i trc tip i vi Registry. Li khuyn Trn cc phn vng NTFS nh th nh hng v hiu sut do vic t ng cp nht ngy/gi truy cp gn y nht c th khng ng k nhng trn cc phn vng ln th kh ng k. T lnh Run trn trnh n Start, nh Regedit hay Regedt32 v truy xut kha di y (xem Hnh A): HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\FileSystem Bn c th nng cao hiu sut hot ng ca a cng bng cch iu chnh Registry v hiu ha cc c tnh NTFS khng cn thit. v hiu ha cc tn tp tin ngn, thay i tr ca NtfsDisable8dot3NameCreation thnh 1. v hiu ha vic cp nht nhn thi gian truy cp gn y nht, thay i tr ca NtfsDisableLastAccessUpdate thnh 1. Nu mc kin cha c sn, bn s phi to n. Cc a ng (Dynamic disks) Windows 2000 h tr vic to mt kiu a mi (cch thc truyn thng t chc cc a l chia chng thnh cc phn vng, c gi l mt a c bn basic disk), kiu a mi ny, c tn gi l cc a ng (dynamic disks), h tr cc cp RAID phn mm 0, 1, v 5. Cc cp RAID ny cung cp kh nng chu ng sai st (fault tolerance) v cng c th lm tng hiu sut. Cc cp RAID chu ng sai st (1 v 5) ch c sn trn Windows 2000 Server, nhng Windows 2000 Professional cho php bn to striped volumes trn cc a
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
ng. Li khuyn Mc nhin, cc ia c cu hnh nh l cc a c bn. chuyn i mt a c bn thnh a ng, m Disk Manager (bm nt phi con chut trn My Computer, chn Manage, v chn Storage | Disk Management trong khung ca s bn tri). Bm nt phi chut trn a trong ca s bn phi v chn Upgrade To Dynamic Disk (trong Windows 2000 Server). Lu l bn khng th o ngc qu trnh v ging cp v a c bn m khng lm mt tt c cc d liu trn a. Hiu qu hot ng ca cc striped volumes Cc Striped volumes (RAID 0) khng c tc dng g v mt chu ng sai st. Mc ch ca vic to mt volum RAID 0 l nng cao hiu sut ca a. Mt Striped volume ri d liu xuyn sut qua hai hay nhiu a cng vt l, cc a cng ny to thnh mt a trn phng din logic, theo sc (tc ghi lun phin cc kh?i d liu trn a th nht, n th hai,... ri li quay tr li a th nht v c nh th). Thng lng (hay nng sut chuyn ti d liu) c tng ln, v h iu hnh c th truy xut ng thi c hai a. Striped volumes cung cp hiu sut tt nht trong tt c cc loi volums ca Windows 2000. on t a cng Phn mnh a l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ph bin nht i vi vic lm suy gim hiu sut a cng. Mt a cng b phn mnh khi cc tp tin b xa v cc tp tin mi c ghi ln a, v cc tp tin mi khng c lu tr trong cc lin cung k cn nhau. iu ny lm tng thi gian tm kim v h thng phi tm tt c cc mnh ca tp tin b phn chia t tn trong cc v tr vt l khc nhau trn a. Mt cng c on t a cng ti sp xp li d liu trn a sao cho cc tp tin c lu tr trn cc lin cung lin k nhau. Windows 2000 Professional cha mt cng c gi l Disk Defragmenter, truy xut bng Computer Management hay thng qua Start | Programs | Accessories | System Tools. Bn nn s dng cng c Disk Defragmenter phn tch cc a cng ca bn thng xuyn (nh m t trong Hnh B) v on t khi cn thit. iu ny c th lm tng tc truy cp a ng k. Bn nn phn tch a thng xuyn v on t khi cn. Kt lun Hin tng tht c chai a cng l k ti ng nghi nht khi my chy Windows 2000 Professional (k c bt k h iu hnh no) b chm li. Ta cn phi thc hin mt s thao tc ti u ha hiu sut a cng v tng tc chung cho c h thng trc khi mc hu bao cho vic nng cp phn cng. Bt mch a cng dm bn Hi: My ca ti gn y chy chm v hay b treo my. Ti cho chy ScanDisk vi kiu kim tra (Type of test) l Thorough v chn Automatically fix errors (t ng sa li) nhng ch chy c khong 10% th my b ng. C cch no khc phc khng? p: Khi chy ScanDisk, chn kiu kim tra l Throrough v bm chn nt Options... Khi xut hin khung thoi Surface Scan Options, chn Data area only v Do not perform write-testing (xem hnh), ri bm OK, bm Start bt u kim tra a. Nu a cng khng gp vn g qu nghim trng th hy
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
vng bn vt qua c ca i ny. Nu kim tra thnh cng, Bn c th chy li ScanDisk nhng ln ny chn System area only (tt nhin vn chn Do not perform write-testing). Nu vic kim tra ln th hai din ra sun s th bn th cho chy li ScanDisk ln th ba nhng ln ny chn System and data areas v khng chn Do not perform write-testing. - Nu ln kim tra th ba my b treo th a cng ca bn c th gp vn khi ghi ln a. C nhiu nguyn nhn nh: a cng c li v phn cng, my b virus, trnh iu khin thit b a cng b h, c tranh chp gia cc phn mm khng tng thch, a cng qu nng... Trc khi cu cu chuyn gia, bn th thc hin cc bc di y: - Tt my, ch cho my ngui khong 30 pht. - Kim tra cc cp ngun v cp d liu ni vi a cng xem c b lng khng. Nu c th gn li cho chc. - Bt my li. Nu my khi ng vo Windows bnh thng, lu li tt c nhng d liu cn thit (phng khi a sp b h tht s). y l bc quan trng m bn nn lm ngay. - Qut virus. - G b bt nhng phn mm mi ci t trong thi gian gn y hay phn mm m bn thy khng cn thit. - Np li (t a km theo bo mch ch) hay nng cp trnh iu khin thit b a cng (download t web site ca hng sn xut bo mch ch trn internet). - Nu tt c cc bc trn cng khng gii quyt c vn , c l bn phi thc hin bc sau cng (d bn khng h mun) l ci li h iu hnh Windows (nu a vn cn c/ghi bnh thng). Hi: Khi chy bt k ng dng no, ti thy khi n bt u thc hin tc v ghi ln a cng l xut hin thng bo li Serious Disk Error Writing (li ghi a nghim trng). C phi a cng ca ti sp b h khng? Ti phi x l nh th no y? p: Ch mt x (x), ng tt c cc chng trnh ang chy khc, th cho thc hin li tc v ghi a (bng cch nhn nt Retry chng hn). Nu vn khng c tc dng, bn th cho chy chng trnh ScanDisk: chn Windows Start/Programs/Accessories/System Tools/Scandisk. Chn a cng, bm chn Thorough, v sau bm chn Start. Nu Scandisk b ng, th ng li v khi ng li ScanDisk. Nu Scandisk bo li m n c th khc phc c, bm Finish v kim tra xem li c c khc phc khng. Nu Scandisk bo l khng th khc phc c (c th do s c phn cng hay h hng vt l), bn tt my v tho np my kim tra bn trong. Kim tra li cc u cp ni (gn cht nu cn) ng thi kim tra xem nhit mi trng. Nu my qu nng, bn cn ch khong 30 pht n mt ting cho my ngui hn sau bt my tr li. Nu my vo c Windows bnh thng v khng bo li ghi a th cp lng hay my qu nng l nguyn nhn ca vn , lc ny bn nn tranh th sao lu tt c cc d liu cn thit ln a khc. Nu li ghi a vn tip tc xut hin v my cng khng qu nng th a cng ca bn c trc trc v vt l, bn cn lin h vi nh cung cp nu cn thi gian bo hnh. Hi: Ti sao h thng ca ti (chy Windows 2000) b treo v hin th li
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
0x00000054 trn mt mn hnh xanh? p: Bn c th nhn c thng bo li ny khi bn gn mt k t a cho mt phn vng (partition) a cha c nh dng. Tuy nhin, tu thuc vo cu hnh, my c th t ng khi ng li trc khi bn c th pht hin c vn . Cho d my ca bn c khi ng li hay khng, bn c th thy trong bn ghi nht k s c (event log), phn thng tin v li nh sau: Event Type: Information Event Source: Save Dump Event Category: None Event ID: 1001 Description: The computer has rebooted from a bugcheck. The bugcheck was: 0x00000054 (0x003612ca, 0xf2688d00, 0x00000000, 0x00000000). gii quyt li ny, Bn thc hin mt trong cc ng tc sau: * S dng thnh phn Disk Management ca Computer Management Microsoft Management Console (MMC) ca Windows 2000 xa phn vng cha c nh dng. * S dng thnh phn Disk Management ca Computer Management MMC ca Win2K nh dng phn vng. * S dng thnh phn Disk Management ca Computer Management MMC ca Win2K g b k t a. chy thnh phn Disk management ca MMC trong Win2K Professional, Bn dng chut bm chn cc mc theo trnh t nh sau (tt nhin vi iu kin l Bn phi ng k vo my bng ti khon ngi dng c quyn hn ca mt local Administrator) Start \Settings \Control Panel \Administrative Tools \Computer Management \Disk management. Hi: Ti sao ti nhn c cc li v b nh hay vng a trng (storage space) sau khi ci t phn mm mi? p: Windows XP, Windows 2000, v Windows NT u c mt tr IRPStackSize kim sot vic c bao nhiu dung lng RAM v dung lng a cng vt l cn trng i vi cc ng dng mi, nhng mt s phn mm mi ci t li thit lp tr ny khng ng. Tr ny trong phm vi t 11 n 20 i vi XP v t 11 n 15 i vi Win2K v NT. Nu Bn thit lp tr ny nh hn 11, Bn s nhn c mt thng bo li cho bit rng h thng khng c vng lu tr trng trn my ch (hoc my ng vai tr my ch trong mt tc v ch/khch no ). Kt qu l cc my trm (clients) s khng th truy cp cc ti nguyn dng chung trn mng v m bin c (Event ID) 2011 s xut hin trong bn nht k h thng (System log). thit lp IRPStackSize tr li tr mc nhin (15 i vi XP, 11 i vi NT), Bn thc hin cc bc sau: 1. Khi ng registry editor (tc l regedit.exe). 2. Duyt n mc kha HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\lanmanserv er\parameters. 3. Bm kp IRPStackSize (hoc nu mc ny cha c, to mi mc d liu
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
IRPStackSize (nh ng ch in v ch thng) c kiu l DWORD. 4. Thay i base v decimal, thit lp tr 11 i vi Win2K hay NT hay 15 i vi XP, v bm OK. Khi ng li my tnh. Hi: Ti sao khi ci t Windows 2000 h thng b treo vi mt li 0x0000001E exception error? p: Nu my tnh ca bn s dng mt bo mch ch vi chipset VIA MVP3 v mt cng Ultra ATA/100, Win2K c th treo vi li m bn cp. Ni chung, nhng bo mch ch ny khng h tr UDMA 100 m cc a cng c c trng k thut ATA/100 yu cu (nhng bo mch ch ny thng ch h tr UDMA 33 hay UDMA 33/66). R rng l a khng bo cho h thng bit v kh nng tng thch li (backward compatibility), v v qu trnh ci t Win2K li ch rt k v phn cng, h thng b treo im ny C th thc hin 1 trong hai gii php sau khc phc: * Nng cp BIOS ca bn, nu vic lm s cho php h thng ca bn h tr ATA/100 (UDMA 100). * Thc hin nhng thay i sau y i vi BIOS ca bn: 1. Vo BIOS v v hiu ha (tt) UDMA trn knh IDE ni vi a cng ca Bn (chng hn knh Primary IDE). 2. Vn trong BIOS, thit lp ch programmed input/output (PIO) Mode 4 thay v auto. 3. Ci t Win2K. Vic ci t s tip tc m khng gp rc ri g. 4. Khi phc li hai thay i i vi BIOS m bn thc hin bc 1 v 2 tr li cc tr c trc v xem th Win2K c cn chy n nh khng. 5. Nu Win2K khng n nh, c l cn s cn phi gi li 2 thay i m bn thc hin i vi BIOS nu nh Bn vn s dng a . Bn nn s dng a cng ATA/100 vi mt bo mch ch cng h tr ATA/100. Hi: Khi ci t Windows 2000 ti gp phi li "Windows 2000 could not locate your hard disk". Ti sao xy ra chuyn ny? p: C nhiu kh nng Bn cn phi ci t cc trnh iu khin thit b lu tr tam nhn (third party mass storage device drivers) vo lc bt u qu trnh ci t bng cch nhn phm F6. Bc ny s cho php Bn m t v ci t cc trnh iu khin SCSI hay UDMA 100/66 do hng sn xut cung cp. Hi: Ti c mt h thng dual-boot gm Windows 98SE v Windows 2000 trn cc phn vng (partitions) ring bit. Mi th u lm vic tt ngoi tr mt iu l ti khng th c c phn vng Windows 2000 khi khi ng Windows 98SE. Ti sao vy? p: Khi Bn ci Windows 2000 Bn chn nh dng phn vng NTFS. Windows 98SE ch c c FAT 16 v FAT 32. "Disk Manager" DISK MANAGER (DM) l mt chng trnh chy ngoi MS-DOS x l cng, nh nh dng, phn vng,... DM chia a cc k nhanh. c bit l n nh dng HDD vi dung lng chnh xc nht v c coi l ti u trong chuyn x cc g HDD c dung lng khng l. Bn phi dng DM to a mm khi ng v ci t DM ln a mm ny. Bn ch
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
c s dng DM ca ng nhn hiu cng. nh dng v phn vng HDD: Giai on ban u ca mi DM tuy c th khc nhau, nhng phn c bn cng tng t nhau. Hin nay, hu ht cc a mm DM u t boot v t chy. Sau nhng th tc ban u, bn chn chc nng Install HDD. DM ca IBM, bn phi chn ngay tc v cn thc hin. Nu mun nh dng HDD, bn nhn phm s 2 chn tc v DM. _ Menu Disk Manager Main Menu c bn mc: - (E)asy Disk Installation: nh dng n gin. - (A)dvanced Options: Cc ty chn nng cao. - (V)iew/Print Online Manual: Xem v in hng dn s dng on-line. - Exit Disk Manager: Thot khi DM. Bn chn mc 2 (A)dvanced Options nh dng HDD. _ Menu Advanced Options gm bn mc: - (A)dvanced Disk Installation: Ci t a nng cao. - (M)aintenance Options: Cc ty chn bo dng. - (U)pgrade Disk Manager: Nng cp DM. Bn chn mc 1 (A)dvanced Disk Installation ci t HDD nng cao. _ DM nhn din HDD ang c trong h thng ca bn. Chn Yes xc nhn. Khi trong my c ti hai HDD, bn phi cn thn chn ng HDD mnh mun x. _ Trn mn hnh chn loi h iu hnh, bn chn loi d nh s dng. C cc ty chn: - Windows 95, 95A, 95 OSR1 (FAT 16) - Windows 95 OSR2, 98, 98SE, Me, 2000 (FAT 16 or 32) - Windows NT 3.51 (or earlier) - Windows NT 4.0 (or later) or OS/2 - DOS/Windows 3.1x (FAT 16) - Other Operating System Bn nn chn mc 2 Windows 95 OSR2, 98, 98SE, Me, 2000 (FAT 16 or 32) cho n rng ng binh sau ny. _ DM hi bn c ng cho n format HDD bng h thng file FAT 32 hay khng? Nn chn Yes. _ Trn menu Select a Partition Option, bn chn mt ty chn phn vng (hay gi l chia partition) m mnh mun. _ Nu mun nguyn HDD lm mt partition, bn chn OPTION (A). Nu DM chia thnh bn partition bng nhau, bn chn OPTION (B). Cn trong trng hp mun phn cc vng c dung lng khc nhau theo mnh, bn chn OPTION (C). Xin lu : Khi chia HDD ra cng nhiu vng, bn s cng mt nhiu ti nguyn cho chuyn qun l tng vng v tc HDD s b chm li. Vi cc HDD c dung lng ln, dt khot bn phi chia vng nhng phn mm h thng c chng b sc, c th nhn din c; ng thi khi cn xa phn mnh (defragment), cng c ny chy nh hn v nhanh hn. Bn ln lt g dung lng tng vng vo hp Size of Partition.
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
Vi BestCrypt bn c th to nhiu a o trn mt a thc v ch c bn hay nhng ngi c bn cho php mi s dng c nhng a o ny. Thc cht, mi a o l mt file c tn ui .jbc (gi l file container) v ni dung ca file chnh l ni dung c m ho ca a o. Bestcrypt hot ng nh mt b phn ca h iu hnh (t ng m ho v gii m khi c/ghi a), bn ch cn nhp ng mt khu m file container l bn c th lm vic vi file ny nh vi mt a thc th, thm ch bn cn c th chia s (share) a o trn mng cho mi ngi xi. c im ca BestCrypt - Tng thch hon ton vi Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000/XP - C th di chuyn file container qua mt vt tr tin khc nh: ri, quang, mng (k c khi my tnhtrn mng khng cng h iu hnh) m vn truy xut c bnh thng. - T ng ng a o nu khng s dng sau mt thi gian quy nh. - Cho php ngi dng chn la thut ton m ho trong s cc thut ton chun: Blowfish, Twofish, GOST, Rijndael. Ngoi ra BestCrypt cn cho php nhng thm cc thnh phn m ho ca hng th ba. - T ng lu cc thng tin v vic chia s a o trong mng ngi dng khi mc cng ti lp mi khi khi ng li my. 1/ To a o: Cho php to a o c dung lng ti thiu 20Kb v ti a l 512Gb (NTFS), 4Gb (FAT32), 2Gb ( FAT). - Chy BestCrypt, m menu Container/New container. Trong hp thoi New container, t tn cho file container (FileName), ch nh a cha file container (Location), ch nh dung lng cho a o (Size), chn thut ton m ho (Algorithm), ch nh k t cho a o (Mount drive). Bm nt Creat. - Trong hp thoi Enter Password, nhp mt khu truy cp a o 2 ln (t nht l 8 k t). - Bm phm bt k lin tc cho n khi nt OK trong hp thoi Seed value generation c hiu lc, bm OK. - Format a o theo FAT, FAT32 hay NTFS. 2/ Ci/G a o - s dng, bn cn phi ci (mount) a o vo h thng bng cch chn file container ri chn menu Container/Mount (hay bm phm phi chut ln file m menu rt gn). Trong hp thoi Enter Password, ch nh k t a, nhp mt khu, chn Auto Mount t ng ci a o mi khi khi ng Windows, chn Read only (ch c) nu khng cho php ghi. Ch : Cc a o mi to s t ng c ci vo h thng ngay lp tc. - g a o, chn a ang ci ri chn menu Container/Dismount. 3/ Thay i xc lp i vi nhng a o cha ci, bn bm phm phi chut vo file container ri chn Properties. Trong hp thoi Change container properties, bn c th thay i tn v di chuyn file container, thay i cc m ho v mt khu, thm hay b bt mt khu (khi c nhiu ngi cng s dng file container). Bn c th ti phn mm v ng k key bn quyn ti website
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
http://www.jetico.com hay tm key trn a CDROM cc ca hng dch v Tin hc. Gii quyt s c a cng Nh thng l, khi bt my tnh, thay v logo Windows quen thuc, th hm nay bn chng nhn thy g c. Bn ngh, th l a cng ca mnh i t ri!, v bt u lo lng, phi lm g y? Cng ging nh vin phi cng khi i mt vi mt s c nghim trng: dng cun cm nang cu h v c gng chnh tng th mt. 1. ng qu lo lng: Mn hnh trng rng hoc trc trc trong qu trnh khi ng khng phi lc no cng do hng a cng. a cng hin nay thng th hn cc b phn khc ca PC, cng nh vic chy cc tin ch h thng khng cn thit hoc thay v ci t li phn cng thng. 2. Khi ng li: Tt my tnh, ch 10 giy, v bt my li. ng tc ny s iu chnh li my tnh - v thng thng th vy l gii quyt trc trc ny. 3. Kim tra bn ngoi: Nu mn hnh vn trng rng, kim tra li tt c cc dy tip in, cp ni, v cc u ni bo m l chng khng b lng. Kim tra thit b chng t bin in, bo m cu ch ca n cha b t hoc cha b h hng. ng thi phi kim tra li cc nm vn tng phn v xem sng mn hnh c b vn xung mc thp nht khng. 4. Lng nghe ting ng: Khi PC khi ng bn phi lng nghe ting qut chy b ngun cp in. Bn cng phi nghe thy ting quay ca a cng. Nu tt c u im lng, c th ngun cp in b hng hay mt ch ni in b lng. Hy m np hp my v kim tra bo m tt c cc dy cp u c gn chc. Nn nh l phi lun eo vng chng tnh in hay c cc bin php kh tnh in thn th trc khi chm vo bt k mt b phn no bn trong PC. Nu nghe thy mt lot ting bip trc khi h thng b treo, bn phi ghi nh s ting bip v cc ting di hay ngn. Thng bo li bng m thanh ny c to ra t BIOS h thng v cho bn bit nhng thng tin v mt trc trc c pht hin. Tm nh sn xut my tnh xc nh thng bo li c ngha c th l g. 5. Tm cc u mi: Khi khi ng PC chy chng trnh Power-On Self Test (Kim tra khi m my) xc nhn s hin din ca cc b phn phn cng ch yu nh chip nh, card video v a. Quan st k cc thng bo li xut hin trn mn hnh. Bn cng c th c thy cu xc nhn hoc thng bo li khi h thng khi ng cc thit b cao cp hn nh CD-ROM. Tuy vy, khng phi lc no cng cn thng bo li. Nu h thng b treo trong khi ang thit lp cu hnh cho mt thit b ngoi vi th c kh nng chnh l th phm. Nu h thng ca bn khi ng Windows th t nht mt phn a ca bn vn hot ng. Windows 95 v 98 vn dng cc tp tin DOS autoexec.bat v config.sys np cc driver i vi mt s b phn phn cng c. Nu PC ca bn b treo trong lc np driver ny, hy nhn sau khi thy Starting Windows 9x. ng tc ny cho php bn chy cc tp tin mi ln mt dng thy r
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
trc trc xy ra khi ang np thit b no. - Nu nhn thy thng bo li Boot disk failure hoc Operating system not found thay v thng bo Starting windows 9x, th c ngha l PC khng np c Windows t a cng. C th a cng b hng nng. 6. Khi ng t a mm. Qu trnh ny s b qua a cng v dng xc nhn my tnh ca bn vn bnh thng. Dng a khi ng Windows km theo my ca bn (nu khng c a khi ng ny th tt nht l to ra mt a nh vy). Cch lm nh sau: a a vo a mm, nhn Add/Remove Programs trong Control Panel, chn Startup Disk v nhn Create Disk. Khi ng li h thng bng a khi ng trong a mm. Nu h thng khi ng thnh cng v hin th du nhc A:\> c ngha l PC ca bn ang hot ng tt. Th truy cp a cng bng cch g C: v nhn . Nu thy xut hin du nhc C:\>, th chuyn i cc th mc v th chp mt tp tin nh vo a mm. Nu thnh cng, bn c th ghi vo a cng, v a cng c th vn cn mt sc sng no (i khi cc a cng cht t t). Tn dng thi c sao lu cc tp tin quan trng, sau chy mt tin ch chn on a cng nh ScanDisk hoc Norton Disk Doctor. 7. Kim tra thng s CMOS. Nu gp thng bo li Dirve C: not found (hoc i khi nh vy), c th PC ca bn khng nhn ra a cng v b mt cc thng s thit lp CMOS. iu ny xy ra khi pin nui CMOS yu hoc hng. khc phc, vo chng trnh setup CMOS: Trong khi PC ang khi ng, nhn phm hoc hoc hoc bt k phm no do nh sn xut PC quy nh (xem ti liu k thut km theo my). Nu khng c a cng no c lit k, bn phi nhp li thng s ci t a cng ny. Bn c th khai bo cc thng s mt cch th cng (cc thng s ny thng c in trn v a cng), nhng hu ht cc PC s nhp li chng dm bn bng tin ch t ng lp cu hnh cng ca chng trnh ci t CMOS. Nu thc hin tt c cc bc k trn m a cng ca bn vn b trc trc th n lc phi hi cc chuyn gia.
* Laptop ri xung nc
Sau khi chic my tnh xch tay b "v nc" v khng cn hot ng c, bn phi tin hnh mt s thao tc sau hy vng hi phc li my v ly li d liu. 1. Tho pin ra khng t cc thit b cn li bn trong my. 2. Dc my ln cho nc chy ra. 3. Tho my: ly quang v bn phm ra. iu ny c th hi kh khn, bn nn tham kho thm ti liu hng dn i km my. Sau khi tho ra, dng khn thm lau sch nhng ch cn nc. Theo mt chuyn gia k thut ca HP, bn cng c th dng my sy tc lm kh nc. Nc l him ho tim n i vi my tnh 4. Hy kh my t 12 n 24 gi. Theo chuyn gia ca IBM, bn khng nn bt my ln khi my cha hon ton kh. 5. Bt li my, nu my hot ng li c, sao chp mi d liu quan trng v
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
gi in cho nh sn xut, cc i l hay knh phn phi chnh thc ca hng, v ngay c khi my hot ng li, rt cn s kim tra ca cc chuyn gia. 6. Nu mi vic vn cha n, bn cn mt ty chn na l nh cc c s dch v phc hi d liu t cng.
* MN HNH B H ?
Theo mt s nh "ngm ku" th my tnh thuc ging ci v n ni khng l c, ni c l ...cha chc. Mn hnh ti thui cha chc ti mn hnh h. Theo ti bnh ca n c th do mt s nguyn nhn sau: * Bn (hay ai ) t phn gii mn hnh (hoc tn s refresh) qu cao ngoi tm ca ci monitor. Th d monitor ca bn c phn gii ln nht l 1024x768. Trong Windows bn li t l 1280x1024. Triu chng: khi mn hnh chuyn t text mode (c phn gii thp) sang graphic mode (c phn gii cao) th mn hnh b chp, sc, tri, hnh nh chng ln nhau... lu c th lm "t bng". Nguyn nhn ny t c kh nng xy ra v nu bn t sai thng s th mn hnh s tt ngay sau khi bn set. 15 giy sau Windows s t ng tr v nh c tr phi bn v tnh click trng nt OK. Cch x l: mn mt ci monitor c phn gii cao gn vo, chnh phn gii xung mc thp nht. Thay tr li monitor c v tng dn phn gii ln n khi va . * Monitor ca bn b "tai bin mch mu no, lit na ngi". Hm qua cn chy c phn gii cao. Hm nay ch chy c phn gii thp. Bn c th dng tm bng cch t phn gii thp xung trong khi ch em ra tim sa. Cch lm ging nh trn. * Bn khng ni r "n hnh tt" l sao? L ci mn hnh en thui hay ci n nh xu cnh ci cng tc khng sng? Nu ci n nh khng sng -> khng c tn hiu t Card mn hnh qua monitor, monitor chuyn sang ch standby tit kim in. -> kim tra li Card mn hnh. * Mn hnh ti thui do my b treo: Li phi xt ba trng hp: (1) Mi ln khi ng my u b treo sau mt khong thi gian c nh: (1a)Windows b li -> recover hoc reinstall. (1b) RAM b "thng", khi truy cp n nh hng th b treo: Vo CMOS chn Quickboot=Disable kim tra RAM. Nu my bn c nhiu thanh RAM th gn tng thanh mt tm xem thanh no h. (2) Ln u chy c 60 giy th treo, ln sau 30 giy, ln k 10 giy... -> My b treo do nng. Kim tra li xem c ci qut no khng quay khng? Gn thm qut th xem sao. (3) C khi chy 1 pht, c khi chy 2 pht mi treo: c mt ch no b lng, tip xc khng tt: v sinh my, tho ri tng b phn v lp li .* i khi ngun in khng cng gy ra nhng hin tng "k k qui qui". Nu bn ang xi qua UPS hoc n p th hy th b chng ra xem sao. C th UPS/n p ca bn cho ra in p ch c 200V hoc thp hn. Hoc thay
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
lun ci b ngun mi c cng sut ln hn. Ti tng gp trng hp ci my tnh mi rp chy hon ton bnh thng ch tr mt vic l khng in c. Mi u ti ngh l do cng USB b hng nn em ra bo hnh i ci mainboard mi. Sau khi test ti ch cn thn em v nh th vn b y nh c. n khi thay b ngun khc th mi ht bnh.Ni tm li mi h hng ca my tnh u khng c nguyn nhn r rng. Khng th chn on t xa m cho ra kt qu chnh xc c. Phi nhn tn mt, s tn tay, nghe tn tai, ngi tn mi, thay ci ny, th ci kia... mi bit h ci g. Chc bn thnh cng.
* Bo v a cng
C nhiu loi thit b lu tr khc nhau nh a mm, CD, DVD, th nh hay USB flash driver... Tuy nhin, i vi my tnh quan trng hng u vn l a cng HDD. Cng ngy a cng c dung lng cng ln v gi c th c xu hng r i. Cch y chng 5 nm ph bin l cc loi a c dung lng t 1,2 GB n ti a l 10 GB. By gi a cng c dung lng 40 GB, 80 GB, thm ch hng trm GB. Tuy nhin, ci v gi chnh l d liu cha trong a cng. Mt ngy khng p tri no a bt thnh lnh "t t" trong khi cha kp sao lu d liu th tht l tai ha. Chnh v vy, hy quan tm n sc khe ca thit b lu tr ht sc quan trng ny kp thi ng ph. Mt chun mc rt quan trng bt buc cc nh sn xut phi tch hp trong a cng em li nim tin cho ngi tiu dng l S.M.A.R.T (Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting Technology - K thut t kim tra, phn tch v bo co cc trc trc). Khi pht hin ra cc du hiu h hng gn ngng quy nh c th lm a cng ngng hot ng, tnh nng ny s a ra cc cnh bo cho ngi dng. S.M.A.R.T c pht trin da trn k thut Predictive Failure Analysis - PFA (phn tch s c d bo trc) ca hng IBM ng dng cho cc Mainframe Computer (my tnh c ln dng trong qun s v cng nghip). Cn cng ty u tin nghin cu k thut ny cho my tnh bn l Compaq vi tn gi Drive Failure Prediction (d bo trc cc s c cho a). Bn nn bit hng IBM th nghim trn 3 triu a cng khc nhau c th a ra cc chun cho S.M.A.R.T. Nu kch hot tnh nng S.M.A.R.T trong mainboard t BIOS setup, nu a cng chun b hng, chng ta c th nhn c thng bo c ni dung "HDD Bad, Backup and Replace". K thut S.M.A.R.T Gm khong 35 c tnh khc nhau, gip d tm khong 70% li trong a cng. Bo co cho ngi dng bit thng qua mn hnh BIOS hoc thng qua mt phn mm chn on. Mi hng sn xut a tch hp vo sn phm ca mnh nhng c tnh c th khc nhau. Nhng mc tiu cui cng l phi d bo trc c nhng s c nguy him c th xy ra, d on gn chnh xc thi gian xy ra ngi dng kp thi sao lu d liu d phng. Mt s c tnh cc hng sn xut a cng thng tch hp trong k thut S.M.A.R.T l: ghi nhn nhit ca a cng, kh nng quay ca a cng, t l li th xy
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ra, m s ln khi ng v tt my... Cc phn mm chn on - HDD Health V 2.1: Ca tc gi Aleksey S Cherkasskiy, dung lng 879KB, tham kho thm v ti v t a ch www.panterasoft.com. Phn mm ny phn tch c 15 c tnh k thut. Quan trng nht l khi bn bm vo th Health, nu khung Known Problems ghi: "There are no problems with this hard drive" l tng i yn tm. Nu thm khung Overall health status cng nh khung Nearest T.E.C u k hiu N/A th chc chn a cng ca bn cn rt tt, khng phi lo lng g. - D-Temp: Dung lng kh b 144KB, min ph, khng cn ci t ch kch chut l n chy vi mt biu tng trn khay h thng c ghi nhit hin thi ca a cng. Ti v t a ch http://private.peterlink.ru/tochinov/download.html . - HDD Thermometer: Gim st nhit a cng, dung lng 213 KB l mt Free Software nhng khng hon ton min ph, n bt chng ta phi ng k s dng nhng khng phi tr tin. Nu cha ng k, mi ln chy chng trnh l mt ln gp Nag screen nhc nh phi ng k (Nag: m nheo, cu nhu). tin cy khi gim st nhit kh cao. Chng trnh ny cng hin th nhit a cng trn khay h thng.
* Bo v v khi phc d liu trn b nh Flash

