Thanh pho Ho Ch Minh

Khoa: Cong nghe Hoa & Thc pham

Bo mon: Qua trnh va Thiet b

O AN
MON HOC: O AN MON HOC QT&TB. MA SO:
605040
Ho va ten sinh vien:
Lp:
Nganh (neu co):
1. au e o an:

2. Nhiem vu (noi dung yeu cau va so lieu ban au):

3. Noi dung cac phan thuyet minh va tnh toan:

Xem phan muc luc
4. Cac ban ve va o th (loai va kch thc ban ve):
Gom 2 ban ve A1: ban ve quy trnh cong nghe va ban ve chi
tiet thiet b
5. Ngay giao o an: 6/10/2009
6. Ngay hoan thanh o an: 18/01/2010
7. Ngay bao ve hay cham: 25/01/2010
Ngay 6 thang 10 nam 2009
CHU NHIEM BO MON
NGI
HNG
DAN
(Ky va ghi ro ho ten)
(Ky va ghi ro ho
ten)

NHAN XET O AN
Can bo hng dan. Nhan xet: _________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
iem: _____________

Ch ky: _______________

Can bo cham hay Hoi ong bao ve. Nhan xet: _________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
iem: _____________

Ch ky: _______________

iem tong

MUC LUC
trang

LI M AU
CHNG I : TONG QUAN .....................................................................................
I . LY THUYET VE CHNG CAT
1 . Phng phap chng cat
2 . Thiet b chng cat:
II . GII THIEU S BO NGUYEN LIEU
1 . Etanol
2 . Nc
3 . Hon hp Etanol Nc
III . CONG NGHE CHNG CAT HE ETANOL NC
CHNG II: CAN BANG VAT CHAT
I . CAC THONG SO BAN AU
II . XAC NH SUAT LNG SAN PHAM NH VA SAN PHAM
AY
III . XAC NH T SO HOAN LU THCH HP
1 . T so hoan lu toi thieu
2 . T so hoan lu thch hp
IV . PHNG TRNH NG LAM VIEC SO MAM LY THUYET
1 . Phng trnh ng nong o lam viec cua oan cat
2 . Phng trnh ng nong o lam viec cua oan chng
3 . So mam ly thuyet
V . XAC NH SO MAM THC TE
CHNG III :TNH TOAN THIET KE THAP CHNG CAT
I . NG KNH THAP
1 . ng knh oan cat
2 . ng knh oan chng
II . MAM LO TR LC CUA MAM
1 . Cau tao mam lo

2 . o giam ap cua pha kh qua mot mam

3 . Kiem tra ngap lut khi thap hoat ong :
III . TNH TOAN C KH CUA THAP
1 . Be day than thap :
2 . ay va nap thiet b :
3 . Bch ghep than, ay va nap :
4 . ng knh cac ong dan Bch ghep cac ong dan :
5 . Tai treo va chan :
CHNG IV : TNH TOAN THIET B TRUYEN NHIET- THIET B PHU
I . CAC THIET B TRUYEN NHIET
1 . Thiet b ngng tu san pham nh
2 . Thiet b lam nguoi san pham nh
3 . Noi un gia nhiet san pham ay
4 . Thiet b trao oi nhiet gia nhap lieu va san pham ay
5 . Thiet gia nhiet nhap lieu
II. TNH BAO ON CUA THIET B
III . TNH TOAN BM NHAP LIEU
1 . Tnh chieu cao bon cao v
2 . Chon bm
CHNG V : GIA THANH THIET B
I . TNH S BO GIA THANH CUA THIET B
II . KET LUAN
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

LI M AU

Mot trong nhng nganh co s ong gop to ln en nganh cong

nghiep nc ta noi rieng va the gii noi chung, o la nganh cong
nghiep hoa hoc. ac biet la nganh hoa chat c ban.
Hien nay, trong nhieu nganh san suat hoa hoc cung nh s dung san
pham hoa hoc, nhu cau s dung nguyen lieu hoac san pham co o tinh
khiet cao phai phu hp vi quy trnh san suat hoac nhu cau s dung.
Ngay nay, cac phng phap c s dung e nang cao o tinh khiet:
trch ly, chng cat, co ac, hap thu Tuy theo ac tnh yeu cau cua san
pham ma ta co s la chon phng phap thch hp. oi vi he Etanol Nc la 2 cau t tan lan hoan toan, ta phai dung phng phap chng
cat e nang cao o tinh khiet cho Etanol.
o an mon hoc Qua trnh va Thiet b la mot mon hoc mang tnh
tong hp trong qua trnh hoc tap cua cac ky s hoa- th c pham tng
lai. Mon hoc giup sinh vien giai quyet nhiem vu tnh toan cu the ve:
yeu cau cong nghe, ket cau, gia thanh cua mot thiet b trong san
xuat hoa chat - thc pham. ay la bc au tien e sinh vien van
dung nhng kien thc a hoc cua nhieu mon hoc vao giai quyet nhng
van e ky thuat thc te mot cach tong hp.
Nhiem vu cua AMH la thiet ke thap chng cat he Etanol - Nc hoat
ong lien tuc vi nang suat nhap lieu : 1000 kg/h co nong o 10% mol
etanol ,thu c san pham nh co nong o 85% mol etanol vi o thu
hoi etanol la 99%.
Em chan thanh cam n cac qu thay co bo mon May & Thiet B, cac
ban sinh vien a giup em hoan thanh o an nay. Tuy nhien, trong qua
trnh hoan thanh o an khong the khong co sai sot, em rat mong qu
thay co gop y, ch dan.

CHNG I : TONG QUAN.

I . LY THUYET VE CHNG CAT:

1 . Phng phap chng cat :
Chng cat la qua trnh phan tach hon hp long (hoac kh long)
thanh cac cau t rieng biet da vao s khac nhau ve o bay hi cua
chung (hay nhiet o soi khac nhau cung ap suat), bang cach lap i
lap lai nhieu lan qua trnh bay hi - ngng tu, trong o vat chat i t pha
long vao pha hi hoac ngc lai. Khac vi co ac, chng cat la qua
trnh trong o ca dung moi va chat tan eu bay hi, con co ac la qua
trnh trong o ch co dung moi bay hi.
Khi chng cat ta thu c nhieu cau t va thng th bao nhieu cau
t se thu c bay nhieu san pham. Neu xet he n gian ch co 2
he cau t th ta thu c 2 san pham: san pham nh chu yeu gom
gom cau t co o bay hi ln (nhiet o soi nho ), san pham ay
chu yeu gom cau t co o bay hi be(nhiet o soi ln) .oi vi he
Etanol - Nc san pham nh chu yeu gom etanol va mot t nc ,
ngc lai san pham ay chu yeu gom nc va mot t etanol.
Cac phng phap chng cat: c phan loai theo:
Ap suat lam viec : chng cat ap suat thap, ap suat thng va
ap suat cao. Nguyen tac cua phng phap nay la da vao nhiet
o soi cua cac cau t, neu nhiet o soi cua cac cau t qua
cao th ta giam ap suat lam viec e giam nhiet o soi cua cac
cau t.
Nguyen ly lam viec: lien tuc, gian oan(chng n gian) va lien
tuc.
* Chng cat n gian(gian oan): phng phap nay uc s dung
trong cac trng hp sau:
+ Khi nhiet o soi cua cac cau t khac xa nhau.
+ Khong oi hoi san pham co o tinh khiet cao.
+ Tach hon hp long ra khoi tap chat khong bay hi.
+ Tach s bo hon hp nhieu cau t.
* Chng cat hon hp hai cau t (dung thiet b hoat ong lien tuc)
la qua trnh c thc hien lien tuc, nghch dong, nheu oan.
Phng phap cat nhiet ay thap: cap nhiet trc tiep bang hi
nc: thng c ap dung trng hp chat c tach khong tan
trong nc .

