The Chin Hills History

Web Moving Images Texts / Audio Software Patron Info About IA Projects /stream/chinhillsahisto00tuck goog/chinhillsahisto00tuckgoog_djvu.txt / stream/chinhillsahisto00tuckgoog/chinhillsahisto00tuckgoog_djv u.
txtFPRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=(navigation image)"
Hom American Libraries | Canadian Libraries | Universal Library | Community Texts | Project Gutenberg | e Children's Library | Biodiversity Heritage Library | Additional Collections
Search: Search See other formats
Anonymous Up Advanced User (login loa or join us) d
Full text of "The Chin Hills: a history of our people"

Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that's often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other maiginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book's long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials
and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing tliis resource, we liave taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain fivm automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google's system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attributionTht GoogXt "watermark" you see on each file is essential for in forming people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can't offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book's appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liabili^ can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google's mission is to organize the world's information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world's books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at |http: //books .google .com/I
dbjGoogle
dbjGoogle
dbjGoogle
dbjGoogle
2>S C2-;
dbjGoogle
dbjGoogle
THE CHIN HILLS:
AHistopy of the People, our dealings with them, their Oustome and Mannere, and a Gazetteer of their Country,
BERTRAM SfCAREY, c.i.E., Assiiiant Commisstoner, Burma, and Political Officer, Chin Hills.
H. N. TUCK, EiOra Atsiitant Commitsionr, Burma, and Assistant Political Officer, Chin Hilt*.
VOLUME II.
RANGOON: PRINTED BV THE SUFBRINTENDBNT. GOVBRNMBNT FRtNTtNO, BURMaI
Digitized byGOOgle
dbjGoogle
CONTENTS. PART III. GAZETTEER OF VILLAGES.
Gfuetteer of villages in the Northern Chin Hill Siyin villages ... ,., , >> ... iii. Sokte villages ... ... . ... ,., vii. Sokte (NwengalJ villages ... . . ... xiii. Kanhow villês ... , ... ... . ... xx.
Gazetteer of villages in the Central Chin Hilte Tashon or 5hunkl& villages ... ... ... ... xxxii. Vahow villages ... ... ... ... ... ivii. Whenoh village ,.. ... ... ... ... Ixxi. Gazetteer of villages in the Southern Chin Hills Haka villages '. ... ... ... ... ... Ixxix. Klangklang villages , ... ... ... ... sc. Yokwa villages ... ... ... ... ... xcvii. Independent villages . ... ... ... -. ci. Villages tributary to Manipur and lying north of the Chin Hills Thado or Kuki villages ... ... ... ... ... cxv. Yo villês ... ... ... ... ... cxx. Nwiti villages , ... ... ... ... cxxv.
PART IV. ROAD REPORTS. List of Rota Rbports in the Northern Chin Hills. Routt No. Pogt, Tiddim to Nwengal tract ... ... ... ... cxxxi. 3. Tiddim t6 Manipur . ... ... . cxxxvi. 3.. Lenacot to Tiddim . ... .,. ... cxliii, 4. Lênacot to Tomglomg country inhabited by Nwit6 tribe subordinate to Manipur ... ... ... ... ... cxlviii. 5, Lenacot to Vazagyo ... , , . clii. 6. Vazagyo to Tunian ... . ... , , cljv. J. Tinzin to lenacot .. ... . ... ... clxi, .Kalemyo vii Vazagyo and Khampat to Tiniin ... ... clxv. 9. Fort Lun?Ieh to Fort White and also Fort Lui^leh to Tiddim ... clxviii. 90. From Tiddim to Punte village (Whenoh) ... .,. ... clxxiv. 10, Fcfft White to Nikwikwa ... ... ... ... clxxv. 11. Fort White to Falam ... ... ... ... clxxix. 12. Fort White to Tiddim ... ... ... ... chtxx.
13. Pyinthaseik to Fort White . ... ... ... clxxxi. 14. Manipur river, Vangdung stream, to Lunglen h31 ... ... clxxxHi.
Digitized ov Google 396390 ^
t RotD Reports m rss Csmtral Chim Hills.
S- Falam through the Yahow country ... 16. Falam through the Kweshin country 17. Falam through the Tawyan country List of Roid Reports im thk Soutbirv Cbim Hills. 18. Kalewato Haka 19. PaMkku to Haka ... 30. Myintha to Haka . ... ... ... ... 31. Hoka to Falam ... ... ... 33. Haka to Shurkwa [direct) 33. Haka to Shurkwa (wa Thetta) ,., 34. Haka to Hanta ... ... ... ... ... 25. Haka to Naring via Hripi 35a. Haka to Naring via Bwenlon ... ... ... ... 26. Haka to RawywatHiJ Naring ... 37. Haka to Fort Lungleh vid Tao and Fort Tregear 38. Haka to Tao (Northern route) ... 39. Haka toTunyati ... ... ... 30. Haka to Rimpi mi Firthi 31. Haka to Thetta via Rawvan 33. Klangklang to Dawn ... ... ... 33. Klangklang to Hripi 34. Klangklang to Vomkwa ... ... ... 35. Klangklang to Rawkwa 36. Klangklang to Klangpi ,,, . ...
,^7. Tao to Waiitu vid Bwe 38. Tao to Haka md Bwe Sg.Kalemyo to Kunchaung bv boat ... ... 40. Kalemyo to Hanta by roaa 41. Hanla to Falam ... ... ... 43. Minywa to Shurkwa ... , .., 43> Shurkwa to Lungno ... . . 44. Lut^no to Rawywa and Lotaw . ... .,. 45. Naring to Gangaw vi'J Lotaw ... . , 46. Yokwa to Kapi via Thetta
Pagt. ducxviPi.
cot I. ccxiv, cczv. ccxvii. ccidx. ccxxyi. ocxxx. ccxxxii.
ccxxxiv. ccxssvU ccxxxviii. Gcxxxix.
cclii. cdiiL oelv.
dbyGoogle
PART III. GAZETTEER OF VILLAGES.
dbjGoogle
DioilizedbjGOOgle
PART llf. Gazetteer of Villages.
Gaaeiteer of villages in the Northern Chin Hills.
Tribe. Villages. Houses. Population. 1. Siyin a. Sokte 3. Sokte (Nwengals) 4. Kanhows ... 5 33 354 473 651 678 1,770 a,3(So 3.>55 3.Z90 Total 64 3.155 10,775
Also list of villages tributary to Manipar and lying across the northern boundary of the Chin //ills.
Tribe. Villages. 1. Thado or Kuki ... a. Yo 3. Nwit* 16 9 Total 36
I. Siyin villages. 3. Scdcte villages (on the right bank of the Manipur river). 3. Sokte villages (on the right bank of the Manipur river, Nwengal country]. 4. Kanhow villages. 5. Thado or Kuki villages tributary to Manipur. 6. Yo villages tributary to Manipur. 7. Nwitfc villages tributary to Manipur.
The Siyin villages.
I. Koset 3. Lope 3. Sagyilain 4. Toklaing 5. Vokia
dbyGoogle
^-erj-iv: Ir:er- 1 ..ines. ..ueB:
: ; i-w EA.K-'-n.
.. ar nfMnnc a e Tir4^ dan T, n >" rjs Tested Raiôon. : :^ nvTi^ nese-iad priTousT ;- 7*-i-n3s?T ^hting them j-i:-=icri :v Ki_.-w^ the excel: -i: It ..<j"F.-rt While and then liiM tfni s as.T attacked frtnn all ^ r-. .uc Wattf abundant in
dbyGoogle
GAZETTEeR OF VILLAGES.
Serial Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6
3 Sagyilainor Lxmkai. 90 Twelve and a half miles SOUth-WCBt of Fort While in plain view from ridge. Village lies on the Tanglieng spur of the Nilkorn range. From Fort White to Toklaing along mule-road 7i miles i continue on it down to Nattan stream in 3 miles, then up the hill to village along old Distance laj miles. Man Lon.
Rei(&ks. Village inhabited by the Limkai or Sagyilain clan of Siyins. At Our occupation of (he hills the Sagyilains occupied two villages ; these were both destroyed in 1889 and one was rebuilt in iBgo and the people are collected into this. The Sagyilains were the first Siyin clan to submit in 1890 and the clan was loyal during the rebellion of iSga ; consequently only 55 guns were withdrawn from the village, which now possibly possesses 40 guns. Mar Lon is Chief ct the clan, although his father lives and he has a younger brother; the former is very old and the latter incompetent. Man Lon has visited Rangoon ; he has done us most excellent service in capturing rebels and in helping us to disarm the country, and he is therefore treated with more consideration by us than any Other Siyin. Of all the thieves in Chinland the Sagyilans are (he worst. Sagyilain can be reached in 8 miles from Fort White without mule transport by dropping down on to the spur between Koset and old Tavak ard following it till it dips down to
the Nattan stream, and (hence up the old mule road to Sagyilajn. Water-supply at the village plentiful in the Tarmlui ; also in streamlets. The best camp lies alrave the village and west of the burial-ground.
Sial Na Name of village. No. ot houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. 1 2 3 4 5 6 i Toklaing or Mwitun. 80 Seven and a .half miles west of Fon White.
From Fort While to o'd Fort White (Toklaing) by an excellent muleroad. Nokatung.
Rtmarks. Villê is inhabited by the Toklaing clan of Siyins. The vill^re was destroyed in I88g and the site confiscated for a post; the people then settled down in ' Pomba, Shark, and Vo, all of which were deslroyed in the expedition of . 1892-93. ThepeoRle were disarmed and settled down on their original site during the next year and Ka.mitwvthe Chief, was deported to Kindat jail, where he died. Nokatung was then ^point* ed Chief and Kamlung's son was rejected on account of his father's villainy. Nokatung tias visited Rangoon. The village is in plain view from the ridge above Fort While ; it is not stockaded and is easily attacked. Water is brought into village by leads. Camping-grounds available either above the village on Ihe sile of old Fort White near the water-supply or near the village by the Mwilwum and Ne Kui streams, Toklaing village is held responsible that Ihe old Fnrt White cemetery, which is close to the village, 15 not defaced. Besides some la soldiers of the Norfolk and Cheshire Regiments who are buried here, there are the |fraves of Major Gordon-Cumming, Cheshire Regiment, Major Stevens, 42nd Gurkha Rifles, and Second Lieutenant Mitchell, Nortolk Raiment.
dbjGoogle
GAZETTEER OF VILLAGES.
Serial No. Name ot village. No. of houses. Situation.
CommunicatiDns. Name of mident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 5 Vokla ... 65 From Fort White 6 miles southwest. Various paths leading south-west through Old Tavak and Old Nashwin across the stream south of these villages and then over a spur to the village. PowKaU
ffMflrii. Village inhabited by the Bweman clan of Siyins. People formerly lived in Bweman near Toklaing, but when their village was burnt in 1889 they moved to Vokla and Narlpi. In 1893 Narlpi was demolished and all Bwemans collected into Vokla. The Chiel Linkam was kilted in the fight at Tartan in 1889 and the people therft elected Pow Kai. The people were disarmed in 1893. Water plentiful at the village in
the Haitsik and Saimwell streams.
dbyGoogle
ôkte Villages (on the left bank of the Manipur river). Houses. I. Bwin 15 3. Chinnwe 3 3. Darbon 40 4. Dimlo 16 5- Dimpi rj 6. Lurain 13 7. Molbem So 8. Phailian
6 9. Phunum 58 10. Saiyan 70 II. Wunkathe 108 11. Yanyaul 10
3, Google
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Siluation.
Name of resident Chief. I 2
3 4 5 6 6 Bwin '5 Between Darbon and Molbem, i mile from a"bTut^"3 miles from latter. (i) Wa Sagyiiain and Darbon. (a) K.nToklaingandold Pomba. None.
Remaris. ^The village is a hamlet of Darbon and ruled by the headman of that village, who Is subordinate to the Sukte Chief, Dolt Taung. of Molbem. Village is disarmed and is not stockaded. Water.supply good and found in two streams on the east of the village.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses.
Siluation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 a 3 4 5 6 7 Chinwe ... 30 Six and a-half miles southwest ofTiddim and quite close to and north ofSaiyan. A direct path to village leaves the Tiddim- Fort White main road, aj miles from Tiddim. Twel Nin.
Remarkt. Inhabitants belong to the Sumput family of Soktes. Village is subordinate to the Sokle Chief Dok Taung. The village ia supposed to be the birth-place of the original Northern Chins and there are many legends cornef.led with the place. The village was destroyed in 1889, but not in iBgz-93 wlien it was disarmed. Village
lies below high ridge and is indefensible. A small stream runs through the village and a good stream is found a little north of village, where the best cam ping -ground is also found.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 S 6 8 Darbon ... 40 Lies between Sj^ji lain and Molbem
(1) Fort White to Sagyiiain and thence to Darbon. (a) Fort White to Toklaing, thence through old Pomba to Darbon. Lyim Turn,
Remarks. SoVxe village subordinate to Dok Taung of Molbem. Village lies on a shelf of a cliff, hence its name Dak "cliff " and hdn " ledge." Village is easily seen from the ridge above Fwt White lying to the west in line with Sagyiiain and Molbem,
dbyGoogle
GAZETTEER OP VILLAGES. iz. and on the same spur of the Tang range. Village disarmed and not stockaded. Watersupply good in Berlorm stream close to village. Village has never been destroyed by us. Ljim Turn is an old man, and lias leprosy, and was very useful in 1889-90.
Serial No. Name of village. No. ot houses. Situation. Communications. Name of redent Chief. 1 a
3 4 5 6 9 Dhnlo ... 16 South otTiddim and west of Dimlo post Village can be reached in 3 miles from Dimlo post by Chin path. Viilage is seen lying to the south of the Dimlo-Tiddim road, about 4 miles from Dimlo. LuYet.
Remarks. The inhabitants belong to the Dim Family of Soktes and the Family is generally known as Nowlak and pays tribute to Dok Taung of Molbem. The village was destroyed in 18B9 and again in 1 891 by us. The people are afHicted with leprosy and are a most filthy lot. In the stream below ihe village the people boil salt and there are several boiling-places. Village disarmed. Water-supply good in a stream close to the village. In case it is necessary to camp near Dimlo, it is oest to camp away from the village in the surrounding cultivations where there is water.
Serial No. Name of village.
No. oF houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief, 1 2 3 4 5 6 ,. Dimpi ... 87 Five miles south of Dimlo post across the khud and in plain view. Various Chin paths leading from Dimlo viliago to Dimpi or from post to old Shwimpi, and thence west to Dimpi. Pow Yel.
i;iiiarAf. People are Dims, subordinate to the Sokte Chief Dok Taung. Vumluor founded the village eight generations ago and shortly after this a slave of
his, 'named Nowlak, founded Dimlo. The DimsandNowlaksare considered to beonefamily and have many relations living in Laitui in the Nwcngal tract, to which village they boIted_ during 1893-93. Village formerly consisted of 100 houses, but was destroyed in 1889 and in 189a. Villê not stockaded. Water-supply small and found in three wells in the village. Village disarmed.
Serial Na Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 3 6 II Lumin or Tarkal. 13 South-west of Vokla and 1 mile dis-
Unt. From Fort White to Vokla (as explained) and contmue along Chin path to Lumin. Pem Kup.
Rimarks.~Th^ inhabitants are a mongrel lot and pay tribute to Falam, Molbem, Sagyilain, and Darbon. They are of the same family as Ihe latter village. The people b
dbyGoqgle
X. GAZETTEER OF VILLAGES. have lived in the Kale valley and can all talk Burmese more or less. The people are inferior in physique to Lhelr neiehbours and are of no consequence. They trade freely with the plains. Faiam has twice destroyed their village, the last time in 1889. The people were used in i88g-g > as " go-beiweens " between us and the Siyins. Watersupply good and found in the Lien-lui, just below the village. Village has no guns.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I
3 3 4 S 6 12 Molbem (Mobingyl) 80 Lies on a spur of Tang. Umediaiely flbove the ?!",:'" about 4 miles from Sagyilain In a westerly direction. The mule road to SagyiIain and a mule-track through Darbon to village. Village in plain view from ndge above Fort White. Ddt Taung.
Rtmarks, For the history of Dok Taung and Molbem village stt the chapter dealins^ with the history of the Saktc tribe, Uok Taung is the lawful Chief of Molbem and of all villages wnich were subdued by his great -grandfather Kantum. He has been in
ell for some months in 1894. The village-siie is an ancient one, though it has t' en burnt, once by the Vahows, and by the people themselves, who made an unpro-
(êd assault on the Political Officer's escort in 1890 and then hred th '" For the past three years the Chief has lived at Paiyan In the Nwengal tr
1890 and then hred the village and boiled. iyan In the Nwengal tract. He is, however, about to return an'd should be made to stay nt Molbem (the home of his ancestors) for he
iX. administer bis subordinate villages from the right bank of the I .... Molbem in 1890 consisted of 300 houses divided into two villRgesi the upper was called Molbem and the lower Saiyan. The village is in plain view from the ridge abo\-c Fort White on the same spur of Tang as Sagyilaln, Water is found in the villê and in streams close by. The best camp is arourid a larê tree on the road from Uarfaon to Molbem and quite close to the upper village. The village is stockaded, but is easily attacked from all sides, except from the west, as the khud is very steep from the village to the Manipur river. The Soktes divide themselves into a quantity of families, the chief rrf whioh is the " Sokte " and after them the " Hwelnum," " Nowlak," " Wanor," " Torm," " Dim," " Hatlum," " Sumput," " Chlmshun," Stc The village was disarmed in 185^.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3
3 4 5 6 13 Phalllan ... 6 One mile north of Saiyan on the TiddimSaiyan road. From Tiddim march to cross roads on Dimlo road and lake the path which leads close to Saiyan, Hun Kai.
Afmnrif. Village in 1889 consisted of 40 houses which were destroyed by tbo troops, and the people scattered, the majority migrating lo Mwelyaul in the Nwengal tract. Village is subordinate lo Dok Taung, the Sokie Chief. Was disarmed in 1893, Watersupply good and found in stream on the north of village.
dbyGoogle
No. of houses. Situation. Communication^ Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 '4 Phuniim ... 5 Fort White on the Tarmwell ridge, also cast of Wunkathe. The village cultivali o n s which surroutid it are seen to the west and within 3 miles from the high road L^^ned*^ Peak. Road from Fort While leads 4i miles along Tok-
laing mule road and then branches off as a Chin track through old Tannwe village, and then across the L i u p u i stream and ascends the eastern slope of Tarmwell hill, and then descends tothe village, distance 8 miles. Sun Kam.
Rtmaris. The village is occupied by a variety of families of the Sokte tribe collected from Tannwe, Shwjmpi, Lalbon, and other small villages which were destroyed in 1893. The village is tributary to Dok Taung, the Sokte Chief. Village was destroyed in i88g ' and again in 1893. tt'was disarmed in 18^3 and 1894. The inhabitants have been collected after very great trouble and mtist be carefully watched or they will scatter again. They area wild set of people and require the very strictest administratwn. Watersupply good and found in two streams, one passing through village and the other on the south of vfllags. An excellent camping-ûnd is found near the latter stream.
Serial No. Name erf village. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. 1 3
4 5 6 15 Saiyan ... 70 South-west of Tiddim a nd west of Dimlo post; distance from Tiddim 7 miles and also from Dimlo 7 miles. From Tiddim along Dimlo road (Government) for 3 miles to "cross roads," then follow improved Chin track at gradual descent and winding above Losow and Phailian and paising through Chinngwe reaches village. Pum Tong.
Remaris. Village ^tuated at 2,300 feet above bed of Manipur river and faces Kaptval to the west i road and ford between these two villages; also a rope bridge for use curing the rains. Distance to Kaptyal 8 miles; inhabitants are "fiwclnum," * Tormte," and " Somput " families and subordinate to Dok Taung, Chief of Sokies, Village destroyed in March 1889 bv troops and disarmed in 1893. Camping-ground (at 4,700 feet) for large force just above and commanding the village. Water is procured from nullah whkb runs through village, but the supply is small and is collected in holes in bed of stream. Many animals cannot be watered here; it is thereforemore convenient to camp at Chinnwe village close by. Chinnwe and Saiyan aie practically one
village.
dbyGoogle
GAZETTEER OP VILLAGES.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Commutiicatkins. Name of rewdent Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 i6 Wunkathe io8 About 13 miles from Fort White ; V i 1-
lage lies between Saiyan and Toklaing. From Fort White by mule road to Toklain); and then by path leading west and over the spur through old Pombar to the Twemdwi stream; thence up the spur by path to village. Kaitorm.
Semarks. The majority of the people are Nwitb tribesmen, who were conquered by the Soktes and who settled down amongst these instead of following the remainder of the tribe into Manipur territory. Thevillage is subordinate to Dok TauT^, the Sokte Chief. The village was destroyed in 1889 and disarmed in 1893. The village was noted for the excellence of its guns in past years. Water is found in several wells in the village and a small stream trickles through village, but the supply is Broall. In 18S9 the village consisted of 330 houses.
3 4 5 6 17 Yanyaul ... >< Half a mile from and south-w e s t of Darbon. From Fort White through Sagyilain and Darbon. None.
.Rfmarhs. t.yim Turn of Darbon rules this hamlet, which, like Darbon, ; 3 Dak Taung, ihe Sokle Chief. Village slightly stockaded ; has r
dbjGoogle
Sokte Villages [in Nwengal Tract), on right bank of the Manipur river. Houses. I. Chimpikoot ... ... ... 38 3. Hde ... ... ... 60 3. Kaptyal . .., , 70 4. Laitui ... ... ... 100 5. Mwellum ... ... ... sa 6. Mwelnwum ... ... . 48
7. Mwelyaul ... ... ... 30 8. Mwial M. . ... 40 9. Paiyan ... ... ... 50 io< Sheipe ... ... ... 67 ti. Shwangxan ... ... ... 51 13. Shwumpe ... ... ... 50 13. Tongshiel ... ... ... 35 14. Unlcwun . ... ... to
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 2 3 4 5 6
|8 Chimpikoot 38 Eleven miles north-west of Tiddim on right bank of Manipur river. See Route No. I, Stage 3 (note). Sunkann.
Etmnrks. This village is tributary to Howchinkup. (he Kanhow Chief, and not to Dok Taung. It is convenient, however, to show all the villages of the Nwengal tract in one road report. People are Kanhows who have removed from Mwial. The village is anew one and probably not a permanency. It is now surrounded by jungle, is not stockaded, and the people were disarmed in i8g3, when they lived at Mwiat. Water-supply plenty in the Chimpikoot stream, which runs through the viUage.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Sh.a,l<,.
Name of resident Chief. I
2 3 4 5 6 >S> Hele So Fourteen miles by road due west of Motbem village, on the right bank of the Manipur river. See Route No. i, Stê 8. Kanhow (at present undergo inj; a term of imprison me nt in Bunna}.
ff<Bwr4*. The inhabitants are Soktes of various families and also Nwit^ Informer times there was a village near Hele called Larnzan, but the people migrated to the Idt bank of the river and lived under the Sokte rule. Some 14 years ago Tankapow, brother of Yetol, had an affaire du etsur with the wife of Kanhow, so he left the countiyand taking with him villagers from Wunkathe, Molbera, Darbon and Saiyan, he founded Hele village. Hele was implicated in the attack on Botung post in 189a and the village was attacked by the troops and half destroyed by accident, for in blowing down a house with gun-cotton the roof caught fire. The village rebelled in 1S93-93 and was totally destroyed and the Chief Kanhow deported to ]ail in Burma, where he remains
until the village completes the full number of guns required of it. One hundred and six guns have been surrendered up to date. The village formerly consisted of 130 houses, but now owns but 6a, divided into three hamlets of 40 and lo and 10 respectively, '{"hese small villages are a mile and a-half south-west of the old site. The village is at present ruled by a council of headmen, who will hand it over to Kanhow when he returns as there is no good trying to keep Kanhow out of the chieftainship he has too much authority. Water abundant in two Kaulkal and Hiansaw streams). riot stockaded. Hele is 30 the Hweliun ford, Paiyan, streams on the west and north-east of village (the Camping-ground ôod on north-east of village; village miles from Port White vid Toklaing, old Pombar, Darbon, and Shwumpe, and the road is practicable for mules.
The village is practically independent and Dok Taung has no authority to speak of over it. The Tasnons claim the village, but must not have it as it beloi^ to the north.
dbjGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situstkm. CommunicationB. Name of resident Chief. -
3 4 5 6 ao Kaptyal ... 70 South-west oS Tiddim and south of Uutvi. Stt Route No. I, Stage 6. Do Twcl,
Remarks. The vil lagers are "Tormte" and"Hwelnum" Soktes and are nominally subordinate to Dok Taung, the Sokte Chief, though they are practically independent. The Tashons call the village Hrienng^. Twun Tong, who was Chief of Sajyansome dozen years ago and who was related to Howchinkup and Dok Taung (tm Sokte pedigrees), murdered his wife in a drunken fit, and as she was a sister of Dok Taung he conddered it safer to migrate; so he left S^yan with a following and founded the village of K^tya], which was increased in 1SS9 to 300 houses on account of Soktes and Kanhows taking refuge across the river st our occupation. Twun Tong with Kaikam, the Siyin, was the instigator of the 1892 rebellion. Both he and his eldest son died in Kindal jail the next year and his stnall son succeeds him with a council appointed by us to help him. The line village of Kxptyal was burnt by the Chins themselves as the troops advanced on the village in January 1893, and its strong fortifications, block-houses, palisades and rifle'pits were all destroyed. This village lay in a natural basin and was commanded from tne surrounding heights. The present village, which is probably but a temporary one, is 2 miles north of the old site. The old ate faces Chinnwe and is connected with it by a good road, a ford in the cold weather, and a rope
bridge in the rains. Saiyan to Kaptyal is 8 miles, 4 on each side of river; road is passable for mules. There is also a road from Tiddim to Kaptyal through Losow across the ford below Losow (Pumperm ford) and straight over hills to village, distance 15 miles. Camping-ground at old and new villages good and water plentiful in streams at old village and but meagre at new village. Signalling from Kaptyal to Fort White is easily managed from above village, and also to Tiddim from same place.
No. N.meof No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 3 4 5 fi at Laitui ... .00 Ten miles south-west of
Tiddim by road. S* Route No. t. Stage 4. PowKaYam.
R*marks.1\ic headman is of the Hwelnum family of Soktes and is considered the head of the " Dim " family. His two uncles were killed by the Siyins some years back, and so his father Pow Shwung migrated and buiit Laitui. The people belong chiefly to Dimlo, Molbem, Lamyan, and were formerly subordinate to Dok Taung, but by residing at Laitui they have come under Hou-chinkup. Pow Shwung died in 1894 and his son now rules. Camping-ground good, wate ' " ' " aded and was disurmed in 1893.
n at north of village ; village not stock-
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.
3 3 4 5 fi 33 Mwellum or Kumiel. 33 North-west of Tiddim, 15 miles by road From Tiddim to Laikerm ford 6| miles; thence north-west to Tongshiel village ai miles; thence 6 miles due west to village i distance IS miles. Wum Pow.
Remarks. Prtvioua to 1893 the inhabitants lived in Kaptyal and Hiarorn villages. When these villages were destroyed some fugitives settled here and intend now to remain. Village is subordinate to Howchiakup. Waterûpply good at village^ inhabitants disarmed in 1893.
Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 33
48 Lies west of Tiddim in from post. From Tiddim to Norn ford smiles; thence to Mwial 4^ miles; thence to village 4 miles; total 11^ miles. Powza-lyin.
Remarks. The villagers are a mixture of the Vaipe tribe and Soktes who fled here from Shwungzan and Shwumpe when their villês were attacked in 1893. The village is subordinate lo Howchinkup, and Powza-lyin is a son of the famous Yetol and cousin to Howchinkup. Water-supply good in stream north of the village. Village disarmed.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Commu nutations. Name of resident Chief. t 3 3 4 5 6 34 Mwelyaul... 30 South-west of Tiddim and west of Lamyan village, lies on the Tang Tung hill, 10 miles. Road from Tiddim leads through Losow to the Pum-penn ford 7 miles
and thence up the Tang Tung hill to village 3 miles. Benar.
Rtmarks. Villêrs arc Soktes who have migrated from Phailian and Saiyan, are subordinate to Dok Taung the Sokte Chief ; village disarmed. Benar is a Manipur Naga who was raided years ago by Saiyan and who has raised himself to be the headman of the village. He has been to Rangoon and also to jail. Village was destroyed by us in 1893. Water-supply plentiful at village.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name o( village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 9 3 4 5
6 35 Mwial 40 Seven miles by road due west of Tiddim. Three miles to the Norn ford and ^ miles up the ShwulC' lu spur to village. Anntung.
Semarts.-~The inhabitants belone to the " Hatlan " family of Soktes, and Kanhows ; Kochim wished to marry Armtung^ daughter some years back, but the Kanhow clan objecied to their Chid marrying the daughter of a slave family and so Armtung and his family were driven out of Tiddim village and crossed the river, founding Mwial, In 1889, when Tiddim village was destroyed by the troops, many Kanhows joined Armtung and his village became large, but it tell ofF after 18931 when the village was disarmed. Armtung's two sons, Nincheo and Powkin, are both villains. Villape was not destrojred in 1S93 ; village is subordinate to Howchinkup ; it is not stockaded. Good cam^nng-^round north of the villê and close to it and water sufficient in stream.
Serial No. Name of village. No. rf houses. Situation.
communications. .^SeTc*^,,, I 3 3 4 5 1 6 06 Paiyan or Parxan. 50 WestofMolbem and 17 miles by road southwest of Tiddim. From Tiddim to Saivan; thence toHwelzun ford and up the Satkyi-Norn ridgeto the village. Dok Taung.
Remarks. The villagers are chiefly Soktes from Molbem, who migrated after destroying their village in 1890. There are some NwitSs in the village. The village has been disarmed. Dok Taung is ordered to return at once and live at Molbem, and it is probable that the majority of his people will follow him. The Tashons claim the right to administer this village, but their claim should be ignored. Excellent camping-ground is found nnmediately below the village and water ts found in a stream south>west of the village.
Serial No.
Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 37 Sheipe 67 Seventeen miles by road southwest of Tiddim. Route No. I, Stage 7 Powkawoon.
Remarks. The villagers are Kanhows who migrated from Losow and are subordinate to Howchinkup, though so Ear he exercises but little control over village. Village was
dbjGoogle
Xviii. 6AZETTBER OF VILLAGES. destroyed in 1893 by troops and was dbarmed. Some 15 houses are now acnanted from the main village and lie about I niile to the north-east oT it. The villaf^ 13 not stock' aded. Water in plenty in stream on south-east of village and good camjringrround close by. Village is 7 miles from Kaptyal and the best way to village is vid Losow, Pumporm ford, and Kaptyal.
Senal No. Name of vfllaffo. No. of houses. SituattoiL Communications. Name of rMdei)t Chief. 1 3 4 S 6 iS =5.-r"" 5>
South-west of Tiddim, south of Kaptyal, and west ol Fort White. Road from Tiddim to Saiyan j thence to Molbem ford 14 miles 1 thence up the Shieltui spur to village. Howkatung.
Rtmarkt, Villagers belong to the "Chintung" family of Soktes, origmally moved from Molbem. Village nominally subordinate to Dok Taung, but in reality Howkatung is independent. Village is surrounded with a strong thcrn fence, which is becoming dttapitfated. Best camping-ground on south of the village. Water-supply pfentiful and bund in two laiê streams on north and south of village. Village was not destroyed in tS^. bnt was disanned. Heliographic conmunication 10 Fort White easy.
