Khaosat Hamso Onthi Dai Hoc

Kho st hm s
1

th hm s v
cc bi ton lin quan

A. KIN THC CN NH
1. Tnh n iu ca hm s
1.1. nh ngha. Cho hm s f xc nh trn K , vi K l khong, on hay na khong. Khi

f ng bin trn K
( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
, , ( ) ( ) x x K x x f x f x < < .
f nghch bin trn K
( )
1 2 1 2 1 2
, , ( ) ( ) x x K x x f x f x < .
1.2. iu kin cn v
Cho hm s f c o hm trn khong I . Khi
f ng bin trn I 0 ( ) , f x x I v 0 ( ) f x = ch ti mt s im hu hn thuc I .
f nghch bin trn I 0 ( ) , f x x I
v 0 ( ) f x
= ch ti mt s im hu hn thuc I .
f l hm hng trn I 0 ( ) , f x x I = .
2. Cc tr ca hm s
2.1. iu kin cn c cc tr
Cho hm s f c o hm ti
0
x . Nu hm s f t cc tr ti
0
x th
0
0 ( ) f x = .
2.2. iu kin c cc tr
2.2.1. iu kin th nht. Cho hm s f c o hm trn khong ( ; ) a b ,
0
( ; ) x a b . Khi
nu ( ) f x i du khi x qua
0
x th f t cc tr ti
0
x .
x

0
x
x

0
x
( )
f x

0
( )
f x
0
( )
f x

C
( )
f x

C
Kho st hm s
2
2.2.2. iu kin th hai. Cho hm s f c o hm cp mt trn ( ; ) a b cha
0
x ,
0
0 ( ) f x =
v
0
0 ( ) f x . Khi

0
0 ( ) f x < f t cc i ti
0
x ,
0
0 ( ) f x f t cc tiu ti
0
x .
Ch . Ta thng s dng iu kin th hai trong cc bi ton c yu cu lin quan n cc
tr ti nhng im c th cho trc.
2.3. ng thng qua hai im cc tr
2.3.1. Hm s
3 2
( ) y f x ax bx cx d = = 0 ( ) a ,
( )
C
Gi s th
( )
C c hai im cc tr
( )
;
A A
A x y ,
( )
;
B B
B x y . Thc hin php chia a thc ( ) f x cho
( ) f x , ta c ( ) ( ). ( ) f x g x f x x = . Khi ta c
0
( ) ( ). ( )
A A A A A A
y f x g x f x x x
=
= = =
;
0
( ) ( ). ( )
B B B B B B
y f x g x f x x x
=
= = =
.
Suy ra , : A B y x = nn l ng thng qua hai im cc tr ca th
( )
C .
2.3.2. Hm s
2
( )
ax bx c
y f x
dx e

= =
0 ( ) a ,
( )
C
Gi s th
( )
C c hai im cc tr
( )
;
A A
A x y ,
( )
;
B B
B x y . t
2
( ) u x ax bx c = ,
( ) v x dx e = . Khi
2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
u x v x u x v x
f x
v x

=
l
l
l
. Nu f t cc tr ti
0
x th
0 0 0 0
0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) u x v x u x v x =
0 0
0 0
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
u x u x
v x v x
hay
0
0
0
( )
( )
( )
u x
f x
v x
.
Do ta c
2
( )
A
A A
ax b
y f x
d
= = v
2
( )
B
B B
ax b
y f x
d
= = . Suy ra
2
, :
ax b
A B y
d
=
nn l ng thng qua hai im cc tr ca th
( )
C .
Ch . Ta thng s dng thut ton ng thng qua hai im cc tr i vi cc bi ton lin
quan n gi tr cc tr hay im cc tr ca th hm s.
3. Gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht
0 0
, ( )
max ( )
, ( )
x
x f x M
M f x
x f x M
'
1
1
=
!
1 =
1
+
D
D
D

0 0
, ( )
min ( )
, ( )
x
x f x m
m f x
x f x m
'
1
1
=
!
1 =
1
+
D
D
D
.
Nu ( ) y f x = ng bin trn [ ; ] a b th
[ ; ]
min ( ) ( )
x a b
f x f a
= v
[ ; ]
max ( ) ( )
x a b
f x f b
= .
Nu ( ) y f x = nghch bin trn [ ; ] a b th
[ ; ]
min ( ) ( )
x a b
f x f b
= v
[ ; ]
max ( ) ( )
x a b
f x f a
= .
4. Tim cn
ng thng
0
x x = c gi l tim cn ng ca th hm s ( ) y f x = nu t nht mt
trong cc iu kin sau c tha mn
0
lim ( )
x x
f x
= ;
0
lim ( )
x x
f x
= ;
0
lim ( )
x x
f x
= ;
0
lim ( )
x x
f x
= .
ng thng
0
y y = c gi l tim cn ngang ca th hm s ( ) y f x = nu
Kho st hm s
3
0
lim ( )
x
f x y
= hoc
0
lim ( )
x
f x y
= .
ng thng y ax b = 0 ( ) a c gi l tim cn xin ca th hm s ( ) y f x = nu
0 lim [ ( ) ( )]
x
f x ax b
= hoc 0 lim [ ( ) ( )]
x
f x ax b
= .
5. Mt s bi ton lin quan n th hm s
5.1. Tm im c nh ca mt h th. Cho hm s ( , ) y f x m = , ( )
m
C . Khi h ( )
m
C
qua im c nh
( )
0 0
; M x y
0 0
( , ), y f x m m =

1
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
0 ( ; ) ( ; ) ... ( ; ) ,
k k
k k
g x y m g x y m g x y m
=

0 0
1 0 0
0 0 0
0
0
0
( ; )
( ; )
......................
( ; )
k
k
g x y
g x y
g x y
'
1 =
1
1
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
1
1
=
1
1+
.
5.2. V tr tng i gia hai th. Cho hm s ( ) y f x = , ( ) C v hm s ( ) y g x = , ( ) C
.
Giao im ca hai th
iu kin hai th tip xc nhau
( ) C v ( ) C tip xc nhau
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
f x g x
f x g x
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
c nghim.
5.3. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th hm s
Bi ton Cch gii
Tip tuyn ti im thuc th
Cho ( ) C : ( ) y f x = v
( )
0 0
; ( ) M x y C . Vit
phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) C ti M .
p dng cng thc
0 0 0
( )( ) y y f x x x = .
Tip tuyn qua im cho trc
Cho ( ) C : ( ) y f x = v im
( )
;
A A
A x y . Vit
phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) C qua A.
Cch 1. Gi d l ng thng qua
( )
;
A A
A x y v
c h s gc k : ( )
A A
y k x x y = . Dng iu
kin tip xc 5.2 xc nh k .
Cch 2. Pttt d ti im
( )
0 0
; M x y bt k:
0 0 0
( )( ) y y f x x x = . V d qua A nn
0 0 0
( )( )
A A
y y f x x x = . T y suy ra
0
x .
Tip tuyn c h s gc cho trc
Cho hm s ( ) y f x = , ( ) C . Vit phng
trnh tip tuyn d ca ( ) C bit tip d c h
s gc k .
Pttt d ca
( )
C ti
( )
0 0
; M x y bt k:
0 0 0
( )( ) y y f x x x = . V d c h s gc k nn
suy ra
0
( ) f x k = . T y suy ra
0
x .
5.4. th ca hm s cha gi tr tuyt i
S giao im ca ( ) C v ( ) C l s nghim ca phng trnh honh giao im ( ) ( ) f x g x = .
Kho st hm s
4
Hm s th
T th
( )
C : ( ) y f x = ,
hy v th
( )
1
C : ( ) y f x = .
Do
0
0
( ), ( )
( )
( ), ( )
f x f x
f x
f x f x
'
1
1
=
!
1 <
1
+
nn ta v th
( )
1
C nh sau
Gi li phn th
( )
a
C ca
( )
C khng nm pha di trc
Ox .
Ly i xng phn th cn li ca
( )
C qua trc Ox , ta
c phn th
( )
b
C . Khi
( ) ( ) ( )
1 a b
C C C = .
T th
( )
C : ( ) y f x = ,
hy v th
( )
2
C :
( )
y f x = .
Ta c
( )
( )
( )
0
0
,
,
f x x
f x
f x x
'
1

1
1
=
!
1
<
1
1+
v
( )
f x l hm chn nn th
i xng qua trc tung. Do ta v th
( )
1
C nh sau
Gi phn th
( )
a
C ca
( )
C khng nm bn tri trc Oy.
Ly i xng phn th cn li ca
( )
C qua trc Oy, ta
c phn th
( )
b
C . Khi
( ) ( ) ( )
2 a b
C C C = .
T th
( )
C : ( ) y f x = ,
hy v th
( )
3
C :
( )
y f x = .
Ta thc hin nh sau
V th ca hm s
( )
y f x = .
V th ca hm s
( )
y f x = .
T th
( ) ( ) ( )
: . C y u x v x = , hy v
th
( )
4
C : ( ). ( ) y u x v x = .
V
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
0
0
. ,
. ,
u x v x v x
u x v x
u x v x v x
'
1

1
1
=
!
1
<
1
1+
, nn ta v
( )
4
C nh sau
Gi li phn th
( )
a
C ca ( ) C

ng vi
( )
0 u x .
Ly phn i xng phn th cn li ca
( )
C qua trc
honh, ta c
( )
b
C . Khi
( ) ( ) ( )
4 a b
C C C = .
6. Mt s kin thc khc lin quan
6.1. Cc vn lin quan n nh l v du ca tam thc bc hai
6.1.1. nh l v du ca tam thc bc hai
Cho tam thc bc hai
2
( ) f x ax bx c = 0 ( ) a . Khi ta c 3 trng hp
0 <
x
f(x) cng du vi a
0 =
x
0
2
b
x
a
=
f(x) cng du vi a 0 cng du vi a
0
x
1
x
2
x
f(x) cng du a 0 tri du a 0 cng du a
Kho st hm s
5
6.1.2. iu kin tam thc khng i du trn R
Cho tam thc
2
( ) f x ax bx c = 0 ( ) a . Khi ta c

0
0
0
( ) , f x x
a
'
1 <
1

!
1
1
+
R
0
0
0
( ) , f x x
a
'
1 <
1
<
!
1 <
1
+
R .