Bn gp rc ri v mt d liu trn th nh USB hoc trn card Flash v khng bit phi lm g? Khi phc d liu t thit b nh l c th v khng qu phc tp. Vy cn chn ch g m khng kim mt phn mm c th gip bn gii quyt nhng rc ri trn. Th nh tr nn nhanh hn nhiu so vi nhng thit b nh ngoi vi ca my tnh trong thi gian gn y. Nhng th nh 32 hay 64MB ca 4 nm trc l mn hng th v v kh him thy mt phn v gi ca chng khng h r. Tuy nhin cho n nay vic mi ngi s dng my tnh c th s hu n khng cn l chuyn qu xa x. Chng tr nn bnh thng v rt ng tin cy ging nh a mm v a CD. Thit b s dng b nh Flash c mt vi u im chnh tt hn nhng chun lu tr lu ng khc l tnh thng dng ln. Chng cn c kh nng cha ng v tc truy xut ln hn rt nhiu so vi nhng a mm li thi, v cn bn hn a mm v a CD. Hin nay trnh iu khin USB c tch hp trc tip vo h iu hnh Windows v mt s khc nh Linux, MacOSX, nn i a s cc thit b Flash u c th s dng nh mt a cng nh lu ng, m khng vng phi nhng nhc im ca cng lu ng truyn thng nh c kch thc ln hay mng mnh d b trc trc do h thng c hc. Tuy nhin, khng c thit b no l hon ho, d c tt c nhng u im k trn tuy nhin USB v nhng thit b ghi nh khc nh compact flash v card SD cng c mt vi trc trc v nhng kh khn khng ng ti m bn ngi dng cn phi bit cch phng v khc phc khi vn pht sinh. 1. B nh Flash - C g c bit ? c im c trng ca b nh Flash chnh l tnh cht "tnh" ca n. Cc loi
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b nh ng truyn thng cn mt ngun cp in n nh v in th lu tr c d liu, nhng cc loi b nh flash khng cn iu ny. Cng ging nh loi chip nh EEPROM thng c s dng lu thng s BIOS trn bo mch ch, b nh flash cn in c th ghi v c d liu nhng vn tip tc lu tr d liu sau khi ngun in b ngt. iu ny lm n tr nn v gi i vi vic s dng nhng thit b lu ng vi nhng rng buc nht nh v ngun in. Nt c trng ny c c nh s dng cc transistor nh l mt thit b lu tr d liu. Nhng transistor bn trong b nh flash c th c dng thay i trng thi (t gi tr 1 n gi tr 0 v ngc li) vi ngun in chnh, nhng s vn tip tc trng thi trong khi ngun in b ngt. Hu ht nhng thit b b nh flash hin nay s dng cng ngh NAND c t tn da trn trt t sp xp logic ca cc chip nh. Chip Flash NAND nh gn, bn v c kh nng thc hin tc v c/ghi rt nhanh. Mt thit b nh s dng cng ngh NAND thng s cha nhiu chip nh, tng t vi hnh thc ca cc module nh nh RAM hay trn card ha, v mch iu khin kt ni gia b nh v giao din iu khin ca n vi nhng thit b khc. Hu hu cc loi b nh Flash u dng h thng tp tin FAT-32 hay FAT-16 tu thuc vo dung lng. Card da vo thit b flash thng s dng FAT-16, trong khi th nh USB ni chung s dng FAT-32. Phn ln nhng my quay k thut s v cc thit b khc khng th c c th nh flash nh dng FAT-32. Bn c th s ngc nhin khi bit rng FAT-16 thc cht ging vi h thng tp tin c s dng trn a mm t ngy xa. Do vy chng c g l khi cc my tnh thng thng d dng c v ghi ln thit b flash. Mi khi USB lm vic, v c bn ging nh mt a mm vi dung lng ln. Ging nh tt c cc thit b s dng nh dng FAT (FAT 32 l h thng tp tin thng c s dng trn cc a cng), thit b flash nht thit phi bao gm Master Boot Record (MBR), rnh ghi khi ng (Boot Sector - BS) v bng phn b tp tin (File Allocation Table - FAT). Bng phn b tp tin cha mt danh sch nhng file trn thit b b nh flash, kch thc v v tr ca chng trong b nh. Mi ln thc hin quy trnh c ghi t thit b u phi ly thng tin v cp nht cho bng FAT. Tt c nhng g gy thit hi cho FAT s lm h hng trt t d liu v y l l do ti sao hai bn copy lc no cng hin hu nhng phn khc nhau ca thit b nh. 2. Mi him ha ca thit b Flash: Hy nhn mt cch tng quan mt vi iu khc nhau c th i ti sai lm trm trng khi s dng thit b nh flash v vi nhng d liu c lu trn . a. Ngi dng: Chng c g ngc nhin khi yu t thng gp nht gy ra vic mt d liu trn thit b nh Flash chnh l con ngi. Bt k em b 3 tui ca bn ang nghch ngm vi bn phm my tnh hay bn ang m mng lc 3h sng u c th dn sch ni dung ca mt th nh Flash trong chp mt. Tuy nhin vn ny d khc phc nu pht hin kp thi v nu phn a cha cc file mi xa cha b ghi ln th c hi phc hi bng mt vi phn mm chuyn dng rt ln. b. Safely Remove Hardware: L do th hai xut pht t h iu hnh tng thch USB trc y nh Windows 2000. H iu hnh bt lu ng phi dng hon ton thng qua tc
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v Safely Remove Hardware sau khng c bt k d liu no c ghi ln na th ngi dng mi c php rt ra. iu ny ny sinh do thc t khi d liu c truyn ti ln mt thit b lu tr di ng, Windows thng hin th mt thanh trng thi mc d liu copy, tuy nhin khng phi khi thanh ny bin mt th d liu ca bn copy xong. Rc ri s ny sinh khi ngi s dng git thit b lu tr ra khi my tnh m khng s dng tu chn Safely Remove Hardware. Nhng file cha kp a ln s khng xut hin trong hoc b li do cha copy hon thin. c. nh ri thit b: Th n sau vn v tnh, c nhiu trng hp mt d liu cn ny sinh do chnh vic ngi dng lm mt thit b di ng. Ngay c nhng cng c ti tn v t tin nht cng khng th gip g nu bn nh ri bt lu tr USB ca mnh trn ng i lm. Trong trng hp ny, vic cu d liu l khng th, bn ch c th m bo rng d liu quan trng hoc nhy cm trong khng b l ra ngoi phng trng hp b k xu li dng. C nhiu thit b lu tr c ci t sn chng trnh m ha d liu cho php ngi dng t thit lp h thng bo v cho ring mnh. Nhng tn tui ln nh Corsair, Kingston, Crucial, Sandisk u tng km min ph tin ch bo mt khi khch hng mua sn phm ca h trong khi nhng nh sn xut nh hn thng b qua chi tit ny. d. D liu b h hi: Hu ht nhng thit b lu tr thng tin u s dng mt vi chun giao din hot-plug kt ni vi nhng thit b in khc nhau m chng h tr. Hot-plug cho php cm vo hoc rt ra trong khi ang hot ng m khng s b hng hc hay li phn cng. USB l th d in hnh nht ca cng ngh ny, v cng quen thuc vi tt c mi ngi. Vn nm ch ngi dng thng quen vi vic lp hay tho b thit b nh m khng rng thao tc chuyn di d liu kt thc hay cha. Trn thc t, chng c cch no lm d liu trong thit b lu tr ln tng pho ln tt hn vic rt n ra khe cm khi tc v ang c thc hin. Khng ging nh hu ht cc chun a cng, b nh Flash c s dng ph bin trong nhiu thit b khc nhau. My quay k thut s, my nghe nhc, u DA , u DVD v hng lot nhng thit b in t khc u c th s dng nhng cng c lu tr ny. Tuy nhin tnh linh ng cng i km vi mt vi rc ri: - Mc d ton b cc loi b nh Flash v thit b tng thch u c nhiu c tnh chung v d nh s dng bng FAT ghi thng tin nhng cch thc hin v quy trnh thao tc i khi li c im khc bit. Nu bn thng xuyn di chuyn thit b nh ca mnh trn nhiu loi my c khc nhau, trc trc c nhiu kh nng s pht sinh. - H thng tp tin trn Window XP ca bn rt mnh, c trang b tt x l nhng rc ri trong vic c, ghi v xo d liu trn nhng th nh nh. Cn i vi chic my nh s 3 nm tui th sao ? Cu tr li l cha chc. Mc d n cho php thc hin nhng thao tc n gin v d nh ghi nh ln thit b lu tr, xem nh hin th v cng c th xo chng khi cn thit nhng chng c th s khng gii quyt tt vi nhng nh dng file khng h tr hay d liu c
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thm vo bng nhng thit b khc. e. Tui th v n mn: Nh cp trn, b nh flash cng c mt hn ch trong vic xo v ghi quay vng. Mt khi b nh NAND ch c th ghi v xo mt s ln hu hn trc khi hon ton mt kh nng ct gi thm d liu. i vi nhng thit b hin i, con s ny c th ln ti hng triu ln thao tc v tui th di hn c m bo bng thut ton tch hp s buc a ghi d liu u ln cc chip vi s ln trung bnh ngang nhau trnh mt khong nh no phi chu ti qu nhiu. y l phng thc kh gn gi vi cng ngh trnh Bad Sector trn a cng. Ngoi ra, mc d cc loi a USB v th nh thng dng c th s dng lin tc vi nm, tuy nhin nu bn thng xuyn truy xut chng v d nh chy ng dng hoc thm ch l h iu hnh th tui th s b rt ngn li ng k hoc thm ch l h hng. 3.Phc hi d liu b xo t Th nh Flash: Mt trong nhng li ch t vic s dng FAT cho thit b nh Flash l lm cho chng c kh nng tng thch vi nhiu chng trnh khi phc d liu c thit k truy tm nhng file tnh c b xo nhm. Phn nhiu nhng chng trnh ny h tr FAT 32 v 16 bi FAT 32 vn c chp nhn nh mt chun nh dng phn vng Windows thng thng. Nu bn v xo mt mt file quan trng trong thit b nh flash th cng khng phi qu lo lng. Cch tt nht tm li d liu b mt l s dng mt tin ch cho thao tc khng xo khi cng. y l mt tin ch n gin c th tm thy v truy lc d dng nhng file b xo t bt k thit b no h tr nh dng FAT. Mt trong nhng cng c tt nht l REST2514 (http://www.snapfiles.com/download/dlrestoration.html). Cng c n gin n kinh ngc ny s r qut bt k NTFS hay FAT32 no v tm li c danh sch nhng nhng file b xo t khi phc li c chng. Chng ta hy cng xem qua cch s dng: - Khi ng Restoration: - Chn bn mun qut trong Drives v n vo 'search by deleted files: Danh sch nhng file b xo s hin ra. khi phc 1 hoc nhiu file, highlight chng v n 'restore by copying' sau chn th mc n. Lu rng tn file m bn ang tm c th s bt u bng biu tng $, v y l biu tng c h iu hnh ni thm vo d liu khi n b xo.Cng xin lu rng khng nh PC inspector, qu trnh khi phc khng phn loi nhng file b xo bng folder, n n gin ch tt c vo trong mt danh sch n, iu ny s lm vic tm kim ca bn tr nn kh khn hn. Nu file bn cn khng c trong danh sch, th search li vi tu chn 'include used clusters by other files'. Vic ny s bao gm c nhng file hin ln trn danh sch trc . Ch l iu ny c th gip ch, c th khng v iu ny ng ngha vi chuyn file ca bn c th s b sa i sai lch i hoc khng th c c. 4. Khi phc d liu t thit b b nh dng li (Formatted): Nu bn format lu tr flash ca mnh v mun tm li ni dung trc , bn s phi cn ti nhng cng c mnh hn nhiu in hnh nh Test Disk min ph ca CG-Security. Mc d vic s dng khng n gin nhng hiu
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qu mang li rt ln. Bn thn TestDisk khng lm vic tt trn thit b b nh flash, nhng im tt l nhng phin bn chng trnh gn y i km vi mt cng c phn mm khi phc c tn gi PhotoRec.PhotoRec c thit k c bit phc hi nh v nhng file nh dng khc t thit b nh flash. - S dng CGSecurity PhotoREC + Bn cm vo my v m bo n c nhn din chnh xc. Ci thm phn mm h tr i km nu cn thit. + Download phin bn mi nht ca TestDisk t website ca CGSecurity ri gii nn ra mt th mc trn a cng. Sau bn m th mc con win ri click p vo biu tng PhotoREC chy chng trnh. - Tuy chng trnh khng c giao din ha cho ngi dng nh bn khng cn phi hoang mang v trn thc t PhotoREC c xem nh l mt cng c d s dng hn ngi anh TestDisk ca n, mt phn v c nhng tu chn hu hiu hn. Mn hnh chnh s hin th danh sch nhng gn vi h thng, bao gm c thit b nh ca bn. Phng php d dng nht xc nh di ng l nhn vo kch thc ca mi (da theo Megabyte) v dung lng di ng Flash thng kh nh b so vi a cng. Thng thng chng trnh s hin th danh sch nhng cng ln u tin. Tu thuc vo kiu d liu bn mun khi phc, bn c th s mun truy cp vo thc n File Options trc khi tip tc. PhotoREC s dng ty chn mt nh tm kim rt nhiu nh dng file nhng cc file BMP, MP3, EXE v TXT khng thuc s . Nu bn mun phc hi nhng file ny, m menu v cun xung pha di ti mi mc nhp, nhn spacebar kch hot chng. Sau , bn phi chn cn thit bt u qu trnh khi phc bng cch quay tr li menu chnh v la chn t danh sch cc . Chuyn ti tu chn Search v n ENTER bt u quy trnh tm kim cc file tht lc. Chng trnh s bt u tm ton b cc d liu thng tin c trn xc nh s c mt ca mt s du hiu nhn dng chun file. Tt c nhng tp tin tha mn yu cu s c chuyn vo mt th mc con trong th mc chnh ca PhotoREC. Th mc con ny c t l 'recup_dir.1'. Mi ln bn khi ng mt qu trnh khi phc mi, chng trnh s to mt th mc con mi l 'recup_dir.# vi # l s th t tng dn. Khi qu trnh kt thc, Bn tm ti th mc 'recup_dir.#' bng Explorer v kim tra bt c file khi phc no. PhotoREC s ln danh sch chng ch n gin nh l F1, F2, F3.....nhng nh dng file s hin th r rng. Click p m mi file, sau Rename v di chuyn nhng ci no bn mun gi li. 5. C gng phc hi d liu t mt hng (Corrupted Drive) Trong phn ny, t l thnh cng ca bn s ty thuc vo tnh hung hng hc ca thit b. Nu h thng file b hng do my nh s hoc mt s thit b khc thc thi nhng thao tc sai hoc c khng chnh xc th nh, PhotoRec s rt hu ch phc hi li d liu ca bn bng cch lp li nhng bc ni trn. Tuy nhin, nu kh nng hot ng ca thit b tr nn yu do nhng h hi t nhin hay hao mn do s dng bnh thng gy ra, kh nng khi phc li d liu cn phi ph thuc hon ton vo phn no trn b nh flash b hng. C mt u im ca b nh Flash l n khng cha cc thnh phn c hc
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chuyn ng nn s khng gy thm thit hi khi ngi dng c gng tm cch cu cha thng tin. PhotoRec ca SGSecurity l thch hp nht cho vic khi u mi c gng phc hi d liu, nhng nu tht bi c mt vi chng trnh khc bn c th th. Chng trnh Smart Recover ca PC Inspector (http://www.pcinspector.de/smart_medi...uk/welcome.htm ) l mt tin ch min ph vi giao din thn thip nhng n km linh ng so vi PhotoRec trong vic khi phc d liu. 6. S dng m ho bo v d liu: Nh cp, l do thng gp nht ca vic mt d liu trong thit b di ng Flash chnh l do ngi dng lm tht lc chnh thit b. Nhng mn chi cng nh b, t l kh nng mt cng cao. Khi vn xy ra, s tic nui d liu v ti sn phn cng ch l mt phn nh nu nh s d liu quan trng ri vo tay k xu ang mun gy nh hng khng tt ti cng vic ca bn. Nh vy iu cn quan tm y l mt phng php c th m bo rng k c khi bn b mt thit b ghi nh th nhng d liu lu trn s tr nn v dng i vi ngi khc ngoi ch s hu thc s. M ho file l cu tr li bn mong i. Hin nay c nhiu phn mm min ph hoc m ngun m cho php m ha file sn c, tuy nhin mt trong nhng chng trnh thng dng c yu thch nht l AxCrypt ca Axantum (http://axcrypt.sourceforge.net/). Chng trnh ny t thm ch mc ca n vo menu phm phi chut, cho php bn m ho file bng mt ci click p. Mt khu c s dng cho vic m ho cng nh gii m file c tch hp thng vo gi d liu m ha nn khi cn gii m, bn cng khng cn thit phi ci t AxCrypt m ch cn thc thi file m ha l c. Nu bn ang phi lo lng v nhng h hi xy ra vi d liu do v tnh, AxCrypt l mt bin php cu cha nhanh v d dng. n gin ch l copy nhng file vo thit b lu tr ca bn nh bnh thng, sau highlight tt c, click chut phi v m ho chng vi password m bn la chn m thi. Nhn chung, bt k th no th phng chm phng hn trnh vn l gii php ti u. Thay v mt mt v cung cung tm cch khc phc, hy tm nhng phng n an ton t trc nh s dng cc loi ti hay dy eo chuyn dng, m bo tnh to trc khi thao tc. Nghin cu k ti liu ca cc thit b c th trc khi tin hnh mt tc v i vi nhng thit b chu nhiu tc ng ca mi trng v d nh USB Flash, bn nn chn nhng loi c kh nng chu nc, chu la v chu va p. Mt s sn phm nh Flash Voyager ca Corsair thm ch cn chu c vi chc nht ba m khng h gp bt c trc trc no. Tt c chng s lm gim bt cho bn nhiu trc trc khng ng c. Chc bn may mn.
* Mi s c in n thng gp v cch x l
gip bn trnh nhng s c trong khi in n, bi vit ny s im qua mt s trng hp trc trc thng gp nht v hng khc phc chng. Hy vng qua bi vit ny, bn s s dng chic my in, mt trong nhng cng c
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khng th thiu trong cng vic thng ngy vn phng, mt cch hiu qu hn. 1/Khng c g xut hin khi bn c in Khng th in bt c ni dung g l s c in thng thng nht nhng cch khc phc thng cng n gin nht: Bn phi kim tra xem dy ngun ca my in c cm vo in, my in c bt v ni vi my tnh hay cha (!). 2/Cc l v cc ngt dng trn cc trang ca bn u khng thch hp Cc l ca bn qu rng hoc bn in trn giy c kch c khng chnh xc (rt hay gp nu bn nhn ti liu t mt ngi khc). Trong trng hp ny hy chn File/Page Setup, nhn tab Paper trong hp thoi Page Setup v sau xem trong mc Paper Size bit loi giy Word s dng in ti liu. Nu bn thy mc Paper Size l A4 210x297mm th y l mt tiu chun kch c giy ngoi. Nhp Cancel trong hp thoi Page Setup v thc hin cc bc sau y gii quyt vn ny : +. Chn Tools/Options m hp thoi Options. +. Chn tab Print. +. Chn hp kim Allow A4/Letter Paper Resizing nu n cha c chn v nhp OK. +. In ti liu ca bn 3. Bn gp s c trong vic in mt ti liu di m bn chia thnh cc phn Vic in cc ti liu c t chc thnh cc phn ring bit l iu rc ri, c bit nu mi phn c s nh s ring ca n (v d, cc trang trong phn th nht ca ti liu phn mc lc chng hn - khng c nh s). Vic bit trang no m bn ang xem v cc trang no in c th l iu kh khn. Thanh Status cho bn bit rng bn ang trang 8 nhng tiu trn trang 8 li cho thy rng bn ang trang 5 (trang th 5 trong phn hai). V th, nu mt ti liu c t chc thnh cc phn c cch nh s trang khc nhau, hy in ln lt tng phn mt. 4. Cc Fonts c din mo khng thch hp Trc tin, bn hy xem ti liu t ca s Print Layout bn c th thy cc font hin th nh th no. Nu chng khng hin th ng th c th ti liu ca bn cha cc font m my in ca bn khng h tr. Hy thay th cc font ny bng cc font TrueType. Nhng font ny c cc mu t TT k bn tn ca chng trn menu Font, c c im l hin th ging nhau khi c xem trn mn hnh v khi c in ra giy. 5. Hnh nh khng c in ra My tnh ca bn c th thiu b nh. Th tt my, khi ng li my tnh v in li. Nu nh vy vn khng c g, hy kim tra nhng kh nng di y : + Chn File/Print v nhp nt Options trong hp thoi Print. Trong hp thoi Print th hai, hy m bo hp kim Drawing Object c chn. + Cng trong hp thoi Print th hai, hy nh du vo hp kim Draft Output yu cu Word in cc ti liu vi t nh dng hn. Ty chn ny dng lm
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vic vi cc ti liu trong giai on sa bn in. 6. Mt trang trng c in ti cui ti liu Trang trng c in ra bi v bn li mt vi on trng cui ti liu. Nhn CTRL+ END i n cui ti liu, nhp nt Show/Hide xem cc k hiu nh dng on cui vn bn v xo cc k hiu ny. 7. Header v Footer xut hin khng chnh xc Nu header v footer ca bn khng nm va trn trang, khng c ch trng trong l dnh cho header hay footer hoc chng nm trong phn khng in ra ca trang. to nhiu ch trng hn cho cc header v footer, hy chn File/Page Setup, chn tab Margin trong hp thoi Page Setup v phng to l trn v l di. i n tab Layout v tng khong cch From Edge header v foooter khng b y vo phn khng in ca trang. 8. Word khng cho bn chn lnh File -> Print Nu lnh File/Print m i trn my tnh ca bn v bn khng th chn lnh ny l do my tnh ca bn khng bit rng n c lin kt vi mt my in. Hy ci t li my in. 9. Bn khng th in cc ng vin trang Hu ht cc my in khng th in text hay hnh nh nm qu gn mp ca trang. Theo mc nh, cc ng vin nm gn mp ca trang, y l l do ti sao my in ca bn khng th x l chng. Hy thc hin cc bc sau y gii quyt s c ny : +. Chn Format/Borders and Shading. Hp thoi Borders and Shading xut hin +. Chn tab Page Boder +. Nhp nt Options m hp thoi Borders and Shading Options. +. Bn di Margin, nhp cc kch c (tnh theo im nh) ln hn vo cc hp Top, Bottom, Left v Right di chuyn cc ng vin hi ra xa khi mp ca trang. +. Nhp OK hai ln. 10. My in ca bn in qu chm Tc in ph thuc vo tc x l cc yu cu in ti liu. In ch nn ngha l Word c th in cc tp trong khi bn thc hin nhng tc v khc - nh dng mt ti liu hay nhp vn bn chng hn. Bng cch tt ch in nn, bn yu cu Word dnh tt c ngun ti nguyn ca n vo tc v in v kt qu cc ti liu s c in nhanh hn. Tuy nhin, im bt li l bn khng th thc hin cng vic no c trn ti liu khi n ang c in ra. Thc hin cc bc sau nu bn mun tt c ch in trong nn - Chn Tools/Options. - Chn tab Print trong hp thoi Options. - Hy chn hp kim Background Printing v nhp OK. Mt s li khuyn khi s dng my in phc v cho vic in n - Bn nn chn mua chng loi giy in theo ng yu cu ca sch hng dn i km, khng nn mua nhng giy in km cht lng (nh qu mng chng hn) v giy cht lng km d b kt trong khi in. Khng nn giy in trong mi trng m t v nh vy khi in c th s c cc m mc trn giy. - Lun cp nht trnh iu khin (driver) cho my in t website ca nh sn xut
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
ci thin hot ng ca my in nh sa li cc s c in n trong my v c thm nhiu tnh nng mi. - Lun dnh thi gian v sinh my in hng tun, khng bi bn bm vo my in hay giy vn st li trong my v n s dn n hin tng kt giy v nht l bn phi gi cho u in (printhead) lun c sch.
* T bo tr my vi tnh
Trong qu trnh s dng my vi tnh, bn nn b ra mt cht thi gian chm sc n. Mt s thao tc n gin c th gip my chy nhanh v m hn, cng nh c th phng trnh nhng h hng Nhng vic nn lm thng xuyn l:- Lau chi v tra du cho qut: Trong cc thit b ca my vi tnh th qut d b ng bi v gy ting n nht. lau chi, trc tin bn phi tho qut ra, sau dng mt chi lng mm qut sch bi xung quanh v trn cnh qut. Ch , bn khng nn dng kh nn thi bi trn cc cnh qut, v tc thi ca kh nn c th lm cnh qut quay qu tc gii hn v lm hng qut. tra du cho qut th trc tin bn dng vt hay vt nhn no tho np nha y trn qut (c mt s qut khng c np ny), tip theo g ming bo v ra, sau nh duy nht mt git du vo l chnh gia ca qut, ri y kn li l xong. - Lm sch cc b phn bn trong: Cng vic ny nn lm t nht hai ln mi nm. u tin, bn m thng my ra v dng kh nn thi vo cc gc khut ca my trc, sau bn mi thi ti cc phn cn li, nu khng c dng c thi kh nn th bn c th dng chi lng mm lau chi cng c, sau ly qut gi thng thi sch bi cn bm vo my. Bn cng cn lm sch b phn tn nhit ca CPU v cc b tn nhit khc. Tho qut CPU ra, sau ly kh nn hay chi lng lm sch cc cnh tn nhit, gip CPU gii nhit tt hn. - t my v tr thong mt: t my vi tnh cao hn mt t t nht 30 cm v xa tng khong cch tng t. Ch khng nn t my gc tng v trong phng kn v n c th lm khng kh trong phng nng ln v gy nng my! Bn cng nn trnh ch, mo n gn my v lng ca n c th bay vo my tnh, qut, bn phm... - Thng xuyn kim tra h iu hnh: Tt nht l nn nng cp n ln phin bn mi nht, cng nh ti cc bn update v cc l hng. - Chy Defragment cho cng: Thc hin thao tc ny t nht mt ln mi thng nhm sp xp li cc d liu trn cng, gip my chy nhanh hn. chy Defragment th bn vo phn: Start\programs\accessories\system tools\disk defragmenter.
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
- Loi b cc chng trnh chy ch Startup: Qu nhiu chng trnh ch Startup s lm my vi tnh ca bn chy chm trong qu trnh khi ng. b bt c hai cch: 1- B du chn chy ch Startup ngay trn chnh chng trnh (nu c); 2- Vo Start/Run, g lnh l msconfig, tip theo nhn OK. Trong phn ny bn nhp vo Tab Startup, tip theo b du chn cc chng trnh cn b v nhn OK l xong. - Chy Disk Cleanup: Nn thc hin thng xuyn nhm loi b bt cc file khng cn thit tng dung lng trng ca cng, gip my tnh chy nhanh hn. chy n bn vo: Start\programs\accessories\system tools\disk cleanup. - Tm v loi b Spyware: C th dng chng trnh nh Spybot Search & Destroy loi b. - Qut virus: Nn lm thng xuyn vi mt s chng trnh nh Norton Antivirus, Mc Afee, Bkav, D32... ng thi lun lun cp nht cc phin bn dit virus mi nht.
* Ti u hnh nh cho mn hnh LCD