Serial tits Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communication.. . Name of readent Clurf. I 3 3
4 5 6 89 Shwumpe... SO Fonr at>d a half miles by road, east of Hele. Route No. 1, Stage 9 ... Mangea.
J?marjb. Villagers belong to the" Kai Maung" family of the Soktetribeand migrated west from Molbem some 2o years ago. Village was destroj^ by ua in 1893, but people rebwit on the original site. Village is unstockaded and disarmed. Water-supply good at the village and camp Bbmt village.
Serial Na Name of vUlage. No. of houses. Situation.
3 3 4 5 6 30 Tongshiel... 35 Nine miles north-west of Tiddim. Road from Tiddim to Lailo village 3 miles; thence to Laikerm ford is 3i miles; thence ascends in north-west direction to village in ai miles. Shwungnuk
Rtmarhs. Inhabitants are Kanhows who were burnt out of Tiddim by us in 1S89 ; they then moved to Mwial and were then disarmed in 1893 ; the next year, on account of
dbyGoogle
OAZSTTBBR OF VILLAGES. US. scarcity <rf food and culturable lands, they moved to pFcsent site. The village may become large in time as Chimpikoot village and other emigrants may collect here. Village is subordinate to Howchinkup. Water-supply good and found in two streams on the north and south oE village.
Serial N-o. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Uom roun ications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 31 Unkwun ... 10 West of Tiddim, north of Mwial 8 miles from Tiddim. Ro&d from Tiddim to Nom village and thence to Norn ford and then ascended the M w e 1 Haim spur to village.
Naiyil.
Rtmarkt. Inhabitants belong to the " Hwelnum " family of Soktes, but having moved into Howchlnkup'g territory they are subordinate to him, although they formerly lived at Saiyan under the Sokte Chiefs rule. Village is but three years' old. Watersupflj good and found tn a stream on west of village.
dbyGoogle
Kanhow Village,
I. Balbil a. H^mwell 3. Hattsi 4. Han ken 5. Halkam 6. Hianzan 7. Howpi 8. Kumal 9. Lailo 10. Lailui IT. Lamyan 13. Lenacot 13. Lontuk 14. Ltâ 15. Losow 16. Lumiang 17. Lnmian 18. Nginnon 19. Nom 3o> Numnai 31. Paitu
a I. Puntong 33. Kwunkum 34. Salxang 35. Savak 36. Shielmong 37. Talian 38. Tunzan 39. Twelmu 30, Twitum 31. TuitgTuung 33. Vangl^ 33, Wallawun
dbyGoogle
Sedal Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. omm unication s. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4
5 6 33 Balbil or Bilon. i6 On eastern slopes of Tang, west of Khampat. Sie Route No. 4 Kamshuek.
^(warii. Village is situated on a spur of Tang on the eastern face ; it lies west of Khampat and a mile above and on the south bank of the Tuipu or Nanpalaw river. Elevation 3,150 feet. The inhabitants are Thados and not Kanhows ; they belong lo the Vumlu and Vumtain families of Thados and are therefore inferior to the Mangvum family, which is found in Lormpi, Bwankwa, &c. Village is an offshoot of Hianzan and move about on the eastetTi slopes of Tang. They have Rved in following villages during the past generation : Doltung, Mwelbuk, and Lunghaung. Village subordinate to HowchinKup, the Kanhow Chief. Water in Twiyal stream and Tuipu river.
Communications. Name of readent Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 33 Hmmwell... 8 By road I3i miles, north of Tiddim. Chin path to Twelmu 9 miles, thence to Numnai 3 miles, and thence by Chin path to Haimwefl li mifes. N unlet.
subOTdinate to Howchinkup. Village disarmed.
1 to the north of it about one and a-half{sit Twelmu and Numnai) ; people Yo^
Serial No. Name of
village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications^ Name of resident Chief, I 3 3 4 5 6 34 Haitai or Kumnwe. 30 East of Tang range, north of Lopa and west of Ya(agyo. 5 Route No, 4. Set Route No. 6 to Tunzan, thence via Paitu to Lopa in 23 miles; thence to Haitsi in 20 miles. Omkatu:^.
^(BforA*. People are Thados of the Vumlu and Vumtara families. They are subordinate to Howchinkup, the Kanhow Chief. Ornkatung, the headman, spent twoyears in Myingyan jail in 1890-gi ; people great traders and can all more or less speak Burmese, Village disarmed; village surrounded by jungle j camp and water in stream on west of village. The people are nomads and jhum paddy is grown at the village. The general name " Tangkai " is given to the country lying on the east of the Tang range, which means " the other side of the range " and the people are spoken of as " Tangkai " in the same way as the Nwit6s of the north a"* ralW " Malie " nnH the tian^r^.,^,- Ql 33 the " Numngalte."
e called " Make " and the trans-river Soktes
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Nametrf resident Chief. 1 3 3 4
5 6 ' 35 Hanken ... 30 On eastern slopes of Tang, north of Lopa and south of Hianzan. From Tiddim toTunzan, Routes a and 6 ; thence to Lopa, Route S in aa miles ; thence north to Hanken in la miles. Satorn.
Rimarlu. People are Thados of the Vumlu and Vumtam families i village faces Burma on the eastern slopes of Tang ; is a day's march from Balhil ; water in Tuilum stream below the village; village suhordinale to Howchinkup, the Kanhow Chief; village disarmed i jhum and grow rice ; village on south bank of the Tuipu river. Distance from Tiddim 54 miles.
Serial No. Name of vilbge. No. of houses. SHuation. Communications.
Name of redent Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 . 36 Halkam ... 8 East of Tinzin in Kabaw valley. From Tiddim to Lenacot Route No, 6. Lenacot to Halkam Route No. 7. Kamhwa.-
Rimarks. People Thados of the Vumlu and Vumtam families; originallv split off from Kenzoi ( Manipur-Kuki village). Vumal, (he old Chief, died in 1894 and Kamkwa succeeded him ; village is a collection of wretched bamboo huts; people grow rice ; village shifts according to jhuming operations; present village is i\ miles north-east of Balbil; elevation 3,300 feet ; village faces Bumia and a direct road leads to Tinzin in the Kabaw valley j village disarmed ; water at village.
Serial No.
Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of residem Chief. 1 a 3 4 5 6 37 Hiansan ... fio Thirteen anda-half miles east from Lenacot and 58I miles from Tiddim north-east. From Tiddim to Lenacot Route No. 6. Lenacot to Hianran Route No. 7. Lumorm.
Remarks. People Thados of Vumlu and Vumtam families ; are partially 'disarmed. Elevation 4,000 feet. Cam ping -ground north of vitl^ ; water brought into villa^ by leads from stream north-east oi village; water plenlilul in stream If miles from village on road from Hianzan to Halkam ; stream flowing from Molbem Peak (6,343), on which is a Trigonometrical Survey station some 3 miles from village. Houses are substantially built and people are likely to remain on present site ; rice is grown by the people ; village lies on direct road between Lenacot and Tinzin.
dbjGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Sitaation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6
38 Howpi ... 30 East and slightly north of Tiddim ; 7 miles disBy . Chin path through Nginnon village, which iain plain view from Tiddim. Howkam.
^Md rib. People Kanhows, subordinate to Howchinkup ; when General Faunce bunit Tunka village in March 1SS9 the notorious Yetol moved to Howpi and started a new village with his immediate following ; Yetol died in July 1893 and Howkam, his eldest son, is headman of the village. Yetol is buried at Tanda. People are disarml ; people may remove village to Tanka again some day ; village not visible from Tiddim on western slope of Tang ; road leads from Tiddim to N ginnon ; thence across the Temwel stream ; then up the Temwel spur and winding level reaches village in ^ miles ; water at village j Howkam is a cousin of Howchinkup.
Name of resident Chief.
I 2 3 ^ 5 6 39 Kunal ... 8 Eight miles south-east of Tnnxan. By Chin path through Twelmu-Numnai to Kunal. Twunngtt
Rtmarks. Village founded by Vum Shwen and people from Salxang ; close to Salzang and 8 miles south-east of Tunzan ; people Kannows ; are disarmed: subordinate la Howchinkup. The simplest way to. visit this village is to go to Tunzan, Route 3, from there visit Kunal and the several villages between it and Tunzan.
Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. ' t 3 3 4 5 6 40 Lailo ... 3, North-west of Tiddim, distance 3 miles. Mule path from Tiddim... Sum Chlm.
/?eHi<irii. People Kanhows, subordinate to Howchinkup ; village lies 3 miles northwest of Tiddim ; village unstockaded and disarmed ; water-supply good in stream which flows through the village. Kam Tut, the Chin who tried to save the Myo6k and his party on 9th October 1892, by ittforming us of the plot of the Siyins and Nwengals, lives in this village. He has been given a licensed gun and should be well looked aner.
dbyGoogle
Serb! No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident ChieL I a 3 4 5 6 +1 Lailui ... 35 North-east of T i d d i m, 7 miles. From Tiddim alonf'the road to Manipur for 4) miles [set Route No. a)
and then turn sharp to east along Chin track to village in 2^ miles. Twunkatung.
Remarki.Peop\e Kanhows, who moved from Tiddim when that village was burnt in 1889 seven miles from Tiddim ; is built on the ate oF an old Yo village named Dose). Villagers call themselves the " Shwentuk " family of Kanhows.
Serial No. Name of rillage. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 S 6 42 Lamyan ... 33
Four miles south-west of Tiddim. From Tiddim one mile and a half along Dimlo road, path then turns to west and descends by Chin path to village in 3i miles. Pong Tung.
Remarks.-~Peop\e Kanhows, subordinate to Howchinkup. Village was destroyed in 1889 by UH ; village disarmed, not stockaded. Water in two streams on northeast and south-east of village. Village is built on the site of an old Nwit& village; it was founded by Kanhow, who placed it there as an outpost to watch the Vahows, Whenohs, &c., and warn his new capital Tiddim In case rakling parlies shoukl approach.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5
6 43 Lenacot or Shielmong. 25 Forty-five miles north of Tiddim. Sts Set Set Ste Route Route Route Route No. No. No. No. 2. 6. 4. 7.
Remarks. Elevation 4,000 feet; inhabitants Vos, subordinate to Howchinkup; village lies on west of Tang, is 37 j^ miles from Tinzin in Kabaw valley ; is 45 miles north of Tiddim and 77 miles south of Manipur ; water at village in nullah on east of village. Half a mile north of village on the Manipur road is the remains of a post which was used by us in 1892 as an advanced post during the march to Manipur from Tiddim. Village disarmed, partly stockaded; people squalid and village filthy.
dbjGoogle
Serial Na Name of village. No. of Situation.
Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 44 Lontuk ... lO North-east of Tunian. From Tiddim to Tunian Route No. 6, and thence to Lontuk by Chin path in 8 miies. Vum Tuen.
^< ma ri*. People Yos, subordinate to flowchinkup. Village lies S miles east of Tunzan, is an offshoot of Faitu ; village disarmed. Water scarce in holes at village.
Serial Ho. Name of village.
No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 45 Lopa 28 Twenty-two miles east of Tunian and 20 miles west of Yazagyo. See Route No. 5 for route from Tunzan to Yazagyo and Route No. 6 for route from Tiddim to Tunzan. Vumkai.
Remarks. People Yos, subordinate to Howchinkup. Elevation a,ooo feci.
Village 5^600 feet above the Tuilai river; village 10 miles west of YazaKyo. Route from Tiddim to Tunzan, thence through Paitu, thence to a seLtlement called K'anzan, crosses Tang range and descends through heavy jungle to Lopa j village disarmed; people grow nee and talk Burmese ; a poor unimportant village. Water at village in two streams at north and south of village. People originally migrated from Kwungnung near Tiddim to Lumyang, thence to Lopa.
Name of resident Chief. I 9 3 4 5 6 46 Losow ... 37
Six miles southwest of Tiddim, south of l.amyan and north of Saiyan. From Tiddim 3i miles along Dim lo road, then sharp west by Chin path and descend lo village in ai miles. Shim Kam.
Remarks. Inhabitants Kanhows under Howchinkup; people originally Soktes of Molbem, who migrated to Losow and then split up, half remaining and half crossing into Nwengal tract to Shelpe village. Village was destroyed in 1889 and disarmed in 1893, âter-supply sufficient in stream which runs through the village. People have recently forsaken village for Tunyang, a settlement in the Nwergal tract ; they are ordered to return to Losow as we cannot let people move away from our headquarters.
dbjGoogle
Serial Na Name of village. No. of houses. Situatioa Communications. Name of resident Chief. I
2 3 4 5 6 47 Lumtang ... 3 North-east of Tiddlro. Road [I miles north and somewhat east through Twelmuto Numnai, thence east to village. Bnda
Pemarks.Yos,v/ho have migrated from Numnai villêrecently. Road from Tiddim to Twelmu, thence to Numnai, ttience east cross the Tang range to village. Village disarmed. Water from holes i no stream. Village under Howînkupi village about 14 miles from Numnai.
Name of resident Chief. I 9 3 4 5 6 48 Lumzan or Kakpi. 3 North of Tiddim. From Tiddim to Twelmu, Numnai to Lumzan. Tanglyin.
Semarks.-^Voa, under Howchinkup ; village lies between Kunal and Safzang. Water brought into village by leads from stream above village. Disarmed.
Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. a 3 4 5 6 49 Nginnon ... 30 East of Tiddim in pl^n view from post. Drop down the spur to the Valin stream and rise to village in 3i miles from post. Twelsun.
;;<f>uirjb. People Kanhows. When Tiddim was burnt by us in 1889 Kochim, the Chief of the Kanhows and youngest son of the Chief Kanhow, moved here and founded a village, his immedialefollowing settlingdownunder him. Kochim died on the ist September 1890 ; he had no issue ; his brother's son Howchinkup succeeded him as Chief of the Kanhow clan. Village disarmed ; water from springs in village.
3, Google
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Communications. Name of resident Chief. ' 3 3 4 5 6 SO Nora ... 3 Threeîuarters of a mile west of Tiddim on road to the Norn ford of Manipur
Chin path from Tiddim leading down the hill west. Young.
Rema rki.-~Kanhov/s j people have mijfrated to Tongshiel village in Nwengal countcy. Water at village. Disarmed. Under Howchinkup.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 2 3 4 5 6 51 Nwnnai ...
30 Eleven miles north and somewhat east of I'iddim. Chin path to Twelmu, 9 miles, thence to Numnai, 3 miles. Tung Chin.
Stmarki. People are Vos, under Howchinkup. Village 11 miles north-east of Tiddim on the Yalui stream ; village founded by Sum Tung, who moved from Haidwoi. Water plentiful and camping-grounds near village. Disarmed.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief, t 3 4. 5
6 53 Paitu or Fwtu. 20 East of Tunlan on the T u n z a nLopa-Yaiagyoroad. Set Route No. 6 as far as Tunzan. Sie Route No. 5 (or Tunian to Paitu. Twungzalytn.
J/tmarks People Vos ; migrated from Vanglai
inder Yalin, present head-
and a good camp and lots of vi
nile to east of village. Village divirmed.
dbjGoogle
GAZETTEER OF VtLLAGES.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of
houses. Situation. Communications. Name of readent Chief. 1 ' 4 4 5 6 53 Puntong ... 3 Between Tung Tuung anl Salzang viliage. Route No. 6 to Tunian is easiest o( several toutes. Suntut.
Remarks. People Yos, subordinate to Howchinkup. Village 3 miles south of Tunzan; formerly large village, but villagers ha\-e migrated to Twidam and other villages in the Kuki country south of Manipur plain. Water brought into village by bamboo leads ; camping-ground above village at springs.
Serial No. Name of villê. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. . 3 4 5 6 54
,0 East of old Sinnum and 8 miles south of Unacot. Set Route No. 6 Lumhil.
Rtnaris. On the left bank of a source of the Tuilum stream. Village visible
from road between Lenacot and Sinnum. People Yos and Thados, migrated from Saiiang 13 years ago. Water is brought into village by leads; stream about a miles below the village. Village disarmed. The road from Sinnum to Kwunkum is strongly stockaded; also a stout palisade surrounds each house.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief, , 2 3 4 5 6 3S Salzang ... 30 South-east of Tutwan. Route No. 6 to Tunzan
and (hence vid Puntong to village. Yankolyin,
Remarks People Yos and Kanhows subordinate to Howchinkup. These Yos belong to the Manlun family, which is the chief family of that tribe ; people are related to the YosofTunzan and Tanvum villages in the Manipur jurisdiction. Village is on the Via^chin stream 8 miles south east of Tunzan. Is disarmed. Village can be reached by a villageto-village route vid Twelmu, Numnai, Haimwel, and Lumzan loSaliang. Water brought into village by leads and abundant,
dbjGoogle
Serial Na Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 4
5 6 56 Sarak or Harak.
Village ties south of Leracot and between Lenacot and Kwunlcum (Lumhtl'svil' lage). Route No. 6 to Lenacot... Nujian.
Jtemarkt. People Thados, subordinate to Howchinkup. Village disanned. Water scarce from water holes. People moved to present site from Kwesang near Mwelpi. Village is seen to the south from Lenacot 5 miles ofi. Village disarmed.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I
3 3 4 5 6 57 Shielmong 4 Twenty-three miles'from Tiddim and east of the Tiddim-Lenacot road. Sn Route No. 6 None.
Rtmarii. Village must not be confounded with Lenacot which is also called Shiclmonp. This village is composed of three families who have returned from Lenacot and rebuilton the original site on the north or right bank oftheTui Song, 35 miles from Tiddim. The Tui Soi% is crossed at the a3rd mite from Tiddim on the Lenacot road. Village is in plain view from the road before it descends to the Tui Song stream. Inhabitants Yoa, uitder Howchinkup ; disarmed. Water in a small stream at village.
houses. Situation. Communicalioos. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 S 6 58 TalMn ... .0 East of Mwelpi. Set Route No. 6 Tanglet
Remarks. Ptop\e Yos, subordinate to Howchinkup. Village close to Mwelpi. Water scarce, from holes. Village disarmed. From Mwelpi road runs north-east, crosses the Shimol stream, and ascends to Taizan in 8 miies.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 59 Tunzan ... ,0, North of Tiddim.iSmiles. See Route No. 6 and oule No. 3. Howchinkup.
Remarks. The capital of the Kanhow clan ; lies or the western slope of Tang at an elevation of 3,363 feet. Loisof water in various streams; good camp below village near burial-ground ; another good camp is some 500 yards north-west of village on the Manipur road, where we had a temporary post in 1892. Village is now increasing in siie and should be encouraged as it is important that Howchinkup should have a following and that his position should be strengthened as Chief of the clan. For this reason Tunzan is only partiallv disarmed, whilst the other Kanhow villages are practically disarmed. For Howchinkup 5 history iee chapter on Sokte tribe. The account of the fight at Tunzan and the capture of Howchinkup is shuwn in the chapter dealing with the e\'ents of 1890-gi. Howchinkup has done excellent work and deserves very well of us. Village lies on the road to Lenacoi and Manipur .
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses: Situation. Communicatwna. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5
6 60 Twelmu ... 8 North-east of Tiddim. Chin path from Tidditn 9 miles.
^(uwrtj. People Yos, subordinate to Howchinkup. They moved here from Bumian. Two good streams of water and camping-ground. Village dose to Numnai. Village diarroed Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 .4 5
6 61 Twitum ... 30 North of Tiddim and TunChin path from Tunxan (Route No. 6 to Tunzan). Lyindal
Rtnnarks. People Dimsi subordinate to Howchinkup: originally lived in Dimlo and moved to present site from Lailo. Village lies a miles from Tunzan on good road. Armtung, headman of Mwial, is Lyindai's uncle. Vil!age disarmed. Water sufficient in holes in nullah east of village.
dbyGoogle
GAZlSTreBR OF VILLAGES.
I 3 3 4 5 6 63 TungTuutig 35 On east of road toTunzan from Tlddim li miles from former. Routes Nos. a and 6 ... Put Vum.
Rtmarkt. People Kanhows, subordinate to Howchinkup. Village is an offshoot of Tunzan, the people moving here after the attack on Tunzan in iSgi. Village lies on east side of road from Tiddim to Tunzan i^ miles from Tunzan, The village is placed on the top of a very steep khud : is not visible from the road, though its position is betrayed oy the pains leading to it from the cultivations which surround the main road. Village should be attacked from any side except the one facing the TiddimTunzan road. Village disarmed ; not stockaded. Water at village.
No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief, I 3 3 4 5 6 3 Vanglai ... 7 East and a little north of Tiddim. Chin path leading east and a little north from rifle-range. None.
Aonarb. People Kanhows i disarmed; 4 miles from TiddJm alotig Chin path. Water in stream at villê. Subordinate to Howchinkup.
Serial No.
Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 64 Wallawun 14 East of Tid. dim post, 7 miles. By Chin path through Nginnon village. Pow Pum
iitarfa.~ People are Kanhows subordinate lê destroyed in 1889, and people then rebuilt 7 miles by Chin path. Cultivations visible from the post,
which is m plwn view from post. People are called Walte.
lowchinkup ; village disarmed. Vilformer site. Village east of Tiddim, " Village is close to Nginnon,
dbyGoogle
Gaeetteer of villages in the Central Chin Hills.
Tribe. Villages. Houses. Population. Tashons Yahows Whenohs 74 38 5.543t.ioo 600 S7.765 8,50. 3,000 Total 132
7-843 39.315
Tashon or Skunkla villages.
Balloi. Laiya Saimon. Bwelkwa. Lati. Samyawl. Bwelmin. Libwel. Saungtc Uihai(i). Lotsum. Shimpi. Falam. Lumban. Shumyawl. Shimlii. Haimwel. Lowsow. Haitarr.
Luntfe. Shunkla. Hlomwej. Lunbun. Sit&ai. Hmunli. Lunhraw. Simsing. Hnartoor. Lyenbai. Som Hrang. Hrangcheng. Lyenhri, Song Heng. Hrangnurg. Hrangsum. Khol^. Lyetitfe. Minkin. Songkwa. Songtho. MinlMaung. Tawk. Khoppwel.
Mongsum. Tawyan. Klangrong. Moran. Thikwel. Kohlun. Ngan Vawl. Tloortang. Koval. Ngaymm. Tang Hlurun Kullyam Norn wet. Tuntui. Kumhinun. Paiyaul. Tweyat. ITS: Parrta (i). Van vim. Balon.
Yaltu. Kwangdon. Reshen. Vamwi. Kwungli. Rimbu. Yangti. Kyingyam. Runiklao. Yonmwel.
dbjGoogle
GAZETTEER OP VILLAGZ3.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of bouses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chif I
3 3 4 5 6 65 Balloi SO Sixteen miles fromLomban vid Uti mad Bwelkwa. Chin path kadir^ north from Lomban. LenBU.
the 1890 Fort White-Falara route. Water-supply at village good.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. SitMadoR. Communications. Name of resident Chief.
I t 3 4 5 6 66 Bwelkwa ... 100 On the left bank Of the Manipur river. Vii Umban, thence north, west to Lati (4 miles), thence 3i miles north. ArKop.
Fort White to FaJatn.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Station, Communications.
Name of residert Chief. t 3 3 4 5 6 7 Bwelmin ... 40 Twelve miles north-wMt of Kwungli. Via Kwongli and Kunlhmum. Kan Sin.
Rtmarki.A Shnkla villtê, tributary to Falam. Water very scaice near villagai
Communicationi. Name of resident Chief. 1 9 3 4 5 6 68 DHun ... 140 On top of a &"S"ill Klairon stream and on west of it about i| miles Enx^ stream. Vid Shtinkla. Reshen, distance 35 miles from Falam (c*f Route No. IS). KlanMwig;
[Village subordinate and pays tribute to Falank] i?Mdrb. The villue is about 9 miles north-west (more or itas) from Kwungli and the road is steep and bad in places. After crossing the Klairon stream the ascent is steep
dbyGoogle
XXXIT. GAZETTEER DF VILLAGES. There is a good camping-ground and water is plentiful (in December) below the village. It would probably be b^ to ascend the hill to the south to attack the village. There is a track from the south about level with the top of the village. The road from Kwungii affords cover for ambushing, so apparently does the upper road on the south or south-east. The village is intersected with fences and hedges and is more or less surrounded with the Jiedge. To reach the village in two days it would be best to camp at Kwungii,
Serial No. Name of viltage. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. t 3 3 4 5 6 69
Falam ... 500 In valley on side of hill about a,ooo feet above and on south of Manipur river. By Falam-Fort White The Falam Council.
Rtmaris. Falam is the chief and dominant village, as well as the largest in the Falam jurisdiction It rules all the other villages, namely, those of the Vahows, Whenohs, Norn, Tawyan, Minltdaung, Kweshin, Kwungii, Rumklao^ Minkin, and Laiyo. It lies about north-east of Falam post on the noith ade of the hill and is about 5 miles distant. For information rârding the council, tribal government, &C., stt the chapter dealing with the Tashons.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situatiot). Côm municat J ons. Name of resident Chief. I
3 3 4 5 6 70 Haimwel ... 33 Between Tuntuiand Tweyat. FM Saungti and Tuntui (<M Route .) Son Fault.
on the right and visible from the road from Tuntui to Tweyat. No good camping-grout and only a little water near village. One mile below villsê there is good water m stream and camping-ground.
Serial No. vilU^ No. of houses. Situation.
1 3 3 4 5 6 7> Hutarr ... 14 About 3 miles east of Kohlun and on right bank of Manipur river. Vid Tweyat and Saungti NomTai^.
gtmarks.A Kweshin village, pays tribute to both Falam and Haka. LJttle water X village in a smaH stream.
dbyGoogle
No. of houses. Situation. Comtnunicati^sL Name of resident Chiet t 3 3 4 5 6 7a Hlomwel ... 60 On side of hill on south and west of Manipur river. Ki4ShunklaandReshen, distance ta miles (m# Route No. 16). Lyen Lun^.
Remarks. Village subordinate and pays tribute to Falam. This Is rather a difficult village to attack on account of the steep road to it and the jungle which surrounds it. Probably the best way to attack it would be along the road. The road from Reshen is f^lv good. The village is intersected with hedges and fences. It is within an ease
day s march of Falam. There b a good camping-ground with plenty of water on the north-west of the village.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of reoident Chief I a 3 4 5 6 73 HmunK ... 150 Four miles north of suspenon bridge Via suspenôn bridge Shirica.
Remarh.A Shunkla villê, tributary to Falam. It can be seen from the FalamFort White road, near Falam village. Very little water at village in holes. Serial NoL Name of village, Naof houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 7* HmuloTT . 17 About 10 miles east of Hnartorr. Vi& Hmunli and HnartOTT.
ArtKo. Rtmarlit.~K Kweîn village^ pays tribute to Falam. Plenty of water in stream near viHage. Serial No. Name of village. No. (J houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief t 1 3 4 5 6 75 Hrangcheng 60 Seven miles westofDih^. F^KwungliandDihai...
KarrSong.
^fffMrjb. Shunkla^ tributary to Falsm, Water ireiy scarce near villaee About a miles from and south dt Sepi.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of rtlag,. No. of houses. Situation. Communications Name at resident Chief, ' 3 4 S 6 J6 Hrangnung
20 About 4 miles north-west of Ruroklao. Vii Ktangrong and Rumklao. Min Tung.
Ilmmarki.A Rumklao village, does not f^ tribute to Palam.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 3 4 5 6 77
Hrai^sum... 5o North-east erf Kwungli (Soo yards d i sUnce. Via Kwunî {See Route No. 15). Shyen Lyen.
Remarla.A Shunkla village, an offshoot of Kwungli. which is qiute dose. Pavs irittute to Falanu Water broieht into villê by leads. ''
Name of resident Chief. 1 2 3 4 5 6
28 Khotai ... i8 On Mde of hill 3 miles north oiLonban and a little below the Falam-Fort White ixd. Falam-Foft White road. distant* ti miles from Falam. Lyenpa.
Sentarki. A mixed Hlwinsfe and Tom village which pays tribute to Palam. It is a small village and is visible from the road. There is an excellent campingnvund on the north-west of the village, where the old post used to b. Thete la plenty (3 water in vaii-
,y Google
GAZBTTEKR OF VILLAGES.
Khoppvel.
CommunicatioRs.
Via Bowtsun or Molbera
tank -rf the 'm.p JLr, d m.6 SSf^'tSi, .JiVfc^''R5L'^'''
Nama ot
KUngrong
Low down valley, small stream, with a semicircle of hills bdiind (and on wesl> of village.
fii Mtnkin post, or (Brect along Falam-Haka road, branching to west about & miles from post, 16 miles. 5m Route No. '5-
RaHnin.
_ JPr*. A Kweshin village
...^^nij;^.'Ks^teîs-^sii^/2:s^-s-^
dbjGoogle
XtXViii. GAZETTEER OF VILLAGES. as the road {rom Falam post commands it. There is a veiy good cam ping-ground with sufficient water on the east of the village. This village is on the other side of the hJU from Ralon and Tawk, and about 5 miles from the latter. There is a good deal of thick jungle on both sides and above the village. If going there in two days, camp cm the Falam-Tweyat (ford) road. It is scarcely possible toreadi the vill^;e in a day. There is a road also vid Tuntwi (Tuntui) village
Serial No.
Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. t 3 3 4 5 6 8a Koval ... 38 About 3 miles TottUi^, Vid Sonkwa and Norrtang. Bisi.
Rtmarkt. A Kweshin village, tributary to Falam. Plenty of water ti hundred yards below village.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of ident Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 83 Kullyam ... 50 South and quite close to Lati (Soo yards F). Via Parrte (Lomban) ... Shin Sun.
Rtmarks. Shunktas, tributary to Falam. Water very scarce m hot weather near village.
Name of rewdent Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 84 Kumhmun as Six miles north-west of KwungU. riMKwui^li. A Route No. IS Tan Saw.
ffamrib: Shuidtlaa, tributary to Falam. A little water in spring near villê.
Name of . resident Chief. t a 3 4 5 6 85 Kumying ... 15 Six miles ncnlh of Yaltu. Via Hmunli and Yaltu... Hrintut.
XfMarib. Shunklas, tributary to Falam. Plenty <rf water about i mile from the south ol village.
dbyGoogle
GAZBTTEER OP VILIJlGES.
Serial No. Name c^ village. No. of honses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 86 KwarJatror Kodak. 50
North of Saimon, and lo miles distBnt. Vii Salmon. Sti Route N0.IO. Pan Tin.
S*marh.-~A Shunkla village, tributary to Falam. Plenty of water in a stream below the village^
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resklent Chief. I 9 3 4 5 6 87 Kwangdon
IS Two miles south-east of Hnaitorr. ViS Manipur river suspensten bridge. Songkwa and Hnarrtorr. NoiShin.
Remarks, A Kweshin village, tributary to Falam ; related to the Minlidaung villagen. Plenty of water in a small stream or spring near villaga
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief_ 1 3 3 4 5 6
88 Kwungli ... 2SP Partly in valley and partly on spur above on hills running down to the Manipur river. Vid Shunkla, Reshen and No. 15. Distance 16 miles. Tung Kal.
ffnui rib. Village subordinate and pays tribute to Falam. This village js dividal into two parts. It is intersected with fences and hedges. The village is first seen on rounding a knoll about Soo yards distant. The road from Hlomwel is very bad in parts being steep and rocky where crossing nullahs. There is plenty of water on the road. There is not much water near the village and there is an otherwise excellent campingground on the south-east. Water is here obtained from the Chin troughs. The village B within a day's march of Falam post. Kwui^li was originally an independent village of Yahow origin. The Noms look on Kwungli as their head.
dbyGoogle
CAZETTEER OF VILLAGES.