0
0
0
( ) , f x x
a
'
1
1

!
1
1
+
R
0
0
0
( ) , f x x
a
'
1
1

!
1 <
1
+
R .
6.1.3. So snh cc nghim ca mt phng trnh bc hai vi mt s thc cho trc
Xt phng trnh bc hai
( )
2
0 f x ax bx c = = (1) v mt s thc cho trc. Khi
(1) c hai nghim
1 2
, x x tha mn
1 2
0 x x < < 0 P < .
(1) c hai nghim
1 2
, x x tha mn
1 2
0 x x < <
0
0
0
P
S
'
1

1
1
1

!
1
1
1
1
+
.
(1) c hai nghim
1 2
, x x tha mn
1 2
0 x x < <
0
0
0
P
S
'
1

1
1
1

!
1
1
< 1
1
+
.
(1) c hai nghim
1 2
, x x tha mn
1 2
x x < <
( )
0
0
2
af
S
'
1
1
1

1
1
1

!
1
1
1
1
<
1
1
+
.
(1) c hai nghim
1 2
, x x tha mn
1 2
x x < <
( )
0
0
2
af
S
'
1
1
1

1
1
1

!
1
1
1
1

1
1
+
.
(1) c hai nghim
1 2
, x x tha mn
1 2
x x < < . t t x = , phng trnh (1) tr
thnh
( )
0 g t = (2), ta cn phi c
(2) c hai nghim
1 2
, t t tha mn
1 2
0 t t < < 0 P < .
6.1.4. Lin h v s nghim gia phng trnh trng phng v phng trnh bc hai
tng ng
Cho phng trnh trng phng
4 2
0 ax bx c = (1). t
2
t x = , phng trnh (1) tr thnh
2
0 at bt c = (2). Khi
(1) v nghim

0
0 0 0 , , P S
<
<
.
(1) c mt nghim (2) c nghim
1 2
0 t t =
0
0
P
S
'
1 =
1
!
1
1
+
.
(1) c hai nghim

0 0
0
, S
P
<
.
(2) v nghim
(2) c nghim
1 2
0 t t <
(2) c nghim
1 2
0 t t =
(2) c nghim
1 2
0 t t < <

Kho st hm s
6
(1) c ba nghim(2) c nghim
1 2
0 t t = <
0
0
P
S
'
1 =
1
!
1
1
+
.
(1) c bn nghim(2) c nghim
1 2
0 t t < <
0
0
0
P
S
'
1

1
1
1

!
1
1
1
1
+
.
6.2. Gc gia hai ng thng
Cho hai ng thng
1 1 1 1
0 : a x b y c = v
2 2 2 2
0 : a x b y c = . Khi
1
v
2
to vi
nhau mt gc th
1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
cos
a a bb
a b a b

=

.
c bit

1
song song
2

1 1 1
2 2 2
a b c
a b c
=
1
vung gc
2

1 2
1 2
1 2
1 .
k k
a a
b b
1

=

( )
.
6.3. Khong cch
6.3.1. Khong cch gia hai im
Khong cch gia hai im ( ; )
A A
A x y v ( ; )
B B
B x y l
2 2
( ) ( )
B A B A
AB x x y y = .
6.3.2. Khong cch t mt im ti mt ng thng
Khong cch t im ( ; )
M M
M x y ti 0 : ax by c = l
2 2
( , )
M M
ax by c
d M
a b

=
.
B. MT S DNG TON V V D C LI GII
1. Tnh n iu ca hm s
Dng ton 1. Tm cc gi tr ca tham s hm s n iutrn mt khong cho trc

Bi 1. Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s
( )
3 2
1
3 2 1
3
y x mx m x = ng bin trn khong
( )
1 2 ; .
Gii
Cch 1. Phng php th hm s
Yu cu bi ton
( )
2
2 3 2 0 1 2 , ; y x mx m x =

2
2 3 2 0 1 2 , ; y x mx m x
l
=
l
l
(v y lin tc ti 1 x = v 2 x = )

( )
2
2
1 2
2 3
, ;
x
g x m
x
l
=
l
l
hay
( )
1 2 ;
min
x
g x m
l
l
l
.
Ta c
( )
( )
2
2
2 6 4
2 3
x x
g x
x

;
( )
1 1 2
0
2 1 2
;
;
x
g x
x
l
=
l
l
=

l
=
l
l
, v
( )
1
1
5
g = ,
( )
2
2
7
g = .
Do
( ) ( )
1 2
1
1
5
;
min
x
g x g
l
l
l
= = . Vy cc gi tr ca m cn tm l
1
5
m .
Cch 2. Phng php tam thc bc hai
Kho st hm s
7
Yu cu bi ton
( ) ( )
2
2 3 2 0 1 2 , ; y f x x mx m x = = . iu ny xy ra nu mt
trong hai iu kin sau y c tha mn
i.
2
2 3 2 0 y x mx m x = R, tc l
2
3 2 0 1 2 m m m
= .
ii.
( )
0 f x = c hai nghim
1 2
, x x tha mn
1 2
1 x x < hoc
1 2
2 x x < .
Trng hp 1.
( )
0 f x = c hai nghim
1 2
, x x tha mn
1 2
1 x x < , ta c
( )
2
3 2 0
1 5 1 0
1
2
m m
af m
S
m
'
1
1
1 =
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1
1
= <
1
1
+

1 2
1
1 1
5
5
2
1
m m
m
m
m
m
'
1 <
1

1
1

<
1
1

!
1
1
1

1
1
1+
.
Trng hp 2.
( )
0 f x = c hai nghim
1 2
, x x tha mn
1 2
2 x x < < , ta c
( )
2
3 2 0
2 7 2 0
2
2
m m
af m
S
m
'
1
1
1 =
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1
1
=
1
1
+
1 2
2
7
2
m m
m m
m
'
1 <
1
1
1
1
1

!
1
1
1
<
1
1
1+
.
Kt hp cc trng hp trn ta c cc gi tr m cn tm l
1
5
m .
( ) ( )
3 2 2
1
2 1 9 9 2
3
y x m x m m x = ng bin
trn khong
( )
1 ; .
Gii
Hm s cho ng bin trn khong
( )
1 ; khi v ch khi
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 2 1 9 9 0 1 ; y f x x m x m m x
= = .
iu ny xy ra khi v ch khi mt trong hai iu kin sau c tha mn
i.
( )
0 f x x R
2
8
3 5 8 0 1
3
m m m = .
ii.
( )
0 f x = c hai nghim
1 2
, x x tha mn
1 2
1 x x < , tng ng vi
( )
( )
2
2
8
1
3 5 8 0
3
1 5 8 0
0
2 1 1
2
m
m m
af m m m
S m
m
' '
1 1
1 1
< <
1 1 =
1 1
1 1
1 1
=
! !
1 1
1 1
< 1 1
1 1
=
1 1
1 1
+ +
R
8
3
m < .
Kt hp cc trng hp trn, ta c cc gi tr m cn tm l 1 m .
( ) ( )
3 2
1
2 1 1 2 1
3
y x m x m x m =
a. ng bin trn R,
b. ng bin trn
)
1;
,
c. nghch bin trn khong
( )
0 1 ; .
Gii
Kho st hm s
8
Ta c
( ) ( )
2
2 2 1 1 y f x x m x m = = .
a. Hm s ng bin trn R khi v ch khi
( )
2
2 2 1 1 0 y x m x m x = R . Khi
( )
2
2 1 1 0 0 5 m m m = .
Vy cc gi tr ca m cn tm l 0 5 m .
b. Hm s cho ng bin trn
)
1;
khi v ch khi
)
0 1; y x

. iu ny tng
ng vi
( ) )
2
2
1
4 1
;
x x
g x m x
x

hay
)
( )
1;
max
x
g x m
.
Ta c
( )
( )
2
2
4 2 2
4 1
x x
g x
x

;
( )
)
)
1 1
0
1
1
2
;
;
x
g x
x

=

=

=

.
Bng bin thin
x 1
( )
g x

( )
g x 1
5

0
Ta thy
)
( ) ( )
1
1
1
5
;
max
x
g x g
= = . Do ta c
1
5
m . Vy cc gi tr m cn tm l
1
5
m .
c. Yu cu bi ton
( )
0 0 1 ; y x 0 0 1 ; y x
l

l
l
(v y
lin tc ti 0 x = v 1 x = )

( )
2
2
0 1
4 1
, ;
x x
g x m x
x

l
=
l
l
, tc l
( )
0 1 ;
min
x
g x m
l
l
l
.
Ta c
( )
1 0 1
0
1
0 1
2
;
;
x
g x
x
l
=
l
l
=
l
=
l
l
;
( )
0 0 g = ;
1 1
2 4
g
1

=

( )
v
( )
1
1
5
g = .
Do
( ) ( )
0 1
0 0
;
min
x
g x g
l
l
l
= = nn cc gi tr m cn tm l 0 m .
( )
2
2 1 1
2
x m x
y
x

=
nghch bin trn khong

( )
0 1 ; .
Gii
Hm s nghch bin trn khong
( )
0 1 ; khi v ch khi
( )
( )
2
2
4 4 3
0 0 1
2
;
x x m
y x
x

, tng
ng vi
( ) ( )
2
4 4 3 0 0 1 ; g x x x m x = . V g lin tc ti 0 x = v ti 1 x = nn
( )
2
4 4 3 0 0 1 ; g x x x m x
l
=
l
l
hay
( )
0 1
0
;
min
x
g x
l
l
l
.
Ta c
( )
2 4 0 2 0 1 ; g x x x
l
= = =
l
l
;
( )
0 4 3 g m = v
( )
1 4 6 g m = .
Suy ra
( ) ( )
0 1
1 4 6
;
min
x
g x g m
l
l
l
= = . Do cc gi tr ca m cn tm l
3
2
m .
( )
2
1 2 1
2
x m x m
y
x m

=
ng bin trn khong

( )
1; .
Gii
Kho st hm s
9
Hm s nghch bin trn khong
( )
1;
( )
( )
2 2
2
4 2 1
0 1;
x mx m
y x
x m

, hay
( ) ( )
2 2
4 2 1 0 1
1
; g x x mx m x
m
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
1+
Ta thy
2
6 1 0
g
m m = R nn
( )
0, g x x R . Do cc gi tr m cn tm l 1 m .
Dng ton 2. Tm cc gi tr ca tham s hm s c cc tr tha mn iu kin s cho trc

3 2
1
2
3
y x mx mx = c hai cc tr
1 2
, x x tha mn
1 2
4 x x .
Gii
Hm s cho c hai cc tr
1 2
, x x
2
2 3 0 y x mx m
= = c hai nghim phn bit

1 2
, x x

2
0
3 0
3
m
m m
m
<
(1).
Khi
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
4 16 4 16 0 x x x x x x x x (2).
Theo nh l Viet ta c
1 2
1 2
2
3
x x m
x x m
'
1 =
1
!
1 =
1
+
nn (2)
2
1
4 12 16 0
4
m
m m
m
(3)
Kt hp (1) v (3) ta tm c cc gi tr m tha mn yu cu bi ton l 1 m hoc 4 m .
( )
3 2
1 1 50
2 1 1
3 2 9
y x m x x = c hai cc tr
1 2
, x x
tha mn
1 2
2 x x = .
Gii
Hm s cho cc hai cc tr
( )
2
50
2 1 0
9
y x m x = = c hai nghim phn bit
1 2
, x x

( )
2
50
2 1 4 0
9
. m =
3 10 2
6
3 10 2
6
m
m
<
(1)
Ta c
1 2
2 x x = nn theo nh l Viet, ta c
1 2
2 1 x x m =
2
2 1
3
m
x

= .
Khi
1 2
50
9
x x =
2
2
2
3
50 2 1 50
2 2
2 9 3 9
m
m
x
m
1 =

= =

=
( )

.
Hai gi tr va tm c ca m u tha mn (1) nn 3 m = v 2 m = tha yu cu bi ton.
( ) ( )
3 2
1 1
4 2 5 1
3 2
y x m x m x = tha mn
a. c hai cc tr ln hn 1 ;
b. c ng mt cc tr ln hn 1 ;
c. c t nht mt cc tr ln hn
3
2
;
Kho st hm s
10
d. c hai cc tr nh hn 4;
e. c mt cc trong khong
( )
3 5 ; ;
f. khng c cc tr.
Gii
Ta c
( )
2
4 2 5 y x m x m = ;
2
4 5
0
2
x x
y m
x

= =
.
Xt hm s
( )
2
4 5
2
x x
g x
x

=
;
( )
( )
2
2
4 3
2
x x
g x
x

;
( )
1
0
3
x
g x
x
.
Bng bin thin
x 1 1
3
2

2 3 4 5
( )
g x

( )
g x

10
3

2
5
2

2

5
2

10
3

V nghim ca phng trnh 0 y
= cng chnh l honh giao im ca y m = v

( )
y g x =
nn t bng bin thin ca hm s
( )
y g x = ta thy
a. Hm s c hai cc tr ln hn 1
10
2
3
m < < hoc 2 m .
b. Hm s c ng mt cc tr ln hn 1
10
3
m .
c. Hm s c t nht mt cc tr ln hn
3
2
5
2
m < hoc 2 m .
d. Hm s c hai cc tr nh hn 4 2 m < hoc
5
2
2
m < < .
e. Hm s c mt cc trong khong
( )
3 5 ;
10
2
3
m < < .
f. Hm s khng c cc tr 2 2 m .
( )
4 2
1 2 1 y x m x m = c ba cc tr.
Gii
Hm s c ba cc tr
( )
2
2 2 1 0 y x x m
= = c ba nghim phn bit

