----------------------- Page 1----------------------TM 5-811-1/AFJMAN 32-1080 CHAPTER UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION 7 LINES multip sheath 5,000

7-1. General. le conductor, metallic or non-metallic Underground lines will be provided only in those ed. Nonmetallic sheathed cable 2,000 volt to areas as established in chapter 5. Underground volt rating shall be shielded. line installation will be coordinated with the in(b) Above 5,000 volts-copper, metallic, or stallation master plan to avoid conflict with contallic sheathed, single or multiple conducstruction of future facilities. Lines will normally hielded cable. be installed adjacent to roadways in urban, hous(c) Aluminum conductors of equivalent aming, or industrial plant areas, but may be routed es may be used in lieu of No. 4 AWG copper as required to meet the project objectives. A rger copper conductors. careful study will be made of all underground (d) Aluminum conductors shall be termiutilities in order to ensure a minimum of interferin compression type lugs or connectors tilled ence between electrical lines and other underhigh temperature, oxide inhibitor compound. ground utilities, whether existing, being con(3) Cable installation. All primary understructed, or proposed as a definite future cables shall be installed in concrete enconstruction project. Electrical lines will be at non-metallic ducts or concrete encased galvaleast six feet from any steam or hot water lines, rigid steel conduits except as follows. Steel except at crossings where a one-foot separation t, which is not concrete encased, shall be from such lines is adequate. ion proof-coated (PVC, etc.) and shall be a. Symbols and codes. For uniformity, symbols ed only for short runs between buildings or will comply with ANSI Y32.9. Installation will paved areas. Direct buried ducts or direct comply with the requirements of the NESC and cables may be employed for primary distrithe NEC as required. Where state safety rules are (above 600 V) feeders located in areas predominantly accepted, such rules may be used are remote to normal pedestrian and vehicle provided they are as stringent as those of the c. Consider using a direct buried, flexible NESC. hylene cable, duct type conduit with self b. Construction and other conditions. Typical

non-me tor, s

paciti and la

nated with

ground cased nized condui corros employ under buried bution which traffi polyet contai

ned cable to allow easier replacement. Conunderground construction details are shown later markers shall be provided at approximately in this chapter. Service conditions are covered in foot intervals and at each change in direction chapter 1. Grounding and surge protection are ndicate the location of underground cable covered in chapter 9. Other conditions will follow Direct buried cable or cable duct, which is the guidelines established by the NESC, the Rural concrete and metallic conduit encased, should Electrification Authority (REA), or the local utility arked with a metallic/magnetic warning tape as applicable. Underground cable systems may six to twelve inches below the surface and employ manholes or above-ground sectionalizing the cable or duct. Cable warning tape shall and pulling cabinets depending on local geological or orange in color. conditions, potential for damage from vehicles and

crete 200 to i

route. not be m

buried above be red

7-2. Cable. the required design life of the facility. c. Air Force underground installations. tor material and insulation type will be (1) Secondary distribution. All secondary unied. Restricting extensions of existing sysderground cables may be installed in either conto a specific conductor material and insulacrete encased ducts or direct burial type ducts or type in order to match an existing cable type conduit, or they may be direct burial type cables. ermitted only when a need has been estabDirect burial plastic conduit may be utilized when . Neutral cables, where required, will be cable temperature conditions are within the conled with 600 V insulation unless concentric duit rating and where the conduit is not under l cable is used. In duct lines, neutrals will large paved areas or building structures. Conducnstalled in the same conduit with associated tors shall be copper, although aluminum may be cables. used in lieu of copper conductors No. 4 AWG and Conductor material. Since underground conlarger. s are continuously supported, soft-drawn cop(2) Primary distribution. or aluminum alloy 5005 provides adequate (a) 5,000 volts or less-copper, single or th. However, the selection of copper or alu7-1 ----------------------- Page 2----------------------TM 5-811-1/AFJMAN 32-1080 Conduc specif tems tion is p