Nq. of houses.
Name of resident Chief. 1 a 3 4 5 6 89 KymgYam About 4 nilei north of Dthai. ViA Kangli and Dihat. Sf Route No. IS to KwungU,* Hr^ngîn teao.
^Miwij. Shunklas, tributary to Falam. A very snail a of water near the village^
n or aprins with plenty
Serial
No. Name of viUaKe. No. of houses. Sttaation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. t 3 3 4 5 6 90 Uiyo ... 300 Onsodh-west of Falam post on the sam hill and about :.aoo feet lower. On Falam-Haka road dutant 3 miles. Kip Byan.
Remaris. A mixed vilU^ rf Hlunseos and Shnnklaa. Pays tribute to Falam. This ii a group consisting of six villages, namelj>, Laiyo, Baita, and TannyN; (3) Ripmwd and Hmunpi or Kairon. The latter village is On the south of the Laiyo stream and the othen on the north. The villages are die together in a long line nearly east and west. There is plenty of water along the road in the L^yo valley and a good camping-ground io the west of the village. Burmans bav? been in the habit of living in this village. The Chief and a number erf others know the Burmese language^ some morci some less.
Serial No. Name of village No. of houaa. Situation. Communicationt. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 9' Uii orVati.
80 On left bank ofManipur river. FtdLomban, 18 miles. Thencein4>iiileatovUlage 1^ Chin track. Lyen Soung.
XMMrib. The villôs are Tashons, commonly called Noni^ and are subordinue to Fidam. Good water-supply. Village in two jmrit, one above the other, and lies in a entrant. Campingôund good. Village is 4 miles from Loraban, on the road from Fort White to Fiaam 4Med in 189a It pays tribute to Falasi.
dbyGoogle
GAZETTEER OF VrLLAGES.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name ol resident Chief. 1 a 3
4 5 6 92 L i b w e 1, Hmunpi. . North of Lornban and south of Sagyilain. Vid Lomban, Lati, Bwelkwa, and Balloi, 2o miles from Lomban. Set route. yaul-shiU
Remarks. Tashons, commonly called Norns. They are tributary to Falaro. The village is on the 1S90 route from Fort White to Falam. It is in plain view from Sagyilain range, lying on the opposite side of the khud to Shinshi. Th^ were deprived of some guna in 1893. Water at village good.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications.
Name of resident ChiH. 3 3 4 5 6 93 Lotsum ... 35 Two miles north of Hmunii. rW Hmunii NonLycm.
Remarks, A Shunkla village, tributary to Falam. Water scarce near village.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communicationfl.
Name of resident Chief. I " 3 4 5 6 94 Lomban ... 80 On side rf hill on FalamFort White road, about \ mile north of Parrte. Falam-Fort White road, distant 19 miles. Van Oung.
Rtwiarki. This is also a mixed Hlunseo and Torr village. It pays tribute to Falam. The Chief is an old man, who speaks Burmese very well. This village is one of the mail stages. Siyin coolies from Fort White do not ordinarily come on further and loads are changed here. There are camping-grounds by this village and water is sufficient. The village is on a steep slope. It has the usual internal fences and hedges. A long march from Falam. /
dbjGoogle
GAZETTBER OF VILLAGES.
Serial No. Namerf village. No, of houses. Sftuation.
Name of resident Chief. t a 3 4 5 6 95 Low-sow ... 80 Two miles west o[ DihBi. PiVi Kwangli and Dihai.
St* Route No. 15. Kwa Bik.
Stmarks.A Shunkia villê, tributary to Falam. Plenty of water in a stream about 800 yards below village.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Comtnmnications. Name of resident Chief I 2 3 A 5 6 96 Lumte or Lungt^ 40 Four miles
north-east of Vanyim. Vid Hmunli and Vanyim. Kwa Tim.
Rtmarks. Torr village, related to Torryan (Tawyan) village and tributary to Falam. Plenty of water in small stream or spring near village.
Serial Na Name of village. Naof houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief 1 2 3 4 5 6 97 Limbum ...
as Four miles west of Shimval and 6 from Parrtfe (not Yahow villages of same names). Vid Parrti and Shimyal Bwi Lwt.
Name of rerfdcnt Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 98
Lun Hraw... 35 Four miles north of KholaL ViA Lomban and Kholai Hlwin S.
Rtmarhs. A Shunkia. village, related to Lomban and tributary to Falam. Plenty of water in stream a mile below village, but scarce near it.
dbjGoogle
Serial No. Namerf village. No. of houses. Situation. Comniunicatlons. Name of resklent Chief. I 3 3
4 5 6 99 Lyenhai ... 37 In a. valley on hills north of Po* river and southsouth-east of Minkin. Via Minkin and Thikwel; distant 3o miles. Sm Route No. i6. Naw Mon.
Rtmarki. This is a Kweshin villag-e and It pays tribute to both Falam and Haka. The village is not fenced and is in a hollow. The road drops down into thevillage and there is a good deal of jungle close to it. There is a ffood camping-ground with a small BLream of water on the north of the villaKC It can be reached in one day from Falam, but in this case it would be best to avoid going through the post, and to strike off to the east and south by a Chin track from the top of the Minkin saddle, and to go through or by the latter village. This would shorten the march by 3 miles.
Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 S 6 100 LjenHri... .00 (P) Four miles BO'Jth of Song' kwa. VU Hmunli and Songkwa. SangKup.
R*wMrkt.K Shunkia village, tributary to Palam. Very thtle water at or near nllage;
No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 4 5 6
Lyenta ... soo In a nullah running east and west into another running north and south and down to Manipur river and on south of (i) FiiSaungte and Nganyawl, 17 miles. (a) Via Laiyo and Nganyawl, 20 miles. Se* Route No. t6. Kyi Mon.
Rtmarks. A Shunkia village, payi no tribute to Falam, but subordinate to it This
villê is in three parts, of 150, 40, and 10 houses, all close together. The main village
dbyGoogle
xlir.
is in a nuilah with steep sides on about the south-east of the other two, one of which is straight above the other. The smaller is the lower and the road runs between these two. The main village has practically no hedge on the north side where the road comes. There is a watercourse through the main village with a number of large bamboos in it. It is deep and would afford shelter to the people if running away. Above on the west is thick jungle. From the spur on the side of the nullah the road commands the villages. There is a ôod carnping -ground on a fairsized stream about } to i mile south-southeast of the village. One march from Falatn post.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. a 3
4 5 6 102 Minkin ... 25 Due south of Halam post, in a larg valley on hill on north of Pao river. On Falam-Haka road, distant 11 miles. Alnam.
Rtmaris.Hinnseo village. This is a large straggling village. The people are related to the Yahows. Thev pay tribute to Falam. The village lies about north~east of tlie Minkin camp and about i^ miles from it. It is situated in a large fertile valley with plenty of water in it. There are numerous good camping-grounds in this valley. The village itself is more or less completely surrounded with a thick hedge and it has the usual internal hedges and fences. Tbet is a fair track from the Minkin camp to the village.
Serial No, Name of village. No. of houses.
Situation. Communications. Name of readent Chief. > 3 3 4 5 6 I03 MinlHaung 104 On hill on west of Kale valley and nearest to it and lo miles west of Sihaung village. Via Hmunl), Tlorrtang and Moran. .S' Route No. 17. Tfc Lyen.
Remarks. M'lnlkdâng consists of a group of six villês, Lunpi, Hailui, Khuplen Talon, Tiddi, and Hairon, a short distance apart from each other. The villagers are Kweshins and emigrated from the Kweshin country many years ago, at the invitation of the Kale Sawbwa and of Falam. Thev are hereditarv enemies of the Hakas. They pay a small tribute to Falam, The people are very much smaller than other
Chins and many speak Burmese,
dbjGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 104 Mongsum... 13
Four miles soutii of Kwan g d o n and east of Falam. Via Hmunli and Tlorrtang. Nun Kl(t.
!itmarks.A Kweshin villa a stream about i mile on nort ^, pays tribute to Falam. A little water near village and Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of readent Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 "5
Moran ... 40 Four miles east of Koval. Via Hmunli and Koval. Ste Route No. 17. Kim Rul.
Semarks. A Shunkla village, pays tribute to Falam. A stream not far from inllage Ml the road on west ; bad camping-ground ; good water-supply above village.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. a 3 4 5 6
106 Ngan Yawl 80 On north slope of hills on south of Manipur river above where the Laiyo stream joins it. (OFi'iISaungti, 13 miles. (2) I'fd Laiyo, 16 (P) miles. See Route No. 16. Kwa Tung.
Rgmarks. This is a Shunkla village Falam, but is subordinate to it. This through narrow lanes with thick jungle internal hedges and fences. Water is camping-ground, it is of very little t
an easy march from Falaro post to the south-east.
nd is related to Lyentft; it pays no tribute to 'illage has a very nasty approach from the west n each side. It has a hedge round it and also carce and, thoueh there is otherwise fairly good for this reason (season, March). The village is
Cômmu nicat ions. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 107 NgaYam... 15 Two miles south of Sonkwa. K><I Hmunli and Sonkwa LenKarr.
dbjGoogle
Serial No, Name of village.'
>fo. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of readent Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 io8 Nomwel or Bwen. 30 About 18 miles north of Lornban on left bank of river. Chin path from Lomban through Lati, Bwelkwa, and Balloi villages. Tok Hlyen.
Remarks. People are Tashons, commonly called Norns. They are tributary to Fatam The village lies a | of a mile to the left of the road from Lomban to Shinshi. The water and camping-ground good.
Name of re^dent Chief, 1 9 3 4 5 6 109 Paiyaul or Phaiyaul. 45 North of Lomban on left bank of Manipur nver. From Lomban to Bwelkwa and ih'-nce to Paiyaul, 4 miles. Soung Kan.
Serial No. Name of vUlage. No. of Situation.
Name of resident Chief. . 2 3 . 4 5 6 no Parrtfc ... 40 Onhill on north of Manipur river above junction with Lo m ban stream. On the Government road. Falam-Fort White road, distant iS miles.
Lyen Tin.
Remarks.. A mixed Hlunseo and Torr village, pays heavy tribute to Falatn. The road passes through the middle of this village, which lies on the side oS a hill. It lies to the north of Falam post. There is a small stream of water on the south of and not veiy '" - ' ' ' ' '- n very good for camping. It is within one march
dbjGoogle
Gazetteer op villages.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situatioa
Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 III
Ralon or Ratawn. " [n a valley on hills north of Pao river, near its junction with the Nanpathi river. Via Minkin. Thikwel, Lyenhai, Yonmwel. and Shimpi. distant 30 miles. .?M Route No. 41. Naw Mon.
. . , . . The , , ^ t north and" south. About 1^ miles from the village the road divides, one going almost level round the spur to the village and the other crossing the spur h gher up, descends into the village through the place where the post used to be. The first road turns round and almost doubles back at a few hundred yards distance and enters the south village, which has a nasty entrance and on either side of the gate a concealed drop of about 5 feet. The villages are both hedged and the entrances difficult. There is a gooil camping-ground with plenty of uater between but rather higher than the vitlag-es. If going in two days, camp at Lyenhai. If Wii Government ro^, caitip above Kairon and reach village second day.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 112 Reshen ... 160 On spur runnil^ down to river and on south bank. Via Shunkala, No. 15, 8 rr Falani post. M Route iles from Tun Mung.
Remarks. Tashon tillage, subordinate, and pays tribute to Falam. Reshen is a large and prosperous village, about 8 miles from Falam post. It is reached' by a Chin track. Probably the best way to attack this village would be to go along the ridge of the hills above, and drop down on to it. It is commanded by the hill. There is an excellent camping-ground near a stream which is close to the village and on the east of
it. The approach from the stream to the village is steep and difficult though sh<Ht. The village has a hedge or fence round it and it is intersected with fences.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 "3 RuJbu ... IS Ten miles west of Rumklao. Km Rumklao. i'M Route No. 13.
Ton Kwe.
Jfemnris. An offshoot of Rumklao village ; does not pay tribute to Falam. Water ii Stream on the north.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of villaga No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of Ksident Chief. 1 a 3 4 5 6 114 Rumklao ...
On north side .of R u m Ic 1 3 n hill and south of most southern source of Pow river. Inthree parts in valleys. Via Minkin post and Klangrong or vid KUngrongonly. Distant 23 miles. See Route No. 15. Tierr ByiU
ftuMrii. Mixed Hlunseo and Yahows. This village is of the Yahow family and is practically independent. It pays a nominal tribute to Falam, which has very little control over it. The village is in three parts, the highest backed by a very steep, unclimbable hill. It lies south-west of Minkin post and about la miles from it. There is a good camping- ground with plenty of water in a small stream on the north of the centre village. There are also good grounds on the siream which is the most southern source of Uie t'ao river, distant about it miles from the village. The road from Klangrong is very bad, steep and narrow in parts, but good near the village, which can best be attacked from along the road.
Serial No. Name of village. No- of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of
resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 115 Salmon ... 80 Four miles north, northeast of Bowtsun (Botung.) Sm Route No. 9 ... Hupliem.
J?#i?rnrft*. People Norns, tributarT^ to Falam. Villagers are emigrants from the Nom villages of Lebwel, Nomwel, and Shinsh<, who crossed to the right bank of the river 33 years ago on account of scarcity of land on the left bank. The village was disarmed in 189a and 1893 and was punishd for refusing to supply coolies in i)i, 18 houses being
houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 116 Samyaul ... 20 Near Khoppwel on right bank of Manipuf river. See Route No. 9 ... Parr Peing.
Jêmuris. People Norns, they are tributary to Falam. The villagers are related to the Tashons of Nomwel, Tunwel (Tinyawl P), and Shinshu The village is quite close to Khoppwel.
dbjGoogle
Serial Na. Name of village. No. dE houses. Situation. Communications. Nameot resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 117 Saungti ... 130 Two and a half miles east f Fa lam post and lower down. By Chin ttaek. Sti Route No. 16
Lyen Mon.
ôtortt. Saungteconsistsof agroup of three villages, Rarene, KhotaiT, and Kwang^ pun, the two former touching' each other and the latter about 1 mile to the north-east and above. They are Tashons proper, being the same as the people who inhabit Falam. There is a good water-supply, which is brought in troughs for about ] of a mile from the west of the village. The village is in the same valley as Falam post-
Serial No. Name of village. No. of house*. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 S 6 118 Shimpi ... 30
Invallevonsouth slope of hills north of Pao river and i mile east oE Y nmwel. Vii Minkin, Thikwel, Lyenhai, and Y nmwel; distant 36 miles. St* Route No. 16. NaHli.
Rtmarkt. A Kweihin village, which pays tribute to both Haka and Falam. It is sometimes called Kweshinkalay, but is not generally known by that name. The village is partially fenced and the entrance from the west is rather nasty and difliculL The road drops Aiwn into the village. There is no good camping-ground near the village. SufiSdent water obtainable. If going in two days, go wd Minkin village, turning east from the saddle and camp at Thikwel.
Serial No. Name<i village. NaoE houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 1 3 4
5 6 119 Shimyawl... 38 Two miles west of Lunbum. Va Pamfc and Kullyam. Song Kup. Remarks. A Shunkia village, pays tribute to Palam. Plenty of water in a stream I mile west and below village. Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4
5 6 tao Shinshi ... 95 Twenty-four miles north of Lomban village SouthofSagyilainby good path from Fort White. SwRoute No. g to Sagyiiain. Tw6 Hmin.
i!*iori*. People Tashons, commonly called Norns. and nre tribuUry to Falam. Shinshi is often spoken of by the Burmans as Shinshingaywa, as there nre five viilagea
dbyGoogle
GAZETTEER OF VILLAGES. . i, Yawlu, and Shielahi. These villages were two-thirds disarmed in*l893.' Tlie villages arc but two hours' march from Sagyilain and lie on the route taken in 1890 from Fort White to Falam, Excellent water>supplies and campingground below the main village.
Serial Na Name of village. No. of houses.
Situation. Communications. Name of reside ntC hie I a 3 4 5 6 131 ShunkU ... aoo On side of hill running down totheManipur river and on south of it. By Chin track from north-west of Falam post, about 6 mites Erom Falam post. i'M Route No. 15. Klan Mung.
Rtmarhs. Tashon village, subordinate and pays tribute to Falam. This village could best be attacked by g^ng along the ridge of the hills and dropping on to it' from the west or south-wesL The village has many fences and hedges inside it. The abovementioned Chin track is steep and bad in places and affords cover for ambushing. There
is a good camping-ground ninth or north-west of the village, with plenty of water. There b water also at about the 4th mile.
Name of I 3 3 4 5 6 . Simsing ... iS South of Kole and north of Lomban. Chin path from Lomban village. Yong Sung.
Rimarks.A Shunkia village, tribuUry to Falam, la miles from Lotsum ; water in stream. Water brought into village in leads. Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation . Communications. Name of resident Chief. 3 3 4 5 6 133 Sitsai S Six miles west of Bwelmin. rt^Kwungii.' Stt Route No. 15. Naw Tin.
R0vtarks.~A ShunkIa village, pays tribute to Falam. Water s Village lies between Kwungli and Sepi.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. .Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 134 Son) Hrang... loo
At south end of a large nullah running down to the Manipur river. COFioSaungte.Ngan Yawl, and Lyenti, distant so miles. (1) Vid Laiyo, Nganyawl, and LyentS, 23 miles. Ste Route. 14 Tung.
Remarks. A Shunkia village and related to Lyenlft. Pays tribute to Falam, but is suborilinale to it. This village is about 1 miles south souih-east of Lyentfe and the track crosses a valley and a spur, running about level when j mile from the village. There Is a good camping-ground with sufficient water on the eastern side of the village in a grove of teak-trees. The approach from the north is easy, but from the east it is diflicult with a. steep descent and ascent to the village, which is fenced with a hedge. Village can be reached in a day from Falam post.
Serial Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of readent Chief. I "
3 4 5 6 1^5 Songheng ... ISO Two miles northwest of Falam post close to By Chin track Hli Hlyen.
Rtvtarks.A Shunkia village, closely related to Falam. It is on the north slope of hill on south of Manipur river and in plain view from the old Falam post.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communication, Name of resident Chief. I
3 3 4 5 6 12d Songkwa ... 80 On north-east of Falam post on opposite side of Manipur river and visible from the post. Vid Hmunli Mong Tirr.
Remarks. A Shunkia village and pajrs tribute to Falam. Plenty of water in stream on north-west and close to village. This village is in pidn view from Falatn post, looking over or near Kwangpun village.
dbyGoogIc-
No. of Situation. Communications. Name of I a 3 4 5 6 137 Songtho ,., !7 Six miles northwest o( Uihai. Via Kwungli and Dihai. Route No I.';Mung Taw,
Rtmarbs.X Shunkla village and pays tribute to Falam. Very little water t village in Chin troughs.
; Serial No. Name of viHage,
?:^1\ Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 9 3 4 S 6 laS Tawk or Troc SI On west side of spur running Aovrn to Pao river near its junction with the Narpathi and north-east of Ralon. Vi& Minkin, Lyenhai, Ralon. and intermediate villages, distant 33 miles. Stt Route No. 16. tJi Kar.
Rmarki.~h, Kweshin village which pays tribute to both Falam and Haka. The village is about 3 miles north-east of Ralon by road. There is a slight fence ronnd the village, but this would prove no obstacle tinless strengthened. There is no good campingground near the village and nert much water, though there is plenty of water
on the road from Ralon. H going in two days, camp at Lyenhai. Village lies on PalamHania mule track. Stt Route No. 41.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of housrs. Situation.
Name of re^dent Chief. I a 3 4 S 6 139 Tawyan ... 143 About 10 miles eastofTlorrtang. K.dHmuniiandTlorrtanB or Sm Route No. 17.
LonRho.
Afmnrb. Tawyan consists of a group of four villages, namely, Tawyan, Singyawt, Khitam and Khawtang. The people are Toirs and are related to the Torrs of Haka jurisdiction who live near Yokwa and Raw-van. They are tributary to Falam and are the most heavilv taxed of all their tributaries. Many of the people spc^k Burmese. They have a curious legend of their migration to their present village. The legend runs that many êars ago the Torrs of Rawvan, Yokwa, &c., who were a very powerful race, tried to build an immense tower of wood to reach and take the sun. After a time the tower had been made so big that some spirits, either from jealousy or fear, knocked away some of the lower beams while there were some people on the tower ; the people fell so far away that they were unable to find their way home, and so founded a village where they fell, i.a., at Tawyan. Set chaptec dealing with the Tashons.
dbyGoogle
GAZETTBER OF VILLAGES.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of ' resulent Chief. .
3 5 6 130 Thikwel ... 8 On side of hill north of Pao vailey southeast of Minkin. FtiMinkin post and vilIt^re, distant 16 miles. (Set Route 16.) NjeULyeng.
R*mark$.~-\ small unfenced village related to Shimpi ; it pays tribute to Falam. The road crosses a spur south-east of Minkin and descends into the village. The jungle 19 rather thick before reaching the village. There is a good camping-ground and sufficient water [March].
Situation. Communications, Name of resident Chief. ' 3 A 5 6 131 Tlorrtangor Twetten. 50 Four miles east of SongVid Hmunti and Songkwa, 15 miles east of FaUm. Kwahmon.
Reinarks.-~\ Shunkia village, pays tribute to Falam. The village is in two parts. Plenty of water in small stream near village with good camping-ground available. The village is undefended and is commanded Trom the east
Serial No. Name of
village No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 3 4 5 6 133 Tung Hlwung. ts Four miles north of YaltuVia Hmonli and Yaltu... Koom Sung.'
Rtmaria.-~K Shunkia village related to HmunU. Pays tribute to Falam. Water scarce at and near village.
I ov Google
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 33 Tunlui ... So [n valley on north slope of hills on south of Mar i pur river and east of Falam.
(i) Vi-<lSaungtfe (a) Vid Saungtfe, NganYawl and Lventfi. Distant (i) 17 miles and (2) 3+ miles. (Ste Route No. i6.) Mongshim.
Remarks.^-A Shunkia village and related to Lyentfe. Pays but little tribute to Falam but is subordinate to it. This village is in two parts, one on asinir above the other; this spur would make a good camping-ground, but there is very little room and water would have to be got from a Chin trough ; this is on the west of the main village. On the east is a goo.T stream with plenty ra water, but the ground is not suitable for camping. Village is within a Tong day's inarch from Falam. Entrance to village is easy on tnie west, but steep and difficult on the east.
Serial No, Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chirf. I 3 3
4 5 6 134 Tweyat ... '5 On spur on south of M a n t p nr river wfiich to Tweyat ford. Via Sagngtft aud near Tuntui. Distant 23 miles. Hie Mon.
Remarks. A Kweshin village and paya tribute to Falam and some of the families are under Haka influence. There is no good camping-ground and no water close to the village, but there are both in a valley distant one mile to the west. There is a weak fence round the village. The road from the above-mentioned valley is steep and difficult and rises 500 or 600 feet. It is possible, but difficult, to reach this village in a day's march from Falam.
Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 135 Vanyim ... 40 Two miles nortli-east of Songkwa. FiiJHmunli and Songkwa Yakwe.
Remarks. h Kweshin village, pays tribute to Falam, Very little water near village. Ues to the north of the Maiupur river and is best reached vid Hmunli. Set Route No.
dbyGoogle
Serial
No. Nnme of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 >56 Yaltu ... as Four tniles north - west ofHmunli. Via Hmunli in i6 mUes. mtyen.
Remarii.h Shunkla village, tributary to Falam. Plenty of water in a stream one mile below the village.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief, 1 3 3 4 5 6 "37 Yamwfc or Zamul. 150 Two miles north-west of Falam post on north slope of hills on right bank of M a n i p ur river and is dose to the old post.
Chin track leading over hill at back of the Falam post by l^r road, 2 NfiTung.
Rentarh.A Tashon village and closely related to Falam. It \a Song Hengand in full view from the old Falm post. They are Tashons Falam, Song Hen^, and Saungti, There is a fair water-supply led into wooden leads and there is plenty of good camping-gtvund. A road leads from best ford on the Manipur river.
adjacent to proper as are village by Yamw^ to the
CommunicationB. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 138
Yangti or Yantui. 30 Five anj a half miles west of Molbem village. Set Route No. 9 Lyim Kam.
Remarks. The villagers are Norns or Tashons are tributary to Falam. Tlie village was built 12 bank of the Manipur river 'and south of the Sokte-Nwengal fid' Molbem from Fort White. Water and camping*ground
and Sokles from Molbem. They vears ago and lies on the right villages. It should be visited available at village.
dbjGoogle
Serial No. Name of viiUge. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I
3 3 4. 5 6 139 Yonmwd... 47 On south slop* of hitis north of the Pao river and eastof Minkin. Kt4Minkin,Thikwe1,and Lyenhai. DisUnt 36 miles. Sm Route No. Kin Tw&.
Stmarks.A Kweshin village and pays tribute to Falam although some families are under Haka influence. It is about 6 miles east of Lyenhai and there is plenty of water on the road which crosses a spur and is steep and bad in parts. The village has a hedge round it and has the usual internal hedges and fences. There is not mucli water neartne village and no good cam ping- ground. It can be attacked from the Minkin road which rises up to the village. If going in two days, go viS Minkin village, leavmg the main road at the saddle before that village and turning east. Camp at Thikwel.
dbyGoogle
GAZBTTEER OP VILLAGES.
Yahow villages.
Bwdhn. Kwashun. ShUong. Bwelte. Kyangkan. Shimyawl (3) Bweyawl Kyaiông, Shir^. Dartati. LaiyawL Taimgai. Dibwel. Lulkwa. Til:. Dihai (3). Lyendu. Tllum.
DoikheU Ngalti. Tiwrl. Hmonkawix Pt^pum. Tlao (Klao). Hmun'pi. Parrtft (a). Tierrt. Khorwa. Pnnte, Yatlier. KUngkan. Ralai^. Yaungtfc Kwanglon (a). Rosshi. Yawlte. Kwalong. Sdcurr.
dbjGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Commura cations. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 140 Bwelhri ... 16 West of Tilum and 6 miles distant. raYatlier,Klao.Ngalti. Lotarr, and Tilum.
K4 Mong.
Stmarks.-Â Yahow village, subordinate to Vannut and pays tribute to Falam. There is only a small supply of water near the village.
Name of resident Chief. I 8 3 4 5 6 141 Bwelte ... 35 West of Bwelhri and 3 miles distant.
Vi& Ngalii (for Ngalti, Route No. IS). Kaing Kwb.
Rtmarki.A Yahow village subordinate to Vannul and pays tribute to Falam. Water near villê in small stream.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 143 Bweyaul ... 30
WestofLyen. du and 3 miles distant. Fi<iKlaoandLyendu,M# Route No. 15. SaKum.
Rtmarks.'A Yahow village subordinate to Vannul and pays tribute to Falam. Plenty of water on east of village I mile distant, but not much close by.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 143 Dartati ...
50 Six miles southwest of Khwanglun. Vid Klao, Rosshi, and Khwai^lun. Ste route. Ra.tiaw.
Rtmarkt. A Yahow village subordinate to Vannul, pays tribut water near village.
I Falam. Little
dbjGoogle
CAZBTTEER OF VILLAGES.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses, Siltiation. Communications. Name of resodent Chief. I 2 3
4 5 6 ISO Kiang-kan 25 On a spur to south of main Yahow valley, wh ieh runs down to the bifurcation of the KUIro n stream. VU Shunkla, Sekurr, Hmunpi, Kheinkhan, and Till, distant 20 miles Set Route No. 15. Si Hnin.
Remarki. A Vahow villê subordinate to Vannul and pays tribute to Falam. The line of attack from the north is a little diRicult as there is a steep rise through kaing and other jungle to the village and a steep and nasty descent "fter leaving Till. There is a good camping-ground on the south and above the village, but water is scarce and has lo be obtained from the Chin leads. It is possible to reach the village in one march from Fala.n, if necessary. If two marches are made, camp at Sekurr.
Serial No. Name of village. No of houses.
Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 151 Kwalong ... 31
Yang..sang.
Remarks. "Vshovr village subordinate to Vannul, pays tribute to Falam.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situaiion. Commun ications. Name of
resident Chief. 1 3 4 5 t 153 Kwanglon or Khwanglun. SO Oneastdeof a valley running north and south about i.aoo feet above the Lunbauk var Ki Shunkla. Yatlier.KIao andRosshi. Distant 33 miles from Falam. S** Route No. 15. Soung-hoilyen.
Remarks. Yahow village subordinate to Vannul, pays tribute to Falam. This village is come on to rather suddenly on rounding a spur which commands it at 150 to 2oa yards range. It is surrounded by a thk;k hedge with plenty of cactus in it. The village can best be attacked from the road or from the hill on the south-west and behind it. It has the usual internal hedges and fences. There is a good camping-ground about li miles from the village on the north-east side with plenty of water. Also there are good
grounds on the stream about } mile below the village. It would be possible by camping near Klao to reach the village in two marches, but they would be kmg and hard. If Soing in three marches, camp at Yatlier and Klao. There are a good many Whenohs in lb village.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name erf village. No. of house.. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I ' 3 4 5 6 4S Hmunpi ...
SO On west slope of hill, east of KUiron miles south ofSekwT. From Falam via Shunkia and SekuiT, distant I3i miles. S* Route No. 15Tansow.
Rtmarks. A Vahow village and one of the Yatller group. It is subc nul and pays tribute to Falam. The road into the village is fairly good o
s subordinate toVan, , u , .100^ on the northi but there is a steep and difficult, though short, ascent from the south. The village has a Strong hedge round it and also the usual internal hedges and fences, some of which are very high. Water plentiful along Sekuir road (December), but no good camping^ground near the village, which is within a fairly easy day's march of Fatam post.
Serial No, Name of vniage. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief.
3 3 4 5 6 M9 KhOTwa or Kurruwa. 65 On spur on west bank of the Klatron stream and south of Txemt. Vid Shunkia and Yatlier, distant 18 miles. St$ Route Na 15. Yat Kyin.
Rtmarks, X Vahow village subordinate to Vannul, pays tribute to Falam. This is a very strongly fortified village; it has a thick caaus hedge and an earthbank round it. The entrances are through deep V-shaped ditches, which run some 30 or 30 yards into the villê. There are smaller amilar openings on either side, the first on the tight (north entrance) being a difficult one. The main ditch is 10 feet deep at the entrance and shallows down, and just wide enough for one man at a time. Fifteen of the houses are away from the main village on the south of it. The upper or west side is probably the least strong, and it would be best to attack there. The village is within a days march of Falam. If two marches are made, camp at Yatlier, There is a fairly g<K)d camping-ground to the north of the village, but water is scarce and distant. The best place to camp would be on the Klairon stream or on a stream about 1 mile
north of viliag*.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 144 Dibwel ... 30
Hr^-Kling.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of redent Chief. I 3 3 A 5 6 45 Dihai (a) ... 3a About 8 miles Kwungli. St* Route No. 15 to Kwungli and then by Chin path to Dihai.
Mong-dum. RMarks.A Yahow village subordinate to Vannul, pays tribute to Falam. Serial Name of village. No. of bouses. Situaôn. Communications. Name of readent Chief. 1 9 3 4 5 6 146 Doikhel ... 10 Five miles west of Satfln. Vid Bwette, Satom, and Darbon.