2
2 1 0 x m = c hai nghim phn bit khc 0

( )
2 1 0
3 0
m
m
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
1
1+
1
3
m
m
'
1
1
!
1
1
+
.
Bi 10. Tm cc gi tr ca m th hm s
2
4 2
6
2
m
y x mx = c ba im cc tr
, , A B C (trong im A thuc trc tung) sao cho t gic ABOC l hnh bnh hnh.
Gii
Kho st hm s
11
Hm s cho c ba cc tr
( )
2
2 2 0 y x x m
= = c ba nghim phn bit

2
2 0 x m = c hai nghim phn bit khc 0
0 m < .
Vi 0 x = ta c
2
6
2
m
y = nn
2
0 6
2
;
m
A
1

( )
. Hai nghim cn li ca 0 y = l
2
m
x

= .
Ta u c
2
3
6
2 4
m m
y
1

( )
v c th gi s
2
3
6
2 4
;
m m
B
1

( )
v
2
3
6
2 4
;
m m
C
1

( )
.
Khi
2
2 4
;
m m
BA
1

( )
,
v
2
3
6
2 4
;
m m
OC
1

( )
,
.
Yu cu bi ton BA OC =
, ,
2
2 2
2 2
6 6
3
6
4 4
m m
m m
m m
'
1
1
1 =
1
1
= =
!
1
1
= 1
1
1+
(v 0 m < )
2
3 1
2
mx mx
y
x

=
c hai im cc tr nm v
hai pha trc tung.
Gii
Ta c
( )
2
2
4 6 1
2
mx mx m
y
x

.
Hm s cho c hai cc tr
2
4 6 1 0 mx mx m = (1) c hai nghim phn bit khc 2

2
0
2 0
2 1 0
m
m m
m
'
1

1
1
1

=
!
1
1
1
1
+
1
0
2
m < < (2).
Khi gi
1 2
, x x l cc nghim ca phng trnh (1). Yu cu bi ton tng ng vi

1 2
0 x x <
6 1 1
0 0
6
m
m
m
< < < (tha mn (2)).

( ) ( )
3 2
3 1 3 1 1 y x m x m x = c hai im
cc tr, ng thi ng thng ni hai im cc tr i qua im
( )
0 3 ; A .
Gii
Hm s cho c hai cc tr khi v ch khi
( ) ( )
2
3 6 1 3 1 0 y x m x m = = c hai nghim
phn bit. iu ny xy ra khi
( )( )
1
1 2 0
2
m
m m
m
<
(1).
Gi
( )
1 1 1
; M x y v
( )
2 2 2
; M x y l cc im cc tr. Thc hin php chia a thc y cho y
, ta c
( )( )
2
1 1
2 1 2 2
3 3
m
y x y m m x m m
1

( )
.
Kho st hm s
12
V
1 2
, x x l nghim ca phng trnh 0 y
= nn ta c
( )( )
2
1 1
2 1 2 2 y m m x m m = v
( )( )
2
2 2
2 1 2 2 y m m x m m = . Do
1
M ,
2
:
m
M d
( )( )
2
2 1 2 2 y m m x m m = ,
v nh vy
m
d l ng thng i qua hai im cc tr
1
M v
2
M .
Ta c
( )
2
1
0 3 2 3 0
3
;
m
m
A d m m
m
(tha mn iu kin (1)). Vy cc gi tr

m cn tm l 1 m = v 3 m = .
3 2
1
3 3
m
y x mx x = c hai im cc tr nm
cng pha i vi ng thng 2 : y x = .
Gii
Hm s c hai cc tr
2
2 1 0 y x mx = = c hai nghim phn bit

2
1 0 m = hay 1 m (1).
Vi iu kin (1), ta gi
( )
1 1 1
; M x y v
( )
2 2 2
; M x y l cc im cc tr. Thc hin php chia y cho
y c
( )
2
1 1 2
1
3 3 3
y x m y m x
1

=

( )
(2)
V
1 2
, x x l cc nghim ca phng trnh 0 y = nn t (2) ta suy ra
( )
2
1 1
2
1
3
y m x = v
( )
2
2 2
2
1
3
y m x = . Cc im
( )
1 1 1
; M x y v
( )
2 2 2
; M x y nm cng pha i vi 2 0 : x y =
tng ng vi

( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 2 2
2 2
2 1 2 1 0
3 3
. x m x x m x
l l
l l

l l
l l

( )
2
2
1 2
4 0 m x x
( )
2
2
4 0 m hay 2 m (3).
Kt hp (1) v (3) ta c cc gi tr m cn tm l 1 m v 2 m .
3 2
1
3
y x x mx m = c cc i v cc tiu, ng thi
khong cch gia hai im cc tr bng 2 15 .
Gii
Hm s c cc i v cc tiu
2
2 0 y x x m
= = c hai nghim phn bit

1 0 m = hay 1 m < (1).
Vi iu kin (1), ta gi
( )
1 1 1
; M x y v
( )
2 2 2
; M x y l cc im cc tr. Thc hin php chia a thc
y cho y c
( ) ( )
1 2 2
1 1
3 3 3
y x y m x m = (2).
V
1 2
, x x l cc nghim ca phng trnh 0 y
= nn t (2) ta suy ra
( )
1 1
2 2
1
3 3
y m x m = v
( )
2 2
2 2
1
3 3
y m x m = .
Kho st hm s
13
Ta c
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 2 1 2 1
2 15 M M x x y y = =
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 1 2
4
1 1 4 60
9
m x x x x
l
l
l
=
l
l
l
l
l

( )
2
4
1 1 4 4 60
9
m m
l
l l
=
l
l l
l

3 2
4 12 21 122 0 m m m =
( )( )
2
2 4 20 60 0 m m m =
2 m = (v
2
4 20 60 0 m m m R).
Ta thy gi tr 2 m = tha mn iu kin (1) nn 2 m = l gi tr cn tm.
2
3
1
x mx
y
x

=
c hai im cc tr cch u
ng thng 2 0 : x y = .
Gii
Hm s c hai cc tr
( )
2
2
2 3
0
1
x x m
y
x

= =
c hai nghim phn bit

2
2 3 0 x x m = c hai nghim phn bit khc 1

4 0
4
4 0
m
m
m
'
1 =
1

!
1
1
+
(1).
Khi , ta gi
( )
1 1 1
; M x y v
( )
2 2 2
; M x y l cc im cc tr.
t
( )
2
3 u x x mx = ;
( )
1 v x x = th
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
u x v x u x v x
y
v x

=
l
l
l
.
V
1
x l nghim ca phng trnh 0 y
= nn
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
0
u x u x
u x v x u x v x
v x v x
= =
,
tc l
1 1
2 y x m = . Tng t
2 2
2 y x m = .
Do
1 2
, M M cch u nn
1 1 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
x x m x x m
=

( ) ( )
1 2 1 2
3 3 2 4 0 x x x x m
l
=
l
l

( )
1 2
3 2 4 0 x x m = (v
1 2
x x )
3 2 2 4 0 . m =
2 m = (tha mn iu kin (1)).
Vy 2 m = l gi tr cn tm.
Dng ton 3. Cc bi ton lin quan n tip tuyn ca th hm s

Bi 16. Cho hm s
3 2
1
1
3
y x x x = c th
( )
C v ba im
( ) ( )
22 27
1 1 0 2
5 5
; , ; , ; A B C
1

( )
.
Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th
( )
C bit rng giao im ca v ng thng
1 : d y x = l trng tm ca tam gic ABC .
Kho st hm s
14
Gii
Ta c
2
2 1 y x x
= . Phng trnh tip tuyn ca

( )
C ti im
( )
0 0
; x y c dng

( )
2
3 2
0 0 0
2
1 1
3
y x x x x = .
Honh giao im G ca v d l nghim ca phng trnh

( )
2
3 2
0 0 0
2
1 1 1
3
x x x x x =
( )
( )
2
0 0
0 0
0
2 3
0 2
3 2
;
x x
x x x
x
(1).
Tung giao im tng ng l
( )
( )
2
0 0
0
2 3 3
3 2
x x
y
x

=
, nn
( )
( )
( )
2
2
0 0
0 0
0 0
2 3 3
2 3
3 2 3 2
;
x x
x x
G
x x
1

( )
.
im G l trng tm ca tam gic ABC
( )
( )
( )
2
0 0
0
2
0 0
0
22
1 0
2 3
9
5
3 5 3 2
27
1 2
2 3 3
14
5
3 5 3 2
x x
x
x x
x
'
1
1

1

1
1
= =
1
1

1
1
!
1
1

1
1
1
= =
1
1

1
1+
.
Gii h phng trnh trn ta c
0
3 x = hoc
0
9
5
x = . C hai gi tr ny u tha mn iu
kin phng trnh (1).
Vi
0
3 x = hoc
0
9
5
x = ta c cc tip tuyn cn tm l 16 26 y x = v
16 206
25 125
y x = .
Bi 17. Cho hm s
( )
3 2
1
2 3 1 1
3
y x mx m x = c th
( )
m
C . Vit phng trnh tip
tuyn ca
( )
m
C ti im c honh bng 1. Tm cc gi tr ca m giao im ca v
2 : d y x = cch u cc trc ta .
Gii
Ta c
2
4 3 1 y x mx m
= ;
( )
1 7 y m = v
( )
1
1 5
3
y m = .
Phng trnh tip tuyn ca
( )
m
C ti
1
1 5
3
; m
1

( )
l
1
7 2
3
y mx m = .
Honh giao im ca v d l nghim ca phng trnh

1
7 2 2
3
mx m x =
( )
6 1
3 7 2
m
x
m
.
Tung giao im tng ng l
( )
12 2
3 7 2
m
y
m
. Giao im ca v d cch u hai trc ta

khi v ch khi

( ) ( )
6 1 12 2
3 7 2 3 7 2
m m
m m

=

2
7
6 1 12 2
6 1 12 2
m
m m
m m
'
1
1

1
1
1
!
=
1
1
1
= 1
1
+
2
7
1
6
m
m
'
1
1

1
1
1
!
1
1
=
1
1
1+
1
6
m = .
Kho st hm s
15
Bi 18. Cho hm s
2
1
x
y
x
c th
( )
C . Gi I l giao im ca hai ng tim cn ca
( )
C . Chng minh rng mt tip tuyn bt k vi
( )
C lun ct hai tim cn ti hai im , A B sao
cho tam gic IAB c din tch khng i.
Gii
Trc ht ta thy

1
lim
x
y
= v
1
lim
x
y
= nn
( )
C c tim cn ng l
1
1 : x = .
1 lim
x
y
= v
1
1 lim
x
y

= nn
( )
C c tim cn ngang l
2
1 : y = .
Do giao im ca
1
v
2
l
( )
1 1 ; I .
Ta c
( )
2
3
1
y
x
. Phng trnh d tip tuyn vi

( )
C ti im
( )
0 0
; x y c dng

( )
( )
0
0 2
0
0
2
3
1
1
x
y x x
x
x
hay
( ) ( )
2
0 0
2 2
0 0
4 2
3
1 1
x x
y x
x x

=

.
Vi 1 x = th
( )
2
0 0
2
0
4 5
1
x x
y
x

=
nn
( )
2
0 0
2
0
4 5
1
1
;
x x
A
x
1

( )
l giao im ca d v
1
.
Vi 1 y = th x =
0
2 1 x x = nn
( )
0
2 1 1 ; B x l giao im ca d v
2
.
Khi
0
6
1
IA
x
=
v
0
2 1 IB x = nn din tch tam gic IAB l

0
0
1 1 6
2 1 6
2 2 1
. . .
IAB
S IAIB x
x
= = =
(khng i) (ccm).
Bi 19. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th
( )
C hm s
2
2
x
y
x
, bit tip tuyn ct Ox v

Oy ln lt ti A v B sao cho tam gic OAB vung cn.
Gii
Ta c
( )
2
4
2
y
x
. Phng trnh tip tuyn vi

( )
C ti im
( )
0 0
; M x y ,
( )
0
2 x c dng
d :
( )
( )
0
0 2
0
0
2
4
2
2
x
y x x
x
x
.
Do tip tuyn d ct Ox v Oy ln lt ti A v B sao cho tam gic OAB vung cn nn d vung
gc vi mt trong cc ng thng
1
: y x = hoc
2
: y x = .
Nu
1
d th
( )
2
0
4
1
2 x
( )
2
0
0
0
4
2 4
0
x
x
x
.
Vi
0
0 x = ta c tip tuyn 1 y x = .
Vi
0
4 x = ta c tip tuyn 7 y x = .
Nu
2
d th
( )
2
0
4
1
2 x
. Phng trnh ny v nghim.