Phi dnh phn ln thi gian ca mnh lm vic trn my tnh, bn cm thy qu mt mi, v khng thoi mi khi lm vic vi mn hnh CRT c k. S hu mn hnh LCD cho cng vic ca mnh khng phi l yu cu qu cao bi gi c v chng loi mn hnh LCD rt a dng, phong ph, ph hp vi mi yu cu ca ngi s dng. Tuy nhin, hiu chnh mn hnh LCD sao cho thch hp, ti u nht th li hon ton khc bit so vi mn hnh CRT, mc d nhng thit lp cu hnh cng khng c nhiu khc bit lm so vi CRT. Bi vit ny s gip bn c ti u hnh nh, t cht lng tt nht vi mn hnh LCD. Ci t driver cho card ho mi nht Trc ht, t cht lng hnh nh tt nht nh mong mun, mt phn rt ln cn ph thuc vo card ho v chipset ca my tnh. Hy m bo chc chn bn cp nht trnh iu khin (driver) cho card mn hnh mi nht, l cch n gin v nhanh nht ti u cht lng hnh nh. nng cp, hy ti driver mi nht v t trang ch ca nh sn xut v thc thi file ci t (.exe). Trong mt s trng hp, bn cn phi thc hin ci t bng tay. Trong Windows XP, nhn chut phi vo My Computer, chn Properties, v chn Hardware, Device Manager, v nhn p vo mc "Display adapters". Tip theo, la chn Update Driver trong th Driver. Lu : Mt s trnh iu khin yu cu khi ng li PC. Bn cng khng nn ti cc bn beta ca nhng trnh iu khin ny. Chng ang c th nghim v rt c th gy ra nhng li khng mong mun. c vn bn r nt hn vi ClearType Windows XP h tr cng ngh ClearType cho php lm phng ch hin th trn tru v r nt hn i vi cc vn bn trn mn hnh LCD. s dng cng ngh ny, hy nhn Appearance -> Display Properties -> chn Effects, v
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
nh du vo la chn Use the following method to smooth screen fonts, nhn vo ClearType t menu xung. Nhn OK hon thnh. Cp nht DirectX mi nht DirectX l mt cng ngh ca Windows nhm nng cao kh nng ho v m thanh. Hy cp nht phin bn DirectX mi nht ( DirectX 9.0c). Bn c th download d dng phin bn DirectX mi nht ti trang ch ca Microsoft. bit mnh ang s dng phin bn DirectX no, hy nhn Start->Run, v g dxdiag v nhn Enter. Tip theo nhn vo tab System xem phin bn bn ang dng. phn gii mn hnh Trong mn hnh CRT, phn gii mn hnh l nhng con s dots, pixel, biu th hnh nh trn mn hnh. Bn c th tng phn gii ln cao hn, hoc chnh xung thp tu theo mnh m khng lm nh hng ti cht lng hnh nh. Tuy nhin, iu ny li hon ton khng ng vi LCD. Mn hnh LCD s hin th p nht v em li cht lng cao nht ch vi mt phn gii chun. Hu ht cc mn hnh LCD 15" u c phn gii chun 1024x768, trong khi , nhng mn hnh 17" hoc 19" cho phn gii ti u l 1280x1024. Khi iu chnh phn gii chun ny s lm gim cht lng hnh nh, kch thc nh thay i, hoc dn ti mo nh, mt pixel... Tuy nhin, c mt ngoi l l khi tng hay gim phn gii ch bng mt na phn gii chun th cht lng hnh nh vn kh tt. Chng hn, phn gii nguyn thu l 1600x1200 l khi gim xung 800x600 th cht lng hnh nh t cht lng tt v khng b mo. Cht lng mu Mn hnh cng hin th c nhiu mu th trung thc ca hnh nh cng cao. Hu ht PC u yu cu h tr thit lp mu cao nht, thng l ch 32 bit mu. Nhng nu ang s dng ho tch hp th iu ny c th lm gim hiu nng my tnh, hy gim lng mu xung cn 24 bit hoc 16 bit tng tc cho h thng. Tn s lm ti (Refresh rate) v thi gian p ng (response time) Mn hnh CRT thng b nhp nhy, gy mi mt v kh chu cho ngi s dng, nguyn nhn c th l do t tn s lm ti qu thp. Li khuyn hu ch cho ngi s dng l nn t phn gii m mn hnh h tr tn s lm ti ti thiu mc 72 Hz trnh mi mt. Tuy nhin, vi mn hnh LCD, mn hnh b nhp nhy khng phi l vn bi thit b ny khng lm ti ton b mn hnh m ch thay i im nh. Tn s lm ti ch 40 Hz cho ti 60 Hz i vi mn hnh LCD cng tt. Mt vn cn khc cn phi ch i vi ngi s dng mn hnh LCD m c bit l cc game th li l thi gian p ng ca mn hnh. Tn s p ng l khong thi gian cn thit mt im nh cn phi c chuyn t en sang trng v li chuyn sang en. Nhng mn hnh LCD c thng c thi gian p ng chm hn 20 ms nhng gn y nhng mn hnh LCD mi c thi gian p ng nhanh hn rt nhiu, mn hnh cao cp c thi gian p ng l 12 ms hoc thp
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
hn. Tinh chnh bng cc nt iu khin Khi s dng mn hnh LCD hoc CRT, ng ngi m mm cc nt iu chnh ca n. Nhng thit lp thch hp c th em li hnh nh sc nt v tuyt vi hn rt nhiu so vi thit lp sn t nh sn xut. Mn hnh LCD thng d dng iu chnh hn nhiu so vi CRT. Rt him khi bn phi iu chnh mn nh sang bn tri, bn phi, i ln hay xung di... ging nh CRT. Mc d vy, mn hnh LCD cng h tr nt bm hoc thit lp t iu chnh v tr ca mn nh. Cui cng, mn hnh LCD thng yu cu t tinh chnh mu sc hay tng phn khi la chn phn gii chun. sng v tng phn Thit lp sng qun l cng sng ca mn hnh. Mn hnh LCD thng sng hn mn hnh CRT, v vy tng sng c th l khng cn thit v em li kt qu khng mong mun. iu chnh tng phn s dng biu mu xm nh cc chng trnh nh DisplayMate em li kh nng th hin mu xm tt nht. Mn hnh LCD thng gy mt nhng chi tit ti cui di mu ny. Sc thi v m ca mu C hai loi ngun sng khc nhau l loi ngun sng trng-xanh lnh v ngun sng trng- nng. Hu ht cc mn hnh u a ra t nht 3 la chn v sc thi hoc m ca mu da theo ngun sng v tr t mn hnh. Nhng thit lp ny c t nhn l Mode1 , Mode 2, Mode 3 tng ng vi Cao, Trung bnh v Thp. Ngoi ra, cc nh sn xut thng t m ca mu sc da theo Kelvin(K). Thng thng thit lp chun l 9300K hoc trung tnh vi 6500K v sc thi hi vi 5000K. Rt nhiu loi LCD cho php ngi s dng tinh chnh mu sc bng cch cn bng 3 mu c bn , xanh da tri, v xanh l cy. Chun on bnh cho LCD Mn hnh LCD thng d duy tr v bo dng hn mn hnh CRT. Tuy vy, trc khi mua sm v s dng bn cn ch ti nhng 2 "cn bnh" kh ph bin ca LCD: Mn hnh trng Nu n ngun vn sng m li khng hin th hnh nh, hy kim tra kt ni gia mn hnh LCD v PC kim tra chc chn rng mn hnh vn nhn c tn hiu video. Nu cp tn hiu video vn c cm c hai u, hy th kt ni mn hnh khc vo PC m bo rng cp hoc card ho vn hot ng tt. Nu mn hnh th hai hin th tt, rt c th mn nh ca LCD b hng. Nu mn hnh LCD vn cn thi gian ang bo hnh hy em ra trung tm bo hnh. im cht trn mn hnh LCD Hu ht cc nh sn xut mn hnh LCD u khng th cam oan rng khng c nhng im cht trong cc sn phm ca h. Nhng im cht ny thng gy kh chu cho ngi s dng nhng s im nh cht cho php ca mi mn hnh l t 3 cho n 10 im cht. Chnh v vy, kh nng i mn hnh mi khi c im cht l rt kh khn. Do , trc khi mua mn hnh LCD, bn hy bt
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
mn hnh ln v quan st tht k xem c im cht no khng trc khi mua hng.
* G b Windows XP SP 2 mt cch an ton