M4k-so.
Rtm arh.A Yahow villag subordinate to l/annul, pnys tribute to Falam. Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 147 Hmonkawn or Hongkws-rum.
'5 ...
Da-lyen-kwd.
Semarkt. Yahow village subordinate to Vannul, pays tribute to Falam,
dbjGoogle
Serial No. Natne of village. No. of houses.
Communications. Name of ivsident Chief. I 3 3 (So 4 S 6
153 Kwashun ... Wea of Dihai See Route No. 15 to Kwungli, thence to Dihai 8 miles, thence to village in 7 miles. Laing-lwe.
Remarks. Vahov village subordinate to Vannul, pays tribute to Falam.
Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 S 6 '54
kan. 36 Ir. nullah n east of KlaiVia Shunkla, Sekurr and Hmunpi. Distant iti^ miles. See Route No. 15 Mong Rol.
Remnrii.A Yahow village subordinate to Van Nul and pays tribute to Falam. The road from Sekurr descends and is bad rear the village on the nnnh and leaving the village rises steeply for a short distance. The village is surrounded with a hedge and has the usual inlemal hedges and fences. It is within a day's mareh of Falam, but if two marches are made, camp at Sekurr. There is plenty of water on the road and near the village, but no good camping-ground quite close.
Name of resident Chief. 1
3 4 5 6 15s Kyang-rong 60 On spur on side of hill north-west from Ngaiti, and 3 miles Via Shunkla, Yatlier, Klao, and Ngaiti. Distant 37 miles. .S'< Route No. 15. San-tin-seo.
^(nmris. Yahow village subordinate to Vannul, and pays tribute to Falam. It has a mixed population of Yahows and Whenohs and is on the borders of the latter country. The village has a strong hedge round it and the immediate approach fiw about 300 yards is steep and nasty and from the bed of a nullah. There is a good campingground south-east by east of the village on the further side of the nullah, but v"" ' rather far from iL tt is possible to reach the villaffe in two days by camping n If going in three marches, camp at Yatlier and KTao.
- Klaoi.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Nanwof village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 + 5 6 156 Laiyaul ... 30 Nnrth-west from Kyangrong. 5m path leadine from Botung over the imbuk. 5m Route No. 9. LyentiL
Remarkt. The people are Yahows, Whenohs, and emigrants from Kwungli ; they are tributary to Falam and under the influence of Vaimul. The village lies south of the road from Bowtsunto Sounghai and is visible from the Imbuk Ktang, which the road leads over at an elevation of 7,100 feet.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 2 3 4 5 6 157 Lulkwa ... 50 Tjes between Kwashun and Ralang arKl close to
Lyendu. lîa Shunkta and Yatlier. 5m Lyendu village in Route 15 Tanka.
Remarki.A Yabow village subordinate to Vannul, pays tribute to Falam.
Serial No. Name of village. Naof houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 A 5 6 158 Lyeitdu .,. 80
On top of spur (with hill behind) running west to east toKlairon stream. (0 Vid Shunkla, Yailier, TIao, and Ralang, 30 miles. See Route No. ISMan-tin-t
Uttnarks. Yahow village subordinate to Vannul, pays tribute to Falam. This is a Yahow village. It could best be attacked from the south by going by the abovetnenttoned road. There are good camping-grounds anywhere along the stream, which is about a| miles from the village; near the village itself there is a good camping-ground (on the south], but the water is scarce and bad. The village is in two parts, about 300 yards apart, each part having about 40 houses. To reach the village m two marches camp at Yatlier village. The road is too steep and narrow for mule&
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name or village. No. of houses. Silualion. Communications. Name of resident Chief.
I 2 3 4 5 6 159 Ngalti or Yat- kumkwa. 6o On spur ninning up north-west from a small stream northwest of TIaa FiJShunkla.Vatlier.and Tlao, distance 33 miles. Stt Route 15. Yat-kum.
Rtmarks. This is a Vahow village subordinate to Vannul. It pays tribute to Falamj it is about 14 miles north-west of Tlao. The village Is surrounded with a strong hedge and is about l) miles from tlie stream on a spur with an easy gradient There are good camping-grounds anjiwhere on the stream where there is plenty of good This is the residence of Yatkum, who founded all the Yahow villages on the west of the hills. He is a very old man now. He is of the Chief's blood, being uncle to Varaiul, but of a younger branch of the family.
If going in two marches camp near Tlao, if three, Yatlier and Tlao. There are a good many Whenohs in this village.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communication*. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 160 Paipum or Ko-tirrl or Tuilai. 40 North-west of I.j^nhnga and distant some 3i miles
Road from Tizert good, passing throuc^h Lyenhnga, descends into a big stream and ascends direct into Paipum. Ya Hnin.
Rt7narks.\ahav village, pays tribute to Falam. There is sakl to be a fair ci ground near the village and a stream of water on the west. Known to the Northern Chins as Twilai ; surrendered two guns in 1894; W Sit Route No. 15 to Punti.
Communicatk)ns. Name of resklent Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 itii Parrti (})...
30
- T i n-s h w alyen.
Stmarkt.A Yahow village subordinate to Vannul pays Cributfi to Falam
dbyGoogle
GAzertEBR OF VILLAGES.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6
163 Punt6 ...
Punti lies south-west of l.yenh nga aiid 6 mills distance It lies on east bank of the Tyaoriver, which is seen from the viltage. < Six miles west of Lyenhngo. Sei Route No. 9. Taw I.yen, or Dftlyin.
RMarks.A Yahow village subordinate to Vannul, and pays tribute to Falam. The village is on the border of Lushai. Water plentiful at village. Taw Lyen spent some months in Kindat jail in 1893.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of bouses. Situation. Communicaîu. Name of resident Chief. I
3 3 4 5 6 163 Ralang ... 65 On spur which north-west to south-east to junction of Tiao and Kiairon KidShunklaand Yatlier. Distance 19 miles Irom Falam. Se Route No. ISKo Tung.
tage is divided into three parts and is about 3 miles fi attacked by going from Lyendu, or by going from 1 former beii^ the best. It has the usual hedges and fences, but is not a difficult village to '^' '" ' ' 1 in a day. If going in two marches, the be; ' ' 1 Yahow village and Lyendu is under it
Serial No. Name of village. No. of bouses.
Situation. Comrauntcations. Name of resident Chief. 1 a 3 4 5 6 161 Roashi r Warrshi. 38 On spur on side of hill i mile from and south of a stream. CidShunkU.Yatlier.and TIao. Distance about 30-4 miles from Falam. Set Route No. 15. Moung Kwe.
Jl*marks.V aUov villê subordinate to Vainnul, pays tribute to Falam. A small onimpoitant milage about 12 inlles north-west of TIao. The village can be easily at-
dbyGoogle
ixvi.
tacked by going alon^ track which crosses the headwaters of a stream about a mile from the village. From this point the ascent is easy and the road not bad. There is practically no hedge round this village, though there are the usual internal hedges and fences. After leaving Tlao there is no water for 6 miles and there is a steep and long ascent and descent. Water at 6th mile in a nullah on right (north) of road [in December), but difficult to find if there is no guide. Excellent camping-ground on stream. If two marches are made, camp on stream below Tlao ; if three, at Yatlier and Tlao. There ai many Whenohs in this village.
a good
Serial No. Name of viUage. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of TCSHlent Chief. I a 3
4 5 6 I6S Sekurr ... tio On side of hill on east of Klairon stream and i mile south of Yallier. Vid Shunkla. Distance la miles. A* Route No. 15. Taosow.
Rtmarks. A Yahow village subonlinate to Vannul. and pays tribute to Falam. js the largest of the Yatlier group and the actual residence of the most influential Chi.., Tansow. The village is in a nullah and is surrounded with a hedge. At the highest
r eastern side the ledge is vtry poor ; above the village the hill is very sleep and the Tui^le is thick. There is a good camping-ground on the north-east of the village, but the water is 300 yards distant. This village is within an easy day's march of Falam post.
Serial No. Name of viltage. No. of
houses. s,.. Com mu meat ibna. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 * 5 6 166 Shilong ... >3 South of Taunghwe and west of Shingnai. Route No. 9 to Taunghwe and then soiith. Va-mong.
Ktmarks.A Yahow village subordinate to Vannul, pays tribute to Falam. Villaee ties about two marches west of Yatlier and is more easily reached from Falam than mi Port White, Molbem, and Botung.
Serial No.
Name of village. No. of houses. Sitnation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 167 Shimyaul... ao Lies between Dihai and Lyendu. About 10 miles north of Lyendu. Lyen-hnyd.
Btmarht, A Yahow village subordinate to Vannul, pays tribate to Falam.
dbyGoogle
GiAZBTTEER OF VILLAGES.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Commtinxations. Name of resident Chief. t 2 3 5 6 [8 Shiiâi ... 35 Twelve miles west and slightly Muth of Botung. Sti Route No. Q as far as
Bolune and thence by path. Raw-ya-tuog.
Rtwiarks.A Yahow viltage subordinate to Vannul, pftys tribute to Falam.
Sena) No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 ? 6 169 Tanngai ... * On spur on side of hll cast of the Klair n
stream. Vid Shunkla. Distance la miles. &# Route No. 15Tan-sow.
AMar-it.A Yahow village and one of the Yatlier group. This group of villagea consists of four, ly'mg in a line north and south, sveraging ^mile apart The villa^ Is subordinate to Vannul and pays tribute to F'alam, Tanng is the smallest and most northern of the group ; it b surrounded with a stronr fence and has the usual internal fences. There is a good cam ping- ground on the south of the village with plenty of water. It is within an easy day s march of Palam post. ,
Serial No. Name of vDlagc No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. a 3 4 5
6 70 roi 30 On hill on east of Klairon stream south of Kheinkhan and near the south end of the Yahow vaney. Vid Shunkla, Sekurr, Hmunpt, and Kheinkhan. St4 Route No. 15. Lyen Yam.
S*iiurks.A Yahow village subordinate to Vannul, and pays tribute to Falam. It b not hedged and is a small unhnportant village. The road is furly level from Kheinkhan and in bet from Sekurr, and the village can be reached in one march from Falam, but, if goit^ in two, camp at Sekurr, There b plenty of water along the road, but no good camping-ground. Below the village ^1 mile) is the Klairon stream, near which are certain to be some good grounds foe camptng.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Nameot village.
No. of hOUKS.
Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 171 Tnum ... 37
Kw-le.
Renuirh.A Yahow vi11a{re Bubordinate to Vannnl, pays tribute to Falar
Serial No. Name of vilUge. No. of
houses. Situation. Communication s. Name of reiudeni Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 17a Tteri ... 16 Near Whenoh' village of Tirl. ViA Yatkum and Loteton. Hmunlwa.
RiMarks^-fi Yahow village subordinate to Vannul, pay> tribute to Falam.
No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chirf. I 3 3 4 5 6 173 TlaoorKla 140 Low down in valley about \ mUe by track from Klao stream and north of it. ViA Shunkla and Yatlier, 18 miles from Falam post. S Route No. 15Vannnl _
J?tM(ir-Aj. Yahow head village, pays tribute to Falam. This is the Yahow capital and residence of the Head Chief Vannul,
The village is in four parts, each surrounded by a hedge and all close together. The village could best be attacked from the road as the ascent from the stream is easy and the track good. It has usual internal hedges and fences. There are good camping-grounds all along the Tlao stream and water is of course plentiful. The village is within a day's march of Falam. If going in two marches, camp at Yatlier or on the stream below tL
dbyGoogle
GAZETTBBR OP VILLAGES.
Wr.:
Serial No. Name<tf village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4
5 6 174 Tarrt ... loo On top of a tpur ninninK from south down to the junaion of theTlaoand Klairon streams. Vid Shunkia and Yatlier. Dislam about 19 miles. St Route Na 15. Ko-tin-bol :
Tillage about 3} miles from Tlao and south-east of it. The road from Tlao is steep and veiybad in places. There is probably another road from Yatlier. It is difficult to attack cm account of this road. On the south there is a knoll which commands the village at about aoo yards. B^ going up-stream and ascending iiouth of the village this knoUcan be reached! There is not much water and no good camping-ground near the village, though good grounds anywhere along the stream on the east of the village It can be reached in one day from Falam. If two marches made, camp at Yatlier.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. SUuatkm.
Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 175 Yatlier or Yatirr. SO On side of hill east of Klairon stream and i mile south of Tan. ngai. KtaShunkla. Distant 13 mUes. Set Route No. ISTansow.
Rmarkt.A Yahow village subordinate to Vannul and pays tribute to Falam. It is the chief of the group of the same name, though not the largest. It is surrounded with a strong hedge and has the usual internal hedges and fences. This village or group is on the mam road into the Yahpw country and is the best place to camp at the first day out, unless forced marches are being made. It is on the eastern side of the valley in which are all the principal Yahow villages, manv of which are visible from it.
There is a good camping'ground with plenty of water on the nofth of the village.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situ^km. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 76 Yaungte ... 60 Six mites DartatL Via Tlao, Khwanglun and DartatL Sm Route No. IS-
Lam-saw.
RtmarU.h Yabow village, subordinate to Vanmil, pays tribute to Falam.
dbyGoogle
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 S 6 '77 Yawiti ... 35
South and quite cloM to TatUcwa of Ywalpi. via Dartati village i lies north and some 5 miles from Damtl Mongtwin.
Rtmari,h Yahow village subordinate to Vannul, pays tribute to Falam.
dbyGoogle
Whemah villtgit. Ah Hmun. BowUun. Dariion.
Shillam. Shuibum. Soiu. Lotarr
Seunghai. Lyenhtig*.
TiMtt. Parrtung.
TlmgyawL rmoL
VangvBh. Sum
wi.i.. SadL
StU.
YwlpL
dbjGoogle
Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 178 Ah Hmun 30 ...
Latin-wun.
Communications. Name of nMdent Chief. I 8 3 4 5 6 179 Bowt-stan or Botung. 40 Four miles south-west of Swmon. CtaS^mon. Ac Routes Nos. 9 and to. Lal-pyem.
Rentarhs, A mixed Yahow and Whenoh village and pays tribute to Falam. ft can be reached by a direct road from Hele (the road being the same as the HeleSaimon nd) till I mile froni the latter, when it branches off to the west and enters Botung in 2 miles. The village has been partly disarmed. Water good and camping-ground to the west of the village.
Sfsrial No.
Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of icKdent Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 180 Danbon, or Kwa-piship, or Kopishe. 40 South of Seym S** Routes Nog. 9 and 10 Parr-lul.
R*marhs.~k Whenoh village pays tribute to Falam. Village in plain view from road between Taunghwe and Seyat.
Serial No. Name of vilbge. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 9 3 4 5 6 181 Lotarr or Lotarron. 33 Threemiles west-niMthwes t of Kyangrong. Via Tlao. Ngaiti, and Kyangrong. &. Route Ttn-tung.
Rimarhs.h. Whenoh village pays tribute to Fatam. It is visibie from the road near yangrong. Good campbg-ground with plenty of water belovr the villaga Village s
Kyangrong. not stockaded.
d by Google
Name of resident Chief. . " 3 4 5 6 i8a
Lyenhnga 30 Ues south of S o rtft and west of Tirt and Kaptyal, 6 mil from Taen and iS from Kaptyal. Five miles south-west of Sortft, on a promontory. Lankap.
Remarks. A Whenoh village, which pays tribate to Falam. There is said to be a. ^rect road from Tiiert. From Sotlft the road goes soulh-east tor 3 miles and keeps fairly level ; then, turning south it goes on the east slope of a ridge and winds into the village which lies on ihe point of a promontory. The village is very strongly posted and is only commanded from the north. It is an offshoot ot Lyenhnga village, which lies south of Shurbum and west of Sea-^. A sprinkling f Soktes from Hele are to be Found a stream on east of village.
outh of Shurbum and west of Sea-^. A sprinkling f Sokte n this village. Water Is good and plentiful and found in a si
Serial No. Name ot village. No. of houses. Situation.
Nameot resident Chief. t 3 3 4 S 6 183 Parrtung or Fantung. 8 One mile south of Yaulpi. Via Ktao, Khwanglun, and Dartati. Doule. Smarks.X Whenoh villê, pays tribute to Palam. Water in stream south of vil* lage, about 1,000 yards distant Serial No. Name of vfllage. No. of houses. Situation.
Communkations. Name of reaident Chief. t 3 4 5 6. 184 Punsat ... 38 South of SokteNwengal villages. South-west of Molbem.
Rejttarhs. A village which pa ys tribute to Falam, hut which lain reality peopled by Soktes from Shwum^ village, a squalid village. Water-supply good. Village is more easily approached viA Hele or Paiyan, though it lies nearer to Shwumpe ; road from Hele good.
dbyGoogle
Serial No.
Name of village. No. of houses. SHuation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 8S Satom ... 27 Lies between Kopishi and Dibwel. Via Klao, Khwanglun, and Dartali. Rao-ta-um.
Rimarks. A Whenoh villê, pays tribute to Falam. Water from spring, which i) brought into village in leads.
Serial No, Name of village. No. of houses. S,,i. Communications. Name of readent Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 186 Sea-ak or Seyat. 70 Three miles south of Punte village. Punte, Shurbum. and Lyenhnga. Ste Route Tin Bun.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 187 Sepi ... 5 South of Botung. Via Kwungli, Dihai, and Kylngjan. Longlyen.
Serial No. Name oi village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chiet I 2 3 4 5 6 188 Shillam ... 30 South of Sea-ak and 3 miles distant. Via Sea-ak. Bu Route No, 9. Wa-hninshwe.
Ramarks. Whenoh village, (tays tribute to Falam. There is a sprinkling of
Soktes who fled from Hele in 1893. Road leaves Sea-ak on south, descends and crosses a large stream by a wooden bridge ; it then ascends and becomes level s it enters ihe village on the north. Another route from Falam via Narlti, Laiyaul, and Sounghai, Small supply of water at village and also :n large stream on south down the khitd.
dbyGoogle
Serial Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. > 3 3 4 5 6 189 Shurbum
(two villages). 39 South-west of Punte and 3^ miles dis. Unt, Vid Punte. See Route . No. 9. Et-bi.
Remarks. Whenoti village, pays tribute to Falam. There is a aprinkling of SoltCes from Kaptvat, who fled from the latter village in 1893. The village has been partly disarmed. Water at village.
Seriil No. Name Of village. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief . 2 3 4 5
6 190 Sort* ... >9 Five miles north-west of Tizert. Road from Tiiert leads out west and keep so for a short distance, then turning north it becomes quite level and keeps so to village. Tin Yeik.
Remarks. Whenoh village, pays tribute to Falam. The village has been disarmed and is unstockaded. It is commanded on all sides. There are good camping-grounds on the east and west of the village, and the water-supply is good. Called Tawti by the Northem Chins.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. . Name of resident Chief. '
3 3 4 5 6 191 Soui^haioT Taunghwe. 30 Eleven miles north-west of Bowtsum. See Route No. 9 Lyenval.
Remarks. People Whenohs and Kwunglis; are tributary to Falam; moved from Sepi village. The village is a disreputable one both in appearance and character. It was fined for raiding in the Kanhow tract in iSga. There is a little water at the vil!ag6 and also plenty in a stream close by and to the south-wesL
dbjGoogle
l^tL
Serial No. Name of
village. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. t 3 3 4 5 6 192 Tiiert or Twilai. 16 Twelve miles west of Kaptyal. (I) Vid Kaptyal, Set route. Vantiao.
Rmarks. Tizert is a Whenoh village and pays tribute to Falam. It is called Twilaiby the Northern Chins. The villfê was disarmed in 189.1 and is slightly stockaded. There is a gooA cam ping -ground with a good water-supply on the north-west of the village.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of bouses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 193 kwel. 13 West of Shingnai.
Tirra-fcaL
Pttaarla.'A Whenoh village, pays tribute to Falam ; is now being deserted.
Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 194 Vang-va ... 30 South-west of Botung and south-east of Taunghae. Chin path from Botung. See Route No. 9. Kwelîn.
Rtvtarb.A Whenoh village, pays tribute to Falam. Water in a stream about a nile from the village to the easL
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 fi 195 Waile-kwa or Kwun. glytn. 30 A line drawn from Tiddim to Arban peak passes Ih rough village.
See Route No. 9 Waile.
Rimarfa. People Whenohs, tributary to Falam. Lies between the Tuipi and Tyao rivers and 10 miles from the former. Houses built of bamboo and thatched with bamboo leaves. Water obtainable in a nullah close to the village. Villagelies westof the Tyao and east of the Tuipi and should in reality belong to Lnshai.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of liouses. 'Situation.
Name of resident Chief. 1 2 3 5 6 196
Wun-halkum. as South of Taunghwe. Set Route No. o to Taunghwe. Van-hwe-kw. Rtmarki.A Whenoh villê, pays tribute to Falam ; 5 miles from Yawlki village to east. Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 197
Vawlpi or Tln-yawL as Five miles south of Bwelri. ViA North Loteron, Tilum, and BweIrL Hia-kal.
dbjGaogle
GAZETTEER OP VtLLAGES.
Gazetteer of villages in the Southern Chin Hills.
Name of tribe. Ntunberof villages. Number of houses. Estimated population. Haka Klangklang .., Vokwa ... 4' U 45 "1 3,556
14.350 17.780 Total ... lao 7â6 39.630
dbjGoogle
GAZETTEER OF Vlt.LAGES. Villages of the Haka Tribe.
Serial No. Name o village. Na of houses. Situation. Communication . Name of . resident Chief. I 3 3 4 S
6 198 199 Haka (Kolun) Kotarr 175 80 On the northern slope of I h e Rongklang. 65, miles north -west by west of Kan and 36 miles south of Falam. One mile west of Haka-Kolun. Su Routes Nos. 18, 19, 30, &c. Kotarr is connected with Kolun by a mule-track made in 1891. Shwe Hlyen, Lyen Mo, Boi Lin, La Sin, Mun Kum, and many others. VaHlwe,Ni Kwe, YaReng, and several cêts.
J?i(i nil. Haka consists of two villages, Kolun and Kotarr, the old and the new village. It is the village in which all the Chiefs of the tribe live and at one time its influence extended far across the Koladyne and Tyao rivers. Haka-Kolun is divided into five parts : fi) Sakum, the Shanpi quarter, with Shwe Hlyen at its head, (a) The Shante quarter with Lyen Mo as Chi^. {3J KUngum, the Kenlaut quarter, under Mun Kum. (4.J Korrdon, under Boi Lin, La Sin, and Karr Tsim. (S) Farrwe, somelimes called Little Haka, under Lyen Kwe. In 1S91 the five Chiefs mentioned above were chosen out of the many to
conduct the affairsof the tribe, but the influence of this council is being gradually centred in Shwe Hlyen and Lyen Mo, although it is still found impossible to ignore the influence of such men as Lyen Paung, Van Lein, and others who have a well-established control over certain villages. With the chief Haka families nearly all the Chiefs of villages in the Haka, Klangklang, and Yokwa tribes and in the independent southern country are connected either directly or by marriage, Hata-Katarr, usually called Kotarr, is as its name implies an offshoot of the mothervillage. Of late years its size has been much rediiced by the lefounding of Shun Shun and other villages. The Darkwa Sun family has most weight in Kotarr and almost all work with us is carried on by Nikwe, although he is junior to Ya Hlwe. Ya Hlwe'sson, Tatmon, should eventually be the most influential, and his family formerly made their influence felt in Paipa, Kwmirang, Tangaw, Lonrang, and Aika, all southern independent villages.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4
5 6 aoo Aibur ... I30 Forty miles south of Haka. From Haka wdKusa and Situntya, su Route No. 36, and vi& Bwenlon and Doong-var, set Route No. asA. Shan Dun, San Bye;
^(OT^rM. Visited in 1889-90 and in i893-94- A well built village, slightly stockaded and commanded from the south-east. Fair camping-grqund on the south side of village. Stockade with water in nuilah 300 yards to south. Paystribute to Shwe Hlyen of Haka.
dbyGoogle
IXXX. GAZETTEER OF VILLAGES. Villagers peaceful and have few mter-viUa?e disputes. The people are of the s as the Naring group of villages and are called Lawiu by the other China.
Serial No. Name of village. No. o( houses.
Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 aoi BweWestor Kwa-tsunkwa. 60 On east bank of Koladyne, 14 miles south of Tao. From Tao hy a bad road crossing the Haka-Tregear mule-track, 4 miles beyond the Shirtok stream, see Route Nos. 38 and 39. Kwa Tsun.
Rtmarks. Veiled by Lushai column in 1889-90 and from Haka in iSQiSia. A pleasantly situated villfê, built of bamboo after the Lushai style. Bad campingground close to village, using village water-supply. Village stockaded, but commanded from
the crest of the range on the east. Tribute paid to Tatam of Haka and Yahwit of Klangklang. The Bwe people follow many of the Lushai customs, among them the storing of grain in Specially constructed huts at a distance from the village.
No. Name of villê. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 S 6 .. BweEastoT Rad unkwa. 80 Three miles south of Bwe WesL
From Vomkwa crosnng Tirian range difBcult path lomiles. 5 Route Nos. 38 and 39. Ra Dun, Sir Kum.
Houses very poor and built
J?iarjb. Separated from Bwe West by the Pu-i-aw-v mostly of bamboo. Not stockaded and offers no difficulty to attack. There is a look-out hut in tree close to water-spring looking south. Plenty of good campingground and a sufficient supply of water. Isunder the same influence as Bwe West. Best camping-ground is on south-east side of village. Partially disarmed in 1895. Village is sometimes called Twan-Fyan, which is the name of the place upon which it is built. Tatsim eats village.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Ktuation.
Name of readent Chief. 1 2 3 4 5
6 303 Bwenlon ... 70 Sixteen miles south southwest of Haka on right bank of Boinu. From Haka direct. Sit Route No. 25 A. Mun Sa Aw, Sum Tang.
Remarks- Pays tribute to Lyen Mo of Haka. A well-built and prosperous village surrounded by a small log and branch stockade, offering no difficulty to attack with longrange rifles. Good camping-ground for small party of troops i mile to west of village. Water-supply fair. Latê parties mi^ht camp on bank of Boinu, i.goo feet below village.
The Thetta Chiefs have mfluence ir
Visited in 1889-90 and in 1891-92.
dov Google
Serial Name of village.
No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 304 Bwetet ... 50 Ten miles southsouth-east of Haka. Si Route No. 19. Yat Kway.
Stntarhs A poorly built village with no influence. Pays tribute to several of the Haka Chiefs notably Shwe Hlyen, atso gi\-es peace-ofiering to Yokwa. Not stockaded and commanded from all udes except east. Good cam ping- ground below village where post for rationing purposes was held during 1889-90 and 1891-92.
Name of' readent Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 205 Byaote ... 40 Six miles eastnorth-east of Haka. From Haka vid Kobe. Sea Route No. 20. Klwan Kam.
Rtmarki. Visited lage, with plentiful
by hedge. Pays tribute to
'Ife.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. SituaUon.
Name of resident Chief. 1 a 3 4 5 6 306 Dongvar ... 90 On the west bank of the Boinu, 25 miles SDUih50uih>east of Haka.
From Haka vid Bwenlon. Stt Route No. 25A. Rum M n (Haka), Lyen Shai. Tyer Byik.
Rtmarks. Visited in 1889-90 and situated village, 2.000 feet above the river. only slightly stockaded. Camping- ground J mile water-supply. Pays tribute to Rum Mon, of Haka, of Haka. Rum Mon oflen lives in Dongvar.
in 1891-92. A badly biiilt and badly Has fortified entrances, but is olherwise south-west of village, with plentiful and is also under the influence of Ni Karr
Serial No. Name of villê. No. of houses. Sluation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 S 6
207 Faron ... 150 Nine miles east-northeasto Haka. Direct from Haka. Ste Route No. 30. Ya Ok, I.yen Ah.
Stntaris. A welLbuilt and important village, trading freely with Myintha and other villages in the Myitiha valley. Surrounded by a hedge and ditch, but commanded from the south. Water-supply good, with fair camping-ground above village on road to Firthi. Pays tribute to both Shwe Hlyen and I-ycn Mo ; but latter has greater influence. Lyen Ah and several of the villagers speak and understand Burmese. Visited in 1B89-90 and frequently since, /
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Nsmeof village. No. of houses. Situation.
Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 208 Firthf ... 70 Eleven miles east-northeast of Haka, a miles north of Faron. Direct from Haka viA Faron. Stt Route Nos. 30 and 20. Na Nuk, Lycn Err. Tang
Semarks. Visited in 1889-90 and frequently since. Is practically a part of Faron, the people of both villages being very closely related. Village slightly stockaded and commanded from north and wesl. Pays tribute to Lyen Mo and Shwe Hlyen ; former has greatest influence. Faron and Fiithi were raiding villages and had blood feuds witil Hanla and the Minl^daung group of Tashon villages.
Serial
No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 209 Haipai ... 40 Four miles north -west of Hanta. On the Chin path from Hanta to Ralawn, 4 miles from Hanta. LaiBun.Rwe Kling.
J?ina-t*. Visited in 1892 H somewhat under the in Hut has influence.
3. A village of little importance, poor and not stockaded. X of Hanta. Pays tribute to Lyen Mo. Teherr, of Hak^
Serial No. Name of Tillage. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6
Halron ... 40 On the HakaFalam muletrack. 18 miles north of Haka.
.S'w Route No. 21 Pa Kong.
Remarks. iias been constantly visited first in 1889-90 People poor and houses badlv built. Pays tribute to Ra Kwe and other Haka Chiefs. Small camping-ground on nortn Mde of village and good camping-ground 2 miles to north on Pao-var.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 a 3 4 5 6 ... Hreinhrein 150
Eleven miles north-nort heast of Haka by a fair road. From Haka via Pai crosS' ing Nya-var under Haka road, very steep in places. LyenDi,Twan
Rtmarks. Visited in 1890'pi, but îllê was not entered. Is stockaded and has an entrenched fort at bottom of village. L>en Oi is a man of much influence saiA the people
dbyGoogle
re a fine lot of men. Vilti^ successfully resisted attack by Tashons about 1880, but surrendered later to a combined force of tiakas and Tashons. There is a fair camp'tngground dose to the village and the road from Pai commands the village at long range. Pa^ tribute to Shwe Hlyen, but the Haka influence is not great in the village.
Name of readent Chief.
t 3 3 4 5 6 2 Hripi ... 100 Thirty miles Haka. Vid Kusa and Sauntya, M Route No. and vid Klangklang set Route Noa. 25 and 33. Manha
Stmarh.Vi^teA in 18&9.90 and in 1893-93 when village was fined in guns and livestock for harbouring Lalwe during the rains of 1891. Village is well built and stockaded. Road from east enters through narrow gorge defended b^ a triple line of weak stockades, and if attacking a detour should be made along summit of range in southerly direction, whence position can be turned and villa^ commanded. Ground near village is unsuited for camps. Manhe is a man of much independence and pays tribute to Shwe Hlyen of Haka under protest
Serial No. Name of villê.
No. of houses. Situation. Communicatkms. Name of re^dent Chief. I a 3 4 S 6 -3 Kabon ... 100 Near the Boisouth-west of Haka. Vid AibuT. Stt Route No. Lwayseo.
Remarit. Visited in 1889-90 and in i89i-93. Is undefended and commanded from the east and south. The best place for a camp b op the spur just below the village with small stream to south. Water plentiful.
Serial No. Name of villê. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 ai4 Kaypaw ... 7 Five ro i I e E north-west of Hanta. From Hanta wdHaipai. 5 miles by good road. Hren Kut.
