DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF 8-BIT 8085

MICROPROCESSOR USING VERILOG LANGUAGE

A PROJECT REPORT
SUBMITTED FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF
BACHLOR OF ENGINEERING DEGREE FROM
MAHARSHI DAYANAND UNIVERSITY, ROHTAK
IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SESSION 2008-2012
by

PRASHANT GOYAL (8EE-083)

PRATEEK SAHNEY (8EE-084)
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
GUIDE

Mrs. Ruqiah Khanam(Asst. Professor)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

LINGYAS INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
FARIDABAD YEAR 2012

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The completion of any project brings with it a sense of satisfaction, but it is never
complete without thanking those people who made it possible and whose constant support has
crowned our efforts with success.
We would like to express our gratitude to Prof. A.K. Nadir, Head of the
Department, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Lingayas Institute of
Management And Technology, for encouraging and inspiring us to carry out the project in
the department lab.
We would also like to thank our Project Guides Mrs.Ruqiah Khanam(Asst. Professor)
for her expert guidance, encouragement and valuable suggestions at every step of the project.
We also would like to thank all the staff members of EEE dept. for providing us with
the required facilities and support towards the completion of the project.
We are extremely happy to acknowledge and express our sincere gratitude to our
parents for their constant support and encouragement and last but not the least, friends and
well wishers for their help and cooperation and solutions to problems during the course of
the project.
Also our friends at 8051projects.net who provided solutions at times when we were
against the wall in need of help.

ABSTRACT

CONTENTS
NAME OF THE CHAPTER
1.

PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 CURRENT SCENARIO.2

1.1.1 MANUAL SETUP..2
1.1.2 PARTIALLY AUTOMATED SETUP...2
1.1.3 FULLY AUTOMATED SETUP.....3
1.2 PROBLEM DEFINITION....3
1.3 PROPOSED MODEL FOR AUTOMATION OF GREENHOUSE...4

2.

SYSTEM MODEL
2.1 BASIC MODEL OF THE SYSTEM.......6
2.2 PARTS OF THE SYSTEM..7
2.3 STEPS FOLLOWED IN DESIGNING THE SYSTEM..7

3.

BASIC THEORY
3.1 LIFE PROCESSES INSIDE A GREENHOUSE
3.1.1 PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROCESS..10
3.1.2 TRANSPIRATION.....11

4.

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
4.1 TRANSDUCERS
4.1.1 LIGHT SENSOR
4.1.1.1 FEATURES ...14
4.1.1.2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION ..16
4.1.3 HUMIDITY SENSOR
4.1.3.1
---------------17
FEATURES-------------------------------------------------------------

4.1.3.2 FUNCTIONAL
DESCRIPTION-------------------------------4.1.4 TEMPERATURE SENSOR

---------------18

4.1.4.1
FEATURES----------------------------------------------------------4.1.4.2 FUNCTIONAL
DESCRIPTION-----------------------------------4.2 ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC 0809)

----------------19

4.2.1
DESCRIPTION---------------------------------------------------------------4.2.2
FEATURES--------------------------------------------------------------------4.2.3 CONVERSION METHOD
USED------------------------------------------4.2.4 PIN DIAGRAM OF ADC
0809---------------------------------------------4.2.5 SELECTING AN ANALOG
CHANNEL----------------------------------------4.3 MICROCONTROLLER

----------------21

----------------20

----------------21
----------------22
----------------23
----------------23

4.3.1 CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING A

----------------26
MICROCONTROLLER-------------------------4.3.2
----------------26
DESCRIPTION----------------------------------------------------------------4.3.3
----------------27
FEATURES--------------------------------------------------------------------4.3.4 PIN
----------------28
CONFIGURATION--------------------------------------------------4.3.5 BLOCK
----------------29
DIAGRAM-------------------------------------------------------4.3.6 PIN
----------------30
DESCRIPTION--------------------------------------------------------4.3.7 SPECIAL FUNCTION
----------------32
REGISTERS------------------------------------4.3.8 MEMORY
----------------32
ORGANIZATION---------------------------------------------4.4 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY..35
4.4.1 SIGNALS TO THE LCD..............36
4.4.1.1 LOGIC STATUS ON THE CONTROL LINES.35
4.4.1.2 WRITING AND READING DATA FROM THE LCD.36
4.4.2 PIN DESCRIPTION...........37
4.5 RELAYS.............38
4.6 POWER SUPPLY CONNECTION.....40