Phin bn windows XP SP2 va tung ra th li b li bo mt. V li c qu nhiu chng trnh xung t khng chy sau khi updates. Nhng l do trn c th cho bn li khuyn l g b XP SP2. Bi vit ny gip bn mt s cch c th g b Windows XP SP2 mt cch nhanh chng v sun s nht. Cch 1 : S dng Recovery Console u tin bn dng CD ci t WinXP boot t CD. Khi gp mn hnh thng bo ci t, bn nhn R start Recovery Console. Tip tc bn chn cu hi. Lu bn phi chn mt s c th trc khi nhn phm enter. V d 1:C:\windows Sau bn in vo password ca admin. iu ny cc bn thng b qua khng thit lp. Tuy nhin nu khng bit, th bn c enter. ng c nh, nu bn g sai bn s khng th tip tc. Tip theo ti du nhc bn g cd $ntservicepackuninstall$\spuninst. Nhn Enter. Tip theo bn g tip spuninst.txt ( xem nhng danh sch nhng file ang thc thi). Sau khi qu trnh remove hon tt, bn g exit l restart li my tnh ch safe mode ( nhn F8 v chn ch safe mode ). Tuy nhin nu thy mn hnh en th bn nn tt ngun v restart li ln na. Khi bn s vo h thng c. Sau khi my tnh khi ng li, windows Explorer (explorer.exe) s khng hot ng, cc icon u bin mt, thay vo l nhng icon l hoc khng hnh dng. gii quyt trng hp trn, bn lm nh sau. Nhn CTRL + ALT + DEL vo TASK MANAGER. Chn vo File > New Task, g regedit. Sau tm n t kha HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\RpcSs To mi mt key mi l ObjectName vi gi tr l LocalSystem. Nhn Ok hon tt. Khi ng li my tnh. Cch 2: S dng System restore. thc hin bn nhn WIN + R m hp thoi Run. Sau g vo %SystemRoot%\System32\restore\rstrui.exe. Nhn OK. Hp thoi System Restore xut hin. Bn chn Restore My Computer To An Earlier Time. Nhn Next. Chn thi im bn updates XP SP2. Nhn Next v lm theo hng dn trn mn hnh hon tt qu trnh g b XP SP2. Restart li my tnh. Cch 3: S dng cng c Add or remove programs trong Control Panel Nhn Win + R. Hp thoi run hin th ,bn g vo appwiz.cpl. Nhn OK vo Add remove Programs (bn cng c th vo danh sch chng trnh ci t, khi bn s gp ngay Windows XP Service Pack 2 trong Program list. Nhn Remove g b ra khi h thng). Mt vi lu khi thit lp Cch 3 n gin nht, tuy nhin nu ch trnh by cch 3 mt cch ring l th bn s gp trng hp nh cch 1 l cc icon khng hin th. Do vy cch gii quyt trnh by cch 1 .
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
Cch 1 ch p dng sau khi bc 2 v bc 3 tht bi. Trong trng hp cch 1 vn l hiu qu nht v gom li c ba cch l c chung mt gii php l ng ti regedit. Do bn nn sao lu trc khi thit lp Theo kinh nghim th hon ton khng c vic g xy ra khi g b SP2. Ngoi tr icon khng hin th v cch gii quyt u cho kt qu tt p.
* B cng c chn on li cng

Mi hng sn xut cng hin nay a phn u pht trin thm cc b cng c, tin ch dng chn on, bo dng v sa cha cc li vt l trn cng ca mnh. phn I, bi vit tng hp cc cng c, tin ch hay lin kt v cng ca Fujitsu, Hitachi (IBM). Trc khi s dng nhng b cng c, tin ch ny, bn phi chc rng bn ang s dng a cng ca hng v cng nhng tnh nng, model khc nh (IDE, SCSI ) cc tin ch hot ng ng chc nng hn. Fujitsu FJDT (Fujitsu ATA Diagnostic Tool) FJDT l cng c phn tch gip ngi dng xc nh nhanh chng cng EIDE c vn hnh ng hay khng. FJDT c th phn tch nhng li ng nghi ca a bng cch kim tra d liu thng qua S.M.A.R.T. v song song , FJDT cng d xt trn b mt ca a, tng sector xc nh nhng nhm mi trng vi nhau. FJDT 6.20 c th chy trn a boot MSDOS x l khi h iu hnh khng th khi ng. SDIAG (SCSI Diagnostic Tool) SDIAG l mt cng c n gin v ng tin cy c pht trin bi Fujitsu dng phn tch cc a cng SCSI Fujitsu. Mt lng ln cc a c gi tr v nh sn xut nhng vi trng thi tht s sau khi c phn tch l No Trouble Found (Khng c trc trc). c th l nhng trng hp li h thng hoc h iu hnh nhng cng lun lun b trch nhim. SDIAG c th hot ng m khng cn phi di chuyn cng ra khi h thng nn tit kim c tin bc v thi gian cho ngi dng. Ty chn kim tra: Quick: kim tra S.M.A.R.T thng tin v khuyt im ca b mt. Standard: kim tra S.M.A.R.T b mt, ngu nhin vi c/Ghi v Tm kim. Extended: thc hin vic Hot ng hay Ngng ca vic kim tra, xc nh li, c/ghi. Vi ty chn destructive testing ch hot ng nu d liu c lu tr trn cng. SDIAG 2.0 va c Fujitsu cp nht, hoat ng vi h iu hnh Windows 2000 tr ln. Hitachi (IBM) Drive Fitness Test Phin bn hin ti l Drive Fitness Test 4.0, DFT gip ngi dng kim tra nhanh chng cc cng SCSI v IDE v bao gm c Serial-ATA IDE. DFT c
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
chc nng thc thi kim tra m khng chp ln d liu ca ngi dng. Tuy nhin, DFT c km mt vi tnh nng khi phc m c th chp d liu. phin bn 4.0 ny, DFT cng h tr thm cho cho cc model chipset mi ca ThinkPad v c nhiu ci tin hn. Ban c th ti v cc phn ca DFT bn di to a khi ng cho Windows hay Linux, nhng bn phi khi ng h thng ca bn vi a khi ng t DOS chy DFT v DFT cng ch h tr nhng chip x86: OGTDT (OGT Diagnostic Tool) OGTDT l cng c phn tch li cho cc dng sn phm Ultrastar 10K300, Ultrastar 15K73 v DK32XX v nh sn xut cng khuyn co cc i l hoc ngi dng ch nn dng OGTDT cho 3 dng sn phm trn thay v dng Drive Fitness Test. Hot ng trn h iu hnh (HH) Windows, OGTDT gip ngi dng thc hin phn tch, kim tra li cho cng. OGT Diagnostic Tool 7.01 yu cu ASPI driver nn bn c th ti v phin bn mi nht ca ASPI driver ti y. B cng c chn on li cng (Phn II) Maxtor l nhn hiu nh sn xut cng c a chung Vit Nam, vi nhiu dng sn phm a cng, Maxtor cng tung ra nhiu b cng c h tr cho ngi dng. phn II, ban se lam quen vi cc cng c, tin ch ca cng Maxtor va Quantum. A. MaxBlast 3 MaxBlast 3 l tin ch n gin gip ci t cc cng dng ATA/IDE. MaxBlast 3 to ci t v nng cp d dng cho ngi dng khng hiu bit hay chuyn nghip theo cng mt cch nh nhau l t ng nhn bit, phn vng v format bt k cng Maxtor ATA no. MaxBlast 3 gip bn chun b mi th ch trong vi pht. Phin bn MaxBlast 3 thay th cho tt c cc phin bn trc nh MaxBlast hay MaxPlast Plus. MaxBlast 3.6 chy trn hu ht cc phin bn ca HH Windows nh Windows 95, 98, Me, NT, 2000, Windows XP Home Professional, h tr c 2 nh dng l FAT v NTFS, c kh nng x l n 4 thit b ATA trn cng mt h thng. Giao din thn thin v h tr c in n. s dng MaxBlast 3.6 th bn phi c t nht mt cng Maxtor ATA c lp t. Ngoi ra, MaxBlast 3 cng c mt phin bn cho HH Windows l MaxBlast 3 for Windows. Phin bn ny ngoi chc nng k trn h tr cho bt k cng IDE no, MaxBlast 3 for Windows cn c s dng trn h thng ci t HH Windows copy tt c d liu sang mt cng mi s dng nh mt a khi ng hoc cho vic lu tr. B. PowerMax PowerMax l tin ch c thit k phn tch cho vic c/ghi ca cc a cng Maxtor v Quantum. Nhng phn kim tra ny s quyt nh trng thi ca a cng. Tin ch PowerMax c th s dng vi tt c nhng cng ATA (IDE) vi dung lng ln hn hoc bng 500MB. Maxtor khuyn co
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
ngi dung thng xuyn s dng PowerMax pht hin nhng h hng tim tng ca a cng.. C. SCSIMax SCSIMax gip ngi dng phn tch tt c cc a cng SCSI ca Maxtor / Quantum vi cc chc nng nh theo di (Self-Monitoring), phn tch v bo co. Vic kim tra ny s gip bn bit v tnh trng ca cng trong thi gian ngn vi mc chnh xc cao. Nu vic kim tra hon tt m khng c li, th vn tr c trc s nm cc linh kin cn li trong h thng. Kim tra li cp SCSI, u cm v h iu hnh. Maxtor cng khuyn co ngi dng kim tra hng hc ca a cng vi SCSIMax khng ch b mt vt l nh h hng cluster, sector, cc phn vng hoc nh dng a m cn s nhn din cng (trng hp h iu hnh khng nhn din c cng). SCSIMax s dng b iu khin SCSI ASPI gi tp lnh Int13 n cng. SCSIMax khng phi l tin ch ph hy d liu, nhng nh sn xut cng khuyn co nn sao lu li tt c d liu trc khi s dng. Ch : SCSIMax khng s dng c cho cc h thng my tnh Apple v b iu khin SCSI Ultra320. Tin ch ny cng khng hot ng trn my tnh bn s dng HH Windows. B cng c chn on li cng (Phn III) phn II, cc bn c tm hiu v cc b cng c, tin ch dnh cho cc cng ca Maxtor, vi phn III, ta s tip tc vi 2 hng sn xut cng khc l Samsung v Seagate. A. Samsung 1. SSDM (Samsung Disk Manager) SSDM 10.42 l tin ch gip x l vic gii hn dung lng cho cc BIOS i c gii hn dung lng v vic nhn din a cng c dung lng ln. 2. HUTIL (Diagnostic Utility for New Drives) Hutil (Drive Diagnostic Utility) c to ra vi mc ch kim tra ca a cng ca SamSung trong khi c ci t vo trong mt PC, bt k trang thi ca h iu hnh m ngi dng ang s dng. Trong qu trnh s dng cng, nh sn xut khuyn co ngi dng nn kim tra a cng ca mnh vi Hutil thay v thay i mt cng mi nhng khng bng. Nh sn xut cng khuyn co bn nn sao lu li d liu trc khi s dng Hutil v Hutil l tin ch vi tnh nng chp v c th xa d liu c ca bn. Hutil cng ch h tr cho nhng dng cng nht nh ca SamSung, nn nu dng cng ca bn khng c h tr th c th s dng SHDIAG. 3. SHDIAG (Diagnostic for Old Drives) Tin ch ny thng c s dng kim tra cc cng Samsung b nghi ng h hng. Nh sn xut cng khuyn co bn nn sao lu li ton b d liu trc khi s dng SHDIAG v ch hot ng trn mi trng DOS. 4. SUTIL (Utility for Old Drives) Tin ch SUTIL ny khng c s dng ba bi v n c cng dng gip ngi dng xa nhng cng ca mnh v cu hnh li mode DMA cho nhng cng
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
. Nh sn xut khuyn co ngi dng nn sao lu li d liu trc khi s dng, B. Seagate 1. SeaTools Desktop Edition SeaTools Desktop Edition l tin ch m khng th tm thy c u khc c thit k bi Seagate cho cc h hng, trc trc i vi cc a cng Seagate. Khng ging nh cc tin ch ca cc hang khc, SeaTools Desktop Edition hot ng tt vi hu ht cc cng ATA, SATA v SCSI trong cc h thng my tnh bn vi chnh xc ln n 98%. SeaTools Desktop Edition bao gm 5 th ting, phin bn hin ti l: English, German, Spanish, Chinese, French . Bn c th ti y cho c floppy disk 2. SeaTools Enterprise Edition SeaTools Enterprise Edition cng nh SeaTools Desktop Edition nhng vi nhng chc nng u vit hn v dnh cho vic x l i vi cc cng SCSI hay Fibre Channel trong server v workstation. SeaTools Enterprise Edition c th kim tra, x l nhiu cng cng 1 lc v lin tc. Phin bn cha c th nghim vi cng ATA v SATA. B cng c chn on li cng (Phn cui) Trong phn cui cac ban s lam quen cc cng c tin ch ca Western Digital. Khng ch l nhng tin ch, m cn nhng phn tr gip t nh sn xut cho ngi dng vi cc sn phm Card Reader, Controller Card, Combo/USB/Firewire 1. Data Lifeguard (dnh cho cc cng dung lng trn 137GB) Data Lifeguard v11 bao gm c 2 phin bn: dnh cho DOS v Windows c thit k ci t cho cc cng EIDE ca Western Digital. Nu my tnh ca bn ci t cng vi h iu hnh Windows 98 hay cao hn th bn nn s dng phin bn Data LifeGuard dnh cho Windows c hiu xu ??t cao hn. Phin bn dnh cho DOS ch s dng khi bn lp t mi my tnh ca bn m cha ci t h iu hnh. 2. DLG Diagnostic DLG Diagnostic cho php bn kim tra li cng, in ra kt qu, sa li nu c. s dng tin ch ny, bn ti v. Sau khi ti v, bn ch cn thc thi tp tin DLGDiagv504c.exe v tin ch s hng dn bn to a boot kim tra cho mnh. DLG Diagnostic 5.04c hot ng trn hu ht phin bn HH Windows 98, 98SE, ME, 2000, XP. 3. DLGDIAG cho Windows Data LifeGuard Diagnostic for Windows 1.02, y l phin bn dnh cho Windows ca Data LifeGuard. Tin ch c th gip xc nh cng, phn tch, sa li trn mt cng Western Digital FireWire, EIDE, hay USB. Ngoi ra, tin ch cn c th cung cp cho bn s serial v model ca a cho bn. Ngoi nhng cng c tin ch cho cng, Western Digital cng c mt vi b cng c, h tr cho cc Card Reader, Controller Card .
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
* Quy trnh bo dng PC