Remarks. An offdtoot of Hanta. Pays tribute to Lyen Mo of Haka and to other Haka Chiefs.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 S 6 315 Klangkwa... 70 Twenty-eight miles northnorth- west of Haka.
Direct from Haka or vU Lonzert. From Falam tri'd Klangron. Vanhti Rungon.
Rimarks. Visited i
^t-gi. A stockaded village with a keep in centre. Good
camping.ground close to village. Pays tribute to La Sin and Van Lein of Haka. the borders of the Yahow country. Ya Reng of Koiarr
of the land near
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4
5 6 216 Kluangrum IS Five miles west of Wanto. From Hrlpi 10 miles and from Wantu 5 miles. Seolin.
Remarks. Visited in i8gi>93. Not stockaded. Isoo the road from Munlepi to Alnet. Is an ot!shoot of Wantu and b thus tributary to Haka.
Name of reskient Cihef. 1 a 3
4 5 6 317 Kobe ... 30 Three miles e a s t-northeastotHaka. From Haka 3 miles Raseo, Hie Hmon.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident CMef. I 3 3
4 5 6 ai8 Kusa . 30 Eighteen miles Haka, 10 miles south of Klangklang. From Haka direct. Si Route No. a6. Tdnkwe.
Remarks. Visited in 18S9.90, iG90-9t, and i8gt-92. Is badly situated and water is scarce. Bad camping-ground. Not stockaded. Commanded from the east. Pays ribuie to Lyen Mo.
dbjGoogle
Serial No. Name of vilUge. No. of houses. Situation.
Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 S 6 219 Lelak ... .00 Thirtv miles south-west of Haka. Vid Bwenlon (its Route No. > or md Sauntya {< Route No. 36). Tongseo, Ra Sum.
Rtmarhs. Visited in 1889.90 and in 1S93-94. Is a well built and stockaded village, commanded from the* south. Water-supply bad and there is no good camping'ground near village. Pays tribute to the Shante family of Haka Chiefs, but Lyen Paung, who is Tongseo's father-in-law, has most influence. Village was not colonized by the Hakas and the people are " Latvtus " and closely allied to the " Y05."
Serial No.
Name of village. No. erf houses.
Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 a 3 4 5 6 320 Lonhnam... 37 Seven miles c a s t-northeast of Haka. From Haka (m Route No 20) or from Faron, 3 miles. Ahdun.
Rtmaris. An offshoot of Faron, paying tribute to Shwe Hlyen of Haka. Has been frequently vited. Is commanded from the south.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 221 Loiuert ... 80 Nineteen miles north-west by west of Haka and 8 miles north of Klangklang. Direct from Haka or via Klangklang (ue Route No. 39.) Ukon, Shai-
mon, PaluL
J?mnrt. VJKted in 1892 and 1895. Village has stockaded entrances now in ruinss, but presents no difficulties to attack with long-range rifles. Camping-ground near village on Shopum road. Lonzert has many quarrels with the KlangklanRs. The village pays tribute to Vanlein of Haka, but his influence is not great. The roads from Haka are very difficult and the village is best reached vid Klangklang. Partially disarmed in 1895.
dbyGoogle
GAZerTBBR OF VILLAGES.
Seria No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 a 3 4 5 6
oa LiisBin ... *S NearLoMert, 5 miles northeast of Sho. pam. From Haks vid Loozert, i6 miles. KwahniD.
ifemari*. Under the inflenceof Vanleinof Haka. Gives presents to the Klangklang Chiefs. From Haka Lunsum Is best reached vid Klangklang and Sbopum, about 30 miUs. Road very good to Shopum and fair between Shopum and Cunsum.-
Serial No. Name of village. Naof houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident aief. I a 3
4 5 6 333 Lunswe or LunzcJ. 50 Four miles west of the road to Nar6 miles south of Kabon. From Kabon 6 miles { Route No. 35 A). YatSi.
Rtmarks.PAya tribute to both ^we Hlyen and Lyen Mo of Haka. The pe<^le are quiet and inoffensive. The village is divided into two parts, sometimes called Soipi and Solte. The people are called Yos by the Hakas and are said to have come from the west.
Name of resident Chief. 1 a 3 4 S 6 334 Mignu ... 46 Five miles south-east of On Kan Haka mule-track (m Route No. 19). Taunghut.
SeiK^trkt. Has been frequently visited. Not stockaded. Commanded from ro9d> Camping-ground on south side of village. Pays tribute to Shwe Hlyen,
Serial No. Name of villfê. No. of houses. Situation.
Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 aas Mwekai or Lamyal. 30 Four miles south of K1an)!kwa. ViJ Lonzett from Haka, 35 miles. Teosin, Kwaton.
Rtmarks.Bdot^ to the group cf villages of which Klangkwa is the most important. Pays tribute to Vanlein of Haka.
dbyGoogle
Serial
No. Name of village. No. at bouses. Situatioa
Name of resident Chiel. 1 2 3 4 5 3iti Ngapwe ... 15 Four milos north-northeast of Haka From Haka, 4 miles ... Munwang.
Serial No. Nam ol
village. No. ol hou^ SU.ion. Communfcation*. >fameof redent Chief. t I 3 4 5 6 aJ7 Nyerlon- ... 100 Seven miles north of Haka. Direct from Haka or by path leading eaatatSlh mile from Haka on Haha-Falam muli^rack. Lyenyan, Re
Stmarh.Visiled 1&90.91 and 1802-43. A stockaded village, commanded from the Haka road. Has a blood feud with the Klangklaiigs. Pays tribute to Lyen Mo and other Haka Chiefs. Fair camping-ground dose to vittê; is one of the oldest Haka vilidges.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of nsident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 338 Pai 30 Seven miles north-northeast of Haka, in the valley of the Nyervar. Direct from Haka 7 miles which is steep at crossing of Nyervar.
Shankarr.
*>iMr*J. Visited in 1890-91 and in 1891-93. Fair camping-groutid half milesouth of village. Pays tribute to Lyen Mo of Haka.
Serial Ko. Name of village. No. of houses. SituMion. Commurncations. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 339 Rimpi ... too Twelve miles north ast of Haka.
From Haka n'a P', 13 miles, and from Hama, 14 miles {seg also Route No. 30). Hlaypa,Mun Sum.
Rmo rib. Visited in 1890-91. Was originally a Tnshon village, but was burnt by the Falam Chiefs and refounded under the proteaion d [.yen Mo <rf Haka. The Falam
dbyGoogle
Seria No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5
6 933 Lunsum ... >5 NearLoiuen, 5 miles northeast of Sho. pum. From Haka vid Lonzerti 26 miles. Kwahnia.
J?iniirJb. Undertheinflence of Vanleinof Haha. Gives presents to the Klangklsr^ Chiefs. From Haka Lunsum is best reached vid Klangklang and Shopum, about 30 miles. Road very good to Shopum and fair between Shopum and Lunsum.-
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. ,.,
Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3
4 5 6 333 Lunswe or Lunzoi. 50 Four miles west of the road to NaringffiVHripi 6 mites south of Kabon. Route No. 35A). Vat Si.
Rtmarks. Pays tribute to both Shwe Hlyen and Lyen Mo of Haka. The people are quiet and inoffensive. The village is divided into two parts, sometimes called Soipi and Soite. The people are called Yos by the Hakas and are said to have come from the wcsL
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. SituatioD. Comin uiucfttions. Name of resident Chief.
I 3 3 4 5 6 334 Mignu ... 46 Five miles south-east of Haka. On Kan Haka mule-track (see Route No. 19). Tftur^hut.
RgiHarks. Has been freauentlv viated. Not stockaded. Commanded from road.
dbjGoogle
^' N>meof vUlage. No. of bouses.
Situation. Cominuiiications^ Name of readent Chief. I 3 3 4 S 6 336 Ngapwe ... 15 Four miles north-northeast of Haka From Haka, 4 miles ...
,J^l'*"?*t~^'*dr Lyen Paung and Vanlein. Is the nearest village from which coolies an be obUmed at Haka.
Name oC village.
north' Haka.
Com m unications.
Direct from Haka or by path leading east at 8th mile from Haka on Haka- Falam muletrack.
hiif*"''*''"^'^'**' 1890-91 and 1892-93. A stockaded village, com mande.1 (r .t hS ^J. Has.ablood.feudwith thellangklang. Pa,. tribêTLl^,Sl a^J^ ^^^^^^îids. Fair campmg-ground dose to vilbge; a one ol the oMest Haka village
Direct from Haka 7 miles by the Hranhrein road, which is steep at ending (rf Nycrvar.
dbyGoogle
Ixxxviii. GAZBTTEER OF VILLAGES. Chiefs still claim an interest in ihc village and get a small amount of tribute. Is net stockaded. Fair camping^round on the south-west side of village on road to Pai. Water from wooden leads. Pays tribute to Lyen Mo and La Sin. The Falam claims over the village have been disallowed.
Communications. Name of resident Chief, I a 3 4 S 6 23P Riinte ... 30 Two miles north-east of Rimpi. As for Rimpi (m Route No. 30). KwaUng.
Rtmarks.kn offshoot of Rimpi, Pays tribute to Karr Tam of Haka. Its history is the same as that of Rimpi.
Serial No. Nam. of village. No. of houses.
Situation.
Name of re^dent Chief. 3 3 4 5 6 331 Sauntya ... 90 Twenty-three miles southwest of Haka. From Haka wd Kusa {s4e Route No. a6).also from Klangklang, 14 miles. Tinkarr.
JfM Aril. Visited in 16S9-90, in 1891-92, attd in 1893-94. Village is stockaded, except >n west-sidCjandia commended from east. Fair camping-ground for small party of troops )n west of village. Pays tribute to Lyen Mo of Haka. Sauntya and Yokwa are not vn good terms.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Si,.io. Communk^tions. Name of resident Chief. 3 3 4 5 6 333 SheiTwe ... 30 Two miles north-west of Rimpi. As for Rimpi ( Route No. 30). Hoidun.
Rimarki. Was built by permission in ift by the Tashons. Pays tribute to Lyen Mo.
c of old Shcrrwe, which was destroyed
dbjGoogle
Name of resident Chief. 1 3 + 5 6 333 Sti Bwel or FunshJ. lo
Near Lunsum From Haka via I^nzert 23miles,orb>RouteNo ig about i] miles. Hmun Hnon.
Stma'ii. Pays tribute lo Vanlein and Lasin of Haka. The water-supply is fair and there is good camping ground.
Serial Name <rf village. No. of houses. Situation. Com mun tea lions. Name of resident Chief. 1 = 3 * 5 6 34 Shumshun
50 Four miles SOUth-H-Bt of Rumklao. Prom Haka 15 miles on ilie road 10 Rumklao. Sarng He.
Remarkf. Was built in 1893 by people from Koinrr on 1 der the protection ol Lyen Mo. Visited 1894 [ good camping supply plentiful ; not siockajed ; is oommanded fioin ridge i Kotarr tins influence.
e of old Shunshun unnd near village ; waternorth-east. Nikweof
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name at resident Chief. I 3 3
4 5 6 ^35 Tipui ... 130 Fourteen miles north of Haka. Direct from Hiika or by path leaving FalamHaka mule-track at i3th mile to east. Shan Nya. Tin Tan. Sir Hnin.
Remarks. Pays tribute to both îhme Hlyen and Lyen Mo. Is slightly stockaded, but ccmmanded from the west. Good waier-supply and camping grounds. Sirhnin belongs to Minkin and collects rents for Klaeir <A Minkin, who has laml rights obtained by conquest. The people are inoitly " Lais," but there are some Shunkla families.
Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 336 Vomkwa ... 60 Fifty miles west of Hak; and 10 miles -est of Wan tu. Vi& Wanlu or from Twalam {see Routes Nos. 34 and 37). Ni Sum. Shwe Kar. Sha Du.
Rtmarks.WsAed in 1889-90 and in 1893. The village is well built of bamboo and wood, and is not stockaded except at entrances. Good campirgôund on north de of village. Pays tribute to Tatsim of Haka and is also under Klangklang influence.
Digitized by VjOOQIC
Serial No. Name of viltage. No. of houses. Situation. Communicaaons. Name of resident Chief. 1 a 3 4 5 6 337 Wantu ... 100 Fortv miles we^t of Haka on the west bank of the Nuitvar. From Haka r.d Hripi (see Routes Nos. 35 and 37).
Radun. Yd Maung. Taung Vom.
Remarks. Visited in i889-9'i and 1891-92. A particularly well-built villagewiih inftuence over surrounding country. Village is slightly stockaded, but is commanded from the we4. Water-supply scarce and pixn- camping-ground. Wantu has a dispute with Bwe about land. Tribute is paid to Shwe Hl)en c? Haka and Klangklang influence also extends to the village. The people are Lais and the land was colonized by the Shanpi family, from which Radun is descended.
Serial . No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 338 Yamtsim ...
20 Five miles north ol Rim pi on the Taction border. Via Rimpi from Haka about J8 miles. Lyenhiw.
Villases of tht Klangklang tribe
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I z 3 4 5 6 339
Klangklang. called Tantin. 150 Eighteen miles west of Haka and Iismiles east of Lunleh. The Haka-Kort Tregear mule track made in 1S90 passes through Klangklang {sit Routes No.27,aic.). Yahwit. Lalwe. Haika. Shwe Mun. LanWe. Pate.
/ffmnrij. Klangklang is the head village of the tribe and is well built and pleasantly situated on a spur facing south, lis defences are now in ruins and it is easily acceîble and presents no difficulty to attack, being commanded from a spur running parallel to the village on the east. Upon this spur a camp may be formed, but the watersupply is not good" and it is necessary to use the village supply, which is in the nullahs on the west face of the village, animals being watered at a stream to the south about half-amile distant. The chief family of the Klangklangs is the Sinza and with it all the important Chiefs are connected. Yahwit renresents the senior branch, but he i:i an old man and a drunkard and is fast being ousted by Lalwe. Of the other Chiefs Lalwe is the most satisfactory to deal with. It is hoped that in the future Lalwe, who was formerly much feared by the tribesmen, will be able to consolidate his influence and that it will be possible to recognize him as the Head Chief of the entire tribe. Lalwe married the daughter of
Shashin, a Chief of the younger branch of the Shanpi family of Haka ; and Yahwit married into Lwe Shun's family.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of bouse. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. > a 3 4 5 6 240 Bamkwa 35 Thr miles
south of Lxinler and five miles northwest of TunFrom Haka 54 miles viA Klai>gklang and Munlipi {su Route No. 33). Haimon. Dwe Da.
but is commanded from the road.
Sfjuur*! Visited in i8g3 Ha stockaded
armed in 1895. The people follow many of the Lushai cgstoms and intermarry' with people living on the west bank of the Tyao.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of Iwuses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 5
6 241 D.iwn ... 70 On the east bank of the Tyao, 1,000 ft. below the summit f the Dawn Klang. From Haka vid Klangklang and Lonler, 65 miles iste Route No. 32}. Shai Hlway. Son Hmon.
Stmarks. Visited in 1893. A miserable bamboo village strongly posted on the Dawn Klang, the ascent of which would be most difficult in face of opposition. Having once reached the summit, the villag'e is commanded^ and although stockaded offers no difliculties to attack. Village was founded by, and pays tribute to, Vahwit of Klangklang. Dawn has many blood feuds wiih Lushai and Vahow villages wbkh have arisen from attacks bv Nikwe's villagers, who commenced about 18&9 a series of raids with the intention of driving [be Dawn people southwards and occupying their country. Partially disarmed in 1895.
Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 a 3 4 S 6 a42 Faron ti Ten miles north-west of L.oncert, on road from Lonzert 1 Klangpi. From Haka viS Loniert, 29 mites. Manbar ; Vihle.
Remarks Is also under Haka influence. Pays tribute The Lonzert Chief may be efflployed to control the village.
) Hekarr of Klangklang
dbjGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 2 - 3 4 5 6 343 Funka ... JO Four miles nooh-west uf Tunzan. Half miiehy path leading
west from Tunzar-Lonler road at fourth mile from Tunzan (see Ruute No. 31). Hmunkum.
êmarit. Under Lalwe of Klangklang. U an offshoot of Tuntan and is under the inRuence of that village. Is well situated and has a fair water-supply with a good camping-ground on the Tunzan road.
Serial No. Name of village No. of houses.
Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 344 Klangpi (a villages).
. 70 Thirteen miles north -east of Lonler, n borders f Vahow country. From Haka vU Klangklang (see Route No. 36). Kye-Mmon.
not stockaded. Water scarce with fair camping-ground. The two portions are half a mile apart and Kyemon lies in the more northerly. Used formerly to carry on many blood feuds with the Yahows and Nikwekwa.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situatwn. CommunicatMfis. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5
6 245 Kiangrwa... 70 Six miles southwest of Klangklang, 35 miles west of Haka viA Kusa. 5m Route No. 33 Lalingi Shan> dun.
if^BMfif. Visited in i8gi, 189J, 1893. Was engaged in the Laawvar attack and was fined in guns in 1892 and again in 1893 for harbouring Lalwe. Is defended by circle of thick junp-le, but is commanded from Klangklang road. Laling is Lalwe's hdfbrother and village is entirely under latter's influence. Plentiful water-supply, and good campingground on north side of village.
3, Google
GAZETTEER OF VtLLACES.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Siluaiion.
Communicaiions. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 246 KJsngbo (also called Koninkw). 7 Five mites south of Twlam. From Twalam 5 miles, fair path. Konin.
Rtntorkt.la under Lalwe of Klangkiang and is also under Twalam influence. There is a good supply of water and plenty o( good campine-ground.
N...Df houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 347 Kwaha ... ,0 Six miles east of Lonler. From Lonter 6 miles by fair path. SumhaL
Rtmorks. Built of bamboo on top of spur with poor water-supply. Is Hekarr of Klangklang has influence. not stockaded. Serial No.
Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 448 Munlipi ... 5 Seventeen miles westofKIang. iIang. St$ Route No. 37 Dekarr.
Remarks. WsitcA'in 1SS9, 1891, 1S93. Wasaccidentally burnt in 1893. Was engaged in Laawvar attack and fined in guns. The new houses are badly built and viibeers show an inclinatio.i to abandon village. Is under Lalwe of Klangklang.
Campingground on spur to south. Waier-supply in village bad.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communicaiions. Name of reskient Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 349 HrUnkan ... 70 Seventeen miles west of Klangklang on the east bank of the Laawvar. S$e Route No. a?
Vanhupi MuiH teo.
Rmarlis.\\s[ied in iSg2. Was engaged in attack on the Laawvar and was fined in guns and partially destroyed in 1892, when it was shelled and occupied. Is slightly
dbyGoogle
XCIV. GAZETTEER OF VILLAGES. stockaded and has defended entrances which are now in niins. Is commanded from a ridge just beyond and west of the Laawvar. Is under Lalwe of Klangklang. Campin>;-ground on spur to north where post was held in iflga, or at stream 500 feet below the
Serial No. Name of village. No of houses. Sk nation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5
6 250 Londln ... ao Between LonlerandKlangpi. 6 miles north-east of Lonler. From Lonler 6 miles or from Klatklang vid Faron about 25 miles. Lyendum.
Rtmarkt. Visited in February 1892. Badly built village. Water-supply fair with camping-grourd available. Not stockaded. Under Hekarr uf Klangklang village. Was formerly much oppressed by the Yahows.
3 4 5 6 251 Lonler ...
Fifty-five miles east-northeast of Haka vid Klangklang and Murlipi. VU Klangklang. Stt Routes Nos. 33 and 39. NoKyo.
Rimarks. Vinted in 1892. A poorly built village on top of a spur in open country. Is commanded from knoll 100 yards south of the village and at long range from Tunran road. No Kyo is a nephew of Yahwit of Klangklang by a lesser wife. Was concerned in the attack on Lieutenant Stewart in 1888. Fair camping-ground on south of village but water-supply bad. Village is hostile to several Lushal clans. The people follow many of the Lushai customs and store thrar grain outride the village. Is under Yahwit of Klangklang.
Situation.
Name Of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 352 R&wkwa ... SO Three miles south-west of Tunian. From Munlipi by path leading west at 7th mile on road to Tunian, II miles (e Route No. 35). Sandwe ; Hron
Afmorjb. Visited in 1893, Was engaged in Laawvar attack and fined in ^ns in March 189a. Is strongly potted on a spur running out of the Tao-klang, from which side village is commanded. Water-supply bad and no good camping-ground. A camp might be formed 1 miles from village on Munlipi road at the Buvar. Is under Lalweof Klangklang.
dbyGoogle
GAZETTEER OP VILLAGES,
Serial No. Name of vilUge. No. of houses.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 253 Salen 3a Between Munlipi and Hrip), 13 miles south -w est of Twalam. From Klangklang via
Twalam 31 miles. From HnkawdHripi4'> miles {sei Route No. 34). Lyenkum.
Remarts.Wshedm iSSgund i8gJ. Not stockaded. VilUsfcissometimes called Shankal. Camping-ground i mile to south of village; irwd water-supply, also above village on road to Vomkwa. Lyenkum is .'i brother of Yareng of Kotair and the village is thus infloenced by Haka. There is a dispute about land between Salen and Hripi.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 35+ Shimu ...
15 Five miles simth-east of Tuniaii. From Haka vin Shopum, 37 miles. Sit Route No. Hlwen Tan.
Remarks Visited in 1892. Water-supplvbadand no camping-ground. Troops should camp on Tingvar, a miles below village. Village is under Vahwit.
Serial No. Name of village. No of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of reskient Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 *55
Shopum ... 30 Ten miles west of Klangklang. From Haka via Lonzert, sw Route No. 29. From miles. Turn Klingj Namhfti.
Remarks. Visited in 1889 and 1891. Was strongly stockaded on north-west side bj' a double stockade and loop-holed gale, and the sides are protected by a bamboo and branch fence, but all fortifications are now in ruins. The village is on a narrow spur with steep sides ; should be attacked from south, on which side it is weakly defended. Water very scarce, but there is plenty of good camping-ground. '1 he village is under Yahwit of Klangklang.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of No. o houses. Situation. Communications. Name of
resident Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 as6 Tao 80 Fifty miles from Haka above Fort Tregear road. Se Routes Nos. 37, 38 and 37. NgaPoL
Remarla. Visited first in 1889 and frequently since. Was enîagcd in attack on Laawvar and was fined in iûns in [Sgz; wasaâin fined in 1893 for harbouring Lal-e. There is a large camping-ground 2\ miles Irom village on the Haka rv^d, and from here ascent to village is difficult. Village slightly xtocKaded ; valer-s'^pply bd. Small camping-ground j mile below village. Tao is under Lalwe of Klangklang. Their are three small cultivation vilUges near Tao, hich are not permanent, the people sometimes living' in Tao and sometimes in these villages. Vomldang is the largest and is 3 miles west of Tao.
Serial Nq.
Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 S 6 -as? Tunzan .. 70 Twelve miles north of Munlipi. From Haka flit Lonzcrt, 37 miles. Set Routes Nos. 33 and 39. Sandun.
Remarkz. Visited in 1889 and 1S93. Is a wretched bamboo village, built on a saddle, with water-supply in null.nhs below. Slightly stockaded; commanded from road from
Munlipi. Best camp on the Bovar, / miles from village on Munlipi road. Tunzan was eiigaged in raid on Lieutenant Stewart in i683 and in the Laawvar attack. Village 6nedand partially destroyed in 1893. Is under Lalwe of Klangklang. There is a fair camping-ground 400 yards to the north of the village facing east.
Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 358 T way lam,. , 60 Eight miles west of Klangklang. On Haka-Fort Irege^ road. Sm Route No.
27. Wunkarr.
^marit.-^Vi sited first in 1889 and frequently since. Was engaged in the Laawvar attack and was fined in guns in 1893. Is sligh'tly stockaded, but commanded from the road. Good camp at stream below village. Wunkarr is Lake's uncle. Disarmed in 1695. Stockades are now in ruins.
dbjGoogle
GAZETTEER OF VILLAGES. Villages oftke Yokva Tribe.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief I a 3 4 5 6
359 Yokwa ... 170 Twenty- nine miles southsout h e a 3 1' of Haka and 13 miles north-east of Thetta. One mile to the south of the Kan-Haka muletrack, with which it is conneiced by neveral fair Chin paths. 5b Routes Nos. I9and46.) Ratyo, Kokle; ShBchlaing but the following also find place In the village council : Shabut, Tiiêhmon, Hran Seo, Yakap, Taung^so, Shansi.
Rtmarhi. Yokwa is the chief village of the tribe. It is fairly well-built on the side of a spur facing north. Water is plentiful and there is a good camping ground just beiow the village on the north-east side. The village was fcirmerly heavily stockaded, but the fortifications are now in ruins and the village is commanded from the south and at long range from the mule-track on the north side of the Yokwa stream, which is one of the sources of the Nanparhi. Yokwa gels but little tribute From its smaller villages, but collects a somewhat large land'tax. which is paid to individual chiefs and not to the "Ywa Bon." The latter cannot be said to have much influence, but the tribesmen are peaceful and appear to be able to settle thdr own affairs. The Yokuas feebly resisted the approach of the ChinLushai expedition and ^ve some trouble along the road in 1891. The Yokwas are now ongood terms with the Burmans. and bv Frequent intercourse with them have
become In a way more civilized than the other tribes. All the Yokwa villages are of the ordinary
They are considered a degraded race and their customs are certainly more filthy and repulsive than those of any other Chitis. It has sometimes been asserted that they are of the same race as the Kaiisi-Lopa people and some of their traditions wouki appear to bear out this supposition.
Serial Na Name of village. No. of houses Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 260 Faron,90me. times called Sawvar.
30 On Kan-Haka mule-track, a miles north of Raw van. Stt Route No. 19. The mule-track runs along thesldeoF the village. Hran HIel ; Humbe.
/ffMiirif. Has been frequently visited. Is m and plenty of ground sui ' ' of Yokwa. The village
.. ,- J : stockaded. There is n fair water-supply and plenty o^ground suitable tor camping. Is especiaily under the influence of Shabu "" " s accidentally burnt in 1893, but has been rebuilt.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village . No. of houses. Situation.
Name ol resident Chief. I
3 3 4 5 6 261 Hroi^winKawvar. 40 Five miles north-east of Rawvan. From Haka viJ Rawvan 35 miles or vi4 Sinkwa 30 miles. Yaden.
Rtmarks. Visited in 1893-93. Kawvar isan ofishoot of Hrongnin, about t mile from ills enthrelv under Vokwa influence. Is not stockaded. Water-supply and camping-ground good. RaIwe,son of Te Rwe, a minor Chief of Hrongwin, was hanged for murder at Haka in 1S93. ShabuC has most influence.
Situation. Communications. Name of re,idenl Chief. 1 a 3 4 1 363 Lamtok ... 30 Fivemiles south-east of Rawvan. From Rawvan 'hy road leading soutJj from muletrack, 5 miles. Sawkarng.
Rtmarks.W^teA in 1889, when it was destroyed as being the nearest village lo the place where Lieutenant Foster was shot. The inhabitants are called Torrs by the Haka, Chins and are of the same race as the ChinmU. Is chiefly under the influence of Nonseo of Vokwa. The road from Gangaw to Itaiitvan paasesthrough Lamtok. Water plentiful ; good camping-ground.
Serial No.
Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 363 LongUng or Longrang. 10 Fourmilea south of Vokwa. From Yoltwa 4 miles and from Thetta lo miles. Va-ryit. Rtmarki.~'T\ie village is under both Vokwa and Thetta influence. There is a bloodfeud between Longtang and Bondwa. Tinghmon eats village. Not stockaded ; water plentiful ; good camping-ground.
Serial No. Name of village No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resklentCihef. 1 3 3 4 5 6 264 Lui^po ... "^r Eight miles south of RawFrom Vokwa 15 miles.
Jfnia-fa. Permission ti It is under ihe protection of Seo Pwa, wlio oy
le land upon whicfa it is to be builL
dbyGoogle
Serial Name of village. No. of houses. SitnaUon. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 ^5 Mesum ... ao Seven mites east of Raw-
From Rawvan 7 miles by good path. TangBoijHra Eir, Ktmarks.Was buUt by permission in 1893. la nnder Ralyo of \okwa. Only 15 houses have as yet been built. Water h scarce ; camping-ground ot good. Serial No. Name of villê. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 366 Pomlan ... 30 Four miles
south of Rawvan. 5 Route No. 31 K-ok.
Semarks. Has been frequently visited Is slightly stockaded, but is commanded from the north. Camping-pround near village is good. Is under the "Vwa Bon" of Yokwa. There is a quarrel between Pomlan and Kapi. Is commanded from all side3 except on souih-west. The Chin track from Rawvan to Pomlan was improved by us in cSga aod is still open for mule transport.
Name of resident ChHiT. a 3 4 S 6 367
Pyalon ... 30 Eight miles north-oastby eastofHrongwin. From Yokwa 18 miles Sanhnon. J?)Mrt. Was boilt by permisaon in 1893. Under the protection of Ting Hmon ot Yokwa. Water plentiful with good camping-grOund. Serial No. Name of villê. No. Of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 368
Rawta or Maika. 35 Three miles south east of Sinkwa. From Haka via Sinkwa 15 miles. Fair path. Yu-ja.
supply and camping-ground plentiful. Pays le ol Y'okwa and Lyen Paung of Haka have
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3
* 5 6 969 Rawvan ... 40 On the KanHaka muletrack, 8 miles south-east of Yokwa. 5m Route Na 19 Tan-tsin.
Rtmarhs.~ls adjacent to the standinfjcamp. Is not stockaded and is commanded from the north and west. Is under the influence of the " Vwa Bon " of Yokwa. The peo> pie are Chinm^s and are closely allied to Lamtok. They are called " Toirs " by the " Lais" and are despised by all other Chins.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communication. Name of
resident Chief. t a 3 4 5 6 370 Sinkwa ... 60 Thirteen miles east of Haka. Thirteen miles from Haka on Chin path to Chaungqwn;fair road with water at 8ih mile. Von Brr; Run Non.
Remnris. Visited in iEt<)u-gi. IssUghily Blockaded, but is commanded from the Haka path. Water-supply good and small campmg-ground inside the stockade On west side t ..;n..r... ! Kp inflnf-ncp n[ Vnlcwa is not greaL The village pays tribute to Ratyo of
Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 371 Tinam ... 50 Three miles souihofRaw van. By path leading south from mule-track. Yan Hie.
i? mo r ft J. Visited in 1892^)3- Is a well-built village, slightly stockaded. Watersupply plentiful and fair camping-ground. Is under the " Ywa Bon " of Yokwa.
No. of houses. Situation.
Name of readent Chief. , 3 3 4 5 6 272 Vanklan^.., 30 Eight miles east of Rawvan. From Yokwa, 15 miles... Hrankwe.
J?eflr**. Permission was given to found this village in 1891 and it was finished in 1893. Is under the protection of Seopwa of Yokwa. Only 15 houess have been builtWater supply plentiful with good camping-grounds.
dbyGoogle
Independent villages.
Serial No. Name of village. Naof houses. Situation.
