Electron arrangement of neon : 2.

8 (octet) The Atoms are not achieved the stable electron arrangement (duplet or octet) . Atom should donate, accept or share electron with other atoms to achieved stable electron arrangement and react to form ionic or covalent compound. Why atom of others elements are not stable? FORMATION OF COMPOUNDS

Electron arrangement of Helium : 2 (duplet)

Atom of noble gas achieved the stable electron arrangement (duplet or octet). They do no need to donate, accept or sharing electron with other atoms. Thus cannot react with other atoms. Why inert gases are stable?

IONIC BONDS

CHEMICAL BONDS

COVALENTL BONDS Formed through Formed by sharing of electrons between non-metals

Formed through Formed by transfer of electrons from metal atom to non-metal Metal (Group 1,2,13) Non metal (Group 15,16,17)

Non-metal atoms share electron to achieve stable octet electron arrangement

Donate electron
Positive ions (cation)

Accept electron
Negative ions (anion)

Attracted by strong electrostatic force

Pull together by Weak Van Der Waals forces

Covalent compounds Ionic compounds Conduct electricity in molten High melting and boiling points Not conduct electricity Low melting points

Positive ion (cation) Sodium ions , Na+ +

Donate electron Sodium atom, Na

Atom (Neutral)

accept electron Chlorine atom, Cl

Negative ions (anion) Chlorine atom, Cl-

Donate electron

accept electron

2.8 Charge of 11 protons = +11 Charge of 10 electrons = -10 Total charge = +1 Formation of Sodium Chloride

2.8.1 Charge of 11 protons = +11 Charge of 11 electrons = -11 Total charge =0

2.8.7 Charge of 17 protons = +17 Charge of 17 electrons = -17 Total charge =0

2.8.8 Charge of 17 protons = +17 Charge of 18 electrons = -18 Total charge = -1 Formation of Magnesium Chloride

Na 2.8.1 Donate one electron 2.8

NaCl Electron arrangement

Cl 2.8.7 Accept one electron

to achieve the stable octet electron arrangement

2.8

Atom Magnesium has 2 valence electron and atom Cl has 7 valence electron Electron arrangement of magnesium atom is 2.8.2 Magnesium atom donate two electron to two atom chlorine form magnesium ion, Mg2+ and achieve a stable octet electron arrangement. Mg Mg2+ + 2e Electron arrangement of Chlorine atom is 2.8.7 Each chlorine atom accept one electron from magnesium atom to form chloride ion, Cl- and achieve the stable octet electron arrangement. Cl + e ClThe magnesium ion, Mg2+ and chloride ion, Cl- are attracted to each other with strong attraction force to form ionic compound, Magnesium chloride MgCl2 2+ -

Draw the diagram of the formation of sodium chloride, NaCl + -

Sodium ion, Na+ and chloride ion, Cl- are attracted to each other with strong attraction force to form sodium chloride compound, NaCl