'Bn chm sc tt PC th n s c x tt li bn' ch l mt cch ni hnh tng p, nhng thc t xy ra ng nh th: 'Chm sc tt PC, my s khng b s c, khng lm mt d liu ca bn, v khng khin bn phi... mt vic'. Thc hin ng cc bc sau trnh cc trc trc cho PC, trc khi chng gy rc ri cho bn. Hai k th sinh t i vi PC l nng v m. Nhit qu cao s y nhanh tc h hng i vi nhng mch in tinh vi trong h thng. Nguyn nhn ph bin nht ca tnh trng qu nhit l bi v cht bn. Ch thot khng kh v qut CPU b kt s khng th thi kh nng ra khi hp my c. Ch cn mt lp ph mng bi v bn cng c th lm cho nhit ca cc linh kin trong my tng ln. Mi cht gy bn, c bit l cn khi thuc l, u c th n mn cc tip xc kim loi h. l l do ti sao phi gi sch h thng my ca bn, c trong ln ngoi. Nu PC c t trong mt mi trng tng i sch v c kim sot th mi nm lm v sinh mt ln l . Nhng hu ht ch t my thc t, nh vn phng hay ca hng bi bm, PC ca bn phi c lm v sinh vi thng mt ln. Tt c dng c cn dng ch l vi chic khn lau sch khng c lng t, mt bnh xt kh nn nh, t git dung dch ty ra nh ha trong mt bt nc, v mt vng tay kh tnh in bo v cho h thng khi bn dn v sinh bn trong hp my. Kim tra bn ngoi hp my Bn th thut ko di tui th PC 1. t PC trong mi trng khng thuc l. Khi thuc l c th lm hng cc tip xc v cc mch in t tinh vi. 2. cho PC chy. Bt in PC t trng thi ngui l mt trong nhng ng tc gy 'stress' nht cho nhng linh kin trong h thng. Nu khng mun PC chy sut, bn dng thit lp Power Management ca Windows a my vo ch Hibernate (ng ng) thay v tt my hon ton. Trong Windows XP, bn nhn phi desktop v chn Properties. Nhn nhn Screen Saver v chn nt Power. Chn nhn Hibernate bo m ch ng ng c kch hot, v sau chn thi gian di mc 'System hibernates' bn di nhn Power Schemes (Lu l ty chn ny khng phi bt k PC no cng c). Cc my tnh dng nhng phin bn Windows c hoc c hoc khng c nhng tnh nng qun l in tng t. Bn xem bn di biu tng Power Management (Power Options trong Windows 2000) xem xt kh nng PC ca mnh. 3. Tt mn hnh. Cch tt nht ko di tui th mn hnh l tt mn hnh khi khng dng n 4. Trnh gy sc PC. Bt k khi no di chuyn h thng, k c khi ch ngang qua mt bn, bn phi bo m tt in v rt phch cm in.
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
Trc khi bt u dn v sinh, bn kim tra xung quanh PC xem c vt g gn c th lm tng nhit PC hay khng (nh nh nng chiu qua ca s). ng thi dn sch tt c mi th c th ri bi hoc gy bn, nh k sch hay cc chu cy cnh chng hn. Lun nh tt my v rt phch cm in trc khi lm v sinh bt k b phn no ca PC. Khng c bi bt k cht lng no trc tip ln cc b phn my. Dng khn khng c lng lau PC. Dn v sinh hp my: Lau hp my v dn sch cc ch thot khng kh. Kh nn dng cho cng vic ny rt ph hp, nhng nh khng thi bi vo bn trong PC hoc vo cc a mm v a quang. Gi cc dy cp lun gn cht vo cc u ni trn hp my. Bo tr chut c hc: Khi chut khng phi loi quang hc b bn, con tr s di chuyn tht thng. Tho vt hnh xuyn y chut v nhc hn bi ra ngoi. Sau co sch cht bn bm trn hai con ln plastic c t vung gc bn trong hc cha bi. Gi bn phm lun sch: Lt sp bn phm v lc mnh lm ri ht cc rc bn kt gia hai phm. Nu khng hiu qu, phi thi n (tng hi ngn) bng kh nn. Nu cc phm b dnh hoc bn phm qu bn, bn cy phm ra d lau sch. Cc ca hng my tnh c bn dng c c bit dng tho phm, nhng bn cng c th cy chng ra bng cch dng hai chic bt ch cp hai bn nh mt ci nhp nh ru ln (sau khi lt bng vi mm). Lm cho mn hnh sng bng: Khi lau v hp mn hnh v thng cc khe thng gi khng bi ri vo bn trong my. Lau mt mn hnh bng dung dch lau knh c bit thm vo khn vi khng c lng t. Nu mn hnh c nt kh t (c ghi biu tng l mt nam chm nh), bn n n kh t tnh b nhim. Nhiu mn LCD c th lau bng cn. Lau mn hnh LCD phi nh nhng: lp knh ca n bn di rt d v. Kim tra thit b bo v ngun in: cm li in cho thit b chng t bin in. Kim tra n bo nguy him ca thit b. Nu thit b chng t bin in khng c n bo nguy him m vng ca bn thng xuyn b xung qu p, bn phi thay ngay bng loi c n bo v c chng nhn UL 1449. Lau sch a CD v DVD: Lau nh nhng tng a bng khn vi m v mm. Lau theo hng thng t tm ra ngoi, khng lau cho vng trn quanh tm a. Bn trong hp my Trc khi tho hp my, bn nh tt in v rt phch cm ra khi in cho PC. Tip t thn th mnh trc khi chm vo bt k ci g bn trong my trnh lm hng cc mch in do in tch tnh in. Nu khng tip t thn th bng vng eo tay, bn c th t tip t mnh bng cch chm tay vo cc vt dng trong nh nh ng nc kim loi hoc cc dng c in c ni t nh t lnh, my git, l nng v.v... Kim tra li bo m rt phch cm in cho PC trc khi m hp my. Dng khn kh tnh in lau sch bi bn trong hp my. Trnh chm tay vo b mt cc bo mch. Ht sc ch n b phn qut ngun in, hp my cng nh CPU nu PC ca bn c trang b. Thi sch bi b phn ny bng lung kh nn; nhng trnh thi bi t ch ny sang ch kia, bn nn dng mt my ht bi nh loi cm tay chy pin.
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
Nu PC ca bn hn bn tui, hoc nu cc card m rng cm trn bo mch ch qu bn, bn tho tng card ra ngoi, lau sch cc chn tip xc bng cn, ri lp li. Nhng nu PC cn mi, bn ch cn n nh ln cnh trn ca card, v khng chm vo b mt, bo m cho card c cm chc hn. Tng t, bn cng cn kim tra cc u ni in, cc u ni EIDE, v cc dy cp bn trong khc m bo chng u ni tt. Nhn dp m v hp my, bn hy lm quen vi pin CMOS trn bo mch ch (hnh 1). bit v tr ca n, bn xem li ti liu hng dn s dng. Nu PC ca bn dng hn 5 nm, c th phi thay pin CMOS ny. (ng h h thng chy sai l mt triu chng cho bit pin CMOS yu) Tm h hng Tin hnh kim tra nh k PC bng mt tin ch chn on bnh phn cng. C hai tin ch tt nn chn dng l Sandra Standard ca SiSoftware v #1 TuffTest-Lite ca #1-PC Diagnostics. Bn n www.pcworld.com.vn, mc download (ID: 42168) ti xung phin bn min ph ca Sandra (phin bn y gi 35USD), v #1 - TuffTest-Lite (ID: 42170) (phin bn y chc nng gi 10USD). Vic b sung thm v loi b bt cc b phn ca h thng s li cc khon mc 'm ci' (khng lin quan n ng dng no c) trong Windows Registry. iu ny s ko di thi gian khi ng ca PC v lm chm tc hot ng ca h thng. C nhiu tin ch phn mm c thit k dn dp Registry nh Registry Drill ca Easy Desk Software. Chng trnh ny gi 40USD, cho dng th min ph. Bn n www.pcworld.com.vn, mc download (ID: 42172) ti xung bn dng th. Windows lu gi cc tp tin trn a cng theo cc dng gm nhiu segment lin tc. Nhng tri qua mt thi gian, a s y v cc segment b phn tn, cho nn truy cp s lu hn. gi cho a gn gng trt t, phi cho chy nh k tin ch Disk Defragmenter ca Windows. Nhn Start.Programs (All Programs trong XP).Accessories.System Tools.Disk Defragmenter. Nu a ca bn b phn tn segment nhiu, cng vic ny c th gip ci thin tc lm vic ca h thng (xem hnh 2). Tuy nhin, vic dn a (defragment) c th mt nhiu thi gian. Hy cm chng trnh tit kim mn hnh v cc chng trnh t ng 'dn sc' cho trnh dn a. Cng c Disk Deframenter s khng dn ghp tp tin m a cng dng cha nhng d liu trn t b nh h thng (cn gi l tp tin tro i - swap). V phi truy cp thng xuyn tp tin tro i ny nn vic dn ghp n s gy kh khn cho PC. Bn c th dn ghp tp tin ny bng tin ch nh chng trnh SpeedDisk km trong Norton System Works 2004, nhng c mt cch ci t li n trong Windows. Trong Windows XP, bn nhn phi My Computer v chn Properties. Nhn Advanced, ri chn nt Settings bn di Performance. Nhn Advanced li ln na ri nhn nt Change bn di Virtual Memory. Chn a hoc phn vng a khc, ci t kch thc ca tp tin tro i, v nhn OK. Bn n find.pcworld.com/42380 c cc hng dn v vic di chuyn tp tin tro i trong cc phin bn Windows khc. Nu bn ch c mt phn vng a v khng c cch no to phn vng th hai, ng thi bn c trn 256 MB RAM, th bn nn hy b tp tin tro i thay v di chuyn n.
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
Chn No paging file trong cc thit lp Virtual Memory (hnh 3). Nu b trc trc trong vic khi ng, bn cho Windows chy trong Safe Mode v quay li vi ty chn ny. Kim tra a cng Windows XP c kh nng nh gi s b tnh trng 'sc khe' a cng bng tin ch kim tra li ca n. Bn nhn phi biu tng ca a trong Windows Explorer v chn Properties.Tools.Check Now (Windows c th sa cha cc li v pht hin cc sector hng mt cch t ng nu bn mun). Nu vic kim tra ny pht hin mt t li tp tin th khng can g, nhng nu pht hin hng trm li th a c vn . c mt cch kim tra thu o hn, bn n www.pcworld.com.vn, mc download (ID: 42176) ti xung tin ch HDD Health min ph ca Panterasoft. Tin ch ny s theo di tc lm vic ca a cng v cnh bo v tai ha sp xy n (hnh 4). Chng trnh ny ch hot ng c vi a h tr cng ngh S.M.A.R.T, hu nh tt c a xut xng t nm 2000 v sau u h tr cng ngh ny. Nhiu nh thit k phn mm (v driver phn cng) ch quan cho rng bn s mun chng trnh ca h lun chy trn PC, v vy h thit lp Windows ti chng trnh ngay lc khi ng (do vy s cc biu tng trong khay h thng c tng ln mi). Cc chng trnh ny ngn nhiu ti nguyn h thng v thng to ra cc tranh chp phn cng cng nh cc trc trc v tnh tng thch. Mun ngn khng cho chng khi ng, bn ch cn nhn Start.Run, g msconfig, v n <Enter>. Cc chng trnh lit k bn di nhn Startup u c ci t khi chy cng vi Windows. Bn b du chn bn tri ca tng chng trnh khng mong mun, n khi t ng chy.
X l nhng s c my tnh xu nht