3 4 S a a73 Aika (Yotun) 130 Ten miles south of Shurkwa. From Haka S3 miles. 1 i. Tumsea From Gangaw via Ho- a. Vatkwe. Uw ( Route No. 43). |
Stinartt. Village is stockaded and has strongly defended entrances on the north side ; is commanded from the Shurkwa road and from the east. Small camping-ground 3uo yards south of village on Lotaw road and large camping-ground at stream ^ mile further soulh. Aika has much influence. Tumseo is connected with the Chiefs of Kapi and Shurkwa by marriê. Tawnlan was founded by Vatkwe, who has influence over that villê. Shurkweot Aika can speak Burmese. Village was partially disarmed in 1895. A small amount of rice is grown.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Sta.i.n. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 274 Belai (Yotun),
5 Seven miles north-west of Lungno. Set Route No. 44.
Kemarks.A group of houses under the Lungno Chiefs, who are responsible. Serial No. Name of village. Naof houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 "75 Bondwa (Ui).
30 Ten miles south-east of Thetu. See Route Na 19, stage 19. Road is fair, distance about 12 miles. 1. Vandwe. 2. Bweseo.
Rtmarks.la under the influence of Yokwa and to a lesser extent that of Thetta. Is indifferently stockaded. Water is scarce and there is no good camping-ground. Vandwe, married the sister of Tiding of Haka and is thus connected with the Haka families. The Bondwa* were fcM'merly much addicted to raiding in Bumia and have a bad reputation.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 a 3
4 5 6 376 Daid i n (Yotun). 15 On the borders of the Chinmfe country, three marches south-east of Lonswa. From Gangaw md Thanbya, 35 miles. From Haka via Lungno, 120 miles. The infant son of Kensat
^(flinnt J. Village is stockaded and has a blood feud with the ChJnmis, by whom it was attacked in 1843 when four men were killed, among them Kensat, whose widow has now the most influence in the village. Several of the people understand Burmese.
dbyGoogle
No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 a77 D asti m (Shinlang) 8 On the Myittha i8 miles south-east of Nabon. From Tonwa vid Pangvar and Nabon, three marches. Vakura.
of construction {i394}. Is an offshoot of Tonwa.
Serial
No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief, I 2 3 4 5 6 278 H a n t a (Shunkla). 8o Thirty -nine miles eastnorth-east of Haka. From Haka (< Ro o t e No. ). From Falam (m Routes Nos. 34. 40. and 41). NikaiT.
Remarks. Village was destroyed in 1889 as a punishment for raiding Sihaung and was again punished in 1890 for a raid on Faron A post was held at Hanta during 1893, but has since been withdrawn. The village is commanded by the mule-track which pastes -through the top of the village. Lyen Mo of Haka has influence and the Tashona claim authority over the village. The people were formerly much addicted to raiding the small villages near Sihaung,
Serial No. Namerf village. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 379 Hringtan (Yotun). 50
Four miles south -sout heast of Rawywa. From Rawywa 4 miles by a difficult road. Taungftn. Water-supply bad. Was punished in 1893 for joining the Rawywas b opposing troops. fs entirely under the influence of the Rawywa Chiefs. Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situatbn. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 2 3 4 5 6 380 Kaboi (Yo-
7 South of the Myittha, 4 miles sosth of Londwa. From Londwa 4 mike. Tanbaiog.
, JffHKints. An oflshoot of Londwa, founded in 1S94 by Mun Hai's family. Is entirely iidider the inBitencc of LondwiL
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Nameof vUlage. No. of houses. Situatkm.
Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4
5 6 a8i Ka i I u n g (Yotun). 30 Eleven mi 1 e s north-west of Lung no. Set Route No. 44 Lyetisoi. S*marJis.Not well stockaded. Good camping-ground below village on fair-Mzod rtream. la tributary to Lungno. Partially disarmed (1895). Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3
4 5 6 283 Kapi (Lat). 170 Six miles south of Thetta. J Routes Nos. 23 and 46. Rathu. Lyenkum. Lyonhrang.
Rtmarks. Is an important village with much influence. Is protected by a fence and is ONninanded by the road from Thetta and at Longrang from the Shurkwa road. Fair camping-ground below the villae'e on the Shurkwa road with large stream ^ mile below the camp. Rathu is brother-in-law to Nunseo, Chiefof Paipa, and Lyenkum is betrothed to the daughter of Rungto of Kotarr. Kapi had feuds with Thetta and tClangklan^ aMd> even now (1 B94) the Kapis will not go into the Klangklang country although they will goas far as Wantu and Bwe. Wanhnauk can speak Burmese. Rathu is the most useful man to wOik with. A few Kapi houses have removed to Shingtan, 3 miles to the east.A quantity of bill rice is grown. Partially disarmed [ 1895),
Situatbn.
Name of resident Chief. 1 2 3 4 5 6 rt3 Kwahia n g (Uwtu). 180 Four miles east of Naring. .S^# Route No. 44 Nikon.
Ktmartt. Village is buih on a very steep site and communicatioii inside the village is difficult. Is stockaded on the Naring aide and is commanded from the road from Longraing. ThR is no good camping-ground near the village, but it is possible to camp along the road to Naring about ) mile from the village, water in small quantities being found in soaks. Nikon's mother was a Haka girl and his family understand the Haka dialMt. The villagers do not trade with Burma, Was partially disarmed (1895).
dbyGoogle
GAZETTEER OF VrLLAGES.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Nameot rendent Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 284 Londwa (Yoton). 60 T went V miles souths u t h-east ot Lotaw on left bank f Myiltha.
From Lotaw by bad path, 30 miles. From Lungno H miles, road fair. From H a k a vid Shurkwa, Tonwa, Fangvar, and Nabon, seven marches. Hmunhai.
Rtmarks. Is stockaded, but presents r
Tonwa, Lungno, and other villages and formerly paid blackmail to the Hakas. V Bupply plentiful with good camping-grounds. Hmunhai is related to the Chiefs of andKapi. Village may be reached from Minywa in four marches eid Sabe. Pai
difficulty to attack. Is on bad terms with WalerAika Partially
Serial No. Name 0! village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of n^dent Chief. I 3 3
4 S 6 385 Long rang (Shinlan)f ISO Tenmllessouth From Shurkwa, crossing of Paipa on Boinu six limes, 5 miles, west bank of from Gangaw. Stt Route the Boinu. No. 44. HlwayHmon. Kwa Hon.
Jlemarh.A fairlv well built village but slightly defended, difficult of access from ihe east, but commanded from Ihe west and from the Kwahiang road. Good cam ping -ground in cultivation to south-west of village. Water-supply plentiful. The Chiefs are related to Chiefs of Shurkwa and Kapi by marriage. Partially disarmed (1895}.
Serial No. Name of village. No. erf houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I
3 3 4 5 6 386 Lotaw (Yotun). 140 A thousand feet above the Titivar, to miles south of Aika and 50 west of Gangaw. From Haka Route Nos. 33 and 43, from Gangaw < Route No. 45Taunglyen Kwa Sn. Ta Kum,
Remarks. Village has stockaded gateways, but is otherwise only protected by a hedge. Is commanded from the Tonwa road, where there is a good campingground with ' plenty of water adjacent to the village fence. A pcet was held opposite Lotaw above the stream in l8g3. Mun Tain g, the son of Kwa Sin, was killed m the engagement at Shurlcwa in 1893. Village was fined in guns in l894for raiding the Chinnics. Lotawis unfriendly with Lungna Partially disarmed in 1895.
dbyGoogle
Sena) No. Name of inline. No. of houses. Situatm.
Name of resident Chief. t a 3 * 5 6 387 Lungno (Yotun). 300 Eighteen and a. half miles south of Lotaw. Stt Routes Nos. 45 and 44, also fromTilin vid Sinsit, five marches.
Kwa Tin, Ya Lut,Ra Ken (son of Kwa Tin).
Rimarh.la not stockaded and is commanded at long range from the Lotaw road. Good camping-ground below village, with plentiful water-supply. Kwa Tin is old and Ya'Lut isnowthemost imponant Chief and istiie best to work with. NingPo,oneaf Ya Lut's men, speaks Burmese. Visited and dlsanned partially in 1895. Lunkaw, Wetwi, Kailung,Tenshi, Belai,and to a lesser extent Shempi, are under Ya
Serial Na Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. CfOmmun ications. Name of resident Chief. t 3 3 4 S S aS8 Lunhaw (Lai).
30 Fourteen miles south of Thetta. Ste Route No. 23- The Lunhaw road leaves at 3 miles from Thetta, descends to Rivar and runsup steeply to village RaSutn.
Rtmaris. Not stockaded ; with bad water-su[ under the influence of both Vokwa and Thetta. Thetta. Parti^ly disarmed in 1895.
Name of redent Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6
989 Lu n k y i n (Votun). 50 On the west bank of the Boinu, 1,500 feet a b V e the river opposite Aika. From Aika 3 miles. Stt Route No. 45Arnnan.
Stmarks.A poor village without influence. Has stockaded gateway and is fenced. The people are timid and keep much to themselves, Mun Kon of Shurkwa has influence. Water-supply food, with camping-ground on the north-west side on the road to Kwahrang. Partially disanned in 1895.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Commnnications.
Name of resident Chief. 1
3 4 5 6 ago Lunta (Shintang). 70 Fourtecr miles north-east of Tonwa. 5 Route No. 43 for Tonwa, road on is fair path, distance 14 miles ; also from Gangaw in two marches. Ko Twin; -Mang Nyai.
Rtmarks. Only stockaded at gateways. Water-supply bad ; camping-ground befow the village on the east side. Small amount o( rice available. Is under the influence of Tonwa, and formerly paid blackmail to Shurkwa and Yokna.
Serial No. Name of
village. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 391 Mawkwa (Shintang). 30 Five miles northwest of Lunta. See Route No. 43 for Tonwa, from which Mawkwa is reached in two marches via Lunta; path ditUcult. Kong Min.
SenMrkf.A very poor village, formerly much oppressed by the larger clans. Is badly L ... .- ._T J __j ..._.__ ;^pp[y fgjj. f(g( stockaded; may be dealt with
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 3 3 4 5 6 393 NabAn (Yotun) '5 Sixteen miles south of Pangnorth of Londwa. From Haka Old Tonwa and Pangvar. 7 marches.
Twan Wak.
dbjGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. > = 3 4 5 6 393 Naring ktang". (6) KqI u n (Uwtu).
150 130 In the loop of ihe Boinu, 5a miles souih-E u t h west of Haka. See Routes Nos. 25, aâ and 36. Lyen Dun. Run Nur.
Remarks. Village is divided into two parts by a ravine, the weslem portion being called Lawnklang and the southern Kolun. Is the most important village south of llaka. Is strongly posted; the approaches are fortified with deep ditches and riflepits, while the village has heavy stockading near gateways. Is best approached by the Haka road, to the east of *hich the stockading is poor, and from which part the villag Water-supply is very bad, but a camp may be formed near the northern gatew water i mile away on iheKabon road. Run Nur is brother-in-law to Lyenpaung a while Lyendun (s connected with the Wantu Chiefs. Partially disarmed in 1895.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I "
3 4 5 6 294 Paipa (Shintang). 90 Onlhe west bank of the Boinu, 30 miles south of Haka, 1,500 ft. abo\'e the river. From Haka via Dolinpacamp wiouie No 33ifroinShurk. wa 6 miles and from Mongrang 10 miles. NunSeo. Kim Mon.
Remarks. Partially stockaded and best approached from KaoA camping-ground near the village. Is (o a small extent u Ilwe of Kotarr, who is Nun Seo's father-in-law. There is a small cane bridge, over which one man can pa Bcnnu below the village. Partially disarmed in 1895.
Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 395 Paizon (Shintang). 20 On the west bank of the B i n u opposite Shurkwa.3miles See Route No. 23 ... Tan Si.
Remarks. Pa.\ian was in olden times the most important village in the south, but two fenerations ago it was attacked ana destroyed by the Hakas, and the people then founded hurkwa and Paipa. There is plenty of water and good camping-ground beiow the village, whence Shurkwa was shelled at 4,000 yards range in 1891. Partially disarmed in 1895-
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. Naof houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 i 3 4 5 6 296 Panguar (Shintang). +0 Sixteen miles east of LoWw, 5 miles south of Tonwa.
Sta Roule No. 42 for Tonwa. Path from Tonwa is good and crosses several streams; distances miles. Van Rum.
Remarks. Is not stockaded. Fair camping'ground above the village on the Lntaw
lagers speak Burmese.
Partially disarmed in 189s
Serial Na Name of village. Naof houses. Situation. CommunicatJons. Namectf resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6
397 Rawa(Votunl 30 On the s u t h bank of the Myittha, 16 miles south-east of Lungno. From Lungno 16 miles and from Gangaw, viA Thanbya, 5 MangLyen.
Ramarks. Is not stockaded. Water supply fair, but cam ping-ground indifferent. Was founded by the relations of Yatkwe of Aika about ten years ago. Partially disarmed in 1895. Mang Lyen b related by marriage to the Thetta Chief.
Seriiil No. N>meoI Naof houses. Situation. Communications. Name of teadent Chief. 1 " 3
4 5 6 ^98 Rawva (Yolun] 40 Six miles south of Naring, crossmg t h e B<Hnu. Su Roale No. 96 ... YoTung. Da Sim.
Remarks. Well situated and slightly stockaded. Water-supply good with fair camping-ground below the village on the Naring road. Is under the influence of Rawywa and Naring. Da Sim is conneaed with the Naring Chief Run Nur by mairiage. Partially disarmed in 1895.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of villê. No. of houses. Situation.
Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 399 Rawywa (Yotun). iSo Eleven miles south <rf Naiing St Routes Nos. 36 and 44Da Kum. KwaSom. He Sin.
Remarks. An important village and formerly had much influence. Was disarmed and severeiy- punished in 1894 for an attack on a party from Naring. Da Kum was imS-isoned with his father Hnawsein, who in attempting to escape died of starvation, whil a Kum was recaptured and released in 1895 on payment of 50 guns. Village is stockaded on the north face and is best approached through the cultivation on the north-west road from Rawva Cam ping -ground with plenty of water below the village on the Satawu road or immediately atwve the centre village using village leads.
Serial Na Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 S 6 300 Rumshe (Yotun). 30 Six miles southwest of Rawywa From Rawywa, 6 miles c r s s in g stream 30 feet broad fair road. TaSea
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 S 6 301 Sanguar (Lai) 10 Between Lunta and Burma. From Gangaw itl miles, and bom Ton. wa in two marches. Tang Ling.
>?marH Founded five years ago by Kapi and Lunta ; slightly stockaded. There is plenty of camping-ground, but water-supply is limited. Tonwa Chiefs have influence; Partially disarmed m 1895,
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. <rf houses. Situation. CommunicaticHis. Name of resident Chief. 3 3 4 S 6 30a Satawn (Yo 60
Eighteen miles east of Lotaw on road to Raw. ywa. Stt Route No. 44 ... Taiso.
Stmeris. A poorly built village, stockaded at gateways on north-east face. Is commanded by the road from Lotaw. Fair cam ping -ground with water from village ; water leads above the \illage on the Ravva road, also at stream i mile below the village. Tatso is related to .Munkon of ShuHcu-a. The village is sometimes called Taungshaung, whkh is the Burmese name. Panialiv disamied in 189s
SctUI ' Name of No. vii;ag*. No. of houses.
Communications. Name of resident Chief. . 3 4 5 fi 3v'J Swihi(Yo(un)
10 Three miles west of Rawywa. From Rawywa crossing s.r^m, 15 feet wide, fair road, 3 miles. Ya Kwit.
fttmnrit, Entirely under the influence of Rawywa; is not stockaded and has a good a1eMu(>l^1.v 1 good camping-ground on nonh of the village.
NAmeof villKKC. No of houses. Situation.
Name of resident Chief. a 3 4 5 6 '%hitiinw (Yw>5 Six miles south of Rawywn.
From Rawyw acrossing se\-era streams, path not good, 6 miles. EngKyin.
rti, t'lidrr Ranyw.-*. Pixwly built village, slightly stockaded. Has fairwaterKll .i|t< ! -.t-r)> mid llicrr is nn gixtd camping-ground.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Nameol village No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of ' resident Chief. t 2 3 4 5 6
305 Shempi (Yotun). 60 Four miles northeastofLungno, 17 miles south of Lotaw. By the Lungno-Lostaw road 15 miles ; (we Route No. 13) ; thence by path leading south-east, 3 miles. Ain Ton. UKya.
Remarks. !s stockaded, but is commanded at long range from the Lotaw road. Water-supply plentiful with plenty of good cam ping- ground. Is influenced by the Lungno Chiefs. Partially disarmed in 1895. There is a great deal of trading between Shem[M and Burma.
Serial Na Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief.
I 3 3 4 5 6 306 Shiriclai (Yotun). "50 Six miles westnorth-west of Lotaw. From Lotaw 5 miles. St Route No. 44. Maung Baw Taing Baing.
Remarks A well built and well-to-do village. accessible from the south-west Good camping-ground the village and small camping-ground on west face Baing speaks Burmese and b a useful man for work in 1893.
Is not stockaded and is easily on laiê stream, i mile below i^mg v.llagewaier leads. Taing the south. Panially disamed m
Situatron. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 307 Shir sh i (Yoiun). lO Two miles east of Satawn on road to Shirklai. See Route No. 44 Munpu.
ffenwiffe*. Not stockaded. A poor and ut on Satawn road with indiffetenl water-supply.
mporiant village. Small camping-ground
I ov Google
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chiefs. t a 3 . S 6 308 S h u rg nen (Uwtu). 150 Five miles south-east of Aibur.
Su Route No. a6 Hwon Mong. Tai Kok.
' Stmarks. A poor village on a very steep utc. Heavily stockaded and difficult of access from the north, but undefended on the south. The road from Haka commands the village. Camp at stream below village on road to Aibur is confined and much commanded and road from it up to village is impassable to animals. The villager never visit Burma and know nothing of the country round them. Partially disarmed in 1895. There are some curious legends attached to Shurgnen about the previous viut <A a white army.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situatioa Commtuications. Name of esident Chiefii. I a 3 4 5 6
309 Shurkwa (Shintang). aoo Forty miles south of Haka. Sit Routes Nob. aa, 23, and 43. Munkon; Lyen
Ktmarks. Strongly posted village, but commanded by the road from Haka. Northern entrance heavily stockaded. Southern portion of village undefended. Village may be flanked on the western face. Surrendered after resistance in tSpo-gi. Attacked a party of troops in l8pa and suffered a severe defeat. Three-fourths of the village was burnt during the action, Vitang, one of the Chiefs, killed, and Munkon, the other, captured. Munkon was imprisoned and ransomed for 50 guns in 1894. No good camping-ground near the village, where water is very scarce. . A camp may be formed on grassy spur amongst pine-trees i mile west of the village, with water 300 feet below in nullahs on north-east face. There is a good camping-ground ai miles from the village on the road to Tonwa. Partially disarmed in 1895.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 S 6 310 Sinsit (Yotun). 30 Five tniles south of ... From Lungno md Rawa, two marches by fair path, or from Gangaw tid Tanbya, 35 miles. SaRawk.
Semarit. Slightly stockaded. The water-supply is very limited. Good ground for camping below the village. The Kapi Chiefs have influence. Many of the villagers peak Burmese.
dbyGoogle
Name of rcMdent Chief. I 2 3 4 5 6 311 Tangaw 150 Four miles north of Naring. From Naring 4 miles, good path, or from Shurkwa via Paiton, ao miles ; fair path. Taung Lyng.
}t stockaded, except at gateway, on western face. . ! the village is commanded. Campingground on the north side with plenty of water. Taung Lyng is related to Yathlwe of Kotarrj Nikwe of Kotarr has also influence. Partially disarmed in 1895.
Remarks. Is Strongly posted, but is no Is best approached by the Paizon road, ^
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 3" TawUng (Yotun).
6 Eighteen miles south-west of Lungno. From Lungno crossing high range, 18 miles, or from Rawywa 15 miles. Kai Yaung.
Rtmaris,Wa& formerly a villê t some 30 houses, but continued attacks by the Chinmis have caused many people to leave the site. Is under the influence of the Aika
l^hinmSs tiave caused manv people ti .Chiefs. Partially disarmed in 1895.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. ffituation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4
S 6 3i Tenshi (Votun). 30 Twenty miles south of Lungno. From Lungno crossing Myiltha, ao miles, and from Tilin in five marches. LoBwa.
Rtmapks. Is not stockaded. Good camping-grounds with plenty of water. Has )lood feuds with the Chinm^s. Is under the Lungno Chiefs.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. ^ B
3 4 5 6 3U Thetta (UL) 180 Eighteen miles south of Haka. See Routes Nos. 33, 31, 46. Ban Dun, Van Dun (WuB Dwin), Tan LingtirKwe.
Jiemarki.\'A\aae was formerly of much importance. Successfully resisted troops in 1 890, but afterwards surrendered. Was totally disarmed in 1895. Iê approaches from
dbyGoogle
GAZETTEER OF VILLAGES. heavily stockaded, but the east face of the village is unguarded. Vil.. .. jded by artillery fire from Malta road and also from spur to the west. A camp fora small force may be made above village with limited water-supply in nullahs ( A large force should camp immediately below the village. Rai "
been appointed Chief by Government. A small a
= .is called Shfikta by the Hakas.
It of rice is available. The village
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. ComraunicatioiiB. Name of resident Chief. 1 a 3 4 5 6 3>5 T o nw a (Shiniang). 140 Fifteen miles south-east of Shurkwa. Sit Route No. 42
Nun Kon, Sa Boi, Tir Kaw.
Renuxrki. Not stockaded and is commanded by the road from Lotaw. The watersupply is bad, but a small camp can be formed inside Che village between two small wells. A laige force should come on wesuside of village on top of narrow spur between two small Streams. A small amount of rice available. Several of the villages speak Burmese. Formerly paid blackmail to the Yokwas whose claims to the land have been disallowed. Partially aisarmed in 1895. Is sometimes called Dongvar.
Name of resklent Chief. I a 3 * 5 6 316 Vanhna (Lai).
100 Seventeen miles eastofHaka. See Route No. ao ...' Van Hnyin.
Retiuirtx.la defended by a fence and is commanded from a spur to the east of the village which may be reached from the Haka road, and which forms a good campingground with a plentitur water-supply. The villagers formerly produced ironwork but the industry is dying out as trade with Burma increases. There is a small ropebridge across the Nanpathi, below Vanhna, on the road to Firthi. The Burmese call the village Wunhla.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of . resident Chief. I a 3 4
5 6 3'7 Wetui (Yotun). 15 Six'miles northwest of LungFrom Lungno 6 miles by good path. YaSum.
jewnorft. Not stockaded. Water-supply plentiful with fair camping-ground. Under the influence of Ya Lut <^ Lungno.
dbyGoogle
Thado or Kuki villages belonging to Maaipur and lying immediately north of the Chin liills. I. Bwankwa ... .,. ... 40 a. Lormpi . . ... ... 70 3. Kainioi . ... ... ... fa 4. Kobaw ... .., , , 6 5. Kwunkam ... ... ... 50 6. Kwunum ... ... , %} 7. Nawshel , ... ... 35 8. Saivum ... .,. . .,. 40 g. Shimwel ... ... ... jo iO. Sinnum ... ... , 30
II. Twelbung ... ,., ... 10
dbjGoogle
Sîal No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Commnnicatwns. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 31B Bwa n k w a or Lunya. 40 On south of plain of
Manipur. Stt Routes Nos. a find 3 Vum Ka. Shuim.
Remarks. People Thadosof Mang Vum family. Village tributary to Lormpi. Chief is brother of the Lormpi Chief. Elevation Is 4.10D feet, 2 miles west cf village, a,ooo feet drop to bed of Manipur village. Walet insufficient for large party at village. Kana stream 3 miles north -north -west of village in plains. Village lies on hills immediately above Manipur plain. Bwankwa to Shuganu is ai miles north. Uttle rice procurafJê at village. Village commanded from high ground on the north. The Chiefs of the following villages are Drother?, Bwankwa, Lormpi, Twelbung, Shimwel, and Sinnum. Bwankwa surrendered eiglit guns at Tiddim in 1894.
Serial No. Name of village. Naof houses. Situation. Communications. Name of residem Chief.. I 2 3 4
5 6 319 Lormpi or Monlbee. 70 On south of plain of Manipur. Stt Route No. 3 NuIshuR.
iêm.irii. People Thados of Mang Vum family. Nulshnn rules, besides Lormpi, Bwankwa, Kwunum, Shimwel, Twelbung, Sinnum, and Kobaw. Village lies 13 miles due east of Howbi peak and 6 miles west of crest of the Tang range. Water plentiful. Elevation 5,000 feet Village is reached from the Tapai (Chakpi) river in ij hours. Village strongly placed and difficult to carry without loss. Due north and close by is the Orlu peak, a prominent feature. From the village, Saivum, Nawshel, Shimwel, Bwankwa, and Kobaw are seen. Village called Mombee by Manipuris. Village is repeatedly mentioned in early chapters of this volume. Lormpi surrendered 14 guns at Tiddim in 1894.
Communications. Name of resident Chiel. I a 3 4 5 6 330 Kainzoi ... 60 East of Tang range; il miles west of Wituk i n Kabaw. By Chin path from Wituk, orfromHiaiizan,(>rfrom Lormpi Tonglin.
Remarks. People Thados of the Vun Tarn and Vun Lu families. Closely related to Hianzan village. Village subordinate to Manipur. Village lies 18 miles west of Wituk in the Kabaw valley. No water on road between Kainzoi and foot of hills on Wituk road. Village lies north of the Tuivang stream, which enters Burma at Auktaung and south of the Tuidim or Tiddim, which enters Burma at Wituk. Headmati speaks Manipuri. Village surrendered 14 guns to Chin officials in 1894. Set Route No. 6 to Lenacot, Route 7 to Hianzan, then ascend Molbem peak, and cultivatioiu surrounding village are viable to north-east
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of hoimes. Situation.
Nam* o( resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 331 Kobaw ... 6 North-east of Lormpi. Chin path bom Lormpi...
Pow Shun.
Remarks. People Thados subordinate to Nulehun of Lormpi and tributary to Mani?ir. Village vi^le from Lormpi lying to the north-east. Surrendered one gun at iddim in 1894.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. CommunicBtioiis. Name of resident Chief. 1 a 3 4 5 6 333 Kwnnkam... SO
Westof Kamioi on eastern ^pe of Tang. From Wituk 18 Allies to Kainzoi west a n d 6 miles west to village, or by Chin path from Lormpf. Savum.
ffewitrij. People Thados of Vam Lu family. Water obtained from ffata--)ioles oiify at the village. Village lies west of Kainzoi, at a distance of 6 miles. The Kainzoi and Kwunkam cultivalions touch each other and between the two villages the Tuidim and Ompalui streams are crossed. Paddy is grown by both villages. Sa^'um formerly lived at Dimpi near ff ianzan ; he is a fat old man and claims that his father accompanied Captain Pemberton on his tours in 1834. His ancestors lived at "Panchin," the group of five villages icnown as Pinsin to the Shans.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. ' Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4
5 6 333 Kwunum and Linkang. 37 Eight and half miles by road from iJenacot north. Ste Route No. 2. Along the road from Lenacot to Manipur for 61 miles and then 3 miles east and a little south. Village on kana stream. Man Sun and Man Shim.
Remarks. People Thados, tributary to Manipur and subordinate to Nulshun of Lormpi. Village until 1892 was on main road to Manipur. It has now been shifted 3 miles east on to the headwaters of the Kana stream. Village not visible from the road. Village liesdirectly under and to the west of Katong Peak, 7,837 feet, from the eastern face >f which the Tuinan stream originates, which is the longest source of the Tapai Or Chakpi river. From the western face of hill the Kana stream takes its source. Kwunum to Bwankwa is 16 miles. The Chiefs are brothers and are second cousins of Nulshun of Lormpi. Present village is divided into Kwunum, 30 houses, and Linkang, seven houses. Villages 500 yards apart. Village surrendered six guns at Tiddim in 1894.
dbyGoogle
GAZETTEER OF VILLAGES,
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. SittuUion. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 4 5 6 334 Nawshel ... as South-west of LormpL Set RoutcNo-aloManipur. Branch off at Chakpi river to Lormpi and thence to village ...
o Lormpi. Water close to village in small stream. Village visible from Lormpi.
Serial No. Name of vUlage. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of readent Chief. 3 3 4 5 6 3aS Saivum or Saibum. 40 South-west of Loi-mpi. See Route No. a to Chakpi stream i thence to Lormpi, thence to village.
TomKu.
Remarks. People Thados; milage visible from Lormfn on the south-west Surreif dered three guns at Tiddim in iSg^.
ScriiJ No. Name of vHlê. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 3^ Shimwel ...
To the east of road to Manip ur and south-west of LormpL
Set Route No. a Tung Shua.
Remnrks.Ptop\e Thados and Mangvums. Village tributary to Manipur and subordinate to Lormpi. Chief is brother to Nulshun of Lormpi. Village split ofl from Lormpi. Water procuraole at village from wells dug in a stream, which is usually nearly dry. No running water. - People gôw rice.
dbjGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. t a 3 * 5 6
3^7 Sinnum (site in the Chin Hills, but people now liviiw temporarily across the border). 30 OnTiddimManip ur road. See Routes Nos, a and 6... Ton Ko Lun.
south side of village. Village attacked and burnt by Yahows in May 1891. The 38 captives were recovered by us. Fourteen Thados and nine Vahows and Whenohs were killed in the fight. I'he site of Sinnum Is in the Chin flills, but the people are now living on the rffihl bank of the Vangdung stream and therefore in Manipur territory. They are still called Sinnum people after their Chin Hill village. Water at Sinnum lies on east and west of village, that on west side being the nearer.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communkations. Name of
readenl Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 338 Twelbung... 30 South of Route No. a Tunkapow.
Remarks. People Thados. Tunkapow is a brother of Nulshun ; he is a very fine old man and well disposed. Water is procurable close to and south of village in a small stream. Village surrendered nine guns to us in 1894 ; village lies on the west of the Tang range and south (rf Lormpi ; is connected with Kulin, Lormpi, and Bwankwa by Chin paths.
dbyGoogle
Villages oj the Yo tribe -which He north of the Chii which are under Manipur.
I. Bwellung 3 Chenglam 3 Chilpi 4Kwunkai 5 l^kut 6 Ldbwel 7 Mulam 8. Nabu 10 Savum 11 Tanvum 19 Tunkwa
>3Tuwan 14 Twidam 15 Twitum i6. Vanglai
Hills boundary and House s.
dbyGoogle
SerU So. Nameot viUage. No. of houses. Situarion. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I
2 3 4 5 6 39 Bweltung 10 Village is seen lying to the nort^ from the Kallam range. Road from Moirang
Remarks. Yo tribes living north of Sumkamkwa, subordinate to Manipur
Serial No. Name of vniage. No. of houses. Situation.
Name of rsident Chief.
t a 3 4 S 6 330 Chen'glam 50 Three and a half miles west of Howbipeak on a road which leads from Twidam to Chenglam. S* Route No. 3 Howkamaa.
êiKorib. People Yos; migrated from (he Chin Hills in 1880; their old villê ChengUrn was 36 miles north of Tiddim on the Manipur road. The present village, before 1893, paid no tribute to Manipur, being a'"'sepoy village," whose duty it was to keep the Manipur thanas informed o( the approach of Sokte raiding parties. Cattle ar.d rice .abundant. Village is si miles west of Twidam and 5 miles from the Tuita stream. Village divided into two. Water is obtainable by following up a nullah dose to village and which cats the road ; water not sufBcient for mules.
&>rial No,
Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. CommunKations. Name of residit Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 331 Chilpi ... ao WestotBwankwaon right bank of Maniparrirer. Route No. 3 to Twidam. Vumyahow,
i7<iKarib. People tributary to Manipur
Ullage in plain view from Bwankwa.
dbyGoogle
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communicatioiis. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 333 Kwunkai ... .0 South-west of Twkla/n. Route No. 3 to Twidam.
