Bi 2: Cc php ton trong LabVIEW

BI 2 CC PHP TON TRONG LabVIEW

H c xong bi ny, b n s n m c: - C u trc chung c a m t chng trnh LabVIEW - Ba quy t c vng khi l p trnh LabVIEW - Cc php ton trong LabVIEW - Lu file, tm v d , cc cng c tr gip

2.1. Chng trnh u tin: Php c ng hai s x, y n gi n, hy xem LabVIEW nh ph n m m so n th o vn b n Microsoft Office Word. V vi c so n th o vn b n trong Word cng tng t vi c t o ra Source Code trong LabVIEW. Hy cng lm th c hi n chng u tin Php c ng hai s x,y nh sau: Bnh th ng, c ng hai s x,y b ng my tnh b ti (pocket caculator) nh Hnh 2.1. V d x=2, y=3, th ta ph i nh n s 2, nh n d u +, v nh n s 3, sau nh n d u =, v k t qu s hi n th ra m t mn hnh LCD. Nh v y ta s c hai nt nh n (2 v 3) nh p gi tr , m t LCD hi n th gi tr ra c a php c ng, v hm c ng (+).

Hnh 2.1: My tnh b ti Trong LabVIEW, cc nt nh n c g i l cc Control, cc LCD g i l cc Indicator. Php c ng g i l hm (Function). Cc control v indicator s n m c a s tr c (Front panel), v hm n m c a s sau (Block diagram), cn g i l c a s ch a cc s kh i. Xem thm Hnh 2.2.
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L p trnh LabVIEW

TS. Nguy n B H i

Hnh 2.2: Phn tch v d t ng c a x v y By gi ta th c hi n trong LabVIEW. Kh i ng LabVIEW b ng All program> National instruments> LabVIEW 2009> cch vo: LabVIEW. H p tho i xu t hi n v b n ch n vo C a s giao di n LabVIEW xu t hi n nh Hnh 2.3.

Hnh 2.3: C a s giao di n LabVIEW khi m i kh i ng T o file m i: Tng t trnh t o vn b n Microsoft Office Word, t o file m i ta c 3 cch: ch n Blank VI (VI tr ng) (Ho c ch n: File> New ho c phm t t Ctrl+N), ta th y xu t hi n hai c a s - mu xm (Front
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Bi 2: Cc php ton trong LabVIEW

panel) v mu tr ng (Block diagram) nh trong Hnh 2.4. Nh n Ctrl+T canh u hai c a s Front panel (FP) v Block diagram (BD).

Hnh 2.4: Front panel v Block digram T o control nh p s 2 v 3 nh sau: - Click chu t ph i (Right click) ln front panel (FP) l y kh i Numeric Control b ng cch click ch n kh i nh[hnh 2.5].

Hnh 2.5: L y numeric control trn FP - R chu t ra vng tr ng c a FP , ch n v tr c n t Control ny.

- Nh n chu t tri (Left Click) chu t ph i th Control xu ng FP - Nh p ch A vo m c t en thay i tn kh i - Tng t ta t o kh i B c hai kh i A,B T o indicator hi n th k t qu c a t ng nh sau: - Right click ln FP, vo Num Inds (Numeric Indicator) l y kh i Numeric Indicator b ng cch click ch n kh i nh Hnh 2.6.
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L p trnh LabVIEW

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Hnh 2.6: L y numeric indicator trn FP - Th xu ng vng tr ng c a FP. - S a tn kh i ny thnh A+B. Ta c L y hm c ng (+) th c hi n php c ng hai s 2 v 3 b ng cch: - Right Click ln Block Diagram (BD). Ch n vo d u mi hai mi tn x c a s xu ng.

Hnh 2.7: L y hm c ng t i BD - Ch n vo th vi n Ho c ch n Express> , ch n vo , ch n hm c ng , ch n hm c ng nh Hnh 2.8. .