My tnh khng khi ng? Qun mt khu ng nhp Windows? cng hng, d liu c nhn bin mt, mt kt ni mng... hoc bn va gi nhm th ca cm n a ch email ca sp? T hn na, bn li lm tnh hnh thm nghim trng khi c gng gii quyt mt cch vi vng. Bn nn chun b tinh thn cho nhng tnh hung ny. Hy c k, gi gn cn thn cm nang ny khi xy ra s c th ly ra v lm theo hng dn. Nhng th thut trong bi khng gii quyt ht tt c nhng trc trc. Tuy nhin, chng s gip bn vt qua mt s tnh hung ti t nht trn my tnh bng nhng th thut c chiu bn cha tng ngh n nh cho a cng vo t lnh cu d liu, lm kh in thoi di ng bng l vi sng hoc thit lp thi gian ch trc khi email t ng gi i c thi gian c li ni dung email. My tnh khng khi ng Nguyn nhn c th (NN). Do bt c th g; li ca Windows, xung t gia cc phn mm, trnh iu khin (driver) thit b gy tranh chp hoc do phn cng hng hc. Khc phc (KP). Trong trng hp ny, bn th tr ti thm t Sherlock
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
Holmes xc nh chnh xc th phm. Hy s dng phng php loi suy bng cch thay th tng phn cng kh nghi. - u tin, bn cn kim tra tt c cp (cp ngun, cp d liu v c cp gn vo mch in t) chc chn mi th gn cht v ng cch. - K tip, kim tra b ngun. Lng nghe ting qut tn nhit hot ng, ting u c a cng di chuyn. Nu khng nghe ting ng, c th b ngun gp trc trc, cn thay th. chc chn hn, hy kim tra in th ra vi mt thit b kim tra chng hn nh ATX power supply tester (gi 10USD) (find.pcworld.com/57276). - Nu b ngun vn hot ng tt nhng mn hnh Hnh 1. Jumper xa khng hin th, bn th mn mn hnh khc (tt nhin thit lp CMOS phi cn hot ng tt) kim tra loi tr nguyn nhn thng nm gn pin mn hnh. Nu a cng vn hot ng bnh thng, (nui) CMOS card mn hnh l th phm. Tho card mn hnh ri v s dng card ha tch hp (nu bo mch ch c) kim tra. thay card mn hnh, tham kho hng dn ti find.pcworld.com/57260. Lu khi m thng thng my, kim tra chc chn qut tn nhit phn cng (CPU, card ha...) vn hot ng tt, c th nguyn nhn do cc linh kin b t nng. - Trng hp mn hnh lm vic tt nhng BMC khng nhn dng c a cng nn khng hin th (hoc c hin th nhng PC b treo qu trnh khi ng). Hy th thit lp li trng thi ban u cho CMOS. Tt my, rt cp ngun, eo vng kh tnh in (c th chm vo thng my cn bng tnh in trong ngi) trc khi tho pin CMOS. i khong 5 pht, gn pin vo v khi ng li, xem kt qu. Nu my tnh vn khng nhn c cng, c th n hng. Tham kho cch x l trong phn cng hng bn di. Lu : Bn phi thit lp li cc thng s trong BIOS Setup sau khi tho pin. Xem ti liu i km vi mainboard bit v tr jumper, pin CMOS v cch thit lp li cc thng s. - Nu my tnh vn khng hot ng, c th RAM l th phm. Ln lt gn tng thanh RAM cc v tr khc nhau kim tra. S dng my tnh khc kim tra RAM bng mt trong nhng tin ch nh Memtest86+, DocMemory, GoldMemory... c trong a Hirens BootCD. - Nu cc bc trn khng thnh cng, nguyn nhn c th do BMC hoc CPU hng, cn phi thay mi. Ghi ch: Nu khng c kinh nghim v phn cng, bn nn em n dch v sa cha c uy tn kim tra; nht l vi MTXT. Nu cc phn cng vt qua k kim tra, chng ta s tip tc vi cc nguyn nhn c lin quan n phn mm, chng hn nh Windows khng th khi ng hoc h thng treo khi HH ang khi ng. Lu : cn tc v y ny, vi nhng d liu c nhn bn nn gn a cng sang my tnh khc v sao lu chng trc khi tip tc kim tra. - Khi ng Safe Mode. Nhn F8 vo giao din ty chn khi ng ca Windows, chn Safe Mode. Thng thng, Windows s t sa cha mt s li
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
khi ng Safe Mode. Nu s dng Windows Vista, bn chn mc Repair Your Computer. Nu my tnh khng c ty chn ny, hy khi ng bng a ci t Vista v chn Startup Repair. - Nu cha khc phc c, hy th chn Last Known Good Configuration. Ty chn ny rt hu ch nu bn thng xuyn thay i phn cng v cp nht trnh iu khin (driver). Nu khi ng thnh cng, tin hnh g b phn cng mi (c th do khng tng thch) v khi phc driver c trong Device Manager bng cch: nhn phi chut trn My Computer (hoc Computer trong Vista), chn Properties vo System Properties. Trong tab Hardware, chn mc Device Manager. Nhn phi chut trn phn cng mi, chn Properties. Chn mc Roll Back Driver trong tab Driver khi phc. - Nu Windows ch khi ng Safe Mode (khng khi ng ch thng Normal Mode), th s dng tin ch System Restore ca Windows (Start. Programs. Accessories. System Tools) hoc trong Vista, chn Start, g t kha system trong mc Run. Chn System Restore lit k trong danh sch Programs phc hi h thng tr li thi im n lm vic tt. Bn cng nn chy phn mm chng virus, spyware trong Safe Mode kim tra. - Nu Windows vn khng th khi ng, bn th khi ng my bng a cu h khn cp nh Knoppix (find.pcworld.com/57261) hoc Active Boot Disk (find.pcworld.com/57262) v sao lu d liu c nhn sang thit b lu tr khc trc khi ci li Windows (trong bc tip theo). - Nu PC vn lm khng lm vic tt, ci li Windows l gii php tt nht. Tham kho hng dn ti find.pcworld.com/57277 hoc find.pcworld.com/57278 nu s dng Vista. Phng trnh (PT). My tnh c th t t bt c lc no, v vy bn nn kch hot System Restore, lu tr cn thn nhng a CD dng cu h, khi phc h thng. Gi li a ci t nhng phn mm quan trng, thng xuyn sao lu v nu c, nn th sn 1 a cng, b ngun d phng khi my tnh gp s c. S dng tin ch to nh a nh Acronis True Image 10 (gi 50USD, www.acronis.com) hoc Norton Ghost (gi 70USD, find.pcworld.com/57279) l gii php tt sao lu, phc hi h thng, d liu ca bn mt cch nhanh chng. BN VA GI EMAIL CA CM SP V HI TIC V IU
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
NN. Bn tht vng v mt s khon phc li b ct gim. KP. Mt s mail server h tr tnh nng recall (hoc replace) cho php ngi dng ly li email va gi. Tuy nhin, bn ch s dng tnh nng ny nu bit chc n c kch hot v ngi nhn cha c email. Trn thc t, kh nng recall email thnh cng khng nhiu. Nu mail server khng h tr tnh nng ny, bn nn n phng sp, by t s hi tic v sn sng n nhn cn thnh n. PT. Hy nh rng t km ch l c tnh tt. Hy kim ch cm xc ca bn khi kim tra mail; nu khng, rt d chm ngi cho mt cuc chin. Bn cng nn c thi quen xem li ni dung email trc khi gi. V tt nhin, gii php k Thit lp thi gian ch cho bn c thut s gip bn trnh lm vo hon hi sa cha sai lm cnh ny mt ln na. thit lp khong thi gian ch trc khi email t ng gi i, trong MS.Outlook, chn Tools. Options. tab Mail Setup, b ty chn mc Send immediately when connected, chn Send/Receive v thay i thi gian ch trong mc Schedule an automatic send/receive every, tt nht l 10 pht hoc hn. Bn s c thi gian xem li ni dung email trc khi gi. Khng thy my tnh khc trn mng NN. C th do Windows hoc thm ch do phn cng b li. Cch kim tra n gin nht l th truy cp Internet, nu c, bn c th loi tr nguyn nhn do phn cng v driver. KP. Nu khng thy bt c my tnh no trong mng, hy kim tra xem my ca bn c cng nhm (workgroup) vi cc my khc khng. Lu : khc vi Windows XP, Vista c thay i tn workgroup mc nh. Trong Start. Run, g lnh sysdm.cpl v nhn Enter. Chn Change trong tab Computer Name v xem tn workgroup. Nu cc my cng workgroup, bc k tip bn kim tra kh nng trng a ch IP gia 2 my tnh. Windows lun hin th cnh bo trong trng hp ny. khc phc, th khi ng li my tnh hoc router s gii quyt c vn . Tuy nhin, nu gn a ch IP tnh, s dng lnh ipconfig kim tra xem IP c trng vi cc IP c router gn t ng cho cc my tnh khc trong mng khng. Trn tng my tnh, chn Start.Run, g lnh cmd /k ipconfig v nhn Enter xem a ch IP ang s dng.
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
Nu cha khc phc c, th chy tnh nng Windows Update trn tt c cc my tnh (nht l nhng my ci t Windows XP). chc n, bn nn kim tra cp mng, kt ni WiFi (nu c) cng nh my tnh cn truy cp c trn mng khng. Cui cng, hy chc rng my in hoc th mc chia s v cp quyn truy cp. Bn cn s dng ti khon thuc nhm qun tr (Administrators) truy cp. chia s th mc, trong Windows Explorer, nhn phi chut trn th mc cn chia s, chn Share. Vi my in, chn Start.Printers and Faxes (hoc Printers vi Vista), nhn phi chut trn my in, chn Sharing. Lu : Cch chia s ca Vista hi khc vi XP, kim tra thit lp chia s tp tin v my in c kch hot trong Network and Sharing Center. PT. Mt khi nhng vn trn c khc phc, bn s khng gp li chng. Tuy nhin, nu chng bt ng xut hin li, hy th khi ng li my tnh mt vi ln s khc phc vn . Mt kt ni mng NN. Modem/router qu nng, khng th truy cp cc trang web. KP. Hy bt u vi nhng nguyn nhn nm trong tm tay ca bn. Modem/router li thng xuyn lm mt kt ni mng, trong trng hp ny, tt ngun, khi ng li modem/router sau 30 giy c th gii quyt vn . - u tin, th truy cp Internet bng my tnh khc kim tra card mng my bn c b hng khng. Nu khng th truy cp, hy kim tra mng cc b; nu mng cc b bnh thng, th phm l router/modem. Th khi ng li hoc thay mi (nu vic khi ng li khng c tc dng). - K tip, kim tra cp mng v xem thng bo li (bng n hin th trng thi) ca modem/router DSL. Nu gp li, hy rt cp mng, tt my tnh v khi ng li. - Vn khng c tc dng? Hy th lm mi kt ni mng. Trong Win XP, chn Start.Run, g lnh cmd (vi Vista, g cmd trong khung Search). Sau g lnh ipconfig /renew trong ca s cmd va xut hin. Ngoi ra, bn c th thc hin tng t bng cch nhn phi chut trn biu tng kt ni khay h thng, chn Repair. Tuy nhin, thng th lnh ipconfig /renew t ra hiu qu hn. - Nu ang kt ni bng card mng khng dy (wireless card), hy th chuyn sang kt ni trc tip vi router bng cp mng (RJ45). Nu s dng kt ni mng chung vi truyn hnh cp, kim tra tn hiu TV v chc chn rng bn thanh ton cc y . - Nu cc thao tc trn khng c tc dng. Hy gi nh cung cp dch v (ISP) yu cu kim tra kt ni. Mt s ISP c kh nng kim tra t xa, chng hn nh gi tn hiu thit lp li modem ca bn. Thng thng, nhng nguyn nhn nm ngoi ngi nh bn ch l tm thi, tuy nhin vn s c gii quyt nhanh hn nu bn lin tc nhc kho. PT. Hy d phng mt vi th dng tm khi mt kt ni mng nh wireless card (cng chun hoc tng thch) vi router WiFi/access point dng k nh hng xm hoc s dng kt ni tm bng Internet card. My nh, in thoi, MTXT hoc bn phm b nhng nc.
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NN. Bn khng th phn nn Microsoft trong trng hp ny. KP. Cn lu mch in t v nc k r nhau, tuy nhin y khng phi l chuyn to tt nu bn s chng dnh mt t nc. Trn thc t, t l cc dng/vt dng c th khi phc hon ton khng nhiu, tuy nhin nu thao tc cn thn, bn vn c th sa cha li lm ca mnh. - Trc ht, nhanh chng tt thit b (nu n vn cn hot ng), tho pin, a CD, th nh, th SIM. Nu l MTXT, tho cc thit b gn ngoi nh PC card, quang v lau sch cht lng bng khn kh. Kim tra v nhanh chng r thit b nu bn vn nghe ting cht lng bn trong; iu ny l rt cn thit lm kh thit b (c bn trong ln bn ngoi) cng nhanh cng tt. Cc hng dn tip theo s gip bn lm kh thit b. Hy chn cch no thun tin v ph hp. Cn lu rng nhng phng thc di y c th lm thit b i tong hn l cu vn; tuy nhin may mn vn c th xy ra. - Hy th vi nhng cht ht m. t thit b vo ti kn vi mt t gi bt ht m bn trong. Lu : nn s dng nhng gi ht m mi; nhng gi c t hiu qu hn. Cch thc ny cng c th p dng vi go hoc mui n v trnh ng lm ri nhng ht go hoc mui vo trong thit b. Tt nht l bc chng trong nhng khn giy. - Hi nng c th lm cht lng bc hi. t thit b trn thanh chn bn xe hi vo bui chiu trong khong 1 ting. Can m hn na, bn th t thit b vo l nng trong 1 gi hoc in thoi trong ti qun c ngy cng lm nng thit b; ging nh dng my sy tc vy (lu khng dng ch mnh hoc qu nng s nng chn thit b). Ghi ch: bn phi chc chn pin c tho khi thit b nu th mt trong nhng cch trn. - S dng cn ht nc. Nu cm thy run tay, bn khng nn dng cch ny. Nhng ton b thit b vo mt chu cha y cn (loi cn nguyn cht 99%, khng dng loi thp hn). Cch ny s lm nc bc hi ht trong thit b. Hy lm iu ny tht nhanh v cn c th ph hng mt s phn c lm bng nha. - Nu l bn phm my tnh, p ngc thit b xung nc c th chy ra ngoi. - Nu lm nhng cht c ng nh nc Soda vo MTXT, in thoi di ng, bn phi lau tht sch nhng cht ny. M phn thit b ra v lau sch chng vi cn 99%, nu khng thit b s b chp mch v nhng cht dnh ny. PT. Nn cn thn khi va lm vic va nhm nhp tr, caf. S dng thit b khng thm nc nh bn phm c lp nha ph bn ngoi. S dng v bc chng thm cho my nh khi do chi trn bin, t in thoi di ng, my nghe nhc trong ti nha s gip bn thot khi nhng rc ri sau ny. Bn nhn c n kin ca RIAA/MPAA NN. Chng ta s khng i su vo tm hiu nguyn nhn. Bn c th tham kho thng tin lin quan trong bi Hollywood chng PC (ID: A0211_18, A0603_20). KP. Bn c th phi tang vt chng nh vt my tnh xung h nc, nh dng a cng nhiu ln hoc nghin nt ci iPod ng ght... tuy nhin, y khng phi l hnh ng thch hp thi im ny, hy gi in cho lut s ca mnh hoc tm ng minh ti Directory of Lawyers Defending Against RIAA Lawsuits (find.pcworld.com/57266).
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PT. Kim tra v thit lp bo mt kt ni mng khng dy. Khng chia s cc th mc phim nh trn my tnh v g b cc ng dng chia s tp tin mng ngang hng khng tun th vi lut bn quyn. Qun mt khu Windows NN. Nn tham kho kin bc s chn on bnh hay qun. KP. Vi mi phin bn Windows, vic phc hi mt khu khc nhau i cht v phc tp hn do nhng ci tin v bo mt ca Microsoft. Tuy nhin, vn cn hy vng cho bn trc khi chn gii php ci mi Windows. - Nu c t mt khu Windows, bn th ng nhp vi mt ti khon ngi dng khc (cng thuc nhm qun tr); c th l mt ti khon c ci sn khi mua my tnh, thng th ti khon ny khng c mt khu. Vi Windows XP, bn th ng nhp vi ti khon l Administrator, mt khu trng xem. Nu c, xa mt khu ti khon kia. Trng hp XP khng hin th y ti khon ngi dng, th nhn t hp phm Ctrl + Alt + Del quay li mn hnh ng nhp ca Windows NT. - Nu khng c ti khon khc trn my tnh, bn phi dng n nhng cng c c kh nng ci li (hoc xa lun) mt khu. Ophcrack l cng c bn nn dng phc hi li mt khu mt. S dng my tnh khc ti v phn mm min ph t http://ophcrack.sourceforge.net v ghi n ln a CD khi ng c. Khi ng bng a ny, ty thuc vo di ca mt khu, n c th phc hi c ton b mt khu cc ti khon trn my tnh ch trong t pht hoc lu hn. - Bn c th dng cng c khc xo mt khu nu vic phc hi mt khu khng hiu qu. Cn lu rng khi s dng cc cng c ny, nguy c mt hoc hng d liu c th xy ra (d rt t). Nu quen lm vic vi nhng dng lnh, 2 cng c min ph Offline NT Password & Registry Editor (find.pcworld.com/57275) v Emergency Boot CD (ebcd.pcministry.com) kh thch hp cho bn. PT. Bn l ngi ng tr, d qun th hy vit n vo t giy v ct k vo v, thm ch ct trong kt st (nu cn thn) hoc nh cho an ton... Bt c cch no min sao bn khng b mt mt khu. XA NHM MT TP TIN QUAN TRNG V KHNG C BN D PHNG
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NN. Bn khng tnh to do thiu ng. KP. Chng ta u bit rng khi Windows xa mt tp tin hay th mc no trong h thng, thc cht tp tin ch c nh du xa cho n khi d liu mi c ghi vo, lc ny d liu c mi thc s b xa i v ghi bng d liu mi. Nh vy, bn vn cn c hi phc hi c khi n khng cn trong Recycle Bin. - Dng ngay vic s dng my tnh. ng tt c nhng ng dng ang m v cc dch v lp ch mc theo thi gian thc (real-time indexing services) nh X1, Google desktop hoc Windows Index Service, v chng c th ghi ln tp tin cn phc hi. - S dng mt trong nhng phn mm ph bin nh QueTeks File Scavenger (gi 49USD, find.pcworld.com/57270) hoc Diskeepers Undelete (gi 30USD, Tnh nng Shadow Copy hu ch find.pcworld.com/57271) phc khi bn xa nhm hi d liu. - Nu phn mm phc hi khng c tc dng, hy ngh n vic ly li bng nhng cch khc. Bn gi tp tin ny cho ai cha? Kim tra mc Send Items hp th ca bn hoc nh ngi nhn gi li cho bn. Tp tin l hnh nh hay on phim? Kim tra th nh trong my nh, my quay hoc bn c a chng ln Flickr, YouTube khng? Rt nhiu tp tin vn cn hin hu trong cc th mc tm nm ri rc trong a cng ca bn. Nu ang s dng Windows Vista, bn c th s dng tnh nng Shadow Copy (mc nh c kch hot). Nhn phi chut trn th mc cha tp tin b xa, chn Restore previous versions v chn thi im phc hi. PT. Thng xuyn sao lu d phng. Nu l d liu quan trng, nn sao lu theo thi gian thc. Ngoi ra, ci t mt phn mm khi phc, chng hn nh Undelete kim sot cc tp tin cho n khi chng thc s b xa.
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Trn ngp ca s pop-up khi khi ng NN. My tnh b nhim virus, spyware, adware. KP. y chng phi l tin tt lnh nhng trong hu ht cc trng hp u c th khc phc. - Rt cp mng khi my tnh hoc ngt kt ni mng khng dy. - Khi ng Safe Mode (nhn F8 vo giao din ty chn khi ng ca Windows, chn Safe Mode). - Chy phn mm phng chng virus ch y (full system scan). Sau ln lt chy 2 phn mm chng spyware: Ad-aware (www.lavasofttusa.com) v Spybot (www.spybot.info). Khc phc nhng li do virus, spyware gy ra sau khi dit. Gn cp mng, khi ng li my, cp nht danh sch virus, spyware mi v tip tc qut ln na. Ngoi ra, bn c th qut virus trc tuyn, chng hn nh dch v ca Symantec. - Trng hp my tnh nhim virus, spyware qu nng, kh nng lm sch v khi phc hon ton h thng l khng th do mt s spyware c kh nng ngn chn chng trnh dit virus hot ng c trong Safe Mode. Bc tip theo, s dng HijackThis (find.pcworld.com/57267), mt tin ch kh mnh c kh nng xc nh chnh xc cc ng dng ang kim sot my tnh ca bn. HijackThis s to mt tp tin nht k hot ng (log file), hy cung cp tp tin ny khi tm kim s gip trn cc din n (find.pcworld.com/57268), bn s nhn c nhng li khuyn hu ch. Nu ang vi, bn th tham kho bng m t ti find.pcworld.com/57267. Trang web ny c nhng phn tch t ng log file ca bn v cung cp mt s cng c cn thit. Tuy nhin, bn vn cn s gip ca ngi c kinh nghim la chn cng c ph hp. Nu tt c nhng bc trn khng thnh cng, th s dng System Restore khi phc h thng. Nu khng hiu qu, gii php cui cng l ci li Windows. Ghi ch: kt qu thng l thnh cng nu kin nhn thc hin tng bc theo hng dn, bn s khng cn n gii php cui cng. PT. Khng m nhng tp tin ng ng nh km trong email, cc ca s pop-up hoc ng link n nhng website khng r ni dung. Nng mc bo mt ca trnh duyt web (trong Tools. Internet Options. Security) hoc s dng cc trnh duyt khc an ton hn. Lun cp nht phn mm dit virus v spyware. Bt tnh nng System Restore. Gii quyt dt im ngay khi my tnh gp s c (v virus, spyware thng ly nhim rt nhanh) v gi li a ci t cc phn mm phng chng virus, spyware. cng hng NN. cng b ri? Qu nng? Hoc khng lm vic v qu gi. Thc t, a cng l phn cng my tnh d hng nht. KP. Cch gii quyt ph thuc vo tng tnh hung c th. Nu a cng hot ng tht thng, d liu ca bn c th b sai lch, khng s dng c.
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Hnh 5. TackTech cung cp nhiu cng c hu ch trong vic khc phc li a cng
KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
Th mt trong nhng cch sau cu d liu v sao chp sang a cng khc trc khi n ngng hot ng. - Cp IDE rt d v d hng. Nu s dng a cng giao tip IDE, hy bt u bng vic kim tra cp c gn cht v ng cch, thay mi nu cn thit. - Th khi ng bng a cu h khn cp Knoppix (xem phn My tnh khng khi ng) hoc bng a cng khc v c gng sao chp d liu sang a cng ny. Format a cng b li xem c khc phc c vn khng. - Trng hp a cng b li sector, th dng tin ch HDD Regenerator (ww.dposoft.net) kim tra v xc nh sector b li. Ti v bn dng th v ghi vo a CD khi ng. Nu pht hin sector li, bn phi tr 60USD cho phin bn y phc hi sector li v khi phc hot ng a cng. - Trang web TackTech (find.pcworld.com/57272) cung cp kh y nhng cng c min ph hu ch trong vic chn on v khc phc li a cng. Bn ch vic tm v ti v cng c ph hp vi nh sn xut a cng ang s dng (Conner, Fujistu, Hitachi, IBM, Maxtor, Quantum, Samsung, Seagate, Toshiba, Western Digital) - Nu a vn khng khi ng c, hy s dng phn mm phc hi d liu (gi dao ng t 40USD cho n 200USD) c gng ly li d liu mt. QueTeks File Scavenger v Stellar Phoenix (find.pcworld.com/57273) l 2 tn tui ng gi trong lnh vc ny. - Bn s lm g vi mt a cng khng hot ng? Hy th mt s th thut sau. y l nhng n lc cui cng v kh nng thnh cng kh mng manh. Ghi ch: Nu a cng vn khng hot ng, khng nn tip tc th m hy em n dch v cu d liu. ng c gng v hoc p vo a, ng tho ri tng phn, m a cng ra. Cch ny chng nhng khng c tc dng m cn lm a cng hng nng hn, kh nng mt d liu cao hn. - Gi cht a v xoay trn cnh tay tht nhanh, song song vi hng ca nhng phin a (ging tr nm a Frisbee). Lp li nhiu ln v trnh ng a cng p mnh vo bt c vt g. Hnh ng ny s gii quyt c vn stiction (s ma st tnh in), gip ngn cc phin a cng khng quay trn. - Th tng in p cp cho a cng, tuyt chiu cui ny c th gip a cng hot ng ln cui cng. - Th thut ng lnh c th p dng trong trng hp a cng ch nghe tc tc ch khng nghe ting quay. Cho a cng vo 1 ti ng bng nha (nh gi n trong khn giy ngn hi m cng nh trnh nc) v lm lnh n trong vi gi. Sau ly ra, n t r lnh bng nhit trong phng. Hin vn cha c thi gian ng lnh a cng hiu qu nht. V vy, hy bt u vi 1 gi v th li cho n ti a l 24 gi xem a cng c chu quay ln cui khng. Lu : nu bn lm cho a cng hng quay ln cui th c gng ng n ngng cho n khi bn sao lu nhng d liu quan trng. Nu tt c cch trn khng hiu qu v d liu thc s rt quan trng vi bn. Tt nht nn gi n n dch v cu d liu nh DriveSaver (http://www.drivesaver.com/).
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KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.
Tt nhin chi ph khng h r t no nhng thc s iu k diu xy ra khi nhng cch thc ca khch hng khng mang li hiu qu. PT. Thng xuyn sao lu nhng d liu quan trng. an ton hn, c th thit lp RAID cho a cng gim ti thiu ri ro mt d liu, tit kim thi gian. Gii php r tin hn l s dng phn mm c kh nng cnh bo nhng tai ha a cng sp xy n nh HDD Health (www.panterasoft.com), SMART (cng ngh t theo di, chun on v bo co li a cng). TI LIU TRNH BY B LI KHI ANG THUYT MINH NN. Tp tin li, router mt ngun, khng tng thch khi trnh din trn my tnh ngi khc, thc s khng phi l vn nghim trng. Bn cng khng c thi gian tm hiu nguyn nhn ti sao. KP. Nu can m, bn c th tip tc thuyt trnh vi ti n ni v s kho lo m khng cn ti liu minh ha. Nu vn cn nhng ti liu minh ha nhng vic khi ng li my tnh khng gip c bn, th s dng OpenOffice.org (www.openoffice.org). Vi mt cht kho lo cu gi, bn c th ti v v ci t mt khong t 10 15 pht v tip tc phn thuyt trnh. Cch gii quyt tt hn trong trng hp ny l s dng b OpenOffice.org portable (find.pcworld.com/57274). Bn c th trc tip khi chy chng m khng cn ci t. Hy gi sao lu 1 bn trn thit b lu tr di ng USB s gip bn thuyt trnh bt c lc no, trn mi my tnh. PT. Lun sn sng. In ra giy tt c cc ti liu minh ha pht cho mi ngi khi ti liu trnh by b li. Sao chp b OpenOffice.org portable vo thit b lu tr di ng USB.
Kinh Nghim X L Li Kh Xc nh Nguyn Nhn

MY TNH T KHI NG LI
Hin tng my tnh t khi ng li m khng c thng bo li l vn "au u" ca nhiu bn c. Cng mt hin tng nhng do nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau: c th do li ca Windows, xung t gia cc phn mm, trnh iu khin thit b phn cng gy tranh chp hoc phn cng km cht lng, khng n nh. Hin tng ny xy ra bt k l my mi mua, mi rp hoc my c, ang s dng, ch xy ra thnh thong hay xy ra lin tc. T khi ng li khi my ang shutdown hay bt k lc no. Lc khi ng hoc khi chy nhng ng dng chim nhiu ti nguyn h thng... V chng xy ra khng theo mt quy lut no c, xc nh nguyn nhn chnh xc i hi bn phi c phn cng thay th, thi gian v tnh kin nhn. Trong trng hp ny, chng ti thng s dng php th ng sai loi suy dn cc nguyn nhn c th gy ra hin tng my tnh t khi ng li. Kim tra phn mm Tin hnh kim tra phn mm nu hin tng ny xy ra sau khi bn chnh sa h thng, ci t hoc g b ng dng, phn mm... (Lu nhng thao tc c nh hng n h thng). Vi Windows 2000/XP, ng nhp vi quyn Administrator, vo Control Pannel\Administrative Tools\Event Viewew xem thng bo li. y l mt trong nhng ni cn tham kho, tm hiu nguyn nhn bit cch khc phc.
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Trong trng hp cn thit, ti v t website ca nh sn xut v cp nht cc trnh iu khin thit b phn cng nh chipset, card ha, card m thanh, card mng... Bn nn chn nhng driver tng thch vi phin bn h iu hnh ang s dng. Tham kho thm thng tin ti www.microsoft.com/whdc/whql/default.mspx. Thit lp mc nh Windows NT/2000/XP s t khi ng li my khi gp li lin quan n h thng (k c trong qu trnh shutdown). Gii php tm thi l tt tnh nng ny, thc hin nh sau: + Nhn phi chut trn My Computer, chn Properties vo System Properties. + Chn Tab Advanced, trong mc Start and Recovery, chn Settings. + B du ty chn mc "Automatically Restart". + Nhn OK xc nhn thay i v khi ng li. Vic b ty chn Automatically Restart s lm h thng b treo hoc hin th "mn hnh xanh cht chc" khi gp li (hnh 1). iu ny s gip bn d xc nh c nguyn nhn gy li hn. khc phc, hy ci li Windows vi ty chn R (Repair) Windows t sa li. Nu khng th khc phc bng vic ci li, bn nn format phn vng a cng v ci mi Windows. Tham kho thm thng tin v cch ci t trong mc Lm mi Windows, bi vit "Tr ha Windows" (ID:A0305_103). Kim tra phn cng Chng ta khng th (hoc khng dm) can thip su vo phn cng, chnh sa hoc thay i nh phn mm. V vy, "thay v th" l gii php chng ti p dng nhm xc nh nguyn nhn. Trong trng hp ny, RAM v b ngun (Power Supply Unit - PSU) l hai phn cng bn cn quan tm c bit. Kinh nghim thc t cho thy, vi h thng P3 (hoc tng ng), RAM l phn cng u tin cn kim tra nhng vi cc h thng P4 hin nay, phn cng u tin cn kim tra l b ngun. RAM Mt s phn mm (min ph hoc c ph) s gip bn kim tra RAM nh Memtest86 (www.memtest86.com), Gold Memory (www.goldmemory.cz). Tuy nhin, vic s dng phn mm kim tra s mt nhiu thi gian vi nhng thanh RAM c dung lng ln (512MB hoc 1GB). V vy, "thay v th" s gip bn trnh khi cnh "i ch" nu c sn RAM thay th. B ngun B ngun l mt thit b phn cng quan trng, cung cp nng lng hot ng cho ton h thng. Tuy nhin, vic la chn b ngun khng c ngi dng quan tm trong mt thi gian di. Vi hng lot cng ngh mi chy i hoc "2 trong 1" nh RAM dual channel, a cng RAID, ha SLI/CrossFire, dual monitor, CPU dual core... B ngun cng tr nn quan trng hn bao gi ht bi n quyt nh s n nh ca h thng, tui th ca cc thit b phn cng khc. Gnh nng ny vt qu kh nng "chu ng" ca nhng b ngun khng tn tui trn th trng, k c nhng b ngun c dn nhn 600 - 700W. V vy, bn ng tic tin khi u t cho b ngun ca h thng v chng trnh cho bn nhng s c ng tic khi xy ra qu ti. Tham kho thm
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thng tin lin quan vic la chn b ngun hp l trong bi "Gii bi ton ngun in (ID: A0505_131)" v bi "B ngun - Gnh PC ti nng" (ID: A1205_56). Lu - Trong qu trnh kim tra, bn phi lu vn tnh in v tip t ca c th trnh gy hng hc cho cc thit b, linh kin. - Sao lu nhng d liu quan trng trnh mt mt khi kim tra. - Vic kim tra phn cng i hi phi c chuyn mn v kinh nghim, nu c th, bn nn nh ngi c kinh nghim gip . - in p tri st cng l nguyn nhn lm my tnh khng n nh. in p qu cao hay qu thp c th lm h hng thit b phn cng. Nu c th, bn nn trang b n p hoc hoc tt hn l UPS cho "cc cng" ca mnh. XP LUN KIM TRA A CNG Tht bc mnh khi Windows XP lun chy checkdisk (tng t scandisk ca Win98) mi khi khi ng d bn tt my ng cch. Nu khng mun phin phc, bn c th tt tnh nng ny; tuy nhin, bn phi chc rng h thng vn hot ng tt (tr vic lun chy checkdisk). Trc khi s dng gii php ny, chng ta th thc hin mt s thao tc sau. - Trc ht, bn hy kim tra cc ng dng t ng chy trong Scheduled Tasks. Chn Start.Programs.Accessories.System Tools.Scheduled Task xem nhng chng trnh no ang s dng tnh nng ny. Xa tt c nhng th lin quan n Chkdsk hoc Autochk. - Thc hin vic kim tra a cng mt ln na vi tin ch checkdisk Windows t kim tra v sa li. Thc hin nh sau: Trong Windows Explorer, nhn phi chut trn phn vng cn kim tra, chn Properties. Trong tab Tools, chn Check Now trong mc Error Checking. nh du cc ty chn trong Check Disk Options trc khi nhn Start. Vi phn vng h thng (phn vng ci t Windows), checkdisk ch kim tra trong ln khi ng k tip (hnh 2). - Nu checkdisk khng th hon tt qu trnh kim tra (treo my) hoc khng khc phc c li, hy s dng tin ch checkdisk (chkdsk.exe), fixmbr v fixboot ca Recovery Console (b tin ch c trong a ci t Windows) kim tra Master Boot Record (MBR) v cc tp tin h thng. Tham kho cch s dng Recovery Console trong bi "Recovery Console - DOS trong XP" (ID: A0203_71). - Mt trng hp khc l cu trc logic ca phn vng a cng b li, bn nn copy tt c d liu sang phn vng khc, sau format phn vng b li ri chp d liu tr li. - K n, kim tra trng hp li ca cc phn mm. Chn Start.Run m ca s DOS Prompt; g vo lnh "msconfig" v nhn OK m ca s System Configuration Utility. Trong giao din System Configuration Utility, chn tab Startup v b tt c cc ty chn c lit k trong Startup Item (tng ng vi cc ng dng c np trong qu trnh khi ng). Nhn OK v chn Restart khi ng li my. Khi Windows khi ng li, ca s System Configuration Utility s xut hin. Nu khng c bt k trc trc no xy ra, nh du chn Dont show this message or launch the System Configuration Utility v nhn OK. Kim tra xem hin tng checkdisk cn xut hin khng. Nu khng, m
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ca s System Configuration Utility, ln lt nh du chn tng mc trong Startup Item v khi ng li kim tra cho n khi pht hin c phn mm gy li. G b chng v ci t phin bn mi hn hoc thay th bng phn mm khc c tnh nng tng ng. TT TNH NNG SCANDISK/CHECKDISK - Vi Windows 98 v 98SE. Chn Start.Run, g lnh "msconfig" v nhn OK. Trong ca s System Configuration Utility, chn mc Advanced trong tab General v nh du chn Disable ScanDisk after bad shutdown. - Vi Windows ME. Chn Start.Run, g lnh "regedit.exe" v nhn OK m ca s Registry Editor. Tm n kha DisableScandiskOnBoot theo ng dn HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Contro l\FileSystem, thay i Value data thnh 01 (00 nu mun kch hot li tnh nng ny). Khi ng li my tnh nhng thay i c hiu lc. Vi Windows 2000/XP. Trong Registry Editor (regedit.exe), tm n nhnh HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Contro l\Session Manager\BootExecute, xa dng lnh trong Value data. Khi ng li my tnh thay i c hiu lc. Lu : Trc khi tin hnh chnh sa Registry, bn hy thc hin sao lu Registry (tham kho bi "Chm sc v bo dng Windows Registry", ID: A0205_90).
My T ng Tt Khi Chy Nhiu Chng Trnh

hi: Khng hiu sao do ny my tnh em chy nhiu chng trnh 1 lc th bo li v t ng tt ng dng i. Vo Start > Run cng khng c. My bo Your system is low on virtual memory..... Vy em phi lm sao? y tr li: Theo nh li m t th nguyn nhn l do my tnh ca bn thiu b nh o (virtual memory). Thng thng khi ci t Windows, my tnh s t iu chnh dung lng ca b nh o ny mc nh nm trong phn vng cha h iu hnh, tuy nhin nu dung lng cn li ca phn vng cha b nh o ny qu nh th Windows s ra thng bo, ng thi nu bn chy nhiu ng dng my tnh s b chm. khc phc hin tng ny, bn lm nh sau: - Tng dung lng trng ca phn vng ci t Virtual memory bng cch xa bt chng trnh ci trong phn vng v ci vo phn vng khc ca cng hoc dng tin ch Disk Cleanup trong Windows dn dp cng. - iu chnh li phn vng ci t hay dung lng ca Virtual memory: Bn nhp chut phi vo biu tng My Computer trn desktop vo Properties > chn th Advanced > Trong vng Performance nhn vo Setting, bn tip tc chn th Advanced nhn vo nt Change bn di, trong ca s Virtual Memory, bn chn phn vng cn thit lp b nh o (lu : phn vng ny phi c dung lng trng ln hn phn vng trc ), chn tip vo mc System managed size hoc vo Custom size t iu chnh dung lng b nh o.
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* B quyt phn cng