lished instal neutra be phase a. ductor per streng i

minum

will be justified based upon an analysis cable protection. Special shielding or using life, environmental, and cost factors. The s will not be specified, unless the designer need for mechanical flexibility requires that conhecked that the footage installed for each ducts be stranded, and the NEC makes this mant cable diameter is large enough for manudatory for cables larger than No. 8 AWG installed s to make the special runs required. in raceways. The installation of conductors larger (b) Metallic-armored cable. Armored cable is than 500 kcmil is not economical, and such large d only when cable is installed under water cables should be used only under exceptional ne cables) and sometimes when installed circumstances. Large ampacities can be served by ble trays or trenches. Armored cable will parallel or multiple circuits. Three 15 kV, singleXLP or EPR insulation covered with a conductor, nonmetallic-jacketed cables larger than astic core covering and then provided No. 4/0 AWG will require use of ducts larger than interlocked-metal tape armor. A nonmetalthe standard four-inch size (i.e. three singleet is required for underground installations, conductor cables making up a three-phase circuit corrosion and moisture protection is reand each having individual overall diameters for installations in outdoor cable trays, or greater than 1.25 inches will need to be installed bmarine cables. Submarine cable may also in a duct larger than four inches). One threea lead covering. Cable having a steel conductor cable is more costly than three singlewill be three-conductor type to avoid the conductor cables, and use of multiple-conductor ysteresis and eddy current losses which can cable will be restricted to special conditions. hen single-conductor cable is used. Metallic-armored cable is such a special condition. (c) Lead-covered cable. Lead-covered cables b. Insulation and jacket material. The type of be used, unless extenuating circumstances insulation used will be dependent upon the voltage such as for submarine cable. The lead level and type of service required. Factors affectis both more costly and more difficult to ing selection will be the effects of the surrounding The use of laminated insulation such as environment, the importance of the load in regard aper-insulated-lead-covered (PILC) or for to operation of the installation, and whether peak d-cambric-lead-covered (VCLC) instead of loading is continuous or intermittent. solid or extruded dielectrics such as (1) Medium-voltage cable. Cable will be speciked-polyethylene (XLP) or ethylenepropytied as 133 percent insulation level (ungrounded) ber (EPR) is not approved. In addition,

adequate covering has c

differen facturer

justifie (submari in have thermopl with an lic jack where quired, for su ca

require armor high h

result w

will not prevail covering handle. for p

varnishe the crosslin lene-rub

which allows greater margin for voltage surges, bles have lower temperature ratings. insulation deterioration, and fault clearing time ) Low-voltage cables. Cables suitable for bethan does the use of the 100 percent insulation grade installations are listed in the NEC. level (grounded). When marking guide specificaon will be either XLP (NEMA WC 7) or tions, refer to NFPA 70, which currently limits the MA WC 8) and jackets or other protection minimum size to No. 1 AWG at 133 percent e in accordance with the applicable Underinsulation for 15 kV to 28 kV systems and No. 2 Laboratories (UL) specification covering AWG at 133 percent insulation for 8 kV to 15 kV EC type. Use of metal-clad (MC) cable will systems. Medium-voltage cable above 3 kV will be mited as previously discussed for metallicshielded. cable. The use of the less expensive (a) Nonmetallic-jacketed cable. Nonmetallice-and-Heat-Resistant Thermoplastic jacketed cable will be used, except where circumor Moisture-and-Heat-Resistant Crossstances warrant other coverings. Insulation will be Synthetic Polymer (XHHW) is not recomeither crosslinked-polyethylene (XLP) for short life for underground work as their thinner requirements, or ethylene-propylene-rubber (EPR) ion has been designed for interior usage. for long life requirements, in accordance with e-and-Heat Resistant Thermoplastic (THW) NEMA WC-7 and WC-8. Comparisons of various does have the same thickness of insulation cable insulations, as shown in table 7-1, indicate at-Resistant Rubber (RHH)/Moisture-andthe advantages of these two insulations over other Resistant Rubber (RHW)/Underground types. Coverings (jackets) will be any of the rubber -Entrance (USE) wire, but polyvinylor plastic options covered by NEMA specifications. e insulation is considered to have only fair This option allows the use of cables which are cal and mechanical insulation properties as available as stock items in small quantities. In d to the excellent properties exhibited by some environments, however, selection of other and EPR insulation. UF cable may have a jacket materials may be necessary because properinsulation thickness, but some sizes have a ties of some jacket materials may not provide mpacity rating than does USE cable. 7 - 2 ----------------------- Page 3----------------------TM 5-811-1/AFJMAN 32-1080