Turn ki tang and Hemyahow.
Remarks. Yos. of Manlum familj^ ; villagers migrated from Twelpi, the upper portion of Howchinltup's village Tunzan. This villê, together with Twitum and Nabu, form a group of 30 houses south-west of Twidam and easily visible from Howbi peak.
Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 5 6 333 Lenkut ... 50
Route No. 3 to Chenglam. Twung\*il.
' Rtmarka. Close to Chenglam and in plain view from there. People Yos.
Serial No. Name of village. No of houses. Situation. Commun ication s> Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 5 6 334 Loibwel ... 8
WestofManipur river and nOTth of road from Twidam to Bwankwa Route No. 3 to Bwankwa and then as described below. Unlyin.
Remarks Yos, formerly lived at Pultum near present Mwelpi ; moved to present site six years ago. Village lies north of a line drawn'from Bwankwa to Twidam, To reach village cross Manipur river west of Bwankwa and go up Lipi stream 3 miles and then follow path going due north.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6
335 Mulam ... te
See Route No. 3 Powkolyin.
Remarks. People Yos. Village lies half-way between Twidam and Chenglam and 1 nile south of the road. It is in pTain view from Twidam and also from Howb: peak.
dbyGoogle
Seria No. Name of village. Naof houses. Situation. Communications. Name of aesdent Chief. I a 3
4 5 6 33<5 Nabu .. 10
...
Remarks. See KwunkaL Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief I a 3 4 5
6 337 Savam ...
Remarit.~Honh of Loibwel, east and slightly north of Howbi peak. Serial No. Name of village. No. rf houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident- Chief. 1 a 3 4 5 6 338 Tanvum ...
130 Between Tan Kwa and Toonvum. Stt Route No. 3 Shwenkatung.
Rtmarki, People Yds ; viltap'e divided into three pans. Nlnzatung, a Kanhow who was sent to Burma with Howchinkup in iSgi, left Tuntan in 1893 and started a village close to Tanvum. Water plentiful at the larger villages and between them and Ninzatung's village (500 ynrds). The Chief of Tanvum is said to be the most important Yo Chiefs Rice ancf cattle plentiful at village. Four miles from Tanvuiq down a steep hjll is the Tuila, a large stream.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident aief. > 3 3 4
5 6 339 Tunkwa ... 30
5RouteNa3 Lunung.
^(ranrii, People Vos, who migmted from Tunfcwel near Tiddim (our post). Village Slron^y situated. Water scarce. Village 4 miles from the Twita atrcam and 3 miles from Tunzan. One mile from Tunkwaon the Tunzanstde there is a stream of water. It should be remembered that the Ze/aw stre.tm is brackish and unfit to drink and that parties must rely on the Tuita river and the Tunzan waterûpply. Kjco and cattlt are plentiful.
dbyGoogle
GAZETTBER OP VILLAGES.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Sitcwtion. Communications.
Name of raident Chief. . 1 a 3 A 5 6 340 Tunzan ... 6o
Sti Route No. 3 Twunkalet.
Jtemarks. People Yos ; village is strongly placed and well stockaded : besides the village stockades there were others barring the approaches in 1893. Tamrum is viuble frocD hue to the south. Cattle and rice procurable.
Serial . No. Name of villa^re. No. of housea. Situation.
Commuoicatmns. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 341 Twidam ... 6a
Ste Route No. 3 Kinarrg.
Rtmarhs. People Yos ; descendants of Manlum. The village lies directly under Howbi peak; village founded in 1877; people moved first from Pumtang in the Kanhow tract to Shwimpi near Imphal, then to Sanching, then to Wiimpiel, and then to Tuyan, and finally to Twidam. Lots of water within \ mile of village, but very little at the. village itscLf. Rice in small quantities procurable. Howbi Peak, the prominent landmark, 6,278 feet. The Kanhow column cut " i8gi " on the highest tree on the peak.
Serial No. Name of villagR
No. of houses. SittaUon.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 343 Twilum ... 10
... R$marks,See Kwnnkai. Serial No. Name of village. No. Of houses.
StatkiB.
Name of resident Chief. I 3 4 S 6 343 Vangl^ . 40
Si Route No. 3
JJfmnris. People Yos, subordinate to Manipur; village lies 6 miles northnortheast of Tunkwa and is seen just after leaving the Zezaw stream to ascend the Tunkwa
dbyGoogle
GAZBTTBER DP VILLAGES. Villain ftksNmH irihe tb&rdinie t9 Mam^r.
Saria) No.
Nana of village. Naof houses. Situation. Coniinunications. Name of rwident Chief. I a 3 4 S 6 3U Lmow or 300 sooth of the high pak of Roules No. a and 6 to Lenacot ; Route No. 3 to within viev of vill^re; Route No. 14 for anotlwr wy. LabweL
AMrjb. People are Nwitfa who 30 years ago were living in the Chin Hills and who withtn the memory of man had large villages around the present post of Tiddim. There
arealsoaboutioohouseholdsoftheVaipe tribe in the village as well as many Soktes who fled from the right bank of the Manipor river, chiefly from fCaptyal, during the expedition of 1893-93. Laltwel spent five months m the Fort White quarter -ffuard in 189J and until the village surrendered its Burman slaves. Village ispowerfuUy plKed. It is best appnached from Manipur. There are three routes from Tiddim : the 5rst as above through Tunsan, Lenacot, Twidam and Sumkamkwa ; the second is to Tunsan, Lenacot, cross the Manipur river at the Yangdung^ mouth, and proceed west in latitude 34 to Lunglen Ull i thence village Is visible. There is also a road direct from the Sokte villages on the right bank of the river, but, although good for individuals, it b very arduous for troops and transport as water is scarce and ofi the road at considerable distances. Losow is armed and must be considered dangerous until disarmed like all the Northern Chin villagessouth of it. Village is subordinate to Manipur; man^ of the inhabitants speak Manipuri and many were present at the massacre of British officers in Manipur in 1S91.
Communkations. Name of resident Chief. t 3 3 4 5
6 3+5 Sbelbu ... 100
Tunkai.
Rtmarht. One day's march from Sumkam's village.
Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I a 3 4 S 6
346 Sumkamkwa. 80 Marked "Tonglong"on map ; west of Kailam. Routes Nos. a and 6 ... Sumkam.
Rtmarks. People Nwilfa ; village also called " Ting Tarn" and " Tomglomg." Thepeople are known by the Chins as " Nwitfe," or " Malte," or " Tomglomgte^' ; tributary toManipur. Sumkam dial in 1S93. Village is 147} miles from Fort White by abovetortuous
dbyCoogle
village ; two small streams sufficient for large force. In approaching village the Orbu stream and a amall stream which enters it from the Tomvum side are exceedingly nasty places and would be easily defended by Nwitis. Mountain guns on mules have been taken to this village. Sumkam was son of Ncdcatung, the unfortunate Chief tk Mwelpi, and his two brothers are now living at Losow.
SeiUl No. Nameol lgt. No. of houses.
Situation. Communications. Name of tendent Chief. 1 3 3 5 .6 347 Tomvum ... SO ... Stt Routes Nos. 3 and 6 Tonjvum.
Remarks. Nwitts. A miserable village with nasty approaches, a bad nullah on the east and a steep khud on the west, Waterin nullah. Nullah is stockaded and spiked. Village in 1B93 was subordinate to Sumkam. Rice and cattle obtainable. Other villages which cluster roand Sumkamkwa are <i) Nalzang, 15 houses. I (4) Numk^ 30 houses. I2) Vokbwet. to houses. I (5) Kotak, 30 houses. (3J Muntaw, 15 houses. ( (6) Kwatung, 10 bouses.
dbyGoogle
PART IV. ROAD REPORTS.
dbjGoogle
dbjGoogle
PART IV Road Reports.
LIST OF ROAD REPORTS IN THE NORTHERN CHIN HILLS. RouU Tiddim to Nwengal tract ... ... ... . ... t Tiddim to Manipur ... ... ... ... . a I^nscot to Tiddim ... .> ... ... ... 6 Lenacoi to Torng'lomg country inhabited by Nwttfe tribe subordinate to Manipur ... ... ... ... , ... 3 Lenacot to Vtizagyi) ... ... ... ... ... 4 Vszagyo to Tunian ... ... ... , ... 5 Tiniin to Lenacot ... ... ... ... . 7 Kalemyo vi& Yaza^yo and Khampat to Tinnn ... ... ,.. 8 Fort Lungleh to Fort White and dso FoA Langleh to Tiddim ... 9 Fort White to Nikwikwa ... ... ... ... ... 10 Fort White to Falam ... ... ... ... ... 11 Fort While to Tiddim ... ... ... ... ... 11 Pvinthaseik to Fort White ... ... ... ... 13 Manipur river Yafvdung stream to Langlen hill ... ... ... 14, LIST OF ROAD REPORTS IN THE CENTRAL HILLS. Falam through the Yahow country ... ... ... ... 15 Falam through the Kweshin countiy ... .,, ... ... ifi Falam through the Tawyan country ... ... ... ... \'j LIST OF ROAD REPORTS IN THE SOUTHERN HILLS. KalewatoHaka ... ... ... ,., . 18
PakAkku to Haka ... ... ,.. ... ... 19 Myititha to Haka ... ... .. ... ... go Haka to Falam ... ... ... ... ... ai Haka to Shurkwa (dnvct) ... ... ... ... 2a HakatoShurkwa(ri<iThetta) ... ... ... ... 33 HakatoHanta ... ... ... ... ... 34 Haka to Naring vid Hripi ... ... ... ... 25 Haka to NaringtnViBwenlon ... ... ... ... jj, Haka to Rawywa fid Naring ... ... ... ... 36 Haka to Fort Lungleh ma Tao and Fort Tiegear ... ... 37 Haka to Tao (Northern route) ... ... ... ... gg Haka to Tunjan ... ... ... ... ... 39 Haka to Rimpi mil Firthi ... ... ... ... 30 Haka to Thetta pi'd Rawvan ... ... . ... 31 I Dawn ... ... ... ... 33 Hnpi ... ... ... , 33 Klangklang to \ Vomkwa ... ... ... ... 3^ I Rawkwa ... ..< ... ... 3^ \ Klangpi ... ... ... ... 36 Tao to Wantu ew Bwe ... ... ... ... ... 37 Tao to Haka via Bwe ... ... ... ... ... 38 Kalemyo to Kunchaung by boat ... ... ... ... 39 Kalemyo to Hanta by road ... ... ... . ... 40 Hantato Falam ... ... ... .,. . ... 4] Minyna to Shurkwa ... . ... ... ... 43 Shurkwa to Lungno ... ... ... ,,. . ... 43 Lut^no to Rawywa and Lotaw ... ... ... ... 44 Naring to Gangaw viA Lotaw ... ... ... ... 45 Yokwa to Kapi viti Thetta ... ... ... ... 46
dbyGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
INDEX OF ROAD REPORTS.
No. From To No of route. PaR. Remarks. I Falam Yahow country ... 15
3 Co. Kweshin ... 16
3 Do.
Fort ^hite, Tiddim >7
And Sthaung. 4 Fort Lungleh ... 9
5 Fort White Falam
6 Do. Nikwftkwa 10
7 Do. Tiddim
8 Haka Falam
9 Do. Shurkwa 33
Direct
Do. Do. 33
Vii Thetta.
Do. Hanta n
13 Do. Naring 35
ViA Hripi. 3 Do. Do. a.SA
4 Do. Rawywa 36
Via Naring. :i Do. Fort Lungleh ...
11
Vid Tao and Fort TreDo. Tao
gear. Northern route. [I Do.
ig
Do. Rimpi 30
Vid Firth; 19 Do. Thetta 3'
Vid Kawvan.
ao Hanta Falam 41
31 Kalemyo Yazagyo 8
33 Do. Kunchaung 39
By boat. '3 Do. Hanta 40
34 Khampat Tinzin ... R
î Kalewa Haka 18
Klangklang ... Dawn 33
;l Do. Hripi ,33
Do. Vomkwa 34
39 Dq. Rawkwa 35
30 Do. Klangpi 3fi
31 LenacDt Tiddfm 6
Do. Tornglorng 3
33 Do. Yazagyo 4
34 Lungno Rawywa 43
35 Manipur river (Yangdung stream Lunglen hill 14
3fi
Mirywa Shurkwa 43
11 Myintha Haka 19
Naring Pakfikliu Gangaw n
39 Haka
Vid Lotaw. 40 Pyinthaseik (Kalemyo). Shurkwa Fort White ...
13
41 Lungno 43
43 Tiddim Nwengaltraa ..:
43 Do.
44 Tinzin Lenacot 7
45 Tao Wantu 37
46 Do. Haka 38
47 Yazagyo Tunzan 5
48 Yokwa Kapi 46
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
z M & 3
1 General direction north-west. The path leaves Tiddim on the north-west of post and continues in this direction for the greater part of the road. At li miles from Tiddim a good stream of water is met with, and li miles further on the village of Lailo is passed. Up to this period the descent of the road has been gradual and the path good passing through cultivation. Leaving Lailo village the path tends to a more westerly direction and at a steep eradient descends to the Manipur river. The last a miles of the completely overgrown with undergrowth and the path d quite unsuited for mules. The river is fordable by the Laikerm ford. A good camping-ground is found on the opposite side of the river. Distance of march 6\ miles. Leaving the river camp at Laikerm ford, the road goes almost due north and skirts a long the river-bank for 400 yards; it then takes a northwesterly direction and ascends at a steep gradient tor i\ miles. The path, although steep, is good and free from undergrowth. From here the path winds in a northerly direction till the village of Tongshiel is reached. The village is small and has only been built within the last iS months ; thick jungle surrounds it, which will in time be cleared away by the villagers. A good camping-ground is found on south of village. General direction of road south-uest. Leaving the village on the south-east side the path ascendsat once and continuesascendinglor i mile, after which it turns sharply to the south-west and becomes fairly level. About ) mile villages is passed on the west side.*
li River Stream
None Three
s i a 1 is E lb II is
1 Uikerm ford ,., Tongshiel Mwial
i -
in
s H =11
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
b: it then descends tor i^ mile, still keeping in a south-westerly direction, and crosses the Twi-chin stream, which is fairly large. Crossing this stream when the Mawiwi stream is crossed. The path now ascends at a steep gradient and turns almost due south for ^ mile. Here it winds to the south-west and the ascent becomes more gradual, and at 4} miles from Tongshiel village the hamlet of Unkwun is passed on the west of the road. Unkwun consists of 10 houses and is unstockaded. Leaving this village, the road ascends at a very gradual gradient and in a southerly direction till the Twuk-loo spur (an offshoot of the Imbukklang range) is crossed. From here the villaire of Mwial is siirhted Ivin? to the south-west. The road winds in ie Twak-loo spur, andatagradualde all stream of watec a few hundred ya; isists o( 40 houses and is not stockade on the north dde of the village near a fairly good supply of water. The road on the whole is nature of the path, and with little trouble should be practicable for mules. Leaving Mwial on the south-eatt side, the road descends immediately for i mile, when the Do-Iwi, a large stream with a splendid supply of water, is met. Crossing this stream, the road turns sharply due east and ascends a cliilfoT about 150 yards. This portion of the road in its present state would make mule transport impossible. The road after this ascends more gradually and at iJ miles from Mwial the Tar-san stream is crossed, with bat little water in it during the cold weather. The road still-keepit^ an easterly direction, ascends, but at a more gradual gradient, for J miles. It then II of 1 i a 1 il
8 -S 1 ' s 1
z t
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
CZXXItl.
5.1?' Sid
l?!lll M PliiliJl ^ 111 illlililliS; lilijil 5Mi flit
"5- âZ a m.!2iy)-o
dbyGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
2 j: 01 " " -fi i: ^"^ ~ cl. o â " i T3 :: -" = ' ."-- 5 "^"S 'E.E "- g " "^2 i ii" E -^ M - "^ " '
sS^St
2esS
ii''s
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
IfllllljiaM'MJfl
iss:is.|s^
J5 f s^s = s; s I s- 1 , "la s- ??! "4 E-s si i-gs-si =, ^ 8 s,; s,^î s i:f :if I !? J e::| J s; s i*^ ; jf llf-=llll|llJillli"SlfK||.2|l||l!!l!-slfl
E|S
"S5S
|iiiiriiiiiiiii|iiiiii|ls!ijliJlllilii|
dbjGoogle
H O OS
ROAD REPORTS.
fea.
It 11-5
I a
111
IjIiII
TJ "S .= -^ 5 S 'J E "
r-^ irl
111 "sis fiM|lli|ii
If-*
Ss5
a .2 ie S
Tfl J
i f.^ Si . 3r *
" E E
dbjGoogle
BOAD REPORTS.
u ii"r a?
.I.IJ J I li 111
"3 ^.^.3 ;3
j! -1st:
Ml i Id
?j i:' lis-:? s^ i J: III I" p I Is -il lis |l5!'i '- pi " =j ill |-SiS* 5.1 Is f; J|l ii's 'Si fi fl i ||s-^l P !g ! Ill :-l^ ri
(/) </}
as 1 1
DioilizedbjGOOgle
ROAD RBPORTS.
^8Si'S'?:s|
6J S-S 11 Ifo it 3'i
? IE E J ="
O.* S (; S 8S &.t! fli -
.H = 8 SI 2 S^s
-S-3
S S-s
<IS
Si'E
11
TJ -O
1 1^
5 *
S it ri ? s t D "E s
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
lily I !j! ?ii ^1 II ftiiW
"1^1 i
- 'f.s laP a.
i-lt Sis' II 8 :S3 5c.>Ssi; Sill ll~ ^'' ==-= E|ii':!f
is"?
8! ',
nil iiitlli
S3
sri3
dbjGoogle
II
ROAD REPORTS.
||^|s..s I
If 111 la IjîII I ir
ll|4l1^ll||!1l||l.ii|i l:il|lllplll^;sll|l||l| |ili|iii|.|ii|lioii|i|i
iiii
i.l
si si
I "
dbjGoogle
8 s: s i
.B BO
I If
I'M '
51 " 2 "S
ROAD REPOKTS.
ill
I| .1ail
si l^"|S
I'i
sJh.| " 3
I ill li. :?-sJl
toe & . " B t 5 J -rS-g^-^
:....J||J
j V V c <s S
I?
3^
Hi
; 5 ! 8 M
i 1 Il h"^ i a K 1 r
ji
5 . : i
: 1 *r H- W "5 ^
-s
* . 1
1^ s.
lis!
Is Jl
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS-
li
1-1 ^
U 12
f=|.i^.5 III! isflii ^psjs'S sis'; sly .BsSfi^sst S S S-S 3 e 53 S-a-a-S-S SS-B SiEtsJ 8.i (J U U H
it
1 I. 6 fs 0! h"
* ti
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS, Mil i
||
Hi S
S 8 N^5 s
Is
nil,
=p
"S
i r 4 E Ipii i
1 M--i^ ^ ^j: Et
^M'J 11 111
IK'S* fll
it II s
Si
11 II
I it
i :
is
I,
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
l.Ssl!;^s-Esa-| I ?!?.! ifllii I all ?!!,&., '..Tsl -I^ST-ôSi^ll r!ii?ii=l.i|||i|=Ollii l|i
ii1li|illlll.il||=i|sll.riii!i
i s
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
3 S "^ & Jî 2 5 8"
hi
ii
.= ?. S.C 2 g j: C Mf jJ||||j||p||j| iri.|5ii|i||lilil|Ll
2s li "I .E 41 Jl rtJS
I'SSif gas Eg!; M> C.5 s < u- -^ 1 i i Is 1 1 1 1= i
gJ! Si
3-50J a.g." . c g~ t2 >. a >.2.E |l1|I.E^.il^-sJsii<-;5l-aJ| lis IS'sli;.:?
ll E
iii il
.1 E 3
*!? ' "o
dbjGoogle
ROAD ttEPORTS.
^ Si
Hi! ^ |l
i'g.s S
?|1
a|-|-B| I HZ S' 8 Sill I III: 11
-o.S 5 5 "ac agSo:=o
ill
!ii"E - 3 .E i^S it Igji I" îS^ "i :8||e
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
h 51
las II 5 III
i I II
Is
83
:8:
Sill c ".2 he AC n
-s;a sls"
S"S.
=-r- ii=- fcrl . do six- isl^l
- &
cxlvii. lis
ssSa
= 't|
S-S~ f6-si3ss" >t-3.2 "3& B.2|-= .3s=-=
â^ c.Ec S
i |5|=. *sâs
dbjGoogle
ss o as
ROAD REPORTS. ll 11- I ii -' -3 'I^ -o ? & 'Ml SmI s ^J2 SSJ ?
3 ;. I 1*1 E
i^!
Ill
Jl
ill h
'U
i? ! if
2-S I E'i
" ";i= =3 111
um-ii
13 ill! ill O DU HO H
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
ll
ail lis
i 8 ^- 3 g -I 3 1
53 81
|s|
jip^fsiar s; -a men
"--^""5S ^- = Jig' i-8
Ifilll !l!fll
bW
"Sis
111 1 l|i| S| 1 1 IP
2 I I
E E E ill
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
n -il IB si E ni ill
SIS
a ll'i " . I I'l B
ill
|S|
it
sS'i
eg 11
II
dbjGoogle
is
ij 1 >*
, s Q m
is f.n 1 ^ S'S â
ROAD REPORTS.
1:1 "3 II IJ
III -P-S III
III 1 II
!I1S
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
si
^ E c i 8' s.a
Si . jf|.is|:S 111 =|ili Hî111 l|J|i||il!ll III i|l.l1llinjl
i |s|| " S.S.E-C-S
ill
61
5 ZZE
dbyGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
s I
ill ill 12 111 S '- 2-, '"M^ . ^ "
I ^
Digitized byGOOgle
ROAD REPORTS.
' General direction south. Leaving the village the route runs west along the side of the hill for } mile and joins the main road, which leads through Lenacot old post to Manipur, then turns south and drops gradually downhill. Here the track is very good going through small tree jungle and stunted palms ; after i mile kum i then it drops down steeply. Here the route crosses two streams, first the Yelfanlum and then the Tui Lum, quite close to their junction. Both strearns are small, about eight yards wide, the latter being the longer and flowing from the south. The drop is 1,700 feet in a} miles. There is room enough here for a small camp. Bamboos are scarce. From here the road ascends very steeply for a short distance to the west and then turns south and runs through pines and oaks up a spurj jungle scarce. After advancing about I mile there is a knoU to the left of the road from which can be seen the village of Kwunkum of 10 houses, situated about 4 miles off on the left bank of a source of the Tui Lum. Then the road runs round to the east of a steep hill covered with pine trees, crosses rather a difficult nulla and so on to the lop of the ridge, and runs along it till the site of Sinnum is reached. -s-p'?.\n siIiH
jsuisip Xje)!i!M =II!H "i ' I-5S 8 1 Q 'i 1 i , . . il Miles. 1 Shielmong Unacot, 1. P. T.4435ft Road to east leading to Kwunkum.
dbyGoogle
ROAD REPORTS. 2 "2 -2 -^S
c s 22 I o." li
till! ssSs
5. t^SS^-.^^ ?Pfio-=o
a &S.o;5s
2tS i$-S
el? -'Si E-s^fS;
E ="B|
3t-
|8
14
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
1 a: ill .a= i i i Is fi o'S ri Sf . X S 2 3. 'J US' V proceeds south-south-east round the same hillside and still tern slopes, through the site of the deserted village called Here there is a small stream and a very fair ground for a is the best place to csmp at along the road. It then leads small streanis for 2 miles and then on to the top of the spur le other side. Here the jungle is fine pine trees with little h. The road then descends, at first gently and then very steepui Zural. yards of the descent to the river is very precipitous and would mproved before mules could travel. This river runs into the er about I mite to the west through a valley 300 ârds wide grass. The current of the stream is rather rapid ; bottom ere is a good camping'^round here for a large number of troops. en ascends Up a small spur for 100 feet and descend* rapidly .alley.
III!
111 mm . The last 100 have to be Manipur ri full of long rocky. Tfi The road ^ to another PIJl -ESP I'AID siUH -wuisip XjB,i;iK tUH y 1^ 21 $1 i iil 1 . |s
g sil *-
S I 1^ en s s
S ftS i * s
Q H s
lî
J- "
.^85
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
"^ i;.E -l-l: %
clvii. S S 4 S M^ ir-5
ifîlHt-i sjiiiuqi ;iii|<î-
-.sias-s-sE-s '^^Jiil-SiSgl =:s'as^:is
-l^rl^-l*-^
;i2 .18.3
s = s::saiî5E-S i.8g'g--s;-sa. li-S;'ss:l6--s? -i#i;pijs iiFiii:"! r-iiii-i'-î ilF^^llJll Slii.dl-=SI, Sl|-^S1||||| l-i.SieJ1"1 ?lsris-.-S5-ii tS,iJi-s;-=6i;2 liis??!i=; ^siî'i'si'^^ 5îîii|s|i 1l""-lôSp"| -Mithhit hlf^.llJ'A lailljilillilJiiiillilllllllllll
Si
a Mi
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
'
This stream (lows through a valley 150 yards wide ; it is ao feet broad and I to 3 feet deep ; the stream is rather ranid. We. camped on its left bank, where there is amj 1 in large quantities grow here, male as we e many good campinggrounds mav be found on the bank of the Manipur river; bamboos grow in profusion'in the neighbourhood of the river. From this camp the road proceeds up a very steep ascent through long grass and pine trees ; there IS a rise of 1,940 feet in about li miles, after which the road still ascends and leads through very fine pine trees, from which wood is cut by the Public Works Department. After marching 2\ miles the road passes near some saw-pits, and from here on is verv good and about 6 feet broad ; from here it runs pretty level till nearing Tiddim, when it drops slighllv and enters that po from behind the rifle butts. Tiddim is placed just below the crest of the hills and faces wesL This road throughout is very good, but wants repairing in a few places to make it passable for mule transport. Distance by pacing. -pT.SiI """""'3 x" 1 "'" "^ Si gi CD 1 O Jil' 5 Intermediate Miles. 5 1 d5 J 5 J. 3.
.* m
.1 e
i I .0 g
I -3
1 1*1
*= ? c M 3 -"* i ai-a 1 ll-S I m
if 5M
dbjGoogle
ROAD RepORTS.
0-8 i'i it
j General direction west Tmzin is a Burmese villageofSo houses surrounded by a stockade and is situated on the left bank of the Tinzin chaung or Tui Sa (Chin). The river is about 30 yards wide and is now 3 feet deep ; rains ; the bottom is stony and water clear, with plenty of small fish. The surrounding countrv for about a miles around is cultivated and the paddy Wile. The village possesses a few cows, bullocks, fowls, kc The road leaves Tinzin to the westand and passing through open paddy land it runs 1 chiefly of bastard teak and grass undeivrowth. A the path crosses a small stream called Tui Bolo,
which is a tributary of the Tui Sa, and going still west along the left bank of this stream for J mile in the next 1 mile crosses it three times and then across a small rivulet which flows into the Tui Bolo ; the jungle on either side of the stream is bamboo and long grass. From here the road commences to ascend a steep spur for atwut ij tniles; the jungle at first is dense bamboo and the road is very confined and steep ; it would be necessary to clear the road considerably to make it passable for mule laden transport. As the road goes uphill the jungle becomes less dense and ordinary tree with a little grass undergrowth, and the road improves. It w!-"S!P mo sillH !H0 J31J1 -sip XJBITIIW *1I!H "!HD Is il SB Tinzin chaung or Tui Si (C h i n), 30 yards wide, 2 feet deep at k)w water. Tui Bolo, 4 yards wide and 6 indies to I foot deep. Small stream. i 1
1 : = IP 1 . 1
Tinzin (Burmese), 60 houses and a Chin seltletnent, B. P. T., 520 feet.
1 1
dbjGoogle
ROAD REP6RTS.
then leads on lo a spur and proceeds along it for about J mile, which is fairiy level going and then descends, at first gently, then very steeply, for i mile, till a small stream is crossed. The jungle down this hill is dense bamboo and the road is precipitous and would require much opening out and zigzag! ng for mules. This stream is quite small and flows west -south -west into the Tui Sa, The road now runs near its left bank for a short distance, then crosses it âin and up a steep khud covered with thick bamboos for a few hundred yards and out on to last year's clearings, which, from the quantity of straw lying about, are very fruitful. Road now dips down again to another small stream, which flows into the last. The crossing here is very rocky and difficult, the banks being very and would have to be bridged. The road is confined for a yards, then runs up hill through clearings, which are on up to the top, and then turning in a southerly direction Tui Sa. There are several huts in these clearings, which few hundred a very steep incline drops down lo the are extensive.
Here we camped for the night in clearings called Bampei; the camp is confined owing to the steepness of the hills, and is about 30 yards from the river, the banks of which are clad with dense bamboo jungle. The Tui Sa, which here forms the boundary between Burma (Chin Hills) and Manipur, is 25 yards wide, and fuH of deep pools ; it is rapid, clear, and full of fish. About 15 yards below the bridge the river can be forded at this time of year, Average depth of ford about 3 feet; bottom rocky and stony, with jauisip iiAO
*1I!H -sip -fîmM siUH a Small stream, 3 yards wide; quite shallow. Small stream, 3 yards wide. Tui Sa, 35 yards wide ; average depth of ford 3 feet. 5 S a 1 1 -fi ;? . lii
1 B a
dbjGoogle
-"1?liPg| ill' =--'â^-|1 J8-5J e'Î.eîsIsI is -I i: S-S-E ..-g u.^ - 5 FEcE |lilj|ii|i5 S5^f.
ROAD REPORTS. XI Ut^4t :.^:Ul i|lli
3"|,s"i.f'J
'Asia's!! --8*r6 s-E--S6 fsa-ii
'lip "Sx be bag
ssSsS-
t||-S| llyrfifti mil Miiii pi?iii ilisil
Bt-fflu
i Sod CO I
Digitized byGOOgle
OS of this the road runs ; here it is very bad and small, bring cut out of the steep side of the hill and is impassable for mule transport. From here the road runs down a very sleep spur in a northerly direction for 4 mile, jungle being long grass and plantains ; then up a sleep spur for } mile. This spur comes down from the triganomelrical pointcalled Molbem, 6,343feet inalti- tude. Here the road meets another which leads from the village of Hian- zan to its cultivations on the north side of Molbem. O zan ; our road leads to the wrst round Molbem ; it is t^rly level and is good "0 going at first, then it drops down steeply to a stream aj miles further on. This stream is connected by a bamboo lead with Uianzan and is its water- f supply ; where the road crosses it the stream is quite small. From here the road runs along the south side of a spur from Molbem up and down khuds to the village, turning rather south as it is approached. Hianzan is a Thado village of from Molbem. Here we halted ; or south of the village. 1\\ be obtained by going down the steep. 6o houses, and is situated on a westerly spur the camoin^-eTound is eood either north water froi ul and more can khi , but the ?oad is
From the village the road runs south, and is quite level for about J mile through open cullivalion and long grass ; then it turns west and goes down a very steep khud to the Tui Pu ; this road is too steep for mules and runs through some cultivation. The Tui Pu flows south here and is 15 yards wide and about i fool deep at crossing ; the stream is rapid and bottom rocky ; both banks are very pre|-13!J)S!P [lAO sillH 1 -PHI -sip iiciiiiK s|l!H i? 2 = Small stream; w a t e r-supply to village.