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Bi 2: Cc php ton trong LabVIEW

Hnh 2.8: L y hm c ng t i BD - t ra vng tr ng trong BD (khng th t hm t i FP). Ta c

- Di chu t ra cc v tr u (hnh c a cc kh i Control v Indicator), s th y hnh cu n ch hi n ra, - Left Click khi cu n ch hi n ra, sau r chu t t i u n i c a hm c ng r i nh t Left Click k t n i. - Tng t , ta n i B vo hm c ng. V n i u nh n bn ph i c a tam gic hm c ng vo Indicator A+B (Xem v d ny trong CD km theo t i - Ta c ng d n: CD/Bi 2/Vi du2-1 - Phep cong hai so A,B.vi Ch y chng trnh - Nh p gi tr 2 vo Control A, 3 vo Control B - Nh n nt Run c hnh tam gic c ch y chng trnh. bn FP ho c bn BD u

- Indicator A+B xu t ra gi tr (tr v gi tr ) 5: Nh v y, b n v a hon thnh chng trnh u tin trong LabVIEW. Xin chc m ng b n! Lu : Th vi n hm Express l t p con c a th vi n Programming. Ni cch khc l nh ng hm t trong th vi n Express u c trong th vi n Programming. Th vi n Express ch ch a nh ng hm th ng dng.
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2.2. Phn tch c u trc m t bi trnh LabVIEW Qua v d m c 2.1 ta th y, m t chng trnh LabVIEW (d n gi n nh t hay ph c t p nh t cng c t o nn m t cch r t n gi n t 4 thnh ph n c b n sau: cc kh i Control ng vai tr input (hay gi tr nh p vo), cc Indicator ng vai tr Ouput (gi tr hi n th ra, k t qu ), cc hm v cc ng dy n i (wire) cc kh i v hm l i. N u b n th c hi n c chng trnh php c ng trn th m i chng trnh ph c t p sau ny b n cng s hon ton th c hi n c khi theo di k cc t p sch ny. Cc Control th lun n i vo cc nt bn tri c a hm. Cc Indicator th lun n i vo cc nt bn tri c a hm nh Hnh 2.9. c i m ny l m t lu v cng quan tr ng khi s d ng qui t c vng Change to sau ny.
Nt bn ph i

Cc nt bn tri

Hnh 2.9: Cc nt bn tri v bn ph i c a hm c ng Ta cng nh n th y, cc Control th c cc nt mi tn ln-xu ng tng gi m gi tr (ho c nh p tr c ti p vo Control). Cc Indicator th khng th nh p gi tr vo. Control th c mu tr ng, cn Indicator th c mu xm. M t Control c th i thnh Indicator (ho c Constant) b ng cch nh p Right Click ln Control c n i, ch n Change to Indicator. Ho c ng c l i, m t Indicator c th i thnh Control b ng php Change to Control c c p chi ti t m c 2.3. Constant chnh l m t Control c gi tr khng i su t th i gian ch y (Run) chng trnh. Cc Control v Indicator u c nh c a chnh mnh bn BD, nh ny t ng t o ra khi ta l y cc Control v Indicator bn FP. B n c bi t? H ng d n th c hi n php c ng ny cn c trnh by d i d ng Video Clip c th download c mi n ph t http://labview.hocdelam.org.

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Bi 2: Cc php ton trong LabVIEW

2.3. Ba quy t c vng Ba quy t c vng l nh ng ho t ng ph i th c hi n lin t c trong su t qu trnh l p trnh LabVIEW. Ba quy t c ny l: Quy t c 1: Right Click> Create/Replace/Change to l y cc kh i, t o kh i, thay th kh i v i ch c nng kh i. Quy t c 2: Ctrl + H xem s chn c a hm v c h ng d n tm t t c a m t hm b t k (context help). Quy t c 3: Search tm ki m cc hm, i t ng N u bi t k t h p cc quy t c ny, vi c l p trnh LabVIEW c a b n s t hi u qu cao nh: rt ng n th i gian, gi m b t cc cng o n vo th vi n l y Control, Indicator, vv. Hy xem cch p d ng quy t c th nh t (Quy t c 1) trong v d tnh t ng hai s A+B trn nh sau: - L y hm c ng t BD nh Hnh 2.8 - R chu t vo 2 nt pha tri hm (Hnh 2.9) cho t i khi hnh cu n ch . Right Click, ch n Create, ch n Control. hi n ra

Hnh 2.10: Cch t o Control theo quy t c vng 1 - Tng t , ta t o Control th 2. - R chu t ln nt bn tri cn l i c a hm. Right Click, Ch n Create, Ch n Indicator nh Hnh 2.11.