these ca (2 low Insulati EPR (NE will b

writer s that be N li

armored Moistur (THWN) Linked mended insulat Moistur wiring as Heat Service chlorid electri compare XLP greater lower a He

c. Cable ampacity. The current carrying capacicables. Calculations of the position effect indities of cable will be in accordance with ampacities that, to equalize operating temperatures, fullgiven in the NEC and IEEE/ICEA publications. ratings of cables appropriate for isolated There are many factors taken into account in way) ducts should be decreased for multiple determining these allowable ampacities such as banks. For example, in an eight-way-duct operating temperatures, soil effects, shielding the recommended full-load percentage delosses, and conductor configurations, but the varie for each corner duct is 95 percent and for ables which cause the most concern are circuit interior duct is 83 percent giving an average loading and location in a duct bank. Because of percentage decrease of 89 percent. This deratload diversity, peak demands for cables in a duct still allows provision for loads in excess of the bank will not occur concurrently in most cases. l feeder capacity usually found on military This diversity factor will be taken into account llations, as the summation of feeder capaciwhen computating expected heat build-up in a is generally from three to eight times the duct bank. Heat dissipation from a cable is also ll capacity of a main electric supply station. influenced by the position occupied by the cable in Power cable joints. A splice which connects a duck bank. Cables in duck bank corners dissirated 2.5 kV and above is known as a power pate heat more effectively than cables in interior joint. Cable joints are composed of connectors ducts, because of the greater soil dissipating area join two or more cables for the purpose of and the smaller heat contribution from neighboring a continuous electric path plus necessary DUCT CABLE REQUIREMENTS

ing cate load (oneduct bank creas each load ing norma insta ties overa d. cables cable to provid ENTRANCE JOINT

Fireproof only medium-voltage circuits (over 600-volts). Fireproof cables their entire length within the manhole and Into the duct entrance as indicated. US Army Corps of Engineers Table 7-1. Rated Conductor Temp eratures. 7 - 3 ----------------------- Page 4-----------------------

TM

5-811-1/AFJMAN

32-1080 ing. used loadbr able f the ca will sary f insula burial

components for maintaining symmetrical stress Whenever separable insulated connectors are distribution, minimizing voltage gradients, and for this application, they should be of the maximizing environmental protection. eak type. The preformed kit must be suit(1) Connectors. Connectors will be of the comor the cable insulation and correctly sized for pression type or the plug-in type. Mechanical ble diameter. Separable insulated connectors connectors of the bolted or screw type or thermal not be used in manholes, except where necesconnectors of the soldered, brazed, or welded type or reasons of clearance at airfields. Separable will be used only in special cases where the ted connectors will not be used in direct application so warrants. Compression connectors applications. above 5 kV need to be of the tapered-end type, or (3) Choice. Any of the cable joints discussed have semiconducting (semicon) tape or molded be permitted as a Contractor s option, whose construction to give the same effect and thus limit ion is made by balancing labor savings stresses. t material costs. Disconnectable loadbreak (2) Other necessary joint components. The ble connectors, which are the most expenother necessary components are contained with the type of cable joints, will be used only where connectors in kits to provide joints which range disconnect feature is necessary. Metallicfrom the fully field-assembled type (taped) to those d cable splices will be enclosed in kits with mostly factory-formed parts (preformed) nd-filled metal splice boxes. Splice and which require less installation labor. Factory preator kits will be selected as recommended formed kits are preferred. The field-assembled kits cable manufacturer. will not be used unless the Contractor cannot (4) Dissimilar material. Both aluminum-tolocate the preformed kits, and the Contractor conductor and nonmetallic-jacketed to leademployes a cable splicer approved by the Contractd cable connections are easily made when ing Officer. tors and splicing materials are correctly (a) Conventional taped or resin system splice ed and installed. While transitions from one kits. These kits cost the least for materials and are al to another will not be permitted when used to make up a significant number of cable ling new lines, such transitions between joints, but this type requires the most labor to ng and new work are acceptable for exteninstall. Joints are longer and bulkier than other