Vay: oi vi he Etanol Nc, ta chon phng phap chng cat lien

tuc cap nhiet gian tiep bang noi un ap suat thng.

2 . Thiet b chng cat:

Trong san xuat thng s dung rat nhieu loai thap nhng chung eu
co mot yeu cau c ban la dien tch be mat tiep xuc pha phai ln
,ieu nay phu thuoc vao o phan tan cua lu chat nay vao lu chat
kia .
Thap chng cat rat phong phu ve kch c va ng dung ,cac thap
ln nhat thng c ng dung trong cong nghiep loc hoa dau. Kch
thc cua thap : ng knh thap va chieu cao thap tuy thuoc suat
lng pha long, pha kh cua thap va o tinh khiet cua san pham. Ta
khao sat 2 loai thap chng cat thng dung la thap mam va thap
chem.
Thap mam: than thap hnh tru, thang ng pha trong co gan cac
mam co cau tao khac nhau e chia than thap thanh nhng oan
bang nhau, tren mam pha long va pha hi c cho tiep xuc vi
nhau. Tuy theo cau tao cua a, ta co:
* Thap mam chop : tren mam bo tr co chep dang:tron ,xu
bap ,ch s
* Thap mam xuyen lo: tren mam bo tr cac lo co ng knh
(3-12) mm.
Thap chem(thap em): thap hnh tru, gom nhieu oan noi vi
nhau bang mat bch hay han. Vat chem c cho vao thap theo mot
trong hai phng phap: xep ngau nhien hay xep th t.
* So sanh u va nhc iem cua cac loai thap :
Thap chem.
u iem:

Thap
xuyen lo.

mam
Thap mam chop.

- n gian.

- Hieu suat tng

oi cao.
- Hieu suat cao.

- Tr lc thap.

- Hoat ong kha - Hoat ong

on nh.
nh.

on

- Lam viec vi
chat long ban.
Nhc
iem:

- Hieu
thap.

suat
- Tr lc kha cao.

- Cau tao phc

tap.

- Yeu cau lap at

- o on nh khat khe -> lap a
kem.
that phang.
- Tr lc ln.
-

Thiet

- Khong lam viec

vi
ban.

nang.

chat

long

Nhan xet: thap mam xuyen lo la trang thai trung gian gia
thap chem va thap mam chop. Nen ta chon thap chng cat la
thap mam xuyen lo.
Vay: Chng cat he Etanol - Nc ta dung thap mam xuyen lo hoat
ong lien tuc ap suat thng, cap nhiet gian tiep ay thap .

Chng III: CAN BNG VT CHT & NNG LNG:

A. Can bang vat chat:
I. Cac ky hieu s dung:
GF, GD, GW (kg/ngay):
F, D, W (kmol/ngay):

x F , x D , xW (kg etylic/kg hh):

xF, xD, xW (kmol etylic/kmol hh):

suat lng khoi lng cua nhap lieu,

san pham nh, san pham ay
suat lng mol cua nhap lieu, san
pham nh, san pham ay
nong o khoi lng cua nhap lieu,
san pham nh, san pham ay
nong o phan mol cua nhap lieu, san
pham nh, san pham ay

II. So lieu ban au:

- Nang suat theo san pham nh: GD = 2000 lt/ngay
- Nong o nhap lieu: xF = 40% mol ethanol
- Nong o san pham nh: 95% the tch etanol
- Ty le thu hoi ethanol: 99%
- Khoi lng phan t cua etanol va nc: ME =46, MN =18
Chon:
+ Lam viec lien tuc
D = 0,79 kg/l => GD = 2000.0,79 = 1580 kg/ngay
+ Nhiet o nhap lieu: tF = 61,4oC
+ Nhiet o san pham nh sau khi lam nguoi: tD =35oC
+ Nhiet o san pham ay sau khi trao oi nhiet: tW = 35oC
+ Trang thai nhap lieu la trang thai long soi

Chon E = 0,736 kg/l, N = 0.972 kg/l

nh:

xD

95.0.736
95 .0,736 (100 95 ).0,972

= 93,5% khoi lng etanol

III. Phng trnh can bang vat chat :

XAC NH SUAT LNG SAN PHAM NH VA SAN PHAM
AY:
Can bang vat chat cho toan thap:
F
(III.1)
Can bang cau t ethanol (cau t nhe):
F.xF
(III.2)
Ty le thu hoi (99%):
F.xF.
(III.3)
Chuyen oi phan khoi lng ve phan mol
x=

x/ME

D.xD + W.xW

D.xD

x / M E 1 x / M N

(III.4)
Chuyen oi phan mol ve phan khoi lng
M E .x
x
M E .x (1 x).M N

(III.5)

Khoi lng mol trung bnh cua cac dong M = x.ME + (1-x).MN
(III.6)
Vi: * Phan mol san pham nh: x D = 0,935 phan k.l etanol, suy ra:
xD =
=

x/ME

x / M E 1 x / M N
0,935 / 46
0,935 / 46 1 0,935 / 18

= 0,85 phan mol ethanol

Khoi lng phan t trung bnh dong san pham nh:
MD = 46 .x D (1 x D ).18 = 46.0,85 (1 0,85).18 =41,8 (Kg/Kmol)

D=

GD
1580
=
= 37,8 (Kmol/ngay)
MD
41,8

* Phan mol nhap lieu: xF = 40% mol ethanol, suy ra:

xF

46 .x F
46 .0,4
= 63% k.l etanol

46 .x F (1 x F ). 18 46 .0,4 (1 0,4).18

Khoi lng phan t trung bnh dong nhap lieu:

MF = 46 .x F (1 x F ).18 = 46.0,4 (1 0,4).18 = 29,2 (Kg/Kmol)
T (III.3), suy ra:

F=

D.x D
.x F

37 ,8.0,85
= 81,14 (Kmol/ngay)
0,99 .0,4

GF = F.MF = 29,2.81,14 = 2369,3 (Kg/ngay)

* Dong san pham ay:
T (III.1), suy ra:

W = F D = 81,14 37,8 = 43,34 (Kmol/ngay)

T (III.1), suy ra:

xW =

xW

F .x F D.x D
= 0,0075 phan mol etanol
FD

46 .x W
46 .0,0075
= 1,9% k.l etanol

46 .xW (1 xW ). 18 46 .0,0075 (1 0,0075 ). 18

Khoi lng phan t trung bnh dong san pham ay:

MW = 46 .xW (1 xW ).18 = 46.0,0075 (1 0,0075).18 =18,21 (Kg/Kmol)
GW = GF GD = 2369,3 1580 = 789,3 (Kg/ngay)
Bang ket qua tnh toan can bang vat chat theo cong thc t
(III.1) en (III.6) c cho bang 1
Bang 1
Cac ai
lng

nhap
lieu F

san
pham
nh D

san
pham
ay W

lu lng
mol
Kmol/ngay

81,14

37,8

43,34

lu lng k.l
Kg/ngay

2639,3

1580

189,3

x, phan mol

0,40

0,85

0,0075

0,63

0,935

0,019

x,

phan

khoilng

M, Kg/Kmol

IV.