Vy c hai tip tuyn tha mn yu cu bi ton l 1 y x = v 7 y x = .
Kho st hm s
16
( )
C ca hm s
3 2
3 1 y x x = , bit tip tuyn
i qua im
( )
2 3 ; A .
Gii
Gi
k
d l ng thng i qua im
( )
2 3 ; A v c h s gc k th
( )
2 3 :
k
d y k x = .
Khi ,
k
d tip xc vi
( )
C
( )
3 2
2
3 1 2 3 1
3 6 2
( )
( )
x x k x
x x k
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
c nghim.
Thay (2) vo (1), ta c
( )( )
3 2 2
3 1 3 6 2 3 x x x x x =

3 2
2 9 12 4 0 x x x =
2
1
2
x
x
.
Vi 2 x = , thay vo (2) c 0 k = , ta c tip tuyn 3 :
k
d y = .
Vi
1
2
x = , thay vo (2) c
9
4
k = , ta c tip tuyn
9 3
4 2
:
k
d y x = .
( )
C ca hm s
3
3 1 y x x = , bit tip tuyn
to vi ng thng 3 : y x = mt gc sao cho
5
41
cos = .
Gii
Gi s tip tuyn d cn tm c h s gc k . Cc VTPT ca d v ln lt l
( )
1 ;
d
n k =
,
v
( )
1 1 ; n
=
,
. Tip tuyn d to vi mt gc sao cho
5
41
cos =
2
1
5
41 2 1
k
k

( ) ( )
2
2
41 1 50 1 k k =

2
9 82 9 0 k k =
9
1
9
k
k
.
Vi 9 k = ta c
( )
2
0 0
3 3 9 f x x = =
0
2 x = . Cc tip tuyn ca
( )
C ti
0
2 x = v
0
2 x = ln lt c phng trnh 9 15 y x = v 9 17 y x = .
Vi
1
9
k = ta c
( )
2
0 0
1
3 3
9
f x x = =
0
2 21
9
x = . Cc tip tuyn ca
( )
C ti
0
2 21
9
x = c phng trnh
1 243 112 21
9 243
y x

= .
Dng ton 4. Tm cc gi tr ca tham s giao im th hm s v ng thng tha mn
iu kin cho trc

Bi 22. Tm cc gi tr ca m ng thng :
m
d y mx m = ct th
( )
2
2 1
1
:
x x
C y
x

=

ti hai im phn bit , A B sao cho tam gic ABC vung ti nh
( )
1 2 ; C .
Kho st hm s
17
Gii
ng thng
m
d ct
( )
C ti hai im phn bit
2
2 1
1
x x
mx m
x

=
c hai nghim phn

bit, tc l

( ) ( )
2
1 2 1 1 0 m x m x m = (1) c hai nghim phn bit khc 1
( ) ( )( )
( )
2
1 0
1 1 1 0
1 2 1 1 0
m
m m m
m m m
'
1
1
1
1
1
= !
1
1
1

1
1+
1
1 1
m
m m
m
'
1

1
1
1
< <
!
1
1
1
1
+
R
.
Vi iu kin , gi
1 2
, x x l cc nghim ca phng trnh (1); cc giao im ca
m
d v
( )
C l
( )
1 1
; A x mx m ,
( )
2 2
; B x mx m .
Ta c
( )
1 1
1 1 ; CA x mx m =
,
;
( )
2 2
1 1 ; CB x mx m =
,
.
ABC vung ti nh C 0 . CACB =
, ,
( )( ) ( )( )
1 2 1 2
1 1 1 1 0 x x mx m mx m =

( ) ( )
( )
( )
2
2
1 2 1 2
1 1 2 2 1 0 m x x m m x x m
l
=
l
l

( ) ( ) ( )
2
2
1
1 2 1 2 2 1 0
1
.
m
m m m m
m
l
=
l
l

( )
2 2 1 0 m m = 0 m = (v 1 m < ).
Bi 23. Cho hm s
( ) ( )
3 2
3 1 3 1,
m
y x m x x C = . Tm cc gi tr ca m ng thng
1 : d y x = ct
( )
m
C ti ba im phn bit
( )
0 1 ; ; ; A B C sao cho 5 2 AC = .
Gii
Giao im ca
( )
m
C v d c honh l nghim ca phng trnh
( )
3 2
3 1 3 1 1 x m x x x = (1)

( ) ( )
2
3 1 4 0 x x m x =
( )
2
0
3 1 4 0 2 ( )
x
x m x
.
( )
m
C v d c 3 giao im (1) c 3 nghim phn bit
(2) c hai nghim phn bit khc 0

( )
( )
2
9 18 25 0
3 0
m m m
m
'
1
=
1
1
!
1

1
1+
R
R
.
Gi s
( )
1 1
1 ; A x x v
( )
2 2
1 ; C x x th
2
50 AC =
( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
2 1 2 1
1 1 50 x x x x
l
=
l
l

( )
2
2 1
25 x x =

( )
2
1 2 1 2
4 25 x x x x =

( )
2
9 1 16 25 m =
0
2
m
m
.
Bi 24. Tm cc gi tr ca m ng thng 2 :
k
d y kx k = ct th
( )
C ca hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x
ti hai im phn bit A v B sao cho A v B cch u im

( )
2 1 ; D .
Kho st hm s
18
x
y
1
2
-1
3
O
1
Gii
k
d ct
( )
C ti hai im phn bit
2 1
2
1
x
kx k
x
c hai nghim phn bit

2
2 3 0 kx kx k = (1) c hai nghim phn bit khc 1

( )
2
0
3 0
k
k k k
'
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1+
0 k (2)
Gi s
( ) ( )
1 1 2 2
; , ; A x y B x y l cc giao im ca
k
d v
( )
C . Ta c
AD BD =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
2 3 2 3 x kx k x kx k =

( )( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
4 2 6 0 x x x x k x x k x x k
l
=
l
l

( ) ( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2
4 2 6 0 x x x x k x x k k
l
=
l
l

( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 1 2
4 2 6 0 x x k x x k k = (v
1 2
x x )

2 2
2 4 2 2 6 0 k k k = (do
1 2
; x x l nghim ca phng trnh (1)

1
3
k = (tha mn iu kin (2))
Dng ton 5. Cc bi ton lin quan n th ca hm s cha du gi tr tuyt i

Bi 25. T th ca hm s
( )
3 2
3 3 : C y x x = hy v th ca cc hm s sau
a.
3 2
3 3 y x x = b.
3
2
3 3 y x x = c.
3
2
3 3 y x x =
Gii
Trc ht ta v th
( )
C ca hm s
( )
3 2
3 3 y f x x x = = .
a. Ta c
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 2
0
3 3
0
,
,
f x f x
y x x
f x f x
'
1

1
1
= =
!
1
<
1
1+
,
( )
1
C .
Do vy ta v
( )
1
C nh sau
Gi li phn th ca
( )
C khng nm bn di trc honh,
ta gi l
( )
1
a
C .
Ly i xng phn cn li ca
( )
C qua trc Ox, ta gi l
( )
1
b
C .
th
( )
1
C gm c hai phn
( )
1
a
C v
( )
1
b
C .
b. Ta c
( )
( )
3
2
0
3 3
0
,
,
f x x
y x x
f x x
'
1

1
1
= =
!
1
<
1
1+
, ng thi hm s
( )
f x
l hm chn nn th ca n i xng qua trc tung. Do ta
v th
( )
2
C ca n nh sau
Gi li phn th ca
( )
C khng nm bn tri trc honh, ta
x
y
-1
2
3
O
1
( )
C
( )
1
C
Kho st hm s
19
gi l
( )
2
a
C .
Ly i xng
( )
2
a
C qua trc tung ta c
( )
2
b
C .
th
( )
2
C gm c hai phn
( )
2
a
C v
( )
2
b
C .
c. Ta v th
( )
3
C ca hm s
3
2
3 3 y x x = nh sau
T th
( )
C ca hm s
( )
3 2
3 3 : C y x x = , ta v th
( )
2
C ca hm s
3
2
3 3 y x x = .
T th
( )
2
C , ta v th
( )
3
C ca hm s
3
2
3 3 y x x = .
Bi 26. Cho hm s
( )
4 2
4 3, y x x C = .
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th
( )
C ca hm s.
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh
4 2
2
4 3 1 0 log x x m = c 8 nghim phn bit.
Gii
a. (Hc sinh t kho st)

b. Ta bin i
4 2
2
4 3 1 0 log x x m =

4 2
2
4 3 1 log x x m = (1).
S nghim ca phng trnh (1) bng s giao im ca
( )
4 2
1
4 3 : C y x x = v ng thng
2
1 : log
m
d y m = .
V
4 2 4 2
4 2
4 2 4 2
4 3 4 3 0
4 3
4 3 4 3 0
,
,
x x x x
x x
x x x x
'
1

1
1
=
!
1
<
1
1+
, nn ta v
th
( )
1
C nh sau
Gi li phn th ca
( )
C khng nm di trc honh, ta
gi l
( )
1
a
C .
Ly i xng phn cn li ca
( )
C qua trc honh, ta c
( )
1
b
C .
th gm c
( )
1
a
C v
( )
1
b
C .
x
y
1
-1
3
O 1
x
y
1
-1
-2
2
3
O
1
x
y
1
-1
3
O 1
( )
C
m
d
( )
1
C
x
y
-1
-2 2
3
O
1
Kho st hm s
20
Dng ton 6. Tm cc im trn th hm s tha mn iu kin cho trc

Bi 27. Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x
,
( )
C . Tm im M thuc
( )
C sao cho
a. M c ta nguyn;
b. M cch u hai trc ta ;
c. Tng khong cch t M ti hai ng tim cn l nh nht;
d. M cch u gc ta Ov
( )
2 2 5 2 ; A ;
e. M c khong cch ti 3 2 3 0 : x y = bng
3 3
2
.
Gii
Vi
( )
M C bt k, ta c
0
0
0
2 1
1
;
x
M x
x
1

( )
,
0
1 x .
a. im M c ta nguyn, tc l
0
0
0 0
2 1
3
2
1 1
x
x
x x
'
1
1
1
1
!
1 =
1
1
1+
Z
Z

( )
0
1 3 x v
0
x Z

( )
0
1 1 3 ; x

0
2 0 2 4 ; ; ; x .
Vy c 4 im trn
( )
C c ta nguyn l
( )
1
2 1 ; M ;
( )
2
0 1 ; M ;
( )
3
2 5 ; M v
( )
4
4 3 ; M .
b. Khong cch t im M ti cc cc trc Ox v Oy ln lt l
0
0
2 1
1
x
x
v
0
x .
Yu cu bi ton
0
0
0
2 1
1
x
x
x
( )
2
0 0 0
2
0 0
0
3 1 0 3 13
1 0
3 13
x x x
x x VN
x
= =
=
=

.
Vy c hai im thon mn yu cu bi ton l
5
4 13
3 13
3
; M
1

( )
v
6
4 13
3 13
3
; M
1

( )
.
c. Ta c

1
lim
x
y
= v
1
lim
x
y

= nn
( )
C c tim cn ng l
1
1 : x = .
2 lim
x
y
= v 2 lim
x
y
= nn
( )
C c tim cn ngang l
2
2 : y = .
Khong cch t im M ln lt ti cc tim cn l
( )
1 0
1 , d M x = v
( )
2
0
3
1
, d M
x
=
.
Khi
( ) ( )
1 2 0
0
3
1
1
, , d M d M x
x
=
0
0
3
2 1 2 3
1
.
Cosi
x
x
=

ng thc xy ra
0
0
3
1
1
x
x
=
2
0
1 3 x =
0
0
1 3
1 3
x
x
.
Vy c hai im tha mn yu cu bi ton l
( )
7
1 3 2 3 ; M v
( )
8
1 3 2 3 ; M .
Kho st hm s
21
d. Ta c
( )
2
4 3 2
2 0 0 0 0 0
0 2
0
0
2 1 2 5 4 1
1
1
x x x x x
MO x
x
x
1