may select agains separa sive the armore compou termin by the

copper covere connec utiliz materi instal existi sions

and additions. types. Quality is dependent upon the splicer s skill gh-voltage cable terminations. A device used level, so joint workmanship can vary widely. Any terminating alternating-current power cables kit selected must have splice tapes suitable for the extruded, solid, or laminated insulation cable insulation. Refer to IEEE Std 141 for details is rated 2.5 kV and above is known as a and specifications of cable joints. oltage cable termination. (b) Heat-shrinkable splice kits. These kits (1) Provisions. Such terminations are covered include factory preformed splices which are heatE Std 48 which requires terminations to be treated in the field to fit the conductor. This type o provide one or more of the following: is simpler to install than the conventional taped or (a) Electric stress control for the cable insuresin type, and provides a less bulky splice than shield terminus. any of the other types. A kit will fit a range of (b) Complete external leakage insulation becable sizes, but kits may not be available for other the cable conductors and ground. than solid dielectric single-conductor cables. (c) A seal at the end of the cable against the (c) Separable insulated connectors. Such conce of the external environment which also nectors are fully factory preformed into the miniins the pressure, if any, of the cable system. mum of parts necessary to adapt either the recep(2) Types. Termination types are defined by tacle and plug or the connector and splice body to Std 48 as Class 1, which provides all of the the cable insulation, shielding, and jacket. Such three conditions (and includes potheads, a joints cannot be used for laminated insulations, now rapidly becoming obsolete), Class 2 but provide a waterproof and totally submersible provides the first two conditions, and Class joint for solid or extruded dielectric insulations. h provides only the first condition. The first These joints are the quickest to install, but the asses include both indoor and outdoor types, labor savings may be outweighed by the highest Class 3 can only be used indoors. Protection initial cost. Greater reliability has been reported direct exposure to solar radiation or precipiby utility and industry records for these joints. is required for outdoor types. Connections do provide disconnectability for future (3) Requirements. Class 2 terminations with taps or for cable sectionalizing during fault testunsealed ends are subject to tracking when 7 - 4 ----------------------- Page 5-----------------------

e. Hi for having which high-v

by IEE able t

lation

tween

entran mainta

IEEE above term which 3 whic two cl but from tation

their

TM

5-811-1/AFJMAN

32-1080 cable w

exposed to humidity changes occurring inside outith a fireproofing tape, spraying the cable door equipment. Class 3 terminations, with their reproofing coating, or installing fire stops exposed length in addition to the exposed end, can manhole. Medium-voltage cables and conbe more difficult to maintain plus more dangerous n manholes that are taped or coated with to maintenance personnel. Since the use of the roofing material will be taped or coated for more expensive Class 1 type causes an almost entire length on an individual cable basis. unnoticable overall cost increase in the provision 7-1 shows cable fireproofing details for a of a medium-voltage cable installation, only Class nstallation. Polymeric elastomer tapes will 1 terminations will be used. Either taped or . Asbestos tapes are not permitted. Where preformed Class 1 terminations are acceptable. have been lubricated to enhance pulling Use of the next higher BIL rating in contaminated ucts, the lubricant will be removed from areas is not recommended, as it is preferable to exposed in the manhole before fireproofing. have a cable failure at the termination rather nsulation tests. Cable testing will be specithan within the cable length. e performed and successfully completed for f. Fireproofing. High current arcs can cause ium-voltage cable installations. Cable testheat or even flames which can destroy cables l include the testing of the adequacy of all adjacent to the arc. To limit damage, cables are plices and terminations, as applicable. Caoften fireproofed in manholes and vaults. Fireill be disconnected from equipment during proofing should be limited to cables rated above ng process. The first testing of new cables 600 V. Fireproofing methods include wrapping the ormed by the cable manufacturer at the ed Cables. 7 - 5 ----------------------- Page 6----------------------TM 5-811-1/AFJMAN 32-1080