29,2

41,8

18,21

Tnh ch so hoan lu thch hp

IV.1 Tnh ch so hoan lu toi thieu Rmin:

- T so hoan lu toi thieu la che o lam viec ma tai o ng
vi so mam ly thuyet la vo cc. Do o, chi ph co nh la vo
cc nhng chi ph ieu hanh (nhien lieu ,nc va bm) la toi
thieu
- Do o th can bang cua he Etanol-Nc co iem uon ,nen xac
nh t so hoan lu toi thieu bang cach :
+Tren o th can bang y-x, t iem B(0,85;0,85) ta ke mot ng
thang tiep tuyen vi ng can bang tai iem uon, cat truc Oy tai
iem co yo = 0,289
+Theo phng trnh ng lam viec oan cat, khi xo =0 th
yo =

xD
Rm in 1

= 0,289

Vay, t so hoan lu toi thieu: Rmin = 1,943

IV.2 Tnh ch so hoan lu thch hp: Rth
- Ta co R = .Rmin ( = 1.2 2.5)
Khi R tang, so mam se giam nhng ng knh thap, thiet b ngng tu
,noi un va cong e bm cung tang theo. Chi ph co nh se giam dan
en cc tieu roi tang en vo cc khi hoan lu toan phan, lng nhiet
va lng nc s dung cung tang theo t so hoan lu
Tong chi ph bao gom: chi ph co nh va chi ph ieu hanh. T so
hoan lu thch hp ng vi tong chi ph la cc tieu
Tuy nhien ,oi khi cac chi ph ieu hanh rat phc tap, kho kiem soat
nen ngi ta co the tnh t so hoan lu thch hp t ieu kien thap
nho nhat. e tnh c t so hoan lu thch hp theo ieu kien thap
nho nhat (khong tnh en chi ph ieu hanh), ta can lap moi quan he
gia t so hoan lu va the tch thap, t o chon Rth ng vi the tch
thap la nho nhat
Nhan thay, tiet dien thap t le vi lng hi i trong thap, ma lng
hi lai t le vi lng long hoi lu trong thap, do trong ieu kien lam
viec nhat nh th GD se khong oi nen lng long hoi lu se t le vi
(R+1); do o, tiet dien thap se t le vi (R+1). Ngoai ra, chieu cao thap
t le vi so n v chuyen khoi mox hay so mam ly thuyet Nlt. Cho nen,
the tch lam viec cua thap t le vi tch so Nlt*(R+1) .Nh vay, ta co

the thiet lap quan he gia R va Vthap theo quan he R va Nlt*(R+1) .T

o th cua quan he nay ,ta xac nh c iem cc tieu cua N lt*(R+1)
ng vi t so hoan lu thch hp R

-Ta cho cac gia tr cu the cua . ng vi moi gia tr cua ta co R tng
ng. T o, ve ng lam viec phan cat va ng nay cat ng
nhap lieu tai mot iem C. ng lam viec phan chng se i qua iem C
va iem A(xW ;yW)
- Bang cach ve ng bac thang gia phan chng va phan cat e co
c so mam (so bac thay oi nong o) tng ng. Do nhap lieu trang
thai long soi nen ta co
+Phng trnh ng lam viec phan cat:

y=

R
xD
.x +
R 1
R 1

+Phng trnh ng lam viec phan chng:

y=

R f
f 1
.x .xW
R 1
R 1

Vi

f=

F 81,14
=
= 2,147
D
37 ,8

-Khao sat s quan he R Nlt.(R+1) ta c ket qua cho bang 2

Bang 2

Rmin

1.943

Nlt

Nlt.(R+1)

1.2

2.3316

34

113.152

1.4

2.7202

26

96.616

1.6

311%

21.5

88.236

1.8

3.4974

19

85.348

3.886

17.7

86.376

2.2

4.2746

16.7

87.9756

2.4

4.6632

15.9

89.9304

Nl

t.(R+1)

115

110

105

100

95

90

85

80
2

2.5

3.5

4.5

Qua o th, ta thay Nlt.(R+1)min tai R = 3,6

Nlt = 18 (mam)
Nhap lieu tai v tr mam so 16 (tnh t tren xuong)

B. Can bang nang lng:

Tnh nhiet dung rieng hon hp cho cac dong
Chh = X .CE + (1 -X) CN (1-6)
CE, CN : nhiet dung rieng cua ru , nc c tra theo nhiet o (TL1)

Tnh o nht hon hp cho cac dong

loghh = X log E + (1- X ) logN( 1-7 )

E ,N ( N.s/m2 ) : o nht ong hoc cua ru , nc tra theo nhiet o

(TL1)

Tnh nhiet hoa hi cua hon hp cho cac dong

r = X rE + (1- X ) rN
(1-8)

Tnh khoi lng rieng cua hon hp cho cac dong

=X E +(1-X ) N
(1-9)
E , N (kg/m3) :khoi lng rieng cua ru , nc tra theo nhiet o (TL1)

Ket qua tnh toan theo cong thc t (1-6) c cho bang 3
Bang 3
T (C )

CN (j/kg)

CE (j/kg)

C (j/kg)

27

4186.7

2560.5

3452.16

43

4182

2749

3537.15

82.5

420.1

3257.5

3776.425

X P =0.005

100

4218.74

3520

4215.25

X W =0.92

78.5

4198

3201.25

3280.99

55.25

4185.19

2908.25

3010.4

84

4202.4

3280

4197.788

X F =0.45

Ket qua tnh toan theo cong thc t (1-7) c cho bang 4

Bang 4 : Cac thong so hoa ly cua cac dong

T (C)

E (cp )

N (cp )

( cp )

XP =0.8182

78.5

0.447

0.365

0.431

XF=0.2425

82.5

0.421

0.348

0.364

XW=0.00196

100

0.326

0.284

0.284

XTB,L=0.53035

79.75

0.43695

0.3584

0.3981

0.405025

0.336925 0.3446

XTB,C=0.12223 85.5

Ket qua tnh toan theo cong thc t (1-8) c cho bang 5
Bang 5
T (C)

rE 10-3 ( j/kg)

rN10-3 ( j/kg)

r10-3 ( j/kg)

X F =0.45

82.5

X P =0.92

78.5

848.246

2346.702

968.122

X W =0.005

100

812.2392

2256.6852

2249.46297

Ket qua tnh toan theo cong thc t (1-9) c cho bang 6
Bang 6
T (C)

E (kg/m3)

N (kg/m3)

(kg/m3)

X= 0.53035

79.75

735.2375

972.1375

846.4976

X=0.12223

85.5

729.775

975.575

945.5287

X=0.005

100

716

958

956.38

X=0.8182

78.5

717.425

959.05

761.35

I. CBNL cho thiet b un nong hon hp au

Tnh nhiet dung rieng hon hp cho cac dong

Chh = x CE + (1 -X) CN (1-6)

CE , CN : nhiet dung rieng cua ru , nc c tra theo nhiet o (TL1)

Tnh o nht hon hp cho cac dong

loghh = X log E + (1- X ) logN ( 1-7 )

E ,N ( Ns/m2 ) : o nht ong hoc cua ru , nc tra theo nhiet o

(TL1)

Tnh nhiet hoa hi cua hon hp cho cac dong

r = X rE + (1- X ) rN
(1-8)

Tnh khoi lng rieng cua hon hp cho cac dong

=X E +(1-X ) N
(1-9)
E , N (kg/m3) :khoi lng rieng cua ru , nc tra theo nhiet o (TL1)

Ket qua tnh toan theo cong thc t (1-6) c cho bang 3
Bang 3

X F =0.45

T (C )

CN (j/kg)

CE (j/kg)

C (j/kg)

27

4186.7

2560.5

3452.16

43

4182

2749

3537.15

82.5

420.1

3257.5

3776.425

X P =0.005

100

4218.74

3520

4215.25

X W =0.92

78.5

4198

3201.25

3280.99

55.25

4185.19

2908.25

3010.4

84

4202.4

3280

4197.788

Ket qua tnh toan theo cong thc t (1-7) c cho bang 4

Bang 4 : Cac thong so hoa ly cua cac dong

T (C)