5. SYSTEMS USED IN WORK MODE

5.1 DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING SOIL MOISTURE.43
5.2 ARTIFICIAL GROWING LIGHTS FOR CONTROLLING ILLUMINATION.......44
5.3 HEATERS AND FANS FOR CONTROLLING TEMPERATURE
5.3.1 COOLING EQUIPMENT..45
5.3.2 HEATING EQUIPMENT..45
5.4 HUMIDIFICATION SYSTEMS46

6. SOFTWARE
6.1 INTRODUCTION TO KEIL SOFTWARE
6.1.1 WHAT IS Vision3?............................................................................................48
6.1.2 STEPS FOLLOWED IN CREATING AN APPLICATION IN Vision3.48
6.1.3 DEVICE DATABASE....53
6.1.4 PERIPHERAL SIMULATION..53
6.2 ProLoad PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE..53

7. FLOWCHART AND PROGRAMMING

7.1 FLOWCHART REPRESENTING THE WORKING OF THE SYSTEM.....56
7.2 FLOWCHART FOR LCD INITIALIZATION..........57
7.3 FLOWCHART FOR ADC INITIALIZATION..59
7.4 FINAL PROTOTYPE..61
7.5 PROGRAMMING...63

8. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

8.1 ADVANTAGES74
8.2 DISADVANTAGES.74

9. FUTURE SCOPE...76
10. BILLS OF MATERIALS
10.1 BILLS OF MATERIALS.78

10. CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION.81
I. REFERENCES.....82

LIST OF FIGURES
I. Figure 2.1 Block diagram of the system..6
II. Figure 3.1 Block diagram of photosynthesis..10
III.
Figure
Transpiration.12

3.2

IV. Figure 4.1 Light Dependent Resistor.14

V. Figure 4.2 Structure of a Light Dependent Resistor.....15
VI. Figure 4.3 Light sensor circuit... ...16
VII. Figure 4.4 HIH-4000-001 Humidity sensor...17
VIII. Figure 4.5 Humidity sensor circuit.18
IX.
Figure
4.6
sensor.19

LM35

temperature

X. Figure 4.7 Temperature sensor circuit...20

XI. Figure 4.8 Getting data from the analog world.21
XII. Figure 4.9 Block diagram of ADC 080922
XIII. Figure 4.10 Pin diagram of ADC 0809...23
XIV. Figure 4.11 ADC 0809 pin details for the system...24
XV. Figure 4.12 Timing diagram of ADC 0809...25
XVI. Figure 4.13 Pin diagram of AT89S52..28
XVII. Figure 4.14 Block diagram of the microcontroller..29

XVIII. Figure 4.15 Internal memory block33

XIX. Figure 4.16 Address locations for a 2x16 line LCD....36
XX. Figure 4.17 Pin diagram of 2x16 line LCD....37
XXI. Figure 4.18 Sugar Cube Relay...38
XXII. Figure 4.19 Circuit symbols of relays..39
XXIII. Figure 4.29 +5V Power supply circuit40
XXIV. Figure 5.1 Drip irrigation system.43
XXV. Figure 6.1 Window for choosing the target device..49
XXVI. Figure 6.2 Project workspace pane.50
XXVII. Figure 6.3 Project options dialog.......50
XXVIII. Figure 6.4 Save All and Build All Target Files buttons.50
XXIX.
Figure
6.5
.51

Vision3

Debugger

window.

XXX. Figure 6.6 Reset, Run and Step into options..52

XXXI. Figure 6.7 Programming window..54
XXXII. Flowcharts.56-60
XXXIII. Final Prototype.61-62
XXXIV. Block Diagram of the System..41