Hnh 2.11: Cch t o Indicator theo quy t c vng 1 Nh v y, khi p d ng quy t c vng 1 gip b qua vi c l y cc Control v Indicator t FP v gip vi c l p trnh tr nn nhanh hn, h n ch s l n Click chu t tm cc kh i c n thi t trong l p trnh.
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L p trnh LabVIEW

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V quy t c Ctrl+H, hy l y hm c ng ra t i Block Diagram, v nh n Ctrl+H, sau a chu t ln hm c ng. Ta s th y s chn v l i gi i thch v hm c ng, n u nh n ti p Ctrl+H l n n a th s chn s n i.

Hnh 2.12: Context help hi n th s chn c a Control (x,y) v Indicator (x+y) V quy t c Search, b n ch n Right Click vo FP ho c BD, sau ch n ch Search gc ph i pha trn c a h p tho i th vi n hm, sau g tn ti ng anh c a cc control ho c indicator ( i v i FP) ho c tn hm ( i v i BD) th s d dng tm ra cc hm. Cch ny gip ng i l p trnh ti t ki m th i gian trong vi c tm ki m cc hm. Hy yn tm n u b n khng gi i ti ng Anh v b n c th d dng tra c u tn c a control, indicator ho c tn hm b ng cc t i n Vi t-Anh ho c cng c Google Translate tr c tuy n. Ngoi ra, b n cng c n lu t i cc v d c s n c a LabVIEW tm th y trong menu Help> Find examples tm cc v d (Example) c s n trong LabVIEW. Cc v d ny gip b n ti t ki m ng k th i gian tm hi u v lm ch LabVIEW. 2.4. Cc php ton thng th ng T bi ton trn, ta c th vi t chng trnh tnh tch v t ng hai s A,B nh Hnh 2.13. th c hi n, b n ch c n l y thm hm nhn (cng v tr v i hm c ng trong BD), sau a chu t ln dy n i t A n hm c ng , Click chu t tri ln dy ny, v n i vo u vo c a hm nhn.

Hnh 2.13: Tnh tch v t ng hai s A,B

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Bi 2: Cc php ton trong LabVIEW

Ph n ny h ng d n cch lm cc php ton thng th ng trong LabVIEW nh php chia l y d, php tnh cn b c 2, hm s m, tr tuy t i, nhn v i -1, vv. Chu t ph i trn BD, Ch n Programming, Ch n Numeric, ta l y hm cn b c hai v chia l y d . T o cc Contronl v Indicator nh hnh. Ta s tnh c cn c a A l 1.41421. V v i php chia B cho C (10:3) ta c ph n nguyn l 3, ph n d l 1.

Hnh 2.14: Php tnh cn v chia l y d Tng t , ta c php tr tuy t i v nhn v i -1 nh trong Hnh 2.15. Hy m file v d 3: cc php tnh tham kh o chng trnh m u

Hnh 2.15: Php tr tuy t i v nhn v i -1 B n c th xem v d v cc php ton trong CD km theo sch t i th m c CD/Bi 2/Vi du2-2 Cac phep toan.vi 2.5. Lu file, m file, tm v d , cng c tr gip Trong LabVIEW, lu file ta ch n File, Save, Ch ng d n v tr lu file v t tn cho file c n lu l Vi du 1, nh n OK. i v i file chng trnh LabVIEW th ui c a n l .VI (tng t nh vn b n trong Microsoft Word c ui l .DOC ho c .DOCX). Ch VI vi t t t c a ch Virtual Instrumentation thi t b o.

Hnh 2.16: Lu file

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L p trnh LabVIEW

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t o lu file hi n t i ang m thnh m t file m i ta ch n Save As, h p tho i nh Hnh 2.17 sau s hi n ra. ngha c a ba l a ch n trong m c Copy l: - Substitute c ngha File m i t o s c m , file c s ng l i. - Create c ngha file c s c m , file m i t o c ng l i. - Open c ngha c hai file c v m i t o s c m . N u b n ch n m c Rename th khng c file m i no c t o ra nhng b n c th thay i tn c a file hi n t i.