with a fo in the

ductors i a firep

their Figure taped be i used

cables into cables g. I d

fied to b all ing cable bles med wil s w

the testi is perf

Figure 7-1. Fireproofing of Insulat

factory, and is performed in accordance with indusConstruction. try standards. The designer will specify the 1) Wall thickness. Nonmetallic ducts are mantests in accordance IEEE Std 400. Unless the cable ed with thin-wall (type EB) and thick-wall

a. field ( ufactur

accessory manufacturers indicate higher voltages DB) thicknesses. The thin-wall type is deare acceptable, test voltages will not exceed the to be used with an added concrete encaserecommendations of IEEE Std 404 for cable joints The thick-wall type is used without encaseand IEEE Std 48 for cable terminations. Table 7-2 concrete; this type of duct is installed with compares the recommendations of various stanh fill separating the ducts in a bank, except dards regarding test voltages for insulation, termider areas used for vehicular traffic concrete nations, and joints. Test voltages for 28 kV and 35 ent is necessary. Guidelines indicating kV cable insulation should be in accordance with concrete encasement is necessary are prothe AEIC standards since ICEA/NEMA standards n chapter 5. do not cover 133 percent insulation for these two 2) Shape. Most ducts have round exteriors voltage classes. Tests for cables 600 volts and a round bore; however, octagonal and square below will be specified in accordance with IEEE rs are available, as are square bores. Std 422. or octagonal exteriors may make stacking in 7-3. some cases, but Duct lines. round bores are prefera-

(type signed ment. ment in an eart that un encasem where vided i ( with exterio Square easier ble for

cable pulling. Excluding Alaska and other permafrost locations, 3) Number. Ducts are available in a single duct lines will be installed in accordance with the configuration. Although some ducts are NESC regarding the frost line (i.e., below frost le in multiple duct units with from two to lines or restrained with backfill, concrete encaseceways in each length, this type will not be ment, bracing, or other means to maintain its r electric power cables. design position under stress of installation proceSystems. For new projects, duct lines will be dures, cable pulling operations, settling, or frost d at the same time for both electric power uplift). For permafrost locations, designs will incorcommunication circuits. See TM 5-811-9 for porate duct line installation methods which are cations systems requirements. Communistandard for the base, post, or local utility. In clay cables will be completely isolated from soil, not less than a three-inch layer of sand will c power cables in accordance with ANSI C2, cover the bottom of the duct trench before ducts g separate conduits and access points, such are placed. Ducts will be covered with not less nholes. Separate electric and communication than a six-inch layer of sand after they are placed. s may be installed in the same duct bank, Metallic conduit will not be used when concrete

( raceway availab nine ra used fo b. provide and communi cation electri by usin as ma

conduit however

. For economy and space conservation, encasement is provided. When tying into an existc power and communication ducts may be ing asbestos composite duct bank, proper environed in the same trench and manholes may be mental protocol will be followed. The designer will t, when such arrangements suit the comprovide terrain profiles for all duct systems utilizion circuit requirements of the appropriate ing manholes. Systems utilizing above ground Power and communication cable separasectionalizing and pulling cabinets need profiles will be in accordance with ANSI C2. Fiber only in hilly or congested areas. cable (and duct) spacing from power cable be same as for conventional cable and Table 7-2. Comparison of DC Test Voltages (kV) because of the continued use of hybrid sysand to provide an increased margin of Joints on the

electri install adjacen municat agency. tion optic will duct tems,

Cable ion for the fiber optic cable. Rated E x t r u d e d Sizes. The nominal diameter of raceways for Voltage 133 Percent TerminaDielectric voltage, communication, and other cables (kV) Insulation tions Cable cts between manholes will be four inches, Phase NEMA AEIC IEEE IEEE larger ducts provided where 15 kV cables to W C 7 CS5 No. 48 No. 404 than No. 4/0 AWG are to be installed. The Phase W C 8 CS6 cation service duct to any building will 2.5 25 40 e less than three inches in diameter. Low5.0 25 50 25 8.7 35 65 35 power ducts supplying building services 15 65 75 55 sized in accordance with the NEC. Exterior 25 100 105 75 supplied from a building such as multiple 28 125 115 85 g, control, or motor loads will be served 34.5 155 140 100 not 7 - 6 ----------------------- Page 7----------------------TM of underground 5-811-1/AFJMAN raceways installed should 32-1080 be the less than l-inch ducts. In general, sizes