TuiPu, igyards wide, 1 loot deep. B. P. T. 3,147 ft' Q 1 1 s ? III 1 v s s :
1 Cross-road leading east to cultivations. Hianzan, B. P. T. 4.186 (eetj Camp.
d z
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
ill
l^lall-llil
?l = il5lt . 1 S S & " s
lli^l^lJI llîfH lift t^tsiîi ii|| BiliilitiMliHSPlPi a E-Sl S.i-1-sl-s 5 ieo-SiiS- jfi-Eg gS S.-.-I^S'S.s JIei
ill
S h^
Digitized byGOOgle
ROAD REPORTS.
Ightly north scraped out bare side o( B. P, T. ,-, going gronnd On the north i it is ow dips conhe campingand millet 1 e north and age.
west and Here it ut on to th me to the The road Kwest. few goat entiful to ill-kept VI tially ascends leading ered with thick jungle, bad. It then ooens o and so on on. The; leading ry, short visible for the first tl age of Shielmong from t e village. Supplies; a got here. Water is p a very small, dirty, anc
d nowgrat apeakcov e hill and i ngle on it, Ie further small hills on it and d bi peak is the south tersthevil all round t ce can be age. It is
steep. The roa to the south of of the side of th a hill with no ji 6,;oo feet) i m
over a series of with few trees way down Hon situated just to siderablyander ground IS good no paddy or r south of the vill
PPWIP \W0 s|l!H m3 ! -SIP itJBIIJIW sjllH "IHD
1| 1 "
1 O a Miles. 37* IP Miles. 4i ^ o ofli't
1 lUM
o 2 n
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
H li
1 s General direction north. Kalemyo is on the road to Fort White and 2 milea from Pyinthaseik. The old police post usedto be stationed here and lately a rest-camp for troops from Kalewa to the Chin Hills has been built. Theieis a viilase chieflv composed of Natives of India who sell rice and ilitary road leadt through paddynth grass underârdswidewitha very rapid current and sandy bottom j the banks are over ao feet deep, is kept here to take over mules and baggage. A temporary bamboo bridge is now bring built for foot passengers. From here the road stilt runs through teak-jungle for about 1 mile, when it opens out on the cultivated paddy-fields. A mile further on the village of Indatng is reached, which is surrounded by a stockade and has about 40 houses in it. From here the road runs north and slightly west. leaving the military road, and proceeds up the Kale valley, first through bastard teak and then scrub-jungle and cultivation (paddy).
-sip IIAIO utMputq3 oaddn JDUlSip -CJBIIIIW siL'H "NO
Nyaniia. 50 yards wide, 3 to 4 feet deep at this season ; unfordable in rains when the stream is very rapid. s Q i 1 ' s In
1 ^ s " 1 }
1 -
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
nm lis lipi *& *I|P
U rai Bf.S |.8jS| |S 111-' 1 fiirj liîill PiUii llllillr
ill m |-Si5 ^11 Hll! 1!|^1 ill iiii ill i ?3-s|^| Egg Il3| PHI liltl
u.pu.n3 pUKip
^jBiHiW
. 3|
: : II 1^
P n 1 J
^ i (S S
"
: -> -
Ha -^ H
o ^'s
il;E
1 I^PI
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
li If aijiiite ii III
iE."E
iSE-
E n o " 3 p j)0 H
mu i-a*i|jsJsis.i;E|rrgSlliSi :;i!l|
id'
t^l': =J!l MS |3f
8 t
J^3
E te ^
dbyGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
3 O
III sea.
JsS>-
= -g|
S.Sj!='2 rug's .2 bo ^^ lip'?- 6
nil
nil iliJIf ilî
5 3 5 83
Sii
la 111 HI
Isl - J JSa 6 8 85.2 ;s.
f I I* 1.| (-1 "
II
3 owl
3'5
SJ
iljf
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
dxix
n ;iii ^1 iiH iiyiFii fîHrt! Ill ll|;| ?llsliJ t lai l|,^l 113^111! ill lili|lillll|i?n^fc|Si !tlJ lillN St,""-' l-^s -al""- rJisrsM-sJ-s; 1t-s|l âHcli'lls-S
J g g B E I'S-g-S-SE'SIS."
Ill
|'S.S_| .
ill II
- 3 "3 J^
3|
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORl^.
^lltiiisi
e stream within stroyed in iBgi, Artian pealt is mdualty, then if then descends tt'hich it passes, he Tuipi river. ..I lb {!1 :.-|"l^fSil1 1^^ lull ^ 21 1 23 Sim
liiriuilii n
flllliil 1| I
|K U B
-i t J s 8, gg
1 Q IT E s
i S "
H !
& 1 -1 1 & s -> . 1
b it <3 z o
* "
dbjGoogle
KOAb RBfORTS.
iiiî-fiiii |s nim mmmmii
:;>?= iJI^S^ "I -s S--*.?!^ Ill Si s 6.1 1
g 2 E s 5
4 -""> Ills
-t-iiaii
V'dtis |il|tlllt|.3|il1S!|2aB|p-J,|| Si ! s ;-g :5 ^-^ ^3 SS "l-S eI-s-5-3I>^ E-a^ *s-S I s-s E t-g p3-3i|p||||||llii|j||iJ|||||S;s||||1il-si
3 s-s^ a
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
1 1 Taunghwe, a Whenoh village, is reached in a miles from Shellura. Villê contains 30 dilapidated houses. Water-supply sufficient near village in various nuUas. The path now descends to a good stream i mile from village. Thence the path rises steeply and then enters heavy timber jungle, ascending steadily to a small stream i mile. Following the east face 0I the hill for a mile it crosses at a saddle to the west face and ascends rapidly through heavy timber to the top of the Imbukktang, where there is open ground. 1 village of 30 houses, is seen lying to south of road taken, crossed at an elevation of 7,100 feet. A myithn wallow is on the left of road high upon mountain with lots of water early in cold
weather. After crossing the Inbukklang the road twists and winds down the side of the mountain 10 Botung village inhabited by Yahows and Whenohs mixed. Village 50 houses. Water-supply good at village and in slip near the village has formed a large plateau, across which roads lead to Kapwul. Path leads steeply down to stream and directly towards the Nwengal village of Salmon, which is in plain view from Botung. General direction north, north-east ; distance 4 miles. Water in plenty; also camping -grounds. Village subordinate to Falam and peopled by Norns from Shinshi and Kapwul. Path ascends gradually, crosses the main ridge, and descends steeply at fir^t, then more gradually to Yantui village; direction north-east. Villageofio houses. Yantui to Hele village is 8 miles and road to Tiddim could pass mil Hele, Paiyan, cross the Manipur river at the Hwelzun ford ; thence to Saiyan and to Tiddim. Is Stream Ngontui stream i i Q 1 1 1 1 S" II
1 Taunghwe ... Botung Yantui
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS,
-s.E
s2 l|3l h .2-3 S8
Si a.2|3 ^"? .
S'8
ri lift II llî 1 fill . illll 111
III a. 0
jj îs ^1
'
s ^
I 1 i 1
1 o
ii.i ft. S e en 5
1=11 . * ^115 .S,S"i S ^|3
liji
dbyGoogle
H 3 o Pi
if
ROAD REPORTS.
iff ^1 mWM it -^1 t ill I mmi^ 1^ -p 1 il|fiiliiMlii!-.i
ttTsivt^H -11 g|l|
lliltil!illlll1H h liii
HsM
11
SIdlill
iie5-c"j ?'""-5-2
^1
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
!i-
E t S
iSs
8 S I* S ,9,- S3 c".^c
iJllPlilllil
= = u E J S .t 00^2 *> w ' 2
= 3 5 S I S I t = < u.
Ip3 Jlll
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
1 Across a stream, about 1 1 miles west of village, is a large plateau i mile long by} mile broad. Excellent ground for camp or for a post. Water avaiiabte. From here the general direction is north-west, but the road winds about very considerably. The path rises steeply and crosses the Imbukklang range, passing through thick jungle. Just after entering densest part, Ihere is a pond on the right available for watering animals. At the top of the rjdge there is an open space fron which a magnificent view westward can be obtained lere falls rapidfy and enters jungle again, running aloi e hill, but crossing a ridge some 54 miles from Botung, t side, and at about 6i miles comes to a small stream n ' of water for men and limited number of animals. One and a-half miles beyond this the jungle ends and the path then falls steeply to the bed of stream formed by two others and from there rises steadily to village of Taunghwfe. Whenoh village, 30 houses. Water-supply rather indifferent. From here the general direction is |i)Orth- west, but the path follows the run of the hill. It is very well made and runs fairly level into the village of Shellum. A small Whenoh village of some 25 houses. Water-supply good. Villê Kopishi on opposite spur. From here the general direction is north. The path runs level for about a mile and then falls to the bed of a good-sized stream, which it crosses. Then ascends rather steeply through cultivated ground and on to village of Seyat. Whenoh village of 40 houses with good water-supply. Ground south of vitlê available for camp for aoo or 300 men. Si Small stream ... Urge stream with good supply of water. Good-sized stream, 5 yards wide, and rocky i o 1
il
i 1 } 1 s
i * in
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS,
-s T---i-j9-i'89s [-.= e.- .:T3.S .r " a u * 11
-Jl
l%i ilk
till ^ r|s.a IIII? li
tin mi
cUxvii.
ri ill If 6. sir SSIH| III .s w
isiniiFîH I fci -W jfl lis
|||si || = "-= 5 niii! jipiiti in O 111 < (I. H
si 5*8 I
I Mi:
&3 I*
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
1 i
From here the path rises steeply and is father bad in places, but improves when the crest of the ridge is reached. The whole country through which it runs is here covered with jungle with the exception of one piece of high ground, the site of an old Lush^ villê about 4 miles from the Shimai scream. From this, which is the highest point reached between the Shimai and the Tuipi, there is a good view all round and water in limited quantity is obtainable near at hand. After passing this the path falls continuously to the Tuipi river, which runs In a rocky bed and is thickly wooded down to the water's edge. No sufficient supply of water bang available for a camp for anything more than 40 or 50 men between Kwunglyin and this place, a camp can he formed here, though the ground is thickly wooded and the situation for other reasons is not very good. Crossing the river, which when passed in April was not ankle-deep, the path ascends for about a mile steeply, then runs along a ridge, and then ascends for a little over a mile very abruptly, running along the crest of the hill and then falling to the site of Nikw^kwa. The first part of the descent is steep, and just where the slope becomes more gradual water is obtainable in a nulla just off the path to the left. Was a village of some aoo houses inhabited by a mixed population of Chins and Lushais, and was burnt on the 36th April 189a, Water is procurable in watercourses close by, and the country round is admirably suited tor a laê camp. 1Tuipi river, 20 yards wide ; occasional deep pools i otherwise shallow. i 1 i f 3 ^1 IS" 1 4 1 & 1
1 S. :
dbjGoogle
ROAD RBPORTS.
1 , s. The road from Fort White into Bamboo camp is practically level, running first on one side and then on theother of the Letha r^nge. One and a-half miles from Fort White the road to Kalemyo branches off. Wafer is found at the Sth mile and 8th mile. At the Sth mile a Chin track run* west to Sagyilain. The main direction of the road is south. The road continues in a southerly direction tor the first 8 miles after leaving Bamboo camp, the first 4 miles being on thceast side of the ridge, Che second 4 miles on the west side; the last 6 miles of the road are on a descending grade into " Pine-tree Camp." Water is found below the road at the 8th mile and lUh and I3ih miles. The road descends from "Pine Cree Camp" into the Khdiai camp nulla, 3 miles, on ascending the spur on the opposite side above Kholai village, and thence it-descends to the village of Lomhan, passing above Che village at the 3'Jl mile ; thence it descends and passes 1 mile further on through the village of Parte, still descending it passes at the 36} mile over the ridge of the spur and Ihence zigzags down to the Lomban nulla camp. Water is found in Kholai nullah, north and south of Lomban and Parte villages ; the last 4i miles there is no water until the Lomban stream is crossed. On leaving this camp, the road follows Che Manipur river for the distance of 4 a mile, Chen still following the direction the river flows ascends for I mile, runs level for a mile and thence descends Co the suspension bridge at the 43t mile. From the suspension bridge the road ascends at a one-tenth grade continually for 7J miles. Crosses the saddle above Falam village, and running over the range it reaches Falam post at the 52* mile. Forthe last 9 miles water is found continually.
1 i : ; a X ^ ^ 1 1 .3 s 1 S Q I
E B
1 Fort White, Bamboccamp. Pineîee camp... Lomban stream camp. Suspension bridge.
i f
dbjGoogfe
ROAD REPORTS.
ga ^-E-S s b^
e-2.
1 SI
gl III
:i ? |
liiS ill ml
1 t!^ 1 4 if
11! Ill 1 m S|1s nd Dimlo no water is f vy jungle. south Bide of ihe epur for 3und continually into Tii after crosng the ridge.
jtS'5 a>i
ill !il? iii 1-= ife^ III
|0I road passes Ihn The road continu leaving Dimlo, level, descend in
c ^ i 1 i
1 ! 1 1 :* s ^
1 i|
^ 2
^ 1
1 if s 1
gii a H
^ w
dbjGoogle
ttOAD REPORTS.
tnn Kalewa on the Chindwin river. va in one day. There is a small of the river, also a Public Works smalt Burmese village. Pyintha dwin dislrirt of Burma. Road to Myittha river. Road passes Kalemiles and continues on flat, even Chin Hnis district. Distance ii eason for rationing purposes. It we Tui by the Chins and Segyikade is called Twanchi by ttie^ Height about 600 feet above seaB Tang range. Gradient ranging Officers' rest-house. No supplies vater-supp lies, both on south rf the 00 pipes. The Burmans call No, Paiyan. The post stands at an s for 3^ miles to a height of 1,500 ge gradient of I in 13. It then ockade, which is only garrisoned mg purposes. Water is obtained
g) Country boats from Pyintha arrive Kalei
military post at Pyintha on the left bank Department rest-house. There is also a are Kalemyo and both in the Upper Chi Chinland leads west from left bankof the myo village on the left side of road in 2 road lo No. t Stockade, which is in the miles from Pyinthasak. No. 2 Is only a camp used during open s lies on stream called h chaung IS. No. a Stoc Chins ) f the Burmans. level. 1 up a spur of th from 1 in 8 to I in 12. A small post held by the military police. procurable. Novillage. Therearetwo post ; both are led into the post by bamb 3 Stockade Yeso, and the Chins call it altitude of 3,000 feet. The path ascend feet above No. 3 Stockade at an avers descends 1,000 feet in a miles to No. 4 S and used in the cold weather for ration from nulla on the south.
i 1 n 4 i f s" 1
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS
id the Bunnans call it Kasin.
rly direction until it reaches the ,les from the post. Fort White ge of the heavy forest on the e Lethalaung by the Burmans. of the range which is 6,8oo feet the Chins call It " Tang," the . graphic communication possible, ted with Tiddtm and Falam by 3. Post held by military police. r. Post office, telegraph office.
l 4 Stockade Aichic ar up the spur in a westei IS the Falam road a mi o. 4. It lies at the ed Tang range, called th< 00 feet from the crest hiWLetha gat" and Bw from the post. Helio Fort White is conneci Uer sufficient in springi rretched Indian bazaai ficers.
The Chins c The roodc. main range. is Si miles eastern face The post is above sea-It Burmans call same as the Kalemyo is in except in thi telegraph lii No village and rest-hov
i i i s
i t 1 :
(2 s i
ii * IB Q ^"8 B s
4> :
1 i 1
<! S
Z b 4 ^
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
ll! Ill 211 ill means of a bamboo bridge which had been d rested on the top of the water. The river ro5sing and very deep ; the bed rocky, its S40 yards; from bank to bank loo yards, on the river had ircreased in size and tilled
esentinp a very lormidable object to crosB. the river for i mile, where it ind tedious spur. The ascent es difficult ; near the river the and very few bamboos, which s 3,100 feet in 2 miles, and here turns southfine pine trees and no undergrowth, to No. lie headwaters of the Yangkai and the Tui g down a very steep spur to the valley below ther west, with a descent of 1,600 feet in ij
1 s 1 1
1^2 Here we crossed the river by made by the Gurkha escort an was about ao yards wide at average width at low water On the return of the Commiss the whole of the water bed. o The road then runs turns abruptly west is at first steep and . jungle is small tree' are small. The route ascend west for i mile, through very 5 pillar, which is placed at t The route here descends, leadin through pine trees turning ra 4d z
III ill
i! 13U1S1P 1JA13 um3 puE jndtUEH _ -BUI .sip to,l|. : siiiHumopuBuiEssv :
1" Manipur river, in dry weather average 40 yards wide, 100 yards widt
^s
iJ s H
s-s s (l
^ n
ll D i'S s
is,
^ ii"n
< f^^
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
Is 6
SSi'S;
18
5 3-=^*
sll^^ âi
jT u a a .s
111 htit zM
3 " c ". 3-5 5^';
2a.3Bl-S
Sol ?,
"is.
dbjGoogle
Hi III
ROAD REPORTS.
^!K! It
Ill l:fS.li|
35 -o
: = i~
;t .:i
i:^ .1
PI Ill
l|ilii!zi '^1:^ "tills 1^^ " - - li i::.'.- ii?-ihiti
82!
Qtt.2 I s
puB jndiUBw : : : : puBiuBssv : : ! :
F-^
g I ! 1 = Jo E
_, M ^
" " "
*** " TT '
^ e a. (
i2 1,^ i: N
1= ?i,
^^
^ f |5 I-' ^" ,= -
s-
DioilizedbjGOOgle
ROAD RIIPORTS.
-1 "3 u III i er small hills with small nulla now i mile, then over a steep incline for jungle. Having the route turns earn which flows ep abcent to the teep, bdng about pine jungle with fairly level for i ti source and up the Tui Vel. ml mi
iss ,5 6* !JS-|gsS^^g-=fe2
II
hi !.= .= IH ill 111 nil V B => After proceeding west a short distance road turns south no undergrowth on them for i^ miles, till it crosse empty and turns south ; down this our route took us some bad ground crossing two small nullas and then 3 miles, at first very Steep, then gentler, through large proceeded along the top of the spur for some dista west and descends vety steeply for i mile a small north, and is about 5 yards u'ide ; then up a very top of the ridge. The ascent and descent are both ve 500 and 6oo feet respectively. On the top of this r north and gradually ascends for ij miles through fi plenty of grass. The route runs along the spur whic mile and then drops suddenly to a small stream ne Steeply from it, then down through fine bamboo jungle III! m Eli-; 3- i-w PUBIP IJAIO ft, : : 8111H "!43 -Sip pui
: IISH "!4D \
li i 1 1 li 1 n 1
I i |.
t ? ? fc.| "
w n Q
"E s
ll>S
6 Z
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
Ills -~||: =!?ft'-ili î?l|l^ .^Si c!;^=i ffi S = |5 r- p 5 " o -S c u. S'JS 'Pea
^ ^<
11 sill = ^Ps':s 4111 .iîll|lii|
dbyGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
General direction west-north-west. The path leaves Falam on the northwest and goes up lo the top of the hill ; it then tends more westerly and descends rather steeply for a mile or so when it runs along the side of the hill. At the bottom of this dei ' * ' ' water. The track is good for a bit, but soon gels ( passes by some large rocks, out of which the Tashon ) the world, and which are close to Shunkla, a villag , .. . -j- houses. Fairly good camp on south of village, also on west. Leaving Shunkla the road goes In a north-westerly direction and is fairly good. Close by the village is a plentiful supply of water. The road of course winds agooddeal, and though good for walking is not so for mules, being narrow. Close by Reshin is a stream about g or lo feet wide. There is a good camping ground close to the village on the road from the south-east from Falam. Leaving Reshen the track goes west -north -west all along the side of the hill, and is not very good. There was a little water on the road in December. At the 4lh mile Hlonmwel is reached. It is a village of about 50 or 6a houses. There is a good camping-ground with plenty of water on the northwest of the village. Leaving Hlonmwel the road still goes west-north-west and is very bad, being much cut up by nullas, the ascent and descent of which are mostly very difficult. This is for about ai miles, when the road greatlv improves. There is water in most of these nullas. At about 3i miles from Hlonmwel the road rounds a spur (and goes west), from which Kwungli is visible at about \ a. mUe distant
a None One None None E a
3 i G 1
E -E
1 Shunkla Reshen Hlonmwel ... Kwungli
d Z
dbyGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
I as-j
s^ s E i
8-SI .1 Pjii Il3ll
;2 J| g^l M-3 l^l-s -i -I "- 3" ga l|li:M 5 "rill*!
23
i5-=
Hi
JsSa
3 s I'll;! ' ill 2.; tir
11
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
pi 8 H'i
=5 o S " a
a ill
||]s I- J ill ii M ilSi 11' iJ& l"51 't3Sl IJÎ:'- JES-^ sbi llJ; ^|g| S|'.?:| flgs-~ iÛlllfl iil^-s IIMli li;-i
l:.?S|-2'a zs&E-; p|SfJ| e5!,^|-S' i |t.|-S g-s J s- |-S"gj E-Jap-S eJ-S"! ^ls3a;5SS3 ii-sll Isii^.g lJa.-a-i
I 1 1
II
dbyGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
ta-S
SB 8
iig tiri mmim Ei g- gc li
p.
B 8^
asB
:-?sx8i~ ii'>^ a S3
>??
;s-Bi
2 " c 1 -g oTj-s -'s " 3 o - Bp-^CMffi ^=~.^ " n-2ii g-S ,_*_ j^^^SnurJ u e E J: ^ c 2 ^^y^^S î'O M2bfe2;5e^'gfegSaS='=SE:'S^^
-Co rt K fl
sis
Jl-I
dbjGoogle
1 Leaving Rumklao, the path descends and goes north fgeneral direction) for about 2 miles, fairly good road and easy gradient, to a stream which it crosses ; then rises about Son or i,ooo feet, crossing a small hill, and descends again on to another small stream which it crosses. It then skirts the stream Klangrong village, 39 is very bad, being The second a miles ground on river on by which is a small stream. The last 3 miles of the track along the side of a sleep hill ; it is narrowand broken, g is also bad, being steep and narrow. Good camping- g east of village.
and passing thmueh cultivations, kaing-grass and tree-jungle, crosses S the range at the back of Minkin camp and drops down on to ihe Govern- -i ment road, about i mile or less south of the post. The track is very steep and is not good in parts. There is wter (December) at about 2^ miles from Klangrong in a cultivation. -1 II Two streams, branches o f the Pao river. Small stream, another of the sources of the Pao tiver. None
i i a 1 ^1
i 1 ^ i
1 s s
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS-
i i
x)ad leading to Haka. hrough Minkin village and the general direction is east. After leaving Minkin village the road goes more or lets ircle following the shape of the valky to a spur south-east to this point water is very plentiful all along the road (March) suitable camping-grounds. Thetrack then turns east and rising 300 or 400 leet ; from this point it still goes east and to TTiikwe!, ij bo a miles from the spur. There is a good i with plenty of water. m 1
to the north and back again Hows the curve of the valley, gets to the north-east of the out <Soo feet higher than the nning of this rise. From the cast and descends about 800 of waler i it then rises âJn ck is narrow and steep, and except at water.
1 K 111 El e track goes in a wkle curve al direction being east. It f descending slightly till it rises and crosses a spur ab w plenty of waler at the beg the track goes a little north Te is what is almost a stream reaches Vonmwei. The tra 1. No good camping-ground
By Government Thetrack goes slightly south, level in a semi-c of Minkin. Up and so there ar descends a little camping-groun Jill From Lyenhai th south, ihegener ascending anc village, when it village. There top of the spur feet to where ih and going east broken in place.
5^ 1 S
IS Pi S J 6
fij 1 1 z 1
1 i - ^ '
1 1 II j = "
! S
! 1
1 1 1 g
<5
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
^ The track rises after leaving Yonmwel and going east, descends into the village sharply. No good camping-ground, but sufficient water near this village. The track is moderate. The track again rises after leaving Shimpi and going east, keeps fairly level for nearly 3 miles, when it turns round a spur and goes almost north-west and slightly down into the village. About a miles from Ralon is another track going to the left which, risir^, crosses the spur higher and goes to where the old post used to he above the village. There is a very small spring of water which is not very good, about a miles from Raton, at which village there is a good camping-ground with plenty of water. From Ralon (Ralawnl the track, passing through the west of village, goes in a semi-circle round tfie hill, at first descending and then rising, the last J mile being fairly level. There is a very small stream about half-way, but there is no good camping-groupd and not much water near Tawk. Track is very bad m parts. From Tawk the road goes north, slightly east, and crossing the hill rises about 800 to 1,000 feet. From this point it turns to the west and descending about the same amount comes by a difficult path in Ko Hlun. Here there is an excellent campingground with plenty of water on the east of the village and close ic it. There is an old disused Government road near Tawk, which used to lead to Falam from Hanta. From Ko Hlun the track goes round in a northerly direction and rising crosses a spur and descends into Tweyat. It is very steep and rather bad in parts. There Is no good camping-ground here and not much water. Going west from Tweyat the track turns close by the village and going south descends about 600 feet or more imo a valley where there is a small stream and an excellent campjng-ground. The track then goes north-west and rising about the same amount crosses a spur and turns west and going
None None ... Very small stream. None None Two small streams. i s a i J i" a R ^ * * S II
1 Shimpi Ralon or Ralawn Ko Hlun Tweyat
6 Z " ., <= CO
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
1 liiOlf^
il i;-fl^|i&:t. %^s'-% issif up^-.
fsil
=J!s
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
1 s 1
A General direction eastnorth-east. The road crosses the river at the camp ; it is not fordaWe, but during the rationing season boats are usually procur^le. A Chin rope is stretched across the river 3oo yards below the camp. The road runs along the bank for a few hundred yards and then ascends, at first steeply, afterwards more gradually, for 6 miles to Moran, a squalid village of houses with a fair watersupply and indifferent cam ping- ground to east. The two villages of Koval are on the side of the opposite side valley, distance 3 miles. The padi leaves village in a northerly direction and skirts hill for i^ miles : then rises steeply to lop of range, which is reached in 4 miles ; thence road descends very steeply to Tawyan, and there is an (xcellent camjMog-ground 100 yards before the village is reached.
Wo/*. From Tawyan, Sihanng may be reached in 15 miles. Road ascends a miles to saddle and then runs through the MinlMaung viUêa, Khnpler, Haitui. and Ta Lon, and then gradually descending crosses the Myachannggyi and Myachaunggale streams, and thence runs by fairly level ground The road leads up the Tawyan spur in a northerly direaion and ateng hillside 1 [or 3 miles to a small stream and then ascends through laungyas to Sinyawl, and passing through it descends steeply lo deep nulla and ascends verye steeply to Khilan, where there is an excellent camp on the saddle above the village, using the water in the vilUge water-leads. Kawlyawl is 4 miles to the north by a good and fairly level road. JVnto. From Khitan B road run, down to indin, which is reached in ao aaitn by a fair track*
li i i
u 3 b 1
IS .9-
S" g s
E Ul
-i t . ,
1 i s s
iS $
Q ^^
i U.
_il i
i 1 1
1 1
s (2 fifi
'^
dbjGoogle
ItOAD REPORTS.
6S2 1.6 8
sîit .: -a
'Jill :i: illla .si la
I I
dbjGoogle
ftOAD REPORTS.
U t
If
aXS Stl
s I
i f 1 I !
dbjGoogle
1'
ROAD REPORTS.
I 'I -sis, "J s -^jf^ -iB^-la-sae-. ^ -" " ti.S S ûOûtp *u
c >, ~ ^ te " X
s 8 lit
l^lll J1lili|| fill i|tl lllsil ll|||iJ
s- *
?flS8,|
s-ii.g
loS
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
>I From Kanta the road run* westwards and after crossing a nulla rises gradually for about 2 miles to the top of a bridge which is crossed. At 6^ miles from Kanla the village of Kandaw, consisting of 70 or So houses, is reached. There is no accommodation for troops worth mentioning in this village. It is surrounded by a thorn hedge. There are two tanks with plenty of waier, except in the dry season, one to the south-west and the other about ^ a mile further along the road, but the Quality of their water is doubtful The road up to this has been fair, but heavy in parts and broken in others ; from here onwards it becomes very sandy and heavy and passes ". From tlte 8th to loth mile it runs along (he telegraph < ; latter distance enters an extensive forest of small villages scattered about in this, but none are of any importance. About the I Ith mile there is a small well of good water near the road and a little beyond a broad, sandy nulla is crossed, from the bed of which water can be got by digging. At about 14 miies is the village of Ingyinbin with a pftngyi kyaung and somexayata. Onward from here the niad crosses a chaung two or three times, and a mile farther on is the villaee of Tibbia 15 miles in all from Karla and 31 miles from Pakfikku. Tibbia consists of about 30 houses and there is a civil police post here. There is a well in the enclosure, but the quality of the water is doubtful- There is a rest-camp here with sheds in fair order, east side of the camp surrounded by a bamboo single stockade. Water can be got by digging holes in the chaung about 100 yards from the camp, and small supplies of chickens and eggs in the village, also grass and paddy for animals. This march is a very trying one for troops and is more i! 1 1 1 Q 1 i is " II E
1^ } 1 H
1 -
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
^'ill illi!.lliiili|i1H^^'^
Ml tij fli!iiiiiiH2M5|5|yiKii 1!liiniSls='|lJl|l!il^ W!!|ii1i lilSI l!lf!sliilrii;' Jill filliii
DioilizedbjGOOgle
ROAD REPORTS.
The direction of this march lies west-north-west. The roadcrosses the Yaw river the first time about i of a mile from Pyinchaung. This ford Is only practicable in the dry season, at which time the river is about loo yards wide and 3 feel deep. The current is strong and the bed of thf river firm. After the crossing the road follows the course of the river for about 1^ miles and then turns gradually to the left and passes thepecia the road is taken down by a en feet above the level of the Haka. TheK is plenty of c best being just above the bank
now ascends, having crossed the a saddle at an elevation of abou the hill until Hanta post is reachi
O ^
M b
i"
1 J ?. a X 3 h s
|| 1 =
" E
a. ;
i^ 5
to :=
tn
Nanpa Hanta
(j
DioilizedbjGOOgle
ROAD REPORTS.
5. I S M Z H
i General direction south-west Leaving the Haka post the road follows the Klangklang road tor about a mile and then turns of! down the valley of the stream to the south-west of Haka. At about 3 miles it crosses this and runs steeply up a spur to the top of the ridge, beyond which it crossesand descends more gradually by another spur to the N^par-var at about 6 miles. Crossing this it runs over another ridge and down to the Boinu river by a sleep ascent and descent. It then runs down (he left bank of Ihe Boinu to a point where it crosses it at about 7i miles. The stream is here about 30 feet broad and I fool deep. The path now ascends very steeply tor about J of a mile and reaches the top of a spur, along which it runs, ascending much more gradually for about li miles. It then ascends again steeply for about a jof a mile to the lop of the ridg'e at about 10 miles. From here the next 1 mile is level and then there is 3 very steep and almost precipitous descent into the valley beyond. Crossing the small stream at the bottom, the path leads round the foot of the gh conical peak which can be seen from most points in ihe _ At about 13} miles reaches the Lawtainavar and follows it upwards, still round the base
of Pupiklang, for about a mile, crossing it three or four limes. The path then leaves it and runs up a spur, very steep, where it leaves the stream, but more gradually higher up to the lop of a high ridge, and from here it runs pretty steeply down the whole way to Kusa at 1