= =

( )

;

( )
2
2
0
0
0
2 1
2 2 5 2
1
x
MA x
x
1

( )

( ) ( ) ( )
( )
4 3 2
0 0 0 0
2
0
6 4 5 33 16 5 52 20 5 33 8 5
1
x x x x
x

=
.
Khi yu cu bi ton tng ng vi
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
4 3 2
4 3 2
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
2 2
0 0
6 4 5 33 16 5 52 20 5 33 8 5
2 5 4 1
1 1
x x x x
x x x x
x x

=

( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
4 3 2
4 3 2
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
2 2
0 0
6 4 5 33 16 5 52 20 5 33 8 5
2 5 4 1
1 1
x x x x
x x x x
x x

=

( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
0 0 0
4 4 5 28 16 5 56 20 5 32 8 5 0 x x x =
( )( )
( )
0 0
1 2 4 4 5 16 4 5 0 x x x
l
=
l
l
0
0
2
1 3 5
4
x
x
.
Vy c hai im tha mn yu cu bi ton l
( )
9
2 5 ; M v
10
1 3 5
3 5
4
; M
1

( )
.
e. Ta c
( )
0
2
0
0 0
0
2 1
3 2 3
3 3
1
2 2
.
,
x
x
x x
x
d M
= = .
Do
( )
3 3
2
, d M =
2
0 0
3 3
3 3
2 2
x x
=

( )
2
0 0
2
0 0
0
6 3 0
x x
x x VN
0
0 x = .
Vy c mt im tha mn yu cu bi ton l
( )
11
0 1 ; M .
Bi 28. Cho hm s
3 2
3 2 y x x = , ( ) C . Tm trn ng thng 2 : d y = nhng im m t
c th k c 3 tip tuyn n ( ) C .
Gii
Ta c
2
3 6 y x x = . Gi
( )
2 ; M a d bt k. Khi , tip tuyn bt k ca
( )
C qua M c
dng
( )
2 y k x a = . Honh tip im ca v
( )
C l nghim ca h phng trnh
( )
3 2
2
3 2 2 1
3 6 2
( )
( )
( )
x x k x a
x x k
'
1
=
1
1
!
1
=
1
1+
.
Kho st hm s
22
Thay (2) vo (1) ta c
( )( )
3 2 2
3 2 3 6 2 x x x x x a =
( )
3 2
2 3 1 6 0 x a x ax =

( )
2
0
2 3 1 6 0 3 ( )
x
x a x a
.
T M c th k c 3 tip tuyn vi
( )
C ( ) c 3 nghim phn bit
(3) c 2 nghim phn bit khc 0

( )
2
9 1 48 0
6 0
a a
a
'
1
1 =
1
!
1

1
1+
1
3
3
0
a
a
a
'
1
1
< 1
1
1
!

1
1
1
1
1
+
.
C. CC BI TP V THI
Tnh n iu ca hm s
1. Xt chiu bin thin ca cc hm s sau
a.
2
5 1 y x x = b.
3 2
3 3 y x x = c.
3 2
5 7 1 y x x x =
d.
4 2
4 2 y x x = e.
1
3 2
x
y
x
f.
3
3 2
x
y
x

g.
2
2 1
1
x x
y
x

=
h.
2
4 y x = i.
1
3
x
y
x
= .
2. Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s
a.
3
2 2
1 1 3 5
3
( ) ( )
x
y m m x x = lun ng bin.
b.
2 3 2
1
2 3 1
3
( ) y m m x mx x = lun nghch bin.
c.
2 3 2
1
2 1
3
( ) y m m x mx x = lun ng bin.
d.

3 2
1
2 2 1 3 2
3
( ) ( ) f x x x a x a = nghch bin trn R.
e.
( ) ( )
3
2 2
1 1 3 5
3
x
y m m x x = ng bin trn R.
3. Cho hm s . Vi cc gi tr no ca m th hm s 2
1
m
y x
x
=
ng bin trn tng

khong xc nh? ( 0 m )
4. Cho hm s
3 2
1 2
1 2 3
3 3
( ) ( ) y x m x m x = .
a. Vi cc gi tr no ca m , hm s ng bin trn khong 1 ( ; ) ? 1 ( ) m
b. Vi cc gi tr no ca m , hm s ng bin trn R? 2 ( ) m =
5. Cho hm s
2
2
2
x x m
y
x

=
, (1) (m l tham s).

a. Xc nh m hm s (1) nghch bin trn on 1 0 [ ; ] .
b. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (1) khi 1 m = .
( )
9 m
6. Cho hm s
( )
3 2
3 1 4 y x x m x m = .
a. Kho st v v thi hm s cho ng vi 1 m = .
Kho st hm s
23
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s nghch bin trn
( )
1 1 ; .
( )
10 m <
7. Cho hm s
( )
3 2
1
2 1 2
3
y x mx m x m = .
a. Kho st v v th hm s cho ng vi 2 m = .
( )
2 0 ; .
1
2
m
1

<

( )

8. Cho hm s
3 2
3 1 y x mx m = .
( )
0 ; .
( )
0 m
9. Cho hm s
3 2
1
1 3 4
3
( ) ( ) y x m x m x = .
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s ng bin trn
( )
0 3 ; .
12
7
m
1

( )

2
2 1 2
1
( ) x m x
y
x

=
ng bin trn
( )
0; .
( )
0 m
11. Cho hm s
( ) ( ) ( )
3 2
1 2 2 3 1 y m x m x m x = .
a. Chng minh rng hm s khng th ng bin trn R.
b. Tm m hm s ng bin trn khong
( )
0 ; ;
( )
1 m
c. Tm m hm s nghch bin trn khong
( )
0 ; ;
( )
3 m
d. Tm m hm s ng bin trn khong
( )
1 ;
( )
1 m
e. Tm m hm s ng bin trn khong
( )
4;
( )
13 m
f. Tm m hm s nghch bin trn khong
( )
1 4 ;
( )
5 13 m
12. Cho hm s
2
3 x x
y
x m
, (1) (m l tham s).

a. Kho st hm s (1) khi 1 m = .
b. Tm m hm s (1) ng bin trn 1 [ ; ) .
( )
1 1 m <
2
6 2
2
mx x
y
x

=
nghch bin trn 1 [ ; ) .

14
5
( ) m
14. Gii cc h phng trnh sau
a.
3 2
3 2
3 2
2
2
2
x y y y
y z z z
z x x x
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1 =
1
+
; b.
3 2
3 2
3 2
3 3 1
3 3 1
3 3 1
ln( )
ln( )
ln( )
x x x x y
y y y y z
z z z z x
'
1
=
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1 =
1
+
;
c.
3 2
3 2
3 2
2
2
2
1
4
1
4
1
4
x x
y y
z z
y
z
x
'
1
1
1
1
= 1

1

( ) 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
= !

1
( )
1
1
1
1 1
1
= 1

1

1( )
1
1+
; d.
3
3
3
6
6
6
sin
sin
sin
y
x y
z
y z
x
z x
'
1
1
=
1
1
1
1
1
1
=
!
1
1
1
1
1
=
1
1
1+
.
Kho st hm s
24
15. Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh
4 4
2 2 2 6 2 6 x x x x m =
c ng hai nghim thc phn bit.
( )
4
2 6 2 6 3 2 6 m
16. Cho hm s
2
2 2 ( ) f x x x = .
a. Chng minh rng f ng bin trn na khong 2 [ ; ) .
b. Chng minh rng phng trnh
2
2 2 11 x x = c mt nghim duy nht.
17. Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh
3 6 3 6 ( )( ) x x x x m =
c nghim.
( )
9 6 2 3 m
Cc tr ca hm s
18. Tm cc tr cc hm s sau
a.
3 2
2 9 12 3 ( ) f x x x x = b.
3 2
5 3 4 5 ( ) f x x x x =
c.
3 2
2 1 ( ) f x x x x = d.
2 2
1 ( ) ( ) f x x =
e.
2
2 3
( )
x
f x
x
f.
2
8 24
2
( )
x x
f x
x

=

g.
2
4
( )
x
f x
x
=
h. 4 ( ) f x x x =
i.
4
3
2
( ) f x x
x
=
j.
4 2
2 1 ( ) f x x x = .
19. Tm cc tr cc hm s sau
a.
2
3 ( ) sin cos f x x x = trn on 0 [ ; ] ,
b. 2 2 ( ) sin cos f x x x = trn on 0 [ ; ] ,
c.
2
2 3 2 3 ( ) sin sin f x x x = trn on [ ; ] ,
d. 2 ( ) sin cos f x x x = trn on [ ; ] .
20. Tm m cc hm s sau c cc i v cc tiu
a.
3 2
1
6 2 1
3
( ) ( ) y x mx m x m = 2 (m < hoc 3) m
b.
3 2
2 3 5 ( ) y m x x mx = . 3 2 1 ( ) m < <
21. Tm m hm s
3 2 2 2
1
2 3 1 5
3
( ) ( ) y x m m x m x m = t cc tiu ti 2 x = .
3 ( ) m =
22. Tm m hm s
3 2
1 1
1 3 2
3 3
( ) ( ) ( ) f x mx m x m x = t cc tr ti
1 2
, x x tha mn iu
kin
1 2
2 1 x x = . 2 (m = hoc
2
3
) m =
23. Tm m hm s
3 2
1
1
3
( ) f x x mx mx = t cc tr ti
1 2
, x x tha mn iu kin
1 2
8 x x .
1 65
2
(m

< hoc
1 65
2
) m

24. Tm m hm s
3 2 2 2
2 1 4 1 2 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) f x x m x m m x m = t cc tr ti
1 2
, x x
tha mn iu kin
1 2
1 2
1 1 1
2
( ) x x
x x
= . 1 (m = hoc 5) m =
Kho st hm s
25
25. Cho hm s
( ) ( )
3 2 2
2
1 4 3 1
3
y x m x m m x = .
a. Tm m hm s t cc i v cc tiu ti
1
x v
2
x ;
( )
5 1 m < <
b. Tm m hm s t cc tr ti hai im nm bn phi trc tung; .
( )
5 3 m < <
c. Tm m hm s t cc i v cc tiu ti
1
x v
2
x sao cho
( )
1 2 1 2
2 A x x x x = t gi tr
ln nht.
( )
4 m =
26. Cho hm s
4 2 2
9 10 ( ) y mx m x = , (1) (m l tham s).
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th hm s (1) khi 1 m = .
b. Tm m hm s (1) c ba im cc tr. 3 (m < hoc 0 3) m < <
27. Cho hm s
3
3 ( ) y x m x = , (1) (m l tham s).
b. Xc nh m hm s (1) t cc tiu ti im c honh 0 x = . 1 ( ) m =
28. Cho hm s
2
2
2
2 2
x x m
y
x x

=

.
a. Vi gi tr no ca m , hm s t cc i ti 2 x = .
( )
2 m =
b. Kho st v v th hm s cho ng vi 2 m = .
29. Cho hm s
2
1
x mx
y
x
, (1) (m l tham s).

b. Tm m hm s c cc i v cc tiu. Vi gi tr no ca m th khong cch gia hai im
cc tr ca hm s (1) bng 10? 4 ( ) m =
30. Cho hm s
2 2
2 1 4
2
( )
( )
x m x m m
y
x m

=
, (1) (m l tham s).

b. Tm m hm s (1) c cc tr v tnh khong cch gia hai im cc tr .
( )
1 2
4 2 M M =
31. Cho hm s
2
1 1
1
( ) x m x m
y
x