E (cp )

N (cp )

( cp )

XP =0.8182

78.5

0.447

0.365

0.431

XF=0.2425

82.5

0.421

0.348

0.364

XW=0.00196

100

0.326

0.284

0.284

XTB,L=0.53035

79.75

0.43695

0.3584

0.3981

0.405025

0.336925 0.3446

XTB,C=0.12223 85.5

Ket qua tnh toan theo cong thc t (1-8) c cho bang 5
Bang 5
T (C)

rE 10-3 ( j/kg)

rN10-3 ( j/kg)

r10-3 ( j/kg)

X F =0.45

82.5

X P =0.92

78.5

848.246

2346.702

968.122

X W =0.005

100

812.2392

2256.6852

2249.46297

Ket qua tnh toan theo cong thc t (1-9) c cho bang 6
Bang 6
T (C)

E (kg/m3)

N (kg/m3)

(kg/m3)

X= 0.53035

79.75

735.2375

972.1375

846.4976

X=0.12223

85.5

729.775

975.575

945.5287

X=0.005

100

716

958

956.38

X=0.8182

78.5

717.425

959.05

761.35

I. CBNL cho thiet b un nong hon hp au

Chng IV: TNH TOAN THIET B CHNH

I. Lu lng cac dong pha i trong thap:
I.1. Lu lng khoi lng trung bnh cua long cho oan luyen & oan chng
- Lu lng khoi lng trung bnh cua long cho oan luyen:
M
1580
35,5
Gx,L = GD.R. L =
= 0,0559 (kg/s)
.3,6.
M D 86400
41,8
- Lu lng khoi lng trung bnh cua long cho oan chng:
M
1580
23,705
Gx,C = GD.R. C =
= 0,0430 (kg/s)
.3,6.
MD
86400
41,8
Vi: ML, MC - khoi lng mol trung bnh cua long cho oan luyen & oan chng
cua thap
ML = xTB,L.ME + (1- xTB,L).MN

MC = xTB,C.ME + (1- XTB,C).MN

xTB,L, xTB,C: phan mol trung bnh cho oan luyen & oan chng

x D x F 0,85 0,4
=
= 0,625 phan mol etanol
2
2
x x F 0,0075 0,4
xTB,C = W
=
= 0,20375 phan mol etanol
2
2

xTB,L =

ML = 46.0,625 + 18.(1 0,625) = 35,5 (Kg/Kmol)

MC = 46.0,20375 +18.(1 0,20375) = 23,705 (Kg/Kmol)
I.2 Lu lng khoi lng trung bnh cua dong hi cho oan luyen & oan chng
- Lu lng dong hi cho oan luyen:
M
1580
35,5
Gy,L = GD.(R+1). L =
= 0,0715 (kg/s)
.(3,6 1).
M D 86400
41,8
- Lu lng dong hi cho oan chng:
Gy,C = GD.(R +1).

MC
1580
23,705
=
= 0,0477 (kg/s)
.(3,6 1).
M D 86400
41,8

II. Xac nh van toc pha hi va ng knh thap

II.1 Xac nh van toc pha hi:
Gia s thap lam viec che o sui bot, toc o hi:

log

2 .a. y ,tb . x0,16

g.V . x ,tb
3
r

0,125 1,75.(

G x 0, 25 y ,tb 0,125
) .(
)
Gy
x ,tb

Trong o: - toc o sac, m/s

2

a - be mat rieng cua em (m /m )

Gx, Gy - lng long, hi trung bnh (kg/s)

x,tb, y,tb - khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha long, pha hi (kg/m3)
x - o nht cua pha long theo nhiet o trung bnh

Gx
R
3,6

0,7826
G y R 1 3,6 1
a. oi vi oan luyen:
xTB,L = 0,625 phan mol C2H5OH yTB,L = 0,7115 phan mol C2H5OH
-

Nhiet o trung bnh cua hi tL cho oan luyen: tL = 79,29C ~ 80oC

yTB , L

46 .0,7115
86,3% khoi lng
46 .0,7115 (1 0,7115 ). 18

xtb,L = 775 (Kg/m3)

tra bang

ytb,L =

yTB , L .M E 1 yTB , L .M N TO
O .TO
=
.
TO t L
22,4
T0 t L

ytb,L =

0,7115 .46 1 0,7115 .18

273
=1,312 (kg/m3)
.
22 ,4
273 79 ,29

x,L = 0,525.10-3 Pa.s = 0,525 cP tra bang

Chon vat em: 881,5
- Be mat rieng cua em:

a = 550 (m /m )

Vr = 0,65 (m3/ m3)

- The tch t do:

- Khoi lng rieng cua xop: = 850 (kg/m3)

thay so vao

log

2 .550.1,312.(0,525) 0,16
9,81.(0,65) 3 .775

ta co:

0,125 1,75.(

3,6 0, 25 1,312 0,125

) .(
)
3,6 1
775

L = 0,6606 (m/s)
b. oi vi oan chng:
xTB,C = 0,20375 phan mol C2H5OH yTB,C = 0,53 phan mol C2H5OH

Nhiet o trung bnh cua hi tC cho oan chng: tC = 83,13C ~ 83C

yTB ,C

46 .0,53
= 74,47% khoi lng
46 .0,53 (1 0,53). 18

xtb,C = 800 (Kg/m3)

tra bang

ytb,C =

yTB ,C .M E 1 yTB ,C .M N
O .TO
T
=
. O
TO t C
22,4
T0 t C

ytb,C =

0,53 .46 1 0,53 .18

273
= 1,124 (kg/m3)
.
22 ,4
273 83,13

x,C = 0,575.10-3 Pa.s = 0,575 cP

thay so vao

log

ta co

2 .550.1,124.(0,575) 0,16
3

9,81.(0,65) .800

0,125 1,75.(

3,6 0, 25 1,124 0,125

) .(
)
3,6 1
800

C = 0,7342 (m/s)
Chon che o lam viec co toc o ao pha 80%
L = 0,6606.0,8 = 0,5285 (m/s)
C = 0,7342.0,8 = 0,5874 (m/s)

II.2 ng knh thap c tnh theo phng trnh lu lng

D=

4.G y

. . y

(m)

a. oi vi oan luyen:

DL =

4.0,0715
= 0,362 (m)
3,14.0,5285.1,312

b. oi vi oan chng:

DC =

4.0,0477
= 0,303 (m)
3,14.0,5874.1,124

Chon ng knh theo tieu chuan D = DL = DC = 0,4 (m)

Khi o, toc o cua hi i trong thap se la:
L =

4.G L
4.0,0715
=
= 0,434 (m/ s)
2
.D . L 3,14 .0.4 2.1,312

C =

III.