protect c. mediumin with larger communi not b du

voltage will be loads lightin with

ple

tely below-grade structures. In addition to nominal 4-inch, 3-inch, 2-inch, or 1-inch size, kers, 3-inch wide 5-mil brightly colored plasexcept where large numbers of secondary ducts tape placed approximately 12 inches below make this uneconomical, such as on tank farms. ished grade may be used. d. Spare capacity. A sufficient number of spare ducts will be provided in duct systems between . Manholes, Handholes, and Pullboxes. manholes to provide for at least a 25 percent traffic areas, design will be for a H20 wheel increase in the number of cables. The number of ding as defined by AASHTO HB-13. spare ducts will be increased as required for future a. Manholes. Manholes will normally be located service to planned expansion. Such spare provistreet intersections and will be spaced otherwise sions do not apply to building service ducts, unless meet facility needs; to conform to the facility there is a definite planned expansion or a planned ter plan; or as required by the cable pulling increase in reliability requires provision for dupliculations. cate feeders. Spare ducts should be plugged to (1) Criteria for construction. Manholes will not prevent entry of debris and rodents. less than six feet in depth, by six feet in length, e. Installation. Installation requirements for four feet in width with an access opening to the concrete-encased duct lines will meet requirements face above (outer air) of not less than 30 inches of ANSI C2. Figure 7-2 shows typical contiguradiameter. Manholes will provide a minimum tions, however, spacing and arrangement will be l space of six feet on all sides where splices will adapted to ensure adequate conductor ampacities racked. Duct entrances into the manhole can be in accordance with the NEC and IEEE/ICEA ated near one end of long walls so that sharp publications. Additional duct configurations are ds of cables at the duct mouth are avoided, or depicted in the NEC. Figure 7-3 indicates draine sufficient space will be provided for a reverse age requirements for underground ducts. d before the cable straightens out on the wall (1) Maximum number of conduits in a duct which the cable is racked. Manhole elevations run. Electric power cables generate heat depenelevations of duct lines entering manholes will dent upon the cable loading and resistance. Dissishown. For nonmetallic-jacketed cables, the pation of this heat is no problem because of imum bending radius will be 12 times the diversity of cable loading, as previously noted. rall cable diameter. Metallic-jacketed cable More than eight ducts entering at any one point in ds will be in accordance with ICEA/NEMA a manhole provide a cable congestion which makes

mar tic fin 7-4 In loa

at to mas cal

be by sur in wal be loc ben els ben on and be min ove ben req

uirements or 12 times the overall cable diamemaintenance time-consuming and costly. Where ter , whichever is greater. Figure 7-4 shows details the use of more than eight ducts in a single run is of factors which affect lengths of manholes. A scale necessary, the minimum manhole size required, as exa mple of a specific cable size installed in a noted later, will be increased. More than two duct man hole is shown on figure 7-5. entrances may require larger manhole sizes. (2) Types of manholes. A combination electric (2) Configurations. Arrangements for electric pow er and communications manhole suitable for (E) and communication (C) ducts are given below: use with most electric power and communication 4E or 4C . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ducts wide by 2 deep duct arrangements is shown on figure 7-6. Other 4E and 4C . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ducts wide by 2 deep arrangements are acceptable, but minimum inside 6E or 6C . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ducts wide by 2 deep dim ensions and reinforcing will match require6E and 6C . . . . . . . 6 ducts wide by 2 deep (3) Miscellaneous. ts shown on figure 7-6. Generally, manhole (a) Jacking. Where ducts are jacked under wings indicate the requirements for a cast-inexisting pavement or used for exposed installace concrete manhole. Precast manholes may be tions, rigid steel conduit will be installed because cified as a Contractor s option, when they proof its strength. To protect the corrosion-resistant e the same inside dimensions, strength, and conduit coating, predrilling or installing conduit led joints comparable to the monolithic coninside a larger iron pipe sleeve (jack-and-sleeve) is uction of case-in-place manholes. Prefabricated lts of other than concrete construction will be required when conduits are jacked. For crossings of existing railroads and airfield pavements tricted to direct-burial cable systems. greater than 50 feet in length, the predrilling (3) Prohibited devices. Electrical equipment h as transformers or switches should not be method or the jack-and-sleeve method will be used. (b) Duct line markers. Duct line markers talled in manholes or underground vaults, exwill be provided only for duct line stubouts or for t in manholes adjacent to airfields where such other ducts whose locations are indeterminate tallations may be necessary to meet airfield because of duct curvature or terminations at comarance requirements, or as specifically required 7 - 7 men dra pla spe vid sea str vau res