Bn c nh a cc thit b ang s dng vo vin dng lo? ng vi. Bi vit ny s gii thiu hn 50 th thut nng cp v gii php tit kim hiu qu gip bn khai thc trit my tnh, my in, my nh s v cc thit b khc. MY TNH BN B sung b nh Microsoft cho bit Windows XP i hi 64MB b nh RAM nu bn chy cc ng dng n gin, chng hn Notepad. thc thi cc ng dng ln, Microsoft khuyn co RAM cn t 128MB nhng thc t cho thy h thng s ng gc nu khng c ti thiu 256MB RAM. a phn cc my tnh c sn xut trong vng 2 nm tr li y u c trang b RAM 512MB (h iu hnh Microsoft Windows Vista Premium i hi b nh ti thiu mc ny) nhng xem ra con s 1GB s gip my tnh ca bn vn hnh trn tru hn. xem hng dn v cch b sung RAM, tham kho find.pcworld.com/55230. Ngoi ra, tit kim chi ph trong vic nng cp RAM, bn cn hi xem ca hng bn linh kin c thc hin vic i c ly mi khng? Mt vi ca hng nhn mua li RAM c hoc gim gi RAM mi khi i RAM c. Gn thm u c th nh Vic ly d liu t th nh s d dng hn m bn khng cn phi kt ni my nh s hay thit b khc vi my tnh bng cp USB. Hy lp khong trng ca khoang gn a 5,25 hay 3,5 bng mt u c th nh gn trong, chng hn nh loi CompUSA Removeable 9-in-1 Flash Media Reader/Writer (find.pcworld.com/55367, Hnh 1), gi 25 USD. Nu tt c khoang gn a u c s dng (v bn khng thch t thm mt thit b gn ngoi ln bn lm vic), hy chuyn i (hay b hn) c a mm. Cn nu khng ngi s vng vu, bn c th trang b mt u c th nh gn ngoi kt ni vi my tnh qua cng USB (hu ht thit b loi ny hin c trn th trng u h tr mi loi th nh thng dng). Mt s nh sn xut cn b sung mt cng USB 2.0 hay cng FireWire vo u c th nh ngi dng c th d dng truy xut t pha trc. Khng nhng th, vi loi u c th nh t tin (c th trn 100 USD) c trang b thm cng SATA, jack cm loa v micro, hay thm ch mn hnh LCD b xu hin th nhit ca CPU. M rng vi SATA Nu u c th nh va trang b khng i km cng kt ni vi a cng SATA gn ngoi, bn hy b sung mt card cung cp vi kt ni SATA gn ngoi. V d, b chuyn i 2-Port eSATA PCI ca hng Addonics (find.pcworld.com/55227), gi 29 USD, c th c s dng cp ngun cho bt k a cng SATA chun 3,5 no. Nu mun chuyn i mt a cng gn trong thnh dng gn ngoi, bn cn mua thm hp chuyn i (hay cn gi l HDD Box) ni a cng IDE/SATA vi my tnh thng qua cng USB 2.0. Bn c th d dng tm mua thit b ny ti cc ca hng tin hc vi gi trong khong 10 - 30 USD. Sao lu gn ngoi a cng gn ngoi thng t tin hn loi a cng gn trong c cng dung lng, nhng b li chng em n s thun tin sao lu d liu. Vi mt a cng gn ngoi, bn c th s dng tin ch Backup v Task Scheduler ca Windows XP t ng thc hin cng vic sao lu (xem thm hng dn ti find.pcworld.com/55228). Mt a cng gn ngoi cng gip thun tin hn trong vic truyn nhn tp tin dung lng ln gia cc my tnh, nu bn thit lp thit b ny lm a chia s trn mng (hng dn chi tit ti find.pcworld.com/55326). Hoc bn c th trang b mt a 63
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cng mng (NAS) phc v cho nhu cu sao lu t do ca tt c cc my tnh. khi phc d liu, bn ch cn n gin kt ni trc tip n a cng ny v ti cc tp tin cn thit v my tnh. Nng cp ghi DVD Nu my tnh bn ang s dng ch c trang b ghi CD, hy ngh n vic b sung mt ghi DVD. Cc th h ghi DVD mi nht u h tr cc nh dng a DVD thng dng nh DVD+R/RW v DVD-R/RW, k c a mt lp hay hai lp (8,5GB). Vi model ghi cn c kh nng h tr nh dng a t thng dng l DVD-RAM. Do cc ghi ny cng c kh nng ghi a CD nn vic b sung mt quang th 2 vo my tnh s gip bn n gin ha cng vic sao chp. Hin nay, gi ghi DVD gim ng k, c vi model c bn di 50 USD. Cn nu rng rnh tin bc v cn dung lng lu tr nhiu hn th tt nht l bn nn trang b ghi a DVD Blu-ray, ghi HD-DVD hin vn cha c mt trn th trng. p xung h thng Khi cc hng sn xut CPU thit lp tc cho sn phm ca mnh, h chn im giao gia tin cy v hiu sut hot ng. Tuy nhin, bn vn c th buc CPU lm vic sung hn cht t bng cch thc hin p xung (overclock). Vi card ha cng c th c p xung (tham kho bi B quyt tinh chnh h thng, ID: A0503_78). Bn c th ci thin hiu sut hot ng ca h thng bng cch thay i cc ci t v tc xung nhp v mc in p trong chng trnh ci t cu hnh ca my tnh hoc iu chnh trc tip trn bo mch ch. Hu ht dn p xung chuyn nghip thng bt u bng cch tng t t tc hay mc in p trong BIOS, v gim xung ngay khi nhn thy hin tng h thng vn hnh khng n nh hoc cc du hiu bt n khc. c thm thng tin v vn p xung, bn c th tham kho cc website nh Overclokers.com, Extreme Overcloking (www.extremeovercloking.com) v Overclock.net. Hy nh c k mc hng dn cch lm mt (gii nhit) v nhit trn cc chip c p xung s nng ln rt nhiu so vi bnh thng. Tuy nhin, nu mua my tnh nguyn b t Dell, Gateway, HP hay ca nhng hng tn tui khc, bn khng th thc hin iu ny do h thng kha cht tc ca CPU hn ch hin tng chy chip. Thay mi CPU Nu vic p xung vn cha cung cp c s ci thin tc m bn mong mun th cu tr li l cn thay CPU mi. Hy c ti liu hng dn i km bo mch ch (hay tham kho trn website ca hng sn xut) bit c tc CPU m bo mch ch ny h tr. Bn nn xem hng dn thay CPU ti find.pcworld.com/55235. Lm sch tng tc Mt my tnh khng th t n nh cao phong nu nh nhit bn trong thng my qu nng, v th hy thng xuyn lm v sinh cc l thng gi v b phn tn nhit. Trc ht, hy ht bi (si vi, tc, giy...) ang che kn cc l thng gi pha trc v sau thng my. Sau , m thng my v cn thn thi sch cc l thng gi, qut lm mt, b phn tn nhit bng 1 bnh xt khng kh nn (thng c bn cc ca hng vi gi khong 7 USD). Cc khe, rnh nh ca b phn tn nhit thng l ni hp dn bi v cc thnh phn y bi ny c th dn n tnh trng treo my, t ngt tt my m khng r nguyn nhn hoc nhng trc trc kh hiu khc. Ngoi ra, bn cng cn v sinh card ha. Bn trong thng my, bn nn sp xp cp ni gn gng, tt nht l b tr chng dc theo cnh ca thng my ti u s i lu khng kh. Hy m bo cc l thng gi khng b che chn hay qu st tng hay vch ngn. 64
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Tng cht lng m thanh Tr khi ang s hu mt dn my gii tr gia nh (home theatre) vi h thng m thanh 5.1 knh hay mt my tnh chi game loi xn, th nhiu kh nng l bn ang thng thc m nhc trn my tnh thng qua mt card m thanh bnh thng (hay chip m thanh tch hp trn bo mch ch) v 1 cp loa khng c kh nng gi lp cc knh ring bit. tng cng sut cho dn m thanh ca my tnh, bn hy gn thm mt b khuych i ng ra tn hiu m thanh ca card m thanh. M rng Bluetooth Bluetooth l cng ngh tuyt vi kt ni tai nghe khng dy v truyn nhn d liu. Tuy nhin, trong khi nhiu loi in thoi di ng v thit b cm tay c tch hp kh nng kt ni Bluetooth, hu ht my tnh bn v nhiu model my tnh xch tay li thiu tnh nng ny. Gii php c ra l gn thm mt b thu pht sng Bluetooth (Bluetooth dongle) kt ni vi my tnh qua cng USB khi cn thit (Hnh 2). Ti Vit Nam, bn c th mua thit b ny ti cc ca hng tin hc vi gi dao ng trong khong 25 - 50 USD. Ngoi ra, bn c th gh qua a ch find.pcworld.com/55536 bit thm thng tin v cng ngh Wibree ca Nokia, c cho rng c kh nng ci thin kh nng kt ni Bluetooth. MY TNH XCH TAY Thng thc m nhc v thc hin cuc gi S dng my tnh xch tay nghe nhc v xem phim nhng ni cng cng c th em n cho bn s vng vu do dy cp ca tai nghe. V khi in thoi di ng chung, bn phi g tai nghe khi u tr li cuc gi. Khi y, bn cn s dng mt headset (tai nghe km micro) khng dy hai chc nng, c th khai thc tnh nng a kt ni (multiple-connection) ca sng Bluetooth. V d, Jabra BT620s (find.pcworld.com/55245), 83 USD, kt hp mt micro vo tai nghe stereo, v th bn ch cn n mt nt chuyn i gia nghe nhc ang pht trn my tnh xch tay hay tr li cuc gi t in thoi di ng c tnh nng Bluetooth ca mnh. Vi tai nghe dng ny, khi c mt cuc gi n, nhc s t ng c tm ngng, ngi dng n vo nt bn hng tai nghe chp nhn hay t chi cuc gi; khi tr li in thoi xong, nhc s c pht tr li. Thng thng, pin sc i km trong tai nghe loi ny cho php m thoi lin tc 14 gi cho mi ln sc. In khng cn my in My tnh xch tay gip ngi dng t do lm vic bn ngoi vn phng nhng iu ny cng ng ngha vi vic bn s khng d dng thc hin cc tc v in n. Trong tnh hung ny, bn cn trang b mt chic my in xch tay hoc s dng dch v in n ca khch sn in ti liu c lu trong bt USB, th nh hay a cng di ng. Hin nay, ti M xut hin vi dch v trc tuyn gip gii phng s vt v ny. V d, PrinterOn (www.printeron.net) hng dn bn n mt my in mng gn v cho php bn in cc tp tin ca mnh 100 nh dng khc nhau, bao gm tp tin Office, PDF v JPEG. Dch v ny lin kt vi nhiu chui khch sn ln nh Doubletree, Embassy Suites v Hilton, cho php khch hng gi lnh in (min ph) n Business Center ca khch sn ni h ang c tr. Ngoi ra, phn mm min ph FedEx Kinho (www.fedexkinkis.com/fpfk) cho php bn gi lnh in n mt my in o (virtual printer) trn my tnh ca mnh, ri chuyn lnh in ny n mt a im thuc h thng FedEx Kinko m bn chn hay gi bn in trc tip n bn thng qua dch v chuyn pht nhanh FedEx. Bn c th xem trc bn in ca mnh thng qua trnh duyt v tr tin qua mng (chi ph ph thuc vo kch thc tp tin v loi giy in m bn chn). Gn thm b My tnh xch tay c thit k ring cho nhu cu lm vic di ng nhng phn ln 65
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thi gian thit b ny li an c trong vn phng hay gia nh. Mt b (dock hay c ngi gi l m rng) s cung cp cc cng kt ni cho cc thit b ngoi vi nh bn phm, chut, mn hnh, loa v my in. B Targus Universal Notebook Docking Station with Video (find.pcworld.com/55247, Hnh 3), gi 120 USD cho php bn kt ni tt c thit b thng qua mt cng USB duy nht trn my tnh xch tay ca mnh. Hai trong tng s 4 cng USB ca b ny lun c cp ngun ngay c khi my tnh tt hay hot ng ch ch, gip thun tin cho vic sc pin in thoi di ng, PDA hay chut khng dy. MY IN Tit kim chi ph Hu ht my in u cho php bn ko di thi gian s dng mt hp mc bng cch thit lp ch in draft, to ra vn bn sc xm nhng vn c th c c. Bn cng s tit kim c ng k lng mc in bng cch tt ch in mu, gi mc en lun r hn mc mu. Ngoi ra, bn c th in 2 mt trn cng 1 t giy. Nu my in c b o giy (duplexer), hy thit lp ch mc nh in trn c 2 mt giy. To my in o Khng phi tt c bn in u c to ra ging nhau: c lc bn cn cht lng, c lc cn tc , c lc mu sc... Vi mi loi bn in, bn phi thay i cc ci t trong hp thoi Print Properties ca Windows. Tuy c vi my in cho php ngi dng thit lp cc ch s dng (profile), nhng thng th bn phi lc tung hp thoi Print Properties tm nhng thng s cn tinh chnh. t c cng kt qu ny nhng d dng hn, hy to ra cc profile my in ring bit cho mi nhu cu in n c th. M ca s Printer and Fax trong Control Panel, chn Add a printer v thc hin theo cc hng dn ca Add Printer Wizard. K n, chn my in v nhn Set printer properties trong khung ca s bn phi (hay nhn phi chut ln my in v chn Properties). t tn cho my in (chng hn nh Injet Draft hay Laser Letterhead Paper) v nhn Printing Preferences.Advanced. Sau , thit lp cc thng s theo ring ca bn (ty chn trn tng my in thng khc nhau nhng hu ht u cho php bn chnh phn gii tng ng vi bn in cht lng cao hay thp). Trong ln in k tip, chn biu tng tng ng vi my in cn s dng t trnh n th xung trong hp thoi Print (Hnh 4). Chn ng loi giy Nu my in ca bn c nhiu khay np giy, hy mt khay cha loi giy in thng thng, thit lp profile in mc nh s dng khay giy ny v t loi giy cht lng cao vo nhng khay cn li. Khi bn cn in vi cht lng cao, chn ng khay giy cn thit trong hp thoi Print Properties. c c vn bn sc nt khi s dng my in phun, hy s dng loi giy c sn xut c bit cho loi my ny - giy in dnh cho my in laser v my photocopy ht mc ht nh mt tm bt bin v th vn bn s trng m hn. mu sc c th hin chnh xc v bn in tn ti lu di, bn nn s dng loi giy c hng sn xut my in khuyn co s dng - thng l giy do chnh h cung cp. Vi loi my in, v d nh vi model gn y ca Canon, thm ch khng cho php bn chn ch in cht lng cao nu my nhn ra bn khng s dng ng loi giy c bit ca hng ny. Mua giy v mc in theo gi Cc th nghim trc y ca PC World M cho thy, chi ph in mt nh 4x6 inch dao ng trong khong 0,23 0,97 USD. Nhiu hng sn xut my in hin c cung cp nhiu la chn giy v mc in. V d, gi vt t in dnh cho my Photosmart 385 v 375 bao gm 1 catridge mc (loi 3 mu) v 50 t giy in nh vi gi 20 USD (r hn mc gi 25 USD ca 1 catridge mc khi mua l). 66
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Chn catridge theo nhu cu Mua mc in dnh cho my in laser vi s lng ln (hay ni chnh xc l loi catridge dung tch ln) cng s gip bn tit kim c ng k chi ph. Brother l mt in hnh trong s cc hng sn xut my in laser cung cp catridge mc in vi nhiu loi dung tch khc nhau. Loi catridge dng in 3.500 t giy dng cho my in Brother HL-5250DN c bn gi 74 USD. Bn c th mua loi c dung tch gp i vi gi 100 USD. Kt ni trc tip Hu ht cc my in nh hin nay u cung cp 1 cng pha trc in nh trc tip t my nh s m khng cn s dng n my tnh. Cc my nh s s dng chun PictBridge lin kt vi my in thng qua cng USB. Nhiu my in cn cho php bn kt ni vi nhng thit b USB khc, thng l a cng dng flash hay bt nh USB. Cc my in thng trang b mt mn hnh LCD mu, cho php duyt v in nh c lu trn a cng flash. V d, my Epson PictureMate Deluxe Viewer Edition cho php bn truyn tp tin nh t th nh ca my nh s sang bt USB, thun tin lu tr nh khi khng c my tnh. Vi my in HP, v d my Photosmart A616, c th in nh c lu trn my nghe nhc iPod. Tuy nhin, bn ng mong i s t c tc truyn nhn nh khi s dng cng USB 2.0 trn my tnh: hu ht cng PictBridge c tc chm hn USB 1.1. Tt c my tnh mi hin nay u trang b cng USB 2.0 nhng thit b kt ni c th chy ch Hi-Speed (c th t n 480Mbps) hay Full-Speed (t tc gii hn ca USB 1.1 l 12Mbps). Nu th nh dung lng 1GB trong my nh cha y nh th bn s nhn ra s khc bit ln v thi gian cn ti ton b s nh khi kt ni vi my in dng chun PictBridge thay v kt ni trc tip n my tnh. D nhin, hu ht my nh s vn s dng chun USB 2.0 tc chm hn. Kh nng in trc tip tht s thun tin v hin nay bn cng c th tn hng iu ny vi in thoi di ng cng nh cc thit b cm tay khc. Hng Canon cung cp vi loi my in vi giao tip hng ngoi IrDA, cho php bn gi nh trc tip n my in. Khng nhng th, Canon, Epson v HP cn cung cp b chuyn i Bluetooth c th cm vo cng in trc tip trn my in bn c th in nh khng dy t thit b Bluetooth ca mnh. Ti M, gi thit b ny dao ng trong khong 39 80 USD. In y trang web Nu tin ch Internet Explorer ct i phn bn phi ca trang web m bn cn in, hy kim tra trn website ca hng sn xut my in ti v phn mm min ph cho php in y trang web. V d, cc tin ch nh EasyWebPrint ca Canon, Web-To-Page Utility ca Epson v Toolbar ca Lexmark cung cp tnh nng in thay th (alternative-print), c kh nng nht gn trang web vo ng kh giy in thng thng. Mt s tin ch i hi bn phi s dng ng my in ca hng ny. Mt gii php n gin hn l thay i cc thng s trang in ca trnh duyt IE: nhn File.Page Setup, nh gi tr bin tri v bin phi gn mc 0,25 (Hnh 5). Khi y, bn in trang web ca bn s rng hn so vi nhng g bn nhn thy trn mn hnh. Tn dng qu tng Cc ca hng tin hc thng bn nhiu sn phm thit k dnh cho vic in n, chng hn thip mi, poster v nhng ti liu phc v cho cng vic kinh doanh khc. Nhng trc khi b ra 20 100 USD mua chng, hy kim tra xem bn c min ph nhng g vi chic my in ca mnh. Nhiu hng sn xut my in cung cp cc cng c v mu to sn (template) khuyn khch bn s dng my in nhiu hn (v qua s mua nhiu giy v mc in hn). My in nh ca Epson v HP thng i km cng c to thip v b su tp nh. Tin 67
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ch Creative Park ca Canon (find.pcworld.com/55265) v CreativeZone ca Epson (find.pcworld.com/55266) cung cp cc template v hng dn cho nhiu nhu cu in n khc nhau. Trong khi , dch v Activity Center ca HP (find.pcworld.com/552667) v Project Center ca Lexmark (find.pcworld.com/55268) hng dn bn tng bc trong vic thit k thip, th mi v nhiu th khc; hai tin ch ny, bn c th chp hnh nh ca mnh ln website, sau s dng cc cng c chnh sa chng. C website ca HP v Lexmark u cung cp cc bn in cui cng dng tp tin PDF, v th bn c th in chng vi bt k my in no. Thm ch website ca HP cn gip bn thit k cc ti liu phc tp nh bng phn cng, thng tin lin lc ca cc thnh vin, k hoch thi u, th mi ti tr ng phc, o T-shirt... cho mt i bng. HA Tng xung nhp Game th v ngi dng my tnh am m tc thng vt kit sc mnh h thng bng cch tng tn s xung nhp ca CPU vt qua thit lp mc nh ca hng sn xut. Bn cng c th thc hin iu ny vi card ha ca mnh. Hai hng sn xut card ha hng u l ATI v nVidia u cung cp cc tin ch gip tng tc b x l ha (GPU). Tin ch Overdrive (ATI) v Coolbits (nVidia) i km theo trnh iu khin thit b ca card ha (c th bn cn phi b kho tin ch Coolbits tin ch ny hin th trong chng trnh cu hnh Forceware ca nVidia ( thc hin iu ny, tham kho bi B quyt tinh chnh h thng, ID: A0503_78). Cn lu , hin tng nhit tng qu cao khi thc hin p xung c th gy hng cc mch in vn rt mng manh ca card ha. Tin ch Overdrive gim st nhit ca card ha ngn nga hin tng qu nng v vic s dng tin ch ny khng lm mt hiu lc bo hnh thit b. Tuy nhin, vic p xung card ha nVidia bng tin ch Coolbits hay tin ch ca mt hng th 3 khc, v d RivaTuner (find.pcworld.com/55274), min ph, s vi phm cc quy nh v bo hnh. Ty chnh BIOS Nu my tnh ca bn s dng card ha chun AGP th nhng thng s trong BIOS s cung cp vi kh nng iu chnh cp thp ci thin hiu qu ha (vic thay i cc thng s trong BIOS kh ri ro, do bn nn tham kho cch thc hin c trnh by trong bi Tinh chnh BIOS ca PC, ID: A0302_77). AGP Mode: Chnh mc ny n gi tr ln nht m card ha ca bn h tr - 2X, 4X hay 8X (tm thng s ny trong ti liu i km hay trn website ca hng sn xut). Vic iu chnh ny c th ci thin hiu qu hin th ha ca h thng. AGP Fast Write: Kch hot tnh nng ny thng gip tng tc card ha nhng khng phi l thc hin p xung. AGP Aperture Size: Ci t ny s iu khin lung d liu ha vo/ra trn RAM h thng bt c khi no b nh trn card ha ca bn cn kit. i vi cc card ha c b nh di 32MB, hy tng gi tr ny n 128MB hay cao hn ci thin hiu qu ca tnh nng bng khi chi game. Tinh chnh mn hnh Cch thc nhanh nht v n gin nht s dng hiu qu nht mn hnh CRT hay LCD l iu chnh sng, tng phn v nhng thng s khc; vi iu chnh n gin c th to ra s khc bit ln cho nhng g c hin th trn mn hnh. bit cc th thut v tin ch iu chnh mn hnh CRT v LCD, tham kho ti find.pcworld.com/55269 v find.pcworld.com/55270. Gim chi v chng nhn trm Mn hnh hin th qu sng c th gy nh hng khng tt n s iu tit i mt ca bn, c bit khi phi lm vic vi my tnh trong thi gian di. Hy trang b mt 68
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tm king chng chi hay mn lc chuyn dng ca hng 3M (find.pcworld.com/55276) hay Fellowes (find.pcworld.com/55277). Ngoi ra, i lc bn khng mun ngi ngi cnh bn hay ai v tnh i ngang qua bn lm vic ca mnh c th c c ni dung bn hp ng hay th in t m bn ang son tho, phi lm sao y? Gii php ti u l s dng mt tm chn bo mt, khng nhng gip gim chi m cn hn ch gc nhn t ngoi vo mn hnh. Ti Vit Nam, bn c th tm mua tm chn dng ny ca hng 3M ti cc ca hng tin hc, tuy nhin gi kh cao (40 100 USD ty kch thc). Hin th trung thc mu sc Mu sc c hin th khc nhau mi mn hnh. Nu bn mun nh t my chp hnh k thut s v hnh v ha trng tht hn, bn cn cn chnh mu sc cho mn hnh ca mnh. Phn mm cn chnh mu c th thc hin iu ny nhng t mu sc chnh xc, bn cn n thit b c thit k c bit ly mu v phn tch cc thng s mu sc ca mn hnh. Thit b Spyder2express ca Colorvison (find.pcworld.com/55279, Hnh 6), gi 70 USD, s dng mt b qut (c hnh dng ca u gy nh hockey, kt ni vi my tnh qua cng USB) c treo pha trc mn hnh ly mu nh sng pht ra v t ng cn chnh mu sc. Phn mm nng cp gi 200 USD cng ca hng ny s b sung tin ch PrintFix, gip ng nht mu sc ca bn in v hnh nh hin th trn mn hnh. - nh thc im nh Thnh thong, cc im nh (pixel) trn mn hnh LCD tr nn bt ng, bn cn nh thc chng: hy th s dng u ngn tay c qun mt ming vi mm v sch mt-xa im nh ny mt cch nh nhng t 10 - 15 giy. Nu vn khng khc phc tnh trng ny, bn ti v tp tin video min ph Stuck Pixel (find.pcworld.com/55280) v pht on phim ny lin tc trong na gi ng h. pht on video c thit k dnh ring cho my chi game cm tay PSP, bn cn c tin ch QuickTime (www.quicktime.com) hay bt k tin ch a phng tin no h tr tp tin MPEG-4. Lu , tin ch ny ch lm vic vi cc im nh b bt ng ch khng phi cc im nh cht (thng l mu en). Nng cp trnh iu khin Bn khng hi lng vi hiu qu ha m card ha ang s dng th hin, hy kim tra xem bn ci t ng phin bn mi nht ca trnh iu khin (driver) cho thit b ny cha (vic thay i trnh driver ca card ha thng gy rc ri, do vy nu khng c g trc trc, tt hn ht bn ng c sa chng). Trong ca s thuc tnh ca driver ha, bn cn bit qua cc tnh nng v thng s c lit k. Tin ch Catalyst ca ATI v Forceware ca nVidia cho php bn iu chnh nhiu thng s v hnh nh 3D, mu sc v nhng ci t nng cao khc. Bn cn tham kho hng dn s dng tin ch Catalyst v Forceware ti trang TweakGuides.com. V d, vic thay i cc thng s gamma ca card ha c th tng ng k sng trong game. Nhiu ngi dng chuyn nghip cn s dng tin ch PowerStrip (find.pcworld.com/55281), gi 30 USD, cung cp v s tnh nng tinh chnh nng cao dnh cho card ha, k c nhiu tinh chnh khng c trong tin ch ca hng sn xut. V d, ngi dng c th ty bin phn gii xem phim trn HDTV hay mn hnh LCD dng widescreen, chn tn s lm ti ph hp b qua gii hn 60Hz thng gy nn hin tng rung rung mn hnh (Hnh 7). MNG KHNG DY Tr t do cho thit b ngoi vi Bt k thit b ngoi vi no c mt cng mng (ethernet) u c th c ci tri 69
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thng qua mt cu ni WiFi-Ethernet n gin, cho php bn di chuyn thit b ny vng quanh cn h hay t thit b ngoi vi chia s ny gia vn phng. Cc hng nh D-Link, Netgear, Belkin u c cung cp loi cu ni khng dy ny mc gi khong 50 - 100 USD. Chng c s dng ch yu trong vai tr b chuyn i kt ni khng dy cho my chi game GameCube, PlayStation v Xbox, nhng cng c th lm vic c vi cc thit b c cng mng khc nh my in hay a cng gn ngoi. Nu mng khng dy ca bn c cu hnh ch cp a ch IP t ng (DHCP) th l c hi tt cu ni khng dy ny lm vic hiu qu. Nu khng, bn s phi kt ni cu ni ny vi my tnh, ri gn a ch IP mt cch th cng. Vi my chi game h console i c cn mt b chuyn i cng mng ring bit. Tng t, Xbox 360 c mt cng USB v Microsoft bn ri b chuyn i kt ni WiFi. Tm kim dch v ln cn Ai cn cn n h thng nh v tou cu GPS khi c Wi-Fi? Dch v min ph Loki (www.loki.com) lp bng cc mng Wi-Fi ti hu ht cc thnh ph ln ca nc M, cho php bn s dng PDA, smartphone hay my tnh xch tay c kh nng kt ni Wi-Fi nh ra v tr (a l) m mnh ang ng. Loki ci t nh mt thanh cng c trong trnh duyt IE hay Firefox, cho php bn tm kim v tr ca cc rp chiu bng, nh hng, thng tin thi tit v nhiu thng tin khc. Hai tnh nng c yu thch trong Loki l tnh nng hng dn ng i (Hnh 8) v cung cp cc a im hotspot cng cng. Tht tuyt, vi Loki, ch cn n mt nt nhn, bn c th gi email hay tin nhn SMS vi ni dung l v tr ca mnh cho mt ngi bn khc. Sau , ngi nhn s nhn vo mt ng link nhn thy mt bn v hng dn ng i n ch ca bn. Mt tnh nng hp dn khc ca Loki l cho php bn nh du v tr a l nh km tin blog, hnh ti ln Flickr v cc ni dung trn web khc. Bo mt kt ni Thc t cho thy, cc hotspot cng cng thng khng an ton. Cho d bn s dng kt ni Wi-Fi min ph ti qun cafe, khch sn hay ni cng cng no th mi ln ng nhp, bn s phi gi i ID v mt khu qua sng khng dy. Nhng k xu c th thit lp mt trm pht sng khng dy vi m nhn dng tng t nh nhng g bn mong i nhn c t mt router khng dy thc s (v d wayport hay tmobile), ri sau nh cp thng tin c nhn ca bn. ngn chn tnh trng ny, bn cn m ha d liu, email hoc s dng mng ring o (VPN). Hin c kh nhiu doanh nghip, t chc ang trin khai dch v VPN cho nhn vin c nhu cu lm vic di ng. Ngi dng hotspot thng thng c th s dng dch v VPN tr ph, v d Personal VPN ca Boingo (find.pcworld.com/55284); min ph dng th, 30 USD s dng chnh thc hay WiTopia personalVPN (find.pcworld.com/55286), ph dch v 40 USD/nm; c 2 u d ci t v s dng. Ngoi ra, Microsoft ang th nghim dch v Windows Live WiFi Suite mi, trong c dch v VPN. Hng JiWire (www.jiwire.com) cung cp tnh nng bo mt Wi-Fi v m ha email hiu qu vi phn mm Hotspot Helper. Phn mm min ph ny t ng m ha tt c lung d liu vo/ra mng Internet v b sung mt tng la ngn cn s truy xut my tnh bt hp php. Hotspot Helper bo v tt c email m khng l thuc tin ch gi nhn email bn ang s dng. Phn mm ny kt hp vi dch v tm hotspot theo yu cu Hotspot Finder cng ca JiWire v min ph s dng trong 10 ngy u tin (ph s dng 25 USD/nm). Dng cha Hotspot 70
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Tuy ph kt ni khng dy khong 5-10USD cho mi ln kt ni nhng bn s khng tn xu no nu bit tm nhng im hotsport cng cng min ph. Hy ti v bng ch dn hotspot trc khi i cng tc. Nhng hotspot min ph hin c sn ti AnchorFree (www.AnchorFree.com) v JiWire cho c min ph v c ph. AnchorFree cn c bn cho iPod v c hai cng ty ny u cho php bn truy cp ch dn trc tuyn ca h bng trnh duyt WAP trn in thoi di ng.
* Bin giao din Windows XP thnh Windows Vista