4.GC
4.0,0477
=
= 0,338 (m/s)
2
.D . C 3,14 .0,4 2.1,124
Chieu cao cua thap chng cat lien tuc loai em:
H = Nlt.htd + (0,81)
(m)
Nlt:
so mam
(0,81): khoang cach cho phep nh va ay thap (m)
ht: chieu cao tng ng cua 1 bac thay oi nong o

Gx
G y 0,35 0, 2
m.G y
0, 2
ht = 5,2.d t . Re .( ) .( x ) .
Gy
Gx
y
1 m.
Gx
log

Gx
m.G y
4.V 4.. y 0, 2 G y 0,35 x 0, 2
5,2. r .(
) .( ) .( ) .
Gy
a
a. y
Gx
y
1 m.
Gx
x, y:
khoi lng rieng trung bnh cua pha long, pha hi (kg/m3)
x, y:
o nht trung bnh cua pha long, pha hi (Ns/m2)
Gx, Gy: lng long va hi trung bnh i trong thap (kg/h)
m: he so goc cua ng can bang y = f(x) vi ng nam
ngang. Tnh gan ung bang cach chia ng can bang lam nhieu
oan va tm gia tr tang goc tng ng cua nhng oan a chia ,
sau o lay trung bnh
log

m=

mi = tgi =

vi i(36)

y bi y ci
x ci x ai

0,583 0,388 0,413 0,494 0,608

= 0,4972
5
Cac gia tr mi c tra tren o th hnh ve:
C 0,6606 0,7342
= 0,6974 (m/s)
L

2
2

mi = tgi = =

y =

y , L y ,C
2

1,312 1,124
= 1,218 (kg/m3)
2

x =
x =

775 800
= 787,5 (kg/m3)
2
x , L x ,C
2

0,525 0,575
= 0,550 (cP)
2

y: o nht cua pha hi tnh nhiet o trung bnh

ttb = 80C (~79,29C ~ 83,13C) E = 0,0103 (cP); N= 0,0125(cP)
bang

ML

y,L =

yL .

ME

MN

0,7115 .46 1 0,7115 .18

= 0,0106 (cP)
46
18
0,7115 .
1 0,7115 .
0,0103
0,0125

MC

y,C =

yC .

ME

1 yC .

MN

0,53 .46 1 0,53 .18

= 0,0108 (cP)
46
18
0,53 .
1 0,53 .
0,0103
0,0125

y =

1 y L .

y , L y ,C
2

0,0106 0,0108
= 0,0107 (cP)
2

LUYEN

3,6
4.0,65 4.0,6606 .1,312 0, 2 3,6 1 0,35 775 0, 2
0,4972 .4,6
.(
) .(
) .(
) .
htd = 5,2.
3
4,6
550 550 .0,0106 .10
3,6
1,312
1 0,4972 .
3,6
log

= 0,186 m
CHNG

3,6
4.0,65 4.0,7342 .1,124 0, 2 3,6 1 0,35 800 0, 2
0,4972 .4,6
.(
) .(
) .(
) .
htd = 5,2.
3
4,6
550 550 .0,0108 .10
3,6
1,124
1 0,4972 .
3,6
log

tra

= 0,190 m
Chon ht = 0,190 m
htd = 0,249 = 0,250 (m)
Chieu cao can thiet cua phan chem:
Chieu cao toan thap:
(m)
Chieu cao phan chem cua oan luyen:
(m)
Chieu cao phan chem cua oan chng:
(m)
IV. Tr lc cua thap
Tr lc cua thap em P =10169 u.PK;

h = 18.0,190 = 3,42 (m)

H = 3,42 + 0,98 = 4,4
HL = 0.19.15 = 2,85
HC = 0,19.3 = 0,57

vi: u mat o ti

IV.1 Tr lc em kho:
PK =

2
2
H y .
H .a . y
= . 3 .
.
d td
2
4 Vr
2

van toc thc cua hi trong thap em

:

y
V

(m/s)

he so tr lc cua em (bao gom ca tr lc do ma sat va tr

lc cuc bo), phu thuoc Re
che o chay xoay (Rey > 40):

che o chay dong (Rey < 40):

Rey =

.d td . y 4. . y
=
a. y
Vr . y

ng knh tng ng la dtd =

4.Vr
a

4.0,6606 .1,312
= 12,00
550 .0,525 .10 3

V Rey < 40, nen: L =

16
Re 0y.2

140
Re y

chuan so Reynolds tnh cho tng oan

a. oi vi oan luyen:
Rey,L=

t =

140
= 11,66
12 ,00

PK,L =

11,66 2,85 .550 0,6606 .1,312

= 7210,5(N/m2)
.
.
3
4
2
0,65

b. oi vi oan chng:
Rey,C =

4.0,65 .0,7342
= 6,04
550 .0,575 .10 3

V Rey < 40, nen: C =

PK,C =

140
= 23,2
6,04

23,2 0,57 .550 0,7342 .1,124

= 2731,2 (N/m2)
.
.
3
4
2
0,65

IV.2 Mat o ti:

u=

L
3
2
2 (m /m .s)
x .Vr .d

a. oi vi oan luyen: uL =

0,0559
= 6,936.10-4 (m3/m2.s)
2
775 .0,65 .0,4

b. oi vi oan chng: uC =

0,043
= 5,168.10-4 (m3/m2.s)
2
800 .0,65 .0.4

10

Tr lc thap em la: P = PL + PC = 100,169.0,6936.7210,5 +

.2731,2

0,169.0,5168

P = 12784 (N/m2)

******************************
Chng V: TNH TOAN THIET B TRUYEN NHIET
Chng VI:

TNH C KH

I. Tnh be day than tru cua thap:

- Chon thiet ke than tru bang phng phap ho quang. Than thap c
ghep vi nhau bang moi ghep bch
- Vi ng knh thap Dt = 400 (mm) tra bang IX_5 (TL2), ta chon khoang cach
gia hai mat bch la 800 1000 (mm)

- Chieu cao em oan luyen HL = 2,85 (m) va oan chng HC = 0,57 (m)
- Ta chia thap lam 4 oan: 3 oan luyen va 1 oan chng
- oan chng cao: 0,57 (m)
- 3 oan luyen bang nhau, moi oan cao la 0,95 m
- V etanol la san pham co o tinh khiet cao nen ta chon vat lieu lam than
la thep khong r X18H10T e thiet ke than, ay, nap. ay la thep co
o ben hoa hoc cao, lam viec t = 100C, toc o an mon cua thep 0.1
mm/nam.
- Cac thong so ac trng cua thep khong r X18H10T:
+ Gii han ben keo:

k = 550.106 N/m2

+ Gii han ben chay:

ch = 220.106 N/m2

+ He so dan khi keo:

16,6.10-6 (1/C)

+ Khoi lng rieng cua thep:

= 7,9.103 kg/m3

+He so an toan ben keo:

k = 2,6

+ He so an toan ben chay:

ch = 1,5

+ He so dan nhiet:

= 16,3 W/mC

+ Moun an hoi:

E = 2,1.105 N/mm2

+ He so Poatxong:

= 0,33

+ Nhiet o nong chay:

t = 1400C

- gia moi khoang cach, gia hai mat bch co hai ca e nhap em,
thao em va lam ve sinh. ng knh ca thap la 100(mm), cac ca
nay phan bo doc theo hai ng sinh cua thap
ieu kien lam viec cua thap chng cat:
+ Ap suat ben trong thap (tnh tai ay thap) vi moi trng long-kh la
P = Ph + Pl + P
+ Ap suat kh trong thap: Ph = 1at = 9,81.104 N/m2
+ Ap suat thuy tnh cua cot chat long:
Pl =l.g.H = 787,5.9,81.4,4 = 3,4.104 N/m2
+ Tr lc cua thap:

P = 12784 (N/m2)

Ap suat tai ay thap:

P = (9,81 + 3,4 + 1,2784).104 = 14,4884.104 N/m2

- Tnh he so ben cua than hnh tru:

+ h = 0,95 (han tay hoac bang ho quang ien, giap moi hai ben)
+ Do tren than co khoet lo nen he so ben cua than hnh tru theo phng
doc tnh theo cong thc:
= h .

H d
H

= 0,95 .