=
, (1) (m l tham s).

a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1) khi 1 m = .
b. Chng minh rng vi m bt k, th (
m
C ) ca hm s (1) lun lun c im cc i, im
cc tiu v khong cch gia hai im bng 20 .
32. Cho hm s
2 2
2 1 3 x mx m
y
x m

=
, (
m
C ) (1) (m l tham s).
b. Tm m th (
m
C ) c hai im cc tr nm v hai pha ca trc tung.
( )
1 1 m < <
33. Cho hm s
2
2 2
1
x mx
y
x

=
, (1) (m l tham s).

b. Tm m th hm s (1) c hai im cc tr , A B . Chng minh rng khi ng thng
AB song song vi ng thng 2 10 0 x y = .
3
2
m
1

<

( )

Kho st hm s
26
34. Cho hm s
3 2
3 4 y x x m = , (1) (m l tham s).
b. Chng minh rng th hm s lun c hai im cc tr. Khi xc nh m mt trong hai
im cc tr ny thuc trc honh.
(
0 m = hoc
)
1 m =
35. Cho hm s
3 2
2 3 3 11 3 ( ) y x m x m = .
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s c cc i, cc tiu v ng thng ni hai im cc tr ca
th i qua im 0 1 ( ; ) A .
( )
4 m =
36. Cho hm s
3 2
3 2 1 3 ( ) y mx mx m x m = .
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s c cc i, cc tiu. Chng minh rng ng thng ni cc
im cc tr lun i qua mt im c nh.
( )
0 1 m m <
( ) ( )
3 2
2 3 2 1 6 1 1 y x m x m m x = t cc i v cc
tiu sao cho 1
CD CT
y y = .
39. Cho hm s
4 2 4
2 2 y x mx m m = .
b. Tm m th hm s c ba im cc tr l ba nh ca mt tam gic u.
( )
3
3 m =
40. Cho hm s
4 2
1 1 2 ( ) y mx m x m = .
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m hm s c ng mt im cc tr.
( )
0 1 m m
41. Vi gi tr no ca m , gc ta thuc ng thng ni cc im cc tr ca th hm s
2
1 1 ( ) x m x m
y
x m

=
.
( )
1 m =
42. Cho hm s
2
8
1
x mx m
y
x

=
, (1) (m l tham s).

b. Chng minh rng th ca hm s (1) lun c cc i v cc tiu vi mi gi tr m . Tm gi
tr ca m
2 2
72
cd ct
y y = .
( )
2 m =
43. Tm m hm s
3 2 2
3 ( ) f x x x m x m = c cc i v cc tiu i xng nhau qua ng
thng
1 5
2 2
y x = . 0 ( ) m =
44. Tm m hm s
3 2
1
1
3
y x mx x m =

c khong cch gia cc im cc i v cc tiu
l nh nht. 0 ( ) m =
45. Cho hm s
( ) ( )
3 2
3 3 1 ,
m
y x x m x C = . Tm cc gi tr ca m
a.
( )
m
C t cc tr ti , A B sao cho ABO vung ti O;
( )
1 m =
b.
( )
m
C t cc tr ti , A B nm khc pha i vi trc honh;

1
1
4
; \ m
1 1

( ) ( )

Kho st hm s
27
c.
( )
m
C t cc tr ti , A B cch u ng thng 5 y = ;
( )
2 m =
d.
( )
m
C t cc tr ti , A B nm trn ng thng cch gc ta mt khong bng 1;
( )
m
e.
( )
m
C c ng thng i qua hai im cc tr to vi trc honh mt tam gic c din tch bng
1
6
.
1
2
2
m m
1

= =

( )

( )
4 3 2
4 3 1 1 y x mx m x = ch c cc tiu, khng c cc
i.

1 17 1 17
1
8 8
; \ m
1 l

l

l
( )
l

47. Tm m hm s
2
1 1 ( ) x m x m
y
x m

=
c cc i v cc tiu nm v cng mt pha trc

Ox . 3 2 3 (m < hoc 3 2 3) m
48. Tm m hm s
2
2
1
x mx m
y
x m

=

c cc tiu c honh nh hn 1.
49. Tm cc gi tr ca m th ca hm s
3 2
1 2 2 2 ( ) ( ) y x m x m x m = c hai
im cc tr, ng thi honh ca im cc tiu nh hn 1. 1 (m < hoc
5 7
4 5
) m < <
3 2 2
1
2 5 4 1
3
( ) ( ) y x m x m x m = t cc tr ti
1 2
, x x tha mn iu kin
1 2
1 x x < < .
7
3
2
m
1

< <

( )

51. Tm cc gi tr ca m th mi hm s sau c hai im cc tr nm khc pha i vi trc
honh
a.
3
3 1 y mx mx =
1
2
m
1

( )

b.
3 2
2 2 1 y x mx m =
3 1
2 2
3
4
m m
m
1 '
1

1

<
1
1
1

!

1

1

1

1 ( )
1+

52. Cho hm s
3 2 3
2 3 2 6 5 1 4 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) y x m x m x m = . Tm m th hm s c
a. ng mt im cc tr c honh ln hn 1. 0 ( ) m <
b. Hai im cc tr c honh nh hn 2 .
1
0
3
( ) m < <
c. C t nht mt im cc tr c honh thuc khong 1 1 ( ; ) .
2
0
3
( ) m < <
d. C t nht mt im cc tr c honh ln hn 9. 16 ( ) m
e. C t nht mt im cc tr c honh 4
i
x . 16 (m hoc
25
9
) m <
Gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca hm s
53. Tm gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht ca cc hm s sau
Kho st hm s
28
a.
3 2
3 9 1 y x x x = trn on 4 4 [ ; ] ; b.
2
x
y
x
=
trn na khong 2 4 ( ; ] ;
c.
1
2
1
y x
x
=
trn khong 1 ( ; ) ; d.
2
2
2
1
x
y
x x
=

;
e. sin cos y a x b x =
2 2
0 ( ) a b ; f. 4 2 sin cos y x x = ;
g.
1
3
sin cos
sin cos
x x
y
x x

=

; h.
2
2
2 2
cos
cos
x
y
x
=
;
i.
3 2
6 9 5 cos cos cos y x x x = ; j.
3
2 2 sin cos sin y x x x = ;
k.
2
4 y x x = ; l.
2
1
1
x
y
x
trn on 1 2 [ ; ] .
54. Chng minh rng
a.
3 3 5
3 3 5
sin
! ! !
x x x
x x x < < , vi mi 0 x ; b.
2 2 4
1 1
2 2 4
cos
! ! !
x x x
x < < , vi mi 0 x ;
c. 2 sin tan x x x , vi mi 0
2
; x

1

( )
; d. 1
x
e x , vi mi 0 x ;
f.
2
1
2
ln( )
x
x x x < < , vi mi 0 x ; g. 1 sin cos x x x , vi mi 0
2
; x

1

( )
.
Tim cn ca th hm s
55. Cho hm s
4
1
x
y
x

=
.
a. Kho st v v th
( )
C ca hm s cho.
b. Xc nh ta giao im E ca hai tim cn ca
( )
C . Chng minh rng nu mt ng
thng d qua E v ct
( )
C th s giao im l 2 v hai giao im i xng nhau qua E . T
suy ra E l tm i xng ca
( )
C .
56. Cho hm s
2
1
1
x mx
y
x

=
.
a. Kho st hm s khi 1 m = .
b. Vi gi tr no ca m th tim cn xin ca hm s to vi cc trc ta mt tam gic c
din tch bng 4.
( )
1 2 2 m =
57. Cho hm s
1
2
x
y
x
, ( ) C .
a. Tm trn ( ) C nhng im c ta nguyn.
b. Tm trn ( ) C nhng im c tng khong cch n hai tim cn l nh nht.

( )
1 2
2 3 1 3
,
( ; ) M
58. Cho hm s
1
1
x
y
x
, ( ) C . Chng minh rng khong tch cc khong cch t mt im bt k

trn ( ) C n hai ng tim cn ca ( ) C l mt hng s.
59. Cho hm s
1
1
x
y
x
, ( ) C . Tm tt c cc im ( ) M C sao cho khong cch t M n giao

im ca hai ng tim cn ca ( ) C l ngn nht.
( )
1 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 ( ; ), ( ; ) M M
Kho st hm s
29
60. Tm trn hai nhnh khc nhau ca
4 9
3
( ) :
x
C y
x
cc im
1 2
, M M di ca on thng
1 2
M M l nh nht.
61. Tm trn hai nhnh khc nhau ca
2
2 5
1
( ) :
x x
C y
x

=
cc im
1 2
, M M di ca on
thng
1 2
M M l nh nht.
Tip tuyn ca th hm s
62. Cho hai hm s
2
1 1
4 4
( ) f x x x = v
2
1 ( ) g x x x =
a. Chng minh rng th ( ) P ca hm s f v th ( ) C ca hm s g tip xc nhau ti im
A c honh 1 x = .
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn chung ( ) d ca ( ) P v ( ) C ti im A.
c. Chng minh rng ( ) P nm pha trn ng thng ( ) d v ( ) C nm pha trn ng thng ( ) d .
63. Chng minh rng cc th ca ba hm s
2
3 4 ( ) f x x x = ,
1
1 ( ) g x
x
= v 4 6 ( ) h x x x =
tip xc nhau ti mt im.
64. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th ( ) C ca hm s
3
3 5 y x x = khi bit
a. Honh tip im l
1
1 x = ,
2
2 x = .
b. Tung tip im l 5 3 , y y = = .
65. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th ( ) C ca hm s
3 2
3 2 1 y x x x = xut pht t
im un ca ( ) C . ( ) y x =
66. Cho hm s
3 2
2 3 9 4 y x x x = , ( ) C . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) C ti cc giao
im ca ( ) C vi cc th sau
a. ng thng ( ) d : 7 4 y x = ; b. Parabol ( ) P :
2
8 3 y x x = .
67. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th ( ) C :
3 2
3 y x x = , bit tip tuyn vung gc vi ng
thng
1
3
y x = . 3 1 ( ) y x =
68. Cho hm s
3 2
1
2 4
3
y x x x = ( ) C . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi ( ) C , bit tip tuyn
a. C h s gc 2 k = ; b. To vi chiu dng trc Ox mt gc
0
60 ;
c. Song song vi ng thng 2 y x = ; d. Vung gc vi ng thng 2 3 y x = ;
e. To vi
1
3
2
: d y x = mt gc
0
30 ; f. Qua im
( )
0 4 ; A .
69. Cho hm s
3
3 7 y x x = ( ) C . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi ( ) C , bit tip tuyn:
a. C h s gc bng vi h s gc ca ng thng 12 2 1 0 x y = ;
b. Song song vi ng thng 6 1 y x = ; c. Vung gc vi ng thng
1
2
9
y x = ;
d. To vi chiu dng Ox mt gc
0
45 ; e. To vi ng thng 2 y = mt gc
0
45 ;
f. To vi ng thng 2 3 y x = mt gc
0
45 ; g. Qua im
( )
1 9 ; A .
Kho st hm s
30
70. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi
3 2
1
( ) :
x
C y
x
to vi trc honh mt gc
0
45 .
2 6 ( , ) y x y x = =
71. Cho hm s
3 7
2 5
x
y
x
=