Trong thi gian ch i Microsoft cho ra mt phin bn chnh thc ca h iu hnh Windows Vista, ngay t by gi bn c th tn hng nhng cm gic "hng ng gi ni" ca Windows Vista vi s tr gip ca phn mm Vista Inspirat.Vista Inspirat l mt gi chng trnh s gip bn bin giao din - vn kh bt mt - ca Windows XP thnh gng mt lng ly hn ca Windows Vista. Phin bn mi nht Vista Inspirat 5.5 c dung lng 27.4 MB, c cung cp hon ton min ph ti a ch sau: http://www.softpedia.com/get/System/OS-Enhancements/Vista-TransformationPack.shtml Sau khi ti v, bn gii nn file Pack_Vista_Inspirat_5.5.rar vo mt th mc no v s dng file Pack_Vista_Inspirat_5.5.exe ci t chng trnh. Trc khi ci t Vista Inspirat, bn phi phc hi giao din ca Windows XP v trng thi nguyn thy ca n. Chng hn, nu my bn ang ci b chuyn i giao din t Windows XP sang Windows Longhorn l Longhorn Transformation Pack th bn phi g n i, cn nu s dng b thay i giao din StyleXP hoc WindowBlinds Enhanced th bn phi chuyn giao din hin hnh tr v Windows Classic. Trong qu trnh ci t, nu chn ch ci y th sau ny giao din ca Windows XP s c thay th hon ton bi giao din ca Windows Vista, tuy nhin chng trnh s "ngn" khong 435 MB dung lng cng ca bn. Nu thy nh vy l hi lng ph, bn c th lc ra nhng thnh phn mnh thch thay i nh: System Files (ton b file v th mc trong h thng), Logon Vista Inspiral (mn hnh ng nhp ca Windows Vista), Internet Explorer (biu tng ca IE), Outlook Express (biu tng ca OE), Windows Media Player (biu tng ca WMP) nhng lu l khng c b chn mc Extras. Trong bc cui cng ca qu trnh ci t, chng trnh s yu cu khi ng li h thng thay i c hiu lc. Ngay khi khi ng li vo Windows XP, chc chn bn s cm thy rt bt ng trc giao din c thit k v trang hong ht sc n tng ca Windows Vista. Tt c biu tng ca tp tin, th mc, a v mt s thnh phn khc trong Start menu, Control Panel c "lm mi". Cu trc sp xp, hin th ca tp tin v th mc trong Windows Explorer cng thay i hon ton. Thanh cng c System Tasks trc y nm pha bn tri ca s Windows Explorer nay chuyn ln pha trn. Giao din vn rt p ca Windows Vista cn c t im thm bi cc "chuyn gia" lm p khc nh: Object Dock (thanh cng c hot cnh nm pha trn mn hnh desktop), Y'Z toolbar (cho php thay i biu tng cc nt bm trn thanh Standard buttons ca Windows Explorer), iColorFolder (gip thay i mu sc ca cc th mc trong h thng), Y'Z shadow (to cc hiu ng phng to, thu nh mi khi bn bm i chut vo mt biu tng bt k). khai thc cc tnh nng tng thm ny, bn vo
71
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menu Start > Programs > BricoPacks > Vista Inspirat hoc c th x l trc tip t khay ng h h thng. Nu cm thy vi mt giao din mc nh Vista Aero l qu t, bn c th ti thm v mt s visual style khc t a ch http://en.crystalxp.net/visualstyles.php. Tm li, vi nhng ai yu chung ci p th Vista Inspirat l mt s la chn khng th b qua.
* Khi ng nhanh Windows

Bn chn Start/Run, sau g vo khung Open dng Regedit, click OK. Sau , bn ln lt m kho sau: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft \Dfrg\BootOptimizeFunction. Bn nhn qua ca s bn phi, double click vo biu tng Enable. Trong khung Value Data, bn thay i gi tr Y thnh gi tr N. Click OK v khi ng li my. Windows XP s khi ng nhanh hn t 5-8 giy ty theo cu hnh my ca bn.
* Cc li thng gp khi khi ng my

128 Not Ok, Parity Disable: Li truc trc RAM, tc RAM khng tng thich vi tc CPU hoc Mainboard co vn . 8024 Gate - A20 Error: Li ban phim (co th do ket phim) lam cho chip iu khin ban phim phat tin hiu lin tuc ln ng ia chi 20 n b vi s ly. Bad or Missing Command Interpreter: Li khng tim thy tp tin lnh cua h iu hanh, thng la COMMAND.COM. Bad Partition Table: Li do ia cng c tao va phn vung partition bng lnh fdisk khng ung. C: Drive Error: Li do cac thng s ia cng khng c khai bao ung trong CMOS. Cmos Battery Stage Low: Li do ht Pin nui mach ng h va CMOS trn mainboard, cung co th do gn Jumper chn xoa CMOS khng ung. Cmos Checksum Failure: Li cho bit cac d liu cua CMOS bi hong, co th do ht Pin nui mach ng h va CMOS. Cmos Display Type Mismatch: Li do khai bao khng ung Card hin thi trong CMOS. 128 Not Ok, Parity Disable: Li truc trc RAM, tc RAM khng tng thich vi tc CPU hoc Mainboard co vn . 8024 Gate - A20 Error: Li ban phim (co th do ket phim) lam cho chip iu khin ban phim phat tin hiu lin tuc ln ng ia chi 20 n b vi s ly. Bad or Missing Command Interpreter: Li khng tim thy tp tin lnh cua h iu hanh, thng la COMMAND.COM. Bad Partition Table: Li do ia cng c tao va phn vung partition bng lnh fdisk khng ung. 72
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C: Drive Error: Li do cac thng s ia cng khng c khai bao ung trong CMOS. Cmos Battery Stage Low: Li do ht Pin nui mach ng h va CMOS trn mainboard, cung co th do gn Jumper chn xoa CMOS khng ung. Cmos Checksum Failure: Li cho bit cac d liu cua CMOS bi hong, co th do ht Pin nui mach ng h va CMOS. Cmos Display Type Mismatch: Li do khai bao khng ung Card hin thi trong CMOS. 128 Not Ok, Parity Disable: Li truc trc RAM, tc RAM khng tng thich vi tc CPU hoc Mainboard co vn . 8024 Gate - A20 Error: Li ban phim (co th do ket phim) lam cho chip iu khin ban phim phat tin hiu lin tuc ln ng ia chi 20 n b vi s ly. Bad or Missing Command Interpreter: Li khng tim thy tp tin lnh cua h iu hanh, thng la COMMAND.COM. Bad Partition Table: Li do ia cng c tao va phn vung partition bng lnh fdisk khng ung. C: Drive Error: Li do cac thng s ia cng khng c khai bao ung trong CMOS. Cmos Battery Stage Low: Li do ht Pin nui mach ng h va CMOS trn mainboard, cung co th do gn Jumper chn xoa CMOS khng ung. Cmos Checksum Failure: Li cho bit cac d liu cua CMOS bi hong, co th do ht Pin nui mach ng h va CMOS. Cmos Display Type Mismatch: Li do khai bao khng ung Card hin thi trong CMOS. RAM Test Address Failure: Li do chip dung ia chi hoa b nh hong, vi cac chip nay c tich hp trn mainboard, nn phai sa hoc thay mianboard. Serial Port Test Failure: Li do cng ni tip va cng song song khng ap ng cac phep th POST. Math Coprocessor Failure: Li do b ng x ly toan hoc bi truc trc. May bao "Thiu File SYSTEM.DAT, SYSTEM.INI, USER.DAT hoc WIN.INI" va sau o la cu "Vui long Setup lai h iu hanh": li nay la do file SYSTEM.DAT, SYSTEM.INI, USER.DAT hoc WIN.INI khng con trong th muc WINDOWS cua h iu hanh. Cach khc phuc: Khi ng lai h iu hanh bng ia khi ng, vao th muc WINDOWS\SYSBCKUP chep file rb00x.cab mi nht (co ngay thang gn nht) ra ia mm, vi x nhn gia tri t 0-5. giai nen file nay va copy nhng file bi thiu vao th muc WINDOWS, ri khi ng lai may tinh. ./.
73
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Mi kin ng gp xin gi v a ch Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn
Tel: 01688 795 090

XIN CHN THNH CM N !
Chc cc bn sa cha & bo tr my tnh thnh cng vi Gio trnh ny ! Thng tin v tc gi: SV: Lm Vn Hu Khoa Ha Hc Trng i Hc ng Thp S: 783 ng Phm Hu Lu, F6 TP. Cao Lnh - T
74

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Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

mt hoan thin hn phuc vu cng ng. Tc gi

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

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* Chn on bnh qua ting bp ca BIOS

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

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Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

* m bo hot ng cho my in Laser

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

* Gim ting n cho my tnh

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

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Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.

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Gio Trnh X L S C My Tnh Email: lamvanhau2007@yahoo.com.vn

KTV: Lm Vn Hu Tel: 01688 795 090.