Hnh 2.17: Cc l a ch n khi lu file b ng Save As m file, ta vo File, Open v ch n File c n m . Lu , cc file LabVIEW c l p trnh b i LabVIEW phin b n qu c s khng m c b ng ph n m m LabVIEW phin b n cao. V b n cng khng th m cc file c lu b ng LabVIEW c phin b n cao hn b ng LabVIEW c phin b n th p hn. kh c ph c i u ny, b n hy s d ng ch c nng Save for previous version (trong File) khi mu n file c a b n c th m b ng cc phin b n LabVIEW th p hn. Context Help nh m gip gi i thch cc hm, cc i t ng trong LabVIEW l m t cng c v cng thi t th c. hi n Context Help c a b t k hm no b n cha n m r cch dng, Ch n Ctrl + H. Sau a chu t ln hm b t k (v d , hm tnh cn b c 2), ta s th y Context Help hi n ra. lm m t Context Help, ta nh n Ctrl + H m t l n n a.

Hnh 2.18: Nh n Ctrl + H v a chu t vo v tr hm th y Context Help

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Bi 2: Cc php ton trong LabVIEW

c chi ti t Context Help, b n ch n Detailed Help mu xanh. T Detailed Help, b n c th cu n chu t xu ng d i cng m cc v d c s n trong LabVIEW tham kh o thm v hm ang tm hi u. H c qua v d l m t phng php t t cho nh ng ng i m i b t u. 2.6. Ph n c thm Ph n ny gi i thi u tm t t cc th vi n c a LabVIEW n m trong BD. Khi m BD c a LabVIEW b n th y c r t nhi u th vi n nh trong hnh 2.19.

Hnh 2.19: Cc th vi n hm trong LabVIEW Cc th vi n c ngha nh sau: Programming l ni ch a h tr cng c , hm l p trnh ni chung (gi ng cc ngn ng khc nh C, Matlab, vv) SignalExpress h tr thu th p d li u, hi n th tn hi u trn my tnh. Advanced Signal Processing Toolkit h tr x l ti n hi u nng cao. Control Design and Simulation h tr xy d ng cc m hnh ng l c h c c a cc h th ng v thi t k b i u khi n (gi ng Matlab Simulink). Digital Filter Design Toolkit h tr thi t k b l c s . PID and Fuzzy Logic Toolkit h tr thi t k b i u khi n PID ho c Fuzzy Logic FPGA h tr l p trnh FPGA
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L p trnh LabVIEW

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Real-Time h tr l p trnh ng d ng th i gian th c Internet Toolkit h tr giao ti p qua m ng Internet. Database Connectivity Toolkit h tr k t n i c s d li u. Vision Development Module h tr cng c pht tri n h th ng thu th p v x l nh. Simulation Interface Toolkit cho php k t n i LabVIEW v Matlab Simulink. Vision and Motion h tr l p trnh chuy n ng nhi u b c. LabVIEW Embedded Modudle l modun l p trnh nhng, dng l p trnh vi i u khi n. Express: L ni ch a cc hm th ng dng. Cc hm th ng dng l t p con c a th vi n LabVIEW Programming. Trong cc th vi n th th vi n Programming l quan tr ng nh t. chnh l ni ch a ton b hm c s c a mi tr ng l p trnh h a LabVIEW. V t p sch ny, chng ta s d ng cc hm trong Programming, sau p d ng cc hm ny b t tay vo th c hnh thu th p d li u, i u khi n PID ng c DC,v i ph n c ng th c. T ng module trn s trnh by chi ti t trong cc t p sch xu t b n t i y. Cc yu c u v ng gp cho cc t p sch ti p theo, vui lng lin h tc gi qua E-mail: bahai.ce@gmail.com. 2.7. Bi t p Cu 1: Nu ngha c a Front Panel v Block Diagram. Cu 2: Nu c u trc chung c a m t chng trnh LabVIEW Cu 3: Vi t chng trnh th c hi n php c ng, tr , nhn, chia hai s A,B. A,B c nh p vo t bn phm. Cu 4: Vi t chng trnh tnh hai php tnh sau bi t A,B,C,n c nh p vo t bn phm. a)
n

A (17 B C )

b) 1102 A

2 B 3C 2011 BD tm hm

c)

2011( A B) (g i cu 4c: Hy ch n cng c search C power of x).

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