suc ins cep ins cle

----------------------- Page 8----------------------TM OR DUCT ATION DUCT R E I N F O R C E D C T B A N K NOTES: A. ELECTRICAL SUPPLY DUCT: ARRANGEMENTS. SIZES. AND DIMENSIONS SHOWN ABOVE WIL L CONFORM TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF NFPA 70. ED BASED ON B. LOCATION. C. ENCASEMENT DIMENSIONS ARE BURIAL DEPTHS. AND STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS. TO BE DETERMIN BANK D U 5-811-1/AFJMAN SINGLE COMMUNICATION BANK ELECTRIC AND COMMUNIC 32-1080 DUCT ELECTRIC

AVAILABLE

DUCT

COMMUNICATIONS SUPPLY DUCT: SEPARATIONS ARE DEPENDENT ON SPACERS FOR THE RESPECTIVE CONDUIT SIZE.

COMMERCIALLY

ICATION Details 7 - 8

D. ANSI C2 MINUIMUM SEPARATION IS 3 INCHES CONCRETE.

FOR SUPPLY-COMMUN

Figure 7-2. Concrete Encased Duct

----------------------- Page 9----------------------TM by 5-811-1/AFJMAN 32-1080 from sources supply for shown install manhole ( m

the Using Agency, and then equipment will be manhole and ductline systems or other of the type which can be submersed. Where the for low-voltage power and communication water table is high enough to flood manholes, to building services. A handhole suitable water will be removed by portable pumps operated ost electric power or communication usage is on a regular schedule. Permanently connected on figure 7-8. At least four racks will be sump pumps will not be installed, except in special ed. Where more than two splices occur, a instances. Permanent ladders will not be installed; may be more appropriate. portable ladders will be used when required.

2) Pullboxes. Pullboxes are used for electric (4) Manhole appurtenances. Ground rods will s supplying low-voltage electric loads which be installed in one corner of each electric manhole conductors no larger than No. 1/0 AWG for metallic shield or sheath grounding to reduce o more than one 2-inch conduit entrance at induced potential gradients. Dangerous gradients side. Where larger conduits are installed, are not induced by communication circuits, so rods es or manholes will be used. Because will not be installed in communication manholes. depths are less than two feet, conduits Other manhole appurtenances are shown on figure always slope up into the pullbox. Pullboxes 7-7. Square covers will not be used because of the o suitable for fire alarm, public address, and danger of the cover slipping through the opening. circuits. Pullboxes will not be used for The traffic cover shown on figure 7-7 is suitable ne circuits without the approval of the for AASHTO H20 wheel loadings. Pulling-in irons iate communication agency. Figure 7-9 will be provided opposite each duct entrance or standard sizes of pullboxes used for lowwhere there are provisions for future duct eninstallations. Pullboxes will not be used in trances. Sufficient cable racks will be installed to subject to vehicular traffic. In such areas, properly support cables on both sides of any cable es will be installed. The use of a pullbox at splice and elsewhere as needed. Rack horizontal ase of a lighting pole is unnecessary in most spacing will be 3 feet to 4- feet for electric power cables dependent upon the nature of the anholes at Air Force installations. cable bends. At least two racks will be located on (1) General requirements. Manholes shall be each wall, except, racks will not be more than 30 tely sized, shall comply with applicable inches apart horizontally. ments of OSHA, and AASHTO, and may be (5) Communication manholes are to be deor cast-in-place. Openings should be round signed in accordance with Army Field Manual t less than 32 inches in diameter. 11-486-5, Telecommunications Engineering Out2) Manholes for aircraft operating and parkside Plant Telephones, paragraphs 7-17 to 7-30. prons. Electrical manholes in aprons shall be b. Other Types of Cable Access Points. Where d. Cables shall be installed beyond the splicing or pulling of cables requires an access ry of aprons. Electrical manholes shall point, but the volume provided by a manhole is in a distance of 50 feet from the edge of unnecessary, handholes or pullboxes will be proand 50 feet from any hydrant lateral vided as appropriate.