( ) C . Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) C , bit tip tuyn:
a. Song song vi ng thng
1
1
2
y x = ; b. Vung gc vi ng thng 4 y x = .
c. To vi ng thng 2 y x = mt gc
0
45 ; d. To vi ng thng y x = mt gc
0
60 ;
72. Cho hm s
3 2
1 1 4
2
3 2 3
y x x x = , (1).
a. Kho st v v th ( ) C ca hm s (1).
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th ( ) C , bit tip tuyn song song vi ng thng d :
4 2 y x = .
26
4
3
(y x = v
73
4
6
) y x =
73. Cho hm s
2
1 2 ( ) ( ) y x x = .
a. Kho st v v th ( ) C ca hm s cho.
b. Xc nh cc gio im ca ( ) C vi trc honh v chng minh ( ) C tip xc vi trc honh ti
mt trong cc giao im .
74. Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x
, (1).
b. Gi I l giao im ca hai ng tim cn ca ( ) C . Tm im ( ) M C sao cho tip tuyn ca
( ) C ti M vung gc vi ng thng IM .
( )
1 2
0 1 2 3 ( ; ), ( ; ) M M
75. Cho hm s
3 2
1
2 3
3
y x x x = , (1).
b. Vit phng trnh tip tip ca ( ) C ti im un v chng minh rng l tip tuyn ca
( ) C c h s gc nh nht.
8
3
y x
1

=

( )

76. Gi ( )
m
C l th ca hm s
3 2
1 1
3 2 3
m
y x x = , (1) (m l tham s).
b. Gi M l im thuc ( )
m
C c honh bng 1 . Tm m tip tuyn ca ( )
m
C ti M song
song vi ng thng 5 0 x y = . 4 ( ) m =
77. Cho hm s
1
y x
x
= , (1).
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) C qua 1 7 ( ; ) M . 15 8 (y x = v 3 4) y x =
78. Cho hm s
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x

=
, (1).
b. Gi I l giao im ca hai ng tim cn ca ( ) C . Chng minh rng khng c tip tuyn
no ca ( ) C qua I .
Kho st hm s
31
79. Cho hm s
2
1
2
x x
y
x

=
, (1).
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th ( ) C , bit tip tuyn vung gc vi tim cn xin
ca ( ) C .
( )
2 2 5 y x =
80. Cho hm s
1
1
x
y
x
, (1).
b. Xc nh m ng thng d : 2 y x m = ct ( ) C ti hai im phn bit , A B sao cho cc
tip tuyn ca ( ) C ti A v B song song vi nhau.
( )
1 m =
81. Cho hm s
2
2
1
x mx m
y
x

=
, (1) (m l tham s).

a. Kho st v v th ca hm s (1) khi 1 m = .
b. Tm m th ca hm s (1) ct trc honh ti hai im phn bit , A B sao cho cc tip
tuyn ca th ca hm s (1) ti A v B vung gc vi nhau.
( )
4 17 m =
82. Cho hm s
3
1 y x mx m = , (1) (m l tham s).
a. Kho st v v th ( ) C ca hm s (1) khi 1 m = .
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) C , bit tip tuyn qua im 0 2 ( ; ) A .
c. Tm m th hm s (1) tip xc vi trc Ox . 3 (m = hoc
3
4
) m =
83. Cho hm s
3 2
3 3 5 y x x x = ( ) C .
a. CMR khng tn ti hai im no trn ( ) C cc tip tuyn ti vung gc vi nhau.
b. Tm k trn ( ) C lun tn ti t nht mt im sao cho tip tuyn ti vung gc vi
ng thng y kx m = . 0 ( ) k <
84. Cho hm s
3 2
3 1 y x x mx = ( )
m
C .
a. Tm m ( )
m
C ct ng thng 1 y = ti ba im phn bit 0 1 ( ; ), , C D E .
9
0
4
m
1

<

( )

b. Tm m cc tip tuyn ca ( )
m
C ti D v E vung gc nhau.
9 65
8
m
1

( )

85. Cho hm s
3 2
3 2 y x x = ( ) C .
a. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca ( ) C i qua
23
2
9
; A
1

( )
.
5 61
2 9 25
3 27
, , y y x y x
1

= = =

( )

b. Tm trn 2 : d y = cc im k n ( ) C hai tip tuyn vung gc vi nhau.
55
2
27
; M
1 1

( ) ( )

86. Cho hm s
3 2
2 3 5 y x x = .
b. Chng minh rng qua im
( )
1 4 ; A c th k c ba tip tuyn phn bit ca ( ) C .
87. Cho hm s
3 2
6 9 1 y x x x = .
Kho st hm s
32
b. T mt im bt k trn ng thng 2 x = , c th k c bao nhiu tip tuyn ca ( ) C .
88. Cho hm s
3
3 2 y x x = ( ) C . Tm trn trc honh cc im k c 3 tip tuyn n
th ( ) C .
( )
0 2 ( ; , M m m hoc
2
1
3
) m <
89. Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x
( ) C v im ( ) M C . Gi I l giao im ca hai ng tim cn. Tip

tuyn ti M ct hai tim cn ti A v B .
a. Chng minh rng M l trung im ca AB .
b. Chng minh rng din tch tam gic IAB l mt hng s.
c. Tm M chu vi tam gic IAB b nht.
( )
1 2
0 1 2 3 ( ; ), ( ; ) M M
90. Cho hm s
4 2
1 5
3
2 2
y x x = .
b. Tm cc im thuc ( ) C sao cho ti , tip tuyn ca ( ) C c ba im chung phn bit vi
( ) C .
4 2
1 5
3
2 2
; A x x x
1

( )
, vi
( )
3 3 1 ; \ { } x .
Giao im ca ng cong v ng thng
91. Cho hm s
3
1
1
3
( ) y x m x = .
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh
3
3 1 0 ( ) x m x = c ba nghim phn bit?
9
4
m
1

( )

92. Cho hm s
4 2
2 3 y x x = .
a. Kho st v v th ca hm s cho.
b. Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh
4 2 4 2
2 2 x x m m = .
93. Cho hm s
3
2 ( ) y x m x m = , m l tham s.
a. Tm m hm s cho c cc tr ti 1 x = .
b. Kho st s bin thin v v th ( ) C ca hm s ng vi 1 m = .
c. Bin lun theo k s giao im ca ( ) C vi ng thng y k = .
94. Cho hm s
3 2 2 3 2
3 3 1 ( ) y x mx m x m m = , (1).
a. Kho st v v th hm s (1) ng vi 1 m = .
b. Tm k phng trnh
3 2 3 2
3 3 0 x x k k = c 3 nghim phn bit.
1 3 ( k < < v 0 2 , ) k k
c. Vit phng trnh ng thng qua hai im cc tr ca th hm s (1).
( )
2
2 y x m m =
95. Cho hm s
4 2 2
2 2 5 5 ( ) y x m x m m = , ( )
m
C
a. Kho st v v th( ) C ca hm s khi 1 m = .
b. Tnh din tch hnh phng gii hn bi ( ) C v trc honh.
16
15
S
1

=

( )

c. Tm gi tr ca m th ( )
m
C ct trc honh ti 4 im phn bit.
5 5
1
2
m
1

< <

( )

96. Cho hm s
3 2
3 9 y x x x m = .
Kho st hm s
33
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m th hm s ct trc honh ti ba im phn bit c honh lp
thnh cp s cng.
( )
11 m =
97. Cho hm s
3 2 2
3 1 2 4 1 4 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) y x m x m m x m m = .
thnh cp s cng.
( )
1 m
98. Cho hm s
3 2 2
3 2 4 9 ( ) y x mx m m x m m = .
thnh cp s cng.
( )
1 m =
99. Cho hm s
3
2 y x mx = .
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m th hm s ct trc honh ti ng mt im.
( )
3 m
100. Cho hm s
2
2 4
2
x x
y
x

=
,
( )
C (1).
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s (1).
b. Tm m ng thng 2 2 y mx m = ct th
( )
C ti hai im phn bit.
( )
1 m
101. Cho hm s
3 2
2 3 1 y x x = , (1).
b. Gi
k
d l ng thng qua 0 1 ( ; ) M v c h s gc bng k . Tm k ng thng
k
d ct
( ) C ti 3 im phn bit.
9
8
(k v 0) k
102. Cho hm s
2
3 3
2 1 ( )
x x
y
x

=
, (1).
b. Tm m :
m
d y m = ct ( ) C ti hai im phn bit , A B sao cho 1 AB = .
1 5
2
m
1

( )

103. Cho hm s
2
2
1
x
y x
x
=
.
b. Chng minh rng mt tip tuyn ty ca ( ) C lun to vi hai tim cn ca n thnh mt
tam gic c din tch khng i.
104. Cho hm s
2
1
x
y
x
.
b. Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr m , ng thng 2 0 : d x y m = lun ct ( ) C ti hai
im phn bit. Xc nh m khong cch gia hai giao im ny nh nht.
105. Cho hm s
3
3 2 y x x = , (1).
Kho st hm s
34
b. Gi
m
d l ng thng qua 3 20 ( ; ) A v c h s gc l m . Tm m
m
d ct ( ) C ti 3 im
phn bit.
15
4
(m v 24) m
106. Cho hm s
2
4
1
x x
y
x

=
.
a. Kho st v v th ( ) C ca hm s.
b. Tm a ng thng y a = ct ( ) C ti hai im phn bit? 3 (a < hoc 5) a
107. Cho hm s
2
x x m
y
x m

=
, ( )
m
C vi m l tham s khc 0.
a. Kho st v v th
2
( ) C ca hm s khi 2 m = .
b. Tm m tim cn xin ca ( )
m
C i qua im 3 0 ( ; ) A .
c. Vi gi tr no ca m th ( )
m
C ct ng thng d : 1 y x = ti hai im phn bit?
6 4 2 (m < hoc 6 4 2 m

v 0) m
108. Cho hm s
3
2
x
y
x
, (1).
b. Chng minh rng ng thng
1
2
y x m = ct ( ) C ti 2 im phn bit , A B . Xc nh m
sao cho di on AB nh nht.
( )
2 m =
109. Cho hm s
1
2
2
y x
x
=
, (1).
b. Tm m ng thng y m = ct th ( ) C ti hai im phn bit sao cho khong cch gia
chng bng 12 .
( )
4 m =
110. Cho hm s
2
1
mx x m
y
x

=
,
( )
m
C (1).
a. Kho st v v th hm s (1) khi 1 m = .
b. Tm m
( )
m
C ct trc honh ti hai im phn bit c honh dng.
1
0
2
m
1

< <

( )

111. Cho hm s
2
1 ( )( ) y x x mx m = ,
( )
m
C (1) (m l tham s).
b. Tm m
( )
m
C ct trc honh ti 3 im phn bit. 0 (m < hoc 4 m v
1
2
) m
112. Cho hm s
3 2
3 y x x m = ,
( )
m
C (1) (m l tham s).
a. Kho st v v th hm s (1) khi 2 m = .
b. Tm m
( )
m
C c hai im phn bit i xng nhau qua gc ta .
( )
0 m
113. Cho hm s
2
1
x x m
y
x

=
, (1).
b. Tm m th ca hm s (1) ct trc honh ti hai im , A B phn bit v cc tip tuyn
ca th hm s (1) ti , A B vung gc vi nhau.
Kho st hm s
35
114. Cho hm s
3 2 2
3 1 2 4 1 4 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) y x m x m m x m m = ( )
m
C . Tm m ( )
m
C ct
trc honh ti 3 im phn bit c honh ln hn 1.
1
1
2
m
1

<

( )

115. Cho hm s
3 2 2 2
2 2 1 1 ( ) ( ) y x mx m x m m = ( )
m
C . Tm m ( )
m
C ct trc honh ti
3 im phn bit c honh dng.
2
1
3
m
1

< <

( )