4,4 0,4
=0,8636
4,4

vi d = 0,1.4 = 0,4 (m): tong so ln nhat cua ng knh cac lo

tren mot ng sinh
- Xet ieu kien:

.
P

+ ng suat cho phep cua vat lieu c tnh:

k k . =
k

550 .10 6
.1 = 211,54.106 N/m2
2,6

Thiet b chng cat ru - nc trong o an nay thuoc nhom II nen = 1

(TL2)

ch ch .
ch

220 .10 6
.1 = 146,67.106 N/m2
=
1,5

Chon = min { k , ch } = 146,67.106 N/m2

.
P

146 ,67 .10 6.0,8636

= 874,2 > 50
14 ,4884 .10 4

P.Dt
14 ,4884 .10 4
=> be day cua than thap c tnh la S =
=
=
2. .
2.146 ,67 .10 6.0,8636
5,8.10-4 (m)

- Be day thc te cua than thap: S = S + C

He so bo sung C = Ca + Cb + Cc + Co
Ca:

He so bo sung do an mon hoa hoc cua moi trng

Ca = 10 (nam).0,1(mm/nam ) = 1 (mm)

Cb:

He so bo sung do bao mon c hoc Cb = 0

Cc:

ai lng bo sung dung sai am

Cc = 0,22 (mm)

bang XIII_9 (TL2)

Co: He so bo sung e lam tron cho en so nguyen be day

C = 1 + 0 + 0,22 + 1,2 = 2,42 (mm)
=> be day than: S = 0,58 + 2,42 = 3 (mm)
- Kiem tra be day cua than thap

S Ca 3 1

= 0,005 < 0,1

Dt
400

(thoa )

- Kiem tra ap suat tnh toan cho phep ben trong thiet b

2..S Ca 2.146,67.106.0,8636.3 1

12,6.105 N/m2
Dt S Ca
400 3 1

P > P = 14,4884.104 N/m2

(thoa)

Vay, ta chon S = 3 (mm)

- Kiem tra ng suat theo ap suat th
=

Dt S C a
.PO C (N/mm2)
2.S C a .
1,2

+ Ap suat th tra bang XIII_5 (TL2) Po = 1,5.P + H..g

Po = 1,5.1,2784.104 + 4,4.9,81.787,5 = 5,32.104 N/m2 < 0,2 ( N/mm2 )
Po =0,2 +
=

787,5.9,81.4,4
= 0,234 (N/mm2)
6
10

400 3 1 .0,234
2.3 1.0.8636

= 27,23(N/mm2) <

c 220
1,2

1,2

= 183,3 (N/mm2) (thoa)

Vay, ta chon S = 3 (mm)

II. Tnh ng knh & bulon cac ong dan
Bch c lam bang thep CT3, cau tao cua bch la bch lien khong co

- ng knh ong dan: d =

4.Q
(mm)
.v

Q (m3 /s):

lu lng the tch

v (m/s):

van toc chon theo tng loai ng ong bang II_2 (TL1)

a. V tr nhap lieu:
Suat lng nhap lieu: GF = 2639,3 (Kg/ngay)
Khoi lng rieng cua chat long nhap lieu, tra TL1
tF = 80,8oC va x F 63 % : F = 830 (Kg/m3)
Lu lng chat long nhap lieu i vao thap: Q F

GF

2639 ,3
= 3,18
830

(m /ngay)
Chon van toc chat long nhap lieu (t chay):
vF = (0,2 0,5), m/s

=> chon vF = 0,25 m/s

ng knh ong nhap lieu: dF =

4.QF

86400. .v F

4.3,18
0,0137
86400.3,14.0,25

(m)
Suy ra:

chon ng knh ong nhap lieu: dF = 0,015 (m)

b. Ong hi nh thap:
Suat lng hi nh thap: gd = GL = 0,0715 (Kg/s).
Khoi lng rieng cua hi nh thap c tnh theo cong thc (xac
nh

tD = 78,5oC va yD = 0,856):

46 . y D 1 y D .18 .273
22 ,4.t D 273

Lu lng hi ra khoi thap: Qh

= 1,455 (Kg/m3).

g d 0,0715

= 0,0491 (m3/h).
h
1,455

Chon van toc hi nh thap:

ng knh ong dan hi:
Suy ra:

dh =

vh = 25 (m/s).
4.Qh

.vh

4.0,0491
0,050 (m)
3,14.25

chon ng knh ong dan hi: dh = 0,050 (m)

c. Ong hoan lu:

`

Suat lng hoan lu: Ghl = GD.R = 1580.3,6 = 5688 (Kg/ngay)

Khoi lng rieng cua chat long hoan lu, tra TL1 tD = 86,5oC va

x D 93,5% :
hl = 771,55 (Kg/m3)
Lu lng chat long hoan lu: Qhl

Ghl

hl

5688
= 7,372(m3/ngay)
771,55

Chon van toc chat long hoan lu (chay t bm hoan lu vao

thap): vhl = 1,5 (m/s).
ng knh ong hoan lu: dhl =

4.Qhl
4.7,372

0,008 (m).
86400. .vhl
86400.3,14.1,5

Suy ra: chon ng knh ong hoan lu: dhl = 0,010 (m)
d. Ong dan hi vao ay thap:
Suat lng hi vao ay thap: g1 = GC = 0,0477 (Kg/s)
Khoi lng rieng cua hi vao ay thap c tnh theo cong thc
(xac nh
tW = 100oC va yW = 0,011):

hd

46 . yW 1 yW .18 .273
22 ,4.tW 273

hd

46 .0,011 1 0,011 .18 .273 = 0,5982 (Kg/m3)

22 ,4.100 273

Lu lng hi ra khoi thap: Qhd

g '1

hd

0,0477
= 0,07974(m3/s)
0,5982

Chon van toc hi vao ay thap: vhd = 25 (m/s).

ng knh ong dan hi: dhd =
Suy ra:

4.Qhl

.vhl

4.0,07974
0,0637 (m)
3,14.25

chon ng knh ong dan hi: dhd = 0,070 (m)

e. Ong dan chat long ay thap:

Suat lng chat long vao noi un:
G1 = LC + LL = 0,0515 (Kg/s)
Khoi lng rieng cua chat long vao noi un, tra TL1 tW = 100oC va
x1=0,0075:
L = 898,257 (Kg/m3)
Lu lng chat long vao noi un: Q L

G '1

0,0515
= 5,73.10-5 (m3/s)
898 ,257

Chon van toc chat long vao noi un (chat long t chay vao noi
un):
vL = 0,3 (m/s).
ng knh ong dan chat long: dL=

4.QL
4.5,73.10 5

=0,0156 (m)
.v L
3,14.0,3

Suy ra: chon ng knh ong dan: dL = 0,020 (m)

f. Ong dan chat long t noi un (san pham ay):
Suat lng san pham ay: GW = 2639,3 (Kg/ngay)
Khoi lng rieng cua san pham ay, tra TL1 tW = 100oC va xW =
0,0075:
W = 958 (Kg/m3)
Lu lng san pham ay: QW

GW 2639 ,3

= 2,755 (m3/ngay)
W
958

Chon van toc san pham ay (chat long t chay): vW = 0,2 (m/s).
ng knh ong dan san pham ay: dW=

4.QW

86400. .vW

4.2,755
86400.3,14.0,2

=0,0143(m)
Suy ra:
-

chon ng knh ong dan: dW = 0,015 (m)

Chon d theo tieu chuan chieu dai ong dan bang XIII_32 (TL2)
Chon bch noi loai bch lien (kieu bch phang) co cac thong so sau:
Bulon
Ten goi

Dy

Dn

Db

D1

h
db

(mm)
(cai)
ong dan hi ra nh

50

57

140

110

90

12

M12

ong hoan lu

10

14

75

50

35

10

M10

ong nhap lieu

15

18

80

55

40

10

M10

ong dan long ra ay

20

25

90

65

50

12

M10

ong dan hi vao

ay

70

76

160

130

110

16

M12

ong dan chat long t

noi un

15

18

80

55

40

10

M10

III.Tnh ay va nap thiet b:

- Chon ay va nap Ellipse tieu chuan, loai co g

- Chieu cao ay va nap c chon nh sau:

hb = 0,25.Dt = 0,25.400 = 100 (mm)
- Chieu cao g cua ay va nap h 2.S (nhng h khong c be hn 25 mm
)
Chon h = 25 (mm)
- Chon vat lieu lam ay va nap thiet b cung loai vat lieu lam than
(X18H10T)
- Be day cua ay va nap thiet b lam viec chu ap suat trong c xac
nh bang:
S=

Dt .P
D
. b C (mm)
3,8. k .k . P 2.hb

- Cac thong so cua ay va nap:

tra bang XIII_10 (TL2)

Ban knh cong ben trong thap Rt = Dt = 400 (mm)

Chieu cao g h =25 (mm)
He so vo th nguyen k = 1 -

d
Dt

d: ng knh ln nhat cua lo khong tang cng

- ieu kien cua lo thao hi nh dy = 0,05 m
Chon d = dy k =1-

S=

0,05
= 0,95
1

400 .14 ,4884 .10 4

400
.
C = 0,18 + C (mm)
6
4
3,8.211,54 .10 .0,95 .0,8636 14 ,4884 .10 2.100

- He so bo sung C = Ca + Cb + Cc + Co + C (mm)
Ca =1 (mm)

Cb = 0 (mm);

Cc = 0,3(mm):

tnh cho 3 (mm) chieu day

C = 1 (mm):

he so bo sung khi tnh ay va nap

S = 0,18 + 1+ 0 + 0,4 + 1 + Co
S = 3 (mm)
- Kiem tra be day thanh va nap thiet b

S Ca 3 1

0.005 < 0,1

Dt
400

(thoa)

- Kiem tra ap suat tnh toan cho phep

P 2. ..S Ca 2.146,67.10 .0,8636.3 1

Rt S Ca
400 3 1
6

12,6.105(N/m2)

>

14,4884.104

(thoa)
- Kiem tra ng suat cho phep theo ap suat th thuy lc
Ap suat th khi tnh toan Po = 0,234 N/mm2
=

400 3 1 .0,234
2.3 1.0.8636

= 19,34(N/mm2)

<

c 220
1,2

1,2

= 183,3 (N/mm2)

(thoa)
Vay, be day cua ay va nap thiet b la S = 3 (mm)
IV. Tnh bch noi: (than, ay, nap)
Mat bch la bo phan quan trong dung e noi cac phan cua thiet b
cung nh noi cac bo phan khac vi thiet b. Cac loai mat bch thng s
dung:
+ Bch lien: la bo phan noi lien vi thiet b (han, uc va ren). Loai
bch nay chu yeu dung thiet b lam viec vi ap suat thap va ap suat
trung bnh
+ Bch t do: chu yeu dung noi ong dan lam viec nhiet o cao, e
noi cac bo bang kim loai mau va hp kim cua chung, ac biet la khi can
lam mat bch bang vat lieu ben hn thiet b
+ Bch ren: chu yeu dung cho thiet b lam viec ap suat cao
Chon bch c ghep than, ay va nap lam bang thep X18H10T, cau
tao cua bch la bch lien khong co

- Tnh toan bch theo phng phap tai trong gii han. Vat lieu lam bch cung
loai vi vat lieu lam than X18H10T. Vat lieu che tao bulon la thep CT3
- Nhiet o lam viec la 100C
- ng suat cho phep cua vat lieu lam bulon 100 C = 86 N/mm2
o

- ng suat cho phep cua bch bi 108 N/mm2

- Cac thong so cua bch tra bang XIII_27 (TL2)
+ ng knh trong thiet b
Dt = 400 mm
+ ng knh ngoai thiet b
Dn = 406 mm
+ Be day than thiet b

S = 3 mm

+ ng knh bch

D = A = 515 mm

+ ng knh tam bulon

Db = C = 475 mm

+ ng knh mep vat

D1 = 450 mm

+ ng knh bulon

db = 16 mm

+ So bulon

Z = 20 (cai)

+ Chieu cao bch

h = 20 mm

- Chon em gia hai mat bch la Cactong-amiang day 0 = 3 mm

- Xac nh be day bch
+ Canh tay on cua momen gay uon bch
l=

C D1 475 450
= 12,5 (mm)

2
2

+ Be be day bch phang c xac nh theo cong thc:

d
P
l
.1 7,3. .0,57 .Z . b
t = 0,41 .Dn .
bi
C
Dn

2
b
.
1 (mm)

P

ng suat cho phep trong ieu kien thc te cua vat lieu lam bulon

k0 . = 0,6.86 = 51,6 N/mm2

bi

2
0,6.108 = 64,8 N/mm

100C, = 86 N/mm2

bi = 108 N/mm2

tra (TL3)
tra (TL3)

k0: he so giam ng suat phu thuoc vao ng knh bulon M20 k0 = 0,8
(TL3)
2

14,4884.10 4
12,5
51,6.10 6

16
t = 0,41.406.
.
1

7
,
3
.
.
0
,
57
.
20
.
.

6
4
475
64,8.10
406 14,4884.10

t = 11,18 (mm)
Vay, chon t = 20 mm
- Kiem tra ng knh bulon
+ Lc nen chieu truc sinh ra do xiet bulon Q 1, lc nay khac phuc c
tai trong trong thiet b va ap suat phu sinh ra tren em e gi cho moi
ghep c kn
Q1 = Qa + Qk
Qa: lc do ap suat trong thiet b gay ra
Qa =

.Dt2 .P

3,14
.400 2.0,144884 = 18206,6 (N)
4

Qk: lc can thiet e gi kn em

Qk = .Dtb .b0 .m.P = 3,14.437.8.2.0,144884 = 3182,5 (N)
Tra bang XIII_31 (TL2), ta co
ng knh trong cua em 427 mm
ng knh ngoai cua em 447 mm

 Dtb=

427 447
437 mm
2

Be rong thc cua em b =

447 427
= 10 mm
2

Be rong tnh toan b0 = 0,8.b =8 mm

m = 2: he so ap suat rieng

tra bang

Q1 = Qa + Qk = 18206,6 + 3182,5 = 21389,1 (N)

+ Lc can thiet e ep chat em ban au
Q2 = .Dtb.b0.q0 =3,14.437.8.10 = 109830 (N)
Vi: q0 = 10 N/mm2:
em

ap suat rieng can thiet e lam bien dang deo

tra bang 7_2 ( TL3)

+ Lc tac dung len cac bulon Q = max {Q1,Q2} = 109830 (N)

+ Lc tac dung len mot bulon:
+ng suat tac dung len mot bulon:

qb =

Q 109830
= 5491,5 (N)

Z
20

qb

.d t2

dt: ng knh chan ren bulon

dt = 1,13.

qb

1,13.