circuit require and each handhol pullbox must are als control telepho appropr shows voltage areas handhol the b n

cases. c. M

adequa require precast and no ( ing a

avoide periphe mainta paving contro

l pit and 200 feet from a fueling point. (1) Handholes. Handholes are used ION US Army Corps of Engineers

on

laterals DUCT LINE ELEVAT

Figure 7-3. Duct Line Drain age. 7-9 ----------------------- Page 10----------------------TM 5-811-1/AFJMAN 32-1080 rail enca airf stee b the ends of cable runs, at each cable joint or splice, a. Protection. In some locations, nonmetallicat approximately every 500 feet along cable runs, jackets may not provide sufficient cable protection. and at changes in direction of cable runs. In Metal armor provides protection from rodents. tion to markers, a 3-inch wide 5-mil, brightly Direct-burial cable with concentric neutral, inred plastic tape placed approximately 12 stalled in ducts, will incorporate the same overall es below finished grade will be used. Where jacket as that specified for direct burial. Where e is used for lighting circuits and the lighting buried cable warning is required by the using s effectively provide indication of direction agency, tape manufactured for this purpose will be ges, markers are not required. Markers will provided. Where installed under traffic areas or imilar to the one shown on figure 7-10. PLAN PLAN LEVEL 1 I PLAN ELEVATION LEVEL CABLE ELEVATION OFFSET TURN CABLE ELEVATION addi colo inch cabl pole chan be s

7-5. Direct-Burial Cable Installations. roads, cables will be installed in concreteCables will be installed not less than the minised ducts for protection. Under railroads and mum depth required by the NEC or, excluding ield crossings, concrete-encased ducts must be Alaska and other permafrost areas, as necessary to l-reinforced. be below the frost line, whichever is greater. . Markers. Cable markers will be located near

NONLEVEL US Army Corps

OFFSET of Engineers

CABLE

Figure 7-4. Factors Influencing Ma nhole Design. 7-10 ----------------------- Page 11----------------------TM Note: 5-811-1/AFJMAN For see 32-1080

US Army Corps of Engineers Figure 7-5. A Scale Example of a Cable Installed in a Manhole 7-11 ----------------------- Page 12----------------------TM 5-811-1/AFJMAN 32-1080 PLAN SECTION A - A US Army Corps of Engineers Figure 7-6. Typical Double Manhole. 7-12 ----------------------- Page 13----------------------TM RON ns classification s Appurtenance Remarks Type D E F Style Size Nominal A B C inche 5-811-1/AFJMAN ENTRANCE CABLE FRAME RACK 32-1080 PULLING-IN I Dimensio

Fed. Spec. RR-F-621

aModified to suit a 36-inch frame.

b Circular instead of square shaped. US Army Corps of Engineers Figure 7-7. Manhole Appurtenance s. 7-13 ----------------------- Page 14----------------------TM 5-811-1/AFJMAN 32-1080 PLAN SECTION US Army Corps of Engineers Figure 7-8. Electric or Communication Handho le. 7-14 ----------------------- Page 15----------------------TM 5-811-1/AFJMAN 32-1080 A-A

US Army Corps of Engineers Figure 7-9. Pullbox Installation 7-15 ----------------------- Page 16----------------------TM 5-811-1/AFJMAN 32-1080

US Army Corps of Engineers Figure 7-10. Underground System Marker. 7-16