116. Cho hm s
3 2 2 2
3 3 1 1 ( ) y x mx m x m = ( )
m
C . Tm m ( )
m
C ct trc honh ti 3
im phn bit c honh dng.
( )
3 1 2 m < <
117. Cho hm s
3 2
3 3 1 1 3 ( ) y x x m x m = ( )
m
C . Tm m ( )
m
C ct trc honh ti 1
im, 2 im, 3 im phn bit.
im c nh ca ng cong
118. Cho hm s
1 mx
y
x m
, 1 m ( )
m
C .
a. Chng minh rng vi mi 1 m , ng cong ( )
m
C lun i qua hai im c nh , A B .
b. Gi M l giao im ca hai ng tim cn ca ( )
m
C . Tm tp hp cc im M khi m thay
i.
119. Cho hm s
3 2
3 3 2 1 1 ( ) y x mx m x = , ( )
m
C .
a. Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr ca m , ( )
m
C v ng thng
m
d : 2 4 3 y mx m = lun c
mt im chung c nh.
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m sao cho
m
d ct ( )
m
C ti ba im phn bit.
c. Kho st v v th ca hm s vi 1 m = .
120. Cho hm s
3 2
1 2 1 2 ( ) ( ) y x m x m x m = , ( )
m
C .
a. Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr ca m , ( )
m
C lun i qua mt im c nh.
b. Chng minh rng mi ng cong ( )
m
C tip xc vi nhau ti mt im. Vit phng trnh
tip tuyn chung ca cc ng cong ( )
m
C ti im .
121. Cho hm s
3 2
9 9 y x mx x m = .
b. Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr m , th hm s cho lun i qua hai im c nh. Vi
gi tr no ca m , trc honh l mt tip tuyn ca th hm s cho ?
( )
3 m =
122. Cho hm s
3
1 2 1 1 ( ) ( ) y m x m x m = .
` b. Chng minh rng vi mi gi tr m , th hm s lun i qua ba im c nh thng hng.
Xc nh im trn ng cong
123. Cho hm s
2
3
x
y
x
.
a. Kho st v v th ( ) C hm s cho.
b. Tm cc im ( ) M C sao cho cch u hai ng tim cn ca ( ) C .
( )
3 5 1 5 ; M
124. Cho hm s
2
2
x
y
x
.
Kho st hm s
36
b. Tm cc im ( ) M C sao cho tng khong cch t M ti Ox v Oy l nh nht.
( )
0 1 ( ; ) M
125. Cho hm s
2
1
x
y
x
.
b. Tm cc im ( ) M C sao cho M cch u hai im 0 0 ( ; ) O v 2 2 ( ; ) A .
( )
1 2
0 2 2 0 ( ; ), ( ; ) M M
126. Cho hm s
3 2
1 11
3
3 3
y x x x = , (1).
b. Tm trn ( ) C hai im phn bit , M N i xng nhau qua trc tung.
1 2
16 16
3 3
3 3
; , ; M M
1 1 1

( ) ( ) ( )

127. Cho hm s
2
2 2
1
x x
y
x

=
, (1).
b. Tm trn ( ) C hai im , A B sao cho A v B i xng nhau qua ng thng 4 0 x y = .
7 23 15 23 7 23 15 23
2 2 2 2
; , ; A B
1 1 1

( ) ( ) ( )

128. Tm
2
1
, ( ) :
x
A B C y
x
=
i xng nhau qua 1 : d y x = .

1 1 1 1
1 1
2 2 2 2
; , ; A B
1 1 1

( ) ( ) ( )

129. Cho th
2
2
2
( ) :
x x
C y
x

=
. Vit phng trnh th ( ) C i xng vi ( ) C qua ng

thng 2 y = .
2
3 6
2
x x
y
x
1

=

( )

130. Vit phng trnh th ( ) C i xng vi ( ) C :
2
2 3 7
1
x x
y
x

=
qua ng thng 2 x = .
2
2 13 17
3
x x
y
x
1

=

( )

131. Cho hm s
2
5 4
2
x x
y
x

=
, (1).
b. Tm trn ( ) C cc im c ta nguyn.
132. Cho hm s
1
x
y
x
=
, (1).
a. Kho st v v th ( ) C hm s (1).
b. Tm trn ( ) C cc im M sao cho khong cch t M n ng thng 3 4 0 x y = bng 1.
1 2 3 4
1 61 9 61 9 21 1 21
6 2 6 2
, ,
; , ; M M
1 1

( ) ( )

Kho st hm s
37

133. Cho hm s
2
1
1
x x
y
x

=
, (1).
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ( ) C ca hm s (1).
b. Tm cc im trn ( ) C m tip tuyn ti mi im y vi th ( ) C vung gc vi ng
thng qua hai im cc tr.
1 2
2 5 2 5
1 3 1 3
3 3
6 6
; , ; M M
1 1 1

( ) ( ) ( )

134. Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x
, (1).
b. Gi I l giao im ca hai ng tim cn ca ( ) C . Tm trn ( ) C im M sao cho tip tuyn
ca ( ) C ti M vung gc vi ng thng IM .
( )
1 2
0 1 2 3 ( ; ), ( ; ) M M
135. Tm trn
3 4
2 1
( ) :
x
C y
x
cc cp im i xng vi nhau qua im

( )
1 1 ; I .

( ) ( ) ( )
1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 ; , ; A B
Hm s cha du GTT
136. Cho hm s
3
3 1 ( ) y f x x x = = , (1).
b. T th ( ) C , hy suy ra th
1
( ) C ca hm s
3
3 1 y x x = .
c. T th ( ) C , hy suy ra th
2
( ) C ca hm s
3
3 1 y x x = .
d. T th ( ) C , hy suy ra th
3
( ) C ca hm s
3
3 1 y x x = .
137. Cho hm s
2
3 3
2
x x
y
x

=
, (1).
b. T th ( ) C , hy suy ra th
1
( ) C ca hm s
2
3 3
2
x x
y
x

=
.
138. Cho hm s
2
1
1
x x
y
x

=
, (1).
b. Vi cc gi tr no ca m , th phng trnh
2
1
1
x x
m
x

=
c 4 nghim phn bit? 3 ( ) m

139. Cho hm s
4 2
4 3 y x x = , (1).
b. Tm m phng trnh
4 2
4 3 2 1 0 x x m = c 8 nghim phn bit.
1
0
2
m
1

< <

( )

140. Cho hm s
3 2
2 9 12 4 y x x x = , (1).
Kho st hm s
38
b. Tm m phng trnh sau
3
2
2 9 12 x x x m = c 6 nghim phn bit.
( )
4 5 m < <
141. Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x
.
b. Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh 2 1 1 0 x m x = c hai nghim.
142. Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh
2
3 1 ( ) x x m = .
143. Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x
.
b. Bin lun theo m s nghim ca phng trnh 2 1 1 0 x m x = .
144. Cho hm s
3 2
3 6 y x x = .
3 2
1 1
2 0
3 3
m
x x

= .
145. Cho hm s
2
1
1
x x
y
x

=
.
2
1 1 0 ( ) x m x m = .
thi cc nm gn y
1. Cho hm s
2 2
2 1 4
2
( ) x m x m m
y
x

=
, (1) (m l tham s).

b. Tm m hm s c cc i v cc tiu, ng thi cc im cc tr ca th cng vi gc ta
O to thnh mt tam gic vung cn ti O.
( )
4 2 6 m = (H A_2007)
2. Cho hm s
2 2
3 2 2
3
( ) mx m x
y
x m

=
, (1) (m l tham s).

b. Tm m gc gia hai ng tim cn ca hm s (1) bng
0
45 . 1 ( ) m = (H A_2008)
3. Cho hm s
2
2 3
x
y
x
,
( )
C (1).
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca
( )
C , bit tip tuyn ct trc honh, trc tung ln lt ti
hai im phn bit , A B sao cho tam gic OAB vung cn ti O. ( 2 y x = )(H A_2009)
4. Cho hm s
3 2
2 1 ( ) y x x m x m = , (1) (m l tham s).
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi 1 m = .
b. Tm m th ca hm s (1) ct trc honh ti ba im phn bit c honh
1 2 3
, , x x x
tha iu kin
2 2 2
1 2 3
4 x x x < .
1
1 0
4
m m
1

< <

( )
(H A_2010)
5. Cho hm s
1
2 1
x
y
x

=
.
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ( ) C ca hm s cho.
b. Chng minh rng vi mi m ng thng y x m = lun ct ( ) C ti hai im phn bit A
v B . Gi
1
k v
2
k ln lt l h s gc ca tip tuyn ti A v B . Tm m tng
1 2
k k t
gi tr ln nht.
( )
1 m = (H A_2011)
Kho st hm s
39
6. Cho hm s
3 2 2 2
3 3 1 3 1 ( ) y x x m x m = , (1) (m l tham s).
b. Tm m hm s (1) c cc i, cc tiu v cc im cc tr ca hm s (1) cch u gc ta
O.
1
2
m
1
( )
(H B_2007)
7. Cho hm s
3 2
4 6 1 y x x = , (1).
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn ca th hm s (1), bit rng tip tuyn i qua im
1 9 ( ; ) M . (H B_2008)
8. Cho hm s
4 2
2 4 y x x = , (1).
b. Vi cc gi tr no ca m , phng trnh
2 2
2 x x m = c 6 nghim thc phn bit?
0 1 ( ) m < < (H B_2009)
9. Cho hm s
2 1
1
x
y
x
, ( ) C .
b. Tm m ng thng 2 y x m = ct ( ) C ti hai im phn bit , A B sao cho tam gic
OAB c din tch bng 3 . 2 ( ) m = (H B_2010)
10. Cho hm s
( )
4 2
2 1 y x m x m = (1)
b. Tm m th hm s (1) c 3 im cc tr , , A B C sao cho OA BC = , trong O l gc ta
, A l cc tr thuc trc tung v , B C l hai cc tr cn li.
( )
2 2 2 m = (H B_2011)
11. Cho hm s
2
1
x
y
x
=
, (1).
b. Tm ( ) M C sao cho tip tuyn ca ( ) C ti M ct cc trc , Ox Oy ln lt ti cc im , A B
sao cho tam gic OAB c din tch bng
1
4
.
( )
1 2
1
2 1 1
2
; , ; M M
1 1
( ) ( )
(H D_2007)
12. Cho hm s
3 2
3 4 y x x = , (1).
b. Chng minh rng mi ng thng qua im 1 2 ( ; ) I vi h s gc k ( 3 k ) u ct ( ) C ti
3 im phn bit , , A I B ng thi I l trung im ca on thng AB . (H D_2008)
13. Cho hm s
4 2
3 2 3 ( ) y x m x m = c th ( )
m
C (m l tham s).
a. Kho st s bin thin v v th ca hm s khi 0 m = .
b. Tm m ng thng 1 y = ct th ( )
m
C ti 4 im phn bit c honh nh hn 2.

1
1 0
3
( , ) m m < < (H D_2009)
14. Cho hm s
4 2
6 y x x = , ( ) C .
b. Vit phng trnh tip tuyn vi th ( ) C , bit tip tuyn vung gc vi ng thng
1
1
6
y x = . 6 10 ( ) y x = (H D_2010)

Khaosat Hamso Onthi Dai Hoc

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Kho st hm s

nghch bin trn khong

ng bin trn khong

= = c hai nghim phn bit

= cng chnh l honh giao im ca y m = v

= = c ba nghim phn bit

= = c ba nghim phn bit

< < < (tha mn (2)).

(tha mn iu kin (1)). Vy cc gi tr

= = c hai nghim phn bit

c hai nghim phn bit

= . Phng trnh tip tuyn ca

. Giao im ca v d cch u hai trc ta

. Phng trnh d tip tuyn vi

, bit tip tuyn ct Ox v

. Phng trnh tip tuyn vi

. Phng trnh ny v nghim.

c hai nghim phn

ti hai im phn bit A v B sao cho A v B cch u im

c hai nghim phn bit

ng bin trn tng

, (1) (m l tham s).

, (1) (m l tham s).

nghch bin trn 1 [ ; ) .

, (1) (m l tham s).

, (1) (m l tham s).

, (1) (m l tham s).

, (1) (m l tham s).

, (1) (m l tham s).

c cc i v cc tiu nm v cng mt pha trc

, ( ) C . Chng minh rng khong tch cc khong cch t mt im bt k

, ( ) C . Tm tt c cc im ( ) M C sao cho khong cch t M n giao

, (1) (m l tham s).

( ) C v im ( ) M C . Gi I l giao im ca hai ng tim cn. Tip

i xng nhau qua 1 : d y x = .

. Vit phng trnh th ( ) C i xng vi ( ) C qua ng

cc cp im i xng vi nhau qua im

c 4 nghim phn bit? 3 ( ) m

, (1) (m l tham s).

, (1) (m l tham s).

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