5491,5
= 11,7 (mm)
51,6

Chon dt = db = 16 (mm) hp ly

5491,5
27,3 N / mm 2
3,14 2
.16
4

Vay, ieu kien chon bulon la thch hp

- Bulon:
+ Kch thc bulon tinh au sau canh theo tieu chuan co:

ng knh ren db = 16 mm
ng knh trong can thiet cua bulon d1 = 13,835 mm

ng knh trung bnh ren d2 = 14,701 mm

Bc ren p = 2 mm
Chieu rong au bulon S = 20 mm
Chieu cao au bulon H = 40 mm
ng knh vong tron ngoai tiep D = (1,8 2).d b = 30 mm
Ban knh au goc ln r = 1 mm
Mep vet C 2,5 mm
Hd =0,8.db =0,80.16 =12,8 ~ 13 mm
a = 0,25.db=0,25.16 = 4 mm
+ Vong em cho bulon: s dung em venh c hep, co kch thc:
ng knh lo vong em dt = 20 mm
ng knh ngoai vong em dn = 35 mm
Chieu day vong em S = 3 mm
+ ai oc:
ng knh ngoai ren d = 16 mm
ng knh trong ren d1 = 13,835 mm
ng knh trung bnh ren d2 = 14,701 mm
Bc ren p = 2 mm
Chieu rong ai oc S = 20 mm
Chieu cao ai oc H = 12,8 ~13 mm
ng knh vong tron ngoai tiep D = (1,8 2).d b = 30 mm
+ Chon khoang cach di cua ai oc en au mep la 10 mm
Khi o, chieu dai bulon la:

l = 2.13 + 3.3 + 2.20 + 10 = 85 mm

V. a phan phoi long & li em:

V.1 a phan phoi long:
- ng knh thap
Dt = 400 mm
- ng knh a
Dd = 250 mm
- Ong dan chat long 19 ong loai 252
- Bc ong dan chat long tren a t = 48 mm
- a c lam bang thep CT3 co be day 4 mm
V.2 Li em:
- ng knh li

Dt = 369 mm

- em loai 2525: chieu rong cua bc 23 mm

- Be rong thanh em 5 mm
- Xac nh be day li em:
Khoi lng tren li m = mem kho + mnc
+ oi vi phan chng: em cao 0,57 m

mem kho = (1 Vr).Vc. = (1 - V).Vc.

.D 2 .H d . d
4

H: chieu cao cua mot oan em (m)

V = 0,65 (m3 / m3)

the tch t do cua em

= 850 (kg/m3)

khoi lng rieng cua em

mem kho = (1 - 0,65).

3,14
.0.4 2 0,57.850 = 21,3 (Kg)
4

mnc = V . n. Vc = 787 ,5.0,65 .

3,14 .0,4 2
.0,57 = 36,7 (Kg)
4

m = mem kho + mnc = 21,3 + 36,7 = 58 (Kg)

Tai trong tren li: P =

m.g
58.9,81

= 4,53.103 (N/m2)
3
,
14
S
.0,4 2
4

+ oi vi phan cat:

moi phan em cao 0,95 m

mem kho = (1 - 0,65).

3,14
.0.4 2.0,95.850 = 35,5 (Kg)
4

mnc = V . n. Vc = 787 ,5.0,65 .

3,14 .0,4 2
.0,95 = 61,1 (Kg)
4

m = mem kho + mnc = 35,5 + 61,1 = 96,6 (Kg)

Tai trong tren li:

P=

m.g 96,6.9,81

= 7,55.103 (N/m2)
3,14
S
.0,4 2
4

- Chieu day tnh toan toi thieu cua v ong:

S = Dt .K .

P
0 . u

(mm)

He so lam yeu v ong do khoan lo

Dn d

d
Dn:

u = 146 N/mm2

Dn
tong so ng knh cac lo trong v (mm)
ng knh v ong Dn =369 (mm)
ng suat cho phep khi uon cua vat lieu lam v

P:

ap suat tnh toan trong v (N/mm2)

ong

Dt
ng knh trong than thiet b (mm)
K = (0.45 0.6)
chon K = 0,5
Goi x la so thanh tren li nen co (x + 1) khe
Tren ng knh cua li cha moi ben 20 mm e gan bulon
ng knh bulon la M10, tren ng knh co 2 bulon
5.x + 3.(x+1) = 329 x = 41 co 42 khe
d = 42.3 + 2.20 = 166 (mm)

369 166
= 0,55
369

Li em lam bang thep CT3

Be day li em
+ oi vi em phan chng cao 0,57 m:

400.0,5 .

4,53.10 3
=
0,55.146

1,5

(mm)
Chon S = 2 mm
+ oi vi em phan luyen cao 0,95 m

S = 400.0,5 .

7,55.10 3
= 1,94
0,55.146

(mm)
Chon S = 2 mm
VI. Tnh tai treo cho thiet b:
1. Khoi lng thap:
G = Gthan + Gay + Gnap + Gbch + Gem + Gli em + Glong + Ga phan phoi
(Kg)
-

Than:

3,14
. 4062 4002 .10 6.(4,4 2.(0,1 0,025)).7900 =124,5 (Kg)
4
ay va nap: Gay,nap = 2 Gnap

Gthan=

. Dn2 Dt2 .H .

Vi nap Ellipse tieu chuan co Dt = 600 mm, S = 3 mm, chieu cao g 25 mm,
noi suy bang
XIII_11 (TL2)
Gay,nap = 2.1,01.3,75 = 7,6 (Kg)
1,01: he so c nhan them oi vi thep khong r
-

Bch:

Gbch = so mat bch . .A 2 Dt2 .2.t.

4

so mat bch: 4
A:

ng knh ngoai cua bch

Dn:

ng knh ngoai cua than thap

Gbch = 4.
-

3,14
. 0,5152 0,4062 .2.0,02.7850 = 99 (Kg)
4

em:
Gem = 21,3 +3.35,5 = 127,8 (Kg)
Li em:
+ Khoi lng cua mot thanh

2
.Dthanh
.Dt . d

3,14
.0,0052.0,4.7850
4

4
= 0,0617 (Kg)
+ Khoi lng cua mot li em 41.0,0617 = 2,54 (Kg)
Gli em = 4.2,54 = 10,1 (Kg)

Long:

Glong = 58 + 3.61,1 = 241,3 (Kg)

a phan phoi:

2
2
= 5. .Dt . n. .Dong . . d
4
4

Ga phan phoi

2
3,14
3,14

.0,4 2.3.10 3 19 .
. 25 .10 3 .3.10 3 .7850 = 13,7 (Kg)
4
4

=5 .

Khoi lng tong cua thap

G = Gthan + Gay + Gnap + Gbch + Gem + Gli em + Glong + Ga phan phoi
= 124,5 + 7,6 + 99 + 127,8 + 2,54 + 241,3 + 13,7 = 616,44 Kg
Tai trong cua thap Gmax = 616,44.9,81 = 6047,3 (N)
2. Tnh tai treo:

- Chon vat lieu lam tai treo la thep CT3, tam lot la vat lieu lam than

thiet b
- Dien tch cua tai : F=

G m ax
be

Chon be la be betong mac 90:

F=

be = 2 N/mm2

6047,3
= 3023,7 (mm2)
2

Chon so tai treo n = 4

Tai trong len mot tai treo la G
-

G 6047,3
=
= 1511,8 (N)
n
4

Cac thong so cua tai treo c chon trong bang sau (tnh bang mm):
L

B1

90

65

75

140

35

15

14

Tam lot tai treo lam bang vat lieu cung loai vat lieu lam than thap
co cac so sau:
+ e am bao o an toan cho thiet b, ta chon: G 0,25 .10 4 (N)
+ Chieu cao tam lot
H = 260 mm
+ Chieu rong tam lot

B =140 mm

+ Chieu day tam lot

SH = 6 mm

VII. Tnh chan :

- Chon so chan la 4
- Vat lieu lam chan la thep CT3
Gc = 0,15118.104 (N)
e am bao o an toan cho thiet b, ta chon: Gc = 0,25.104 (N)

t b
Truc thie

Theo a
y
thie
t b

Cac kch thc cua chan : (tnh bang mm)

L

B1

B2

110

80

95

110

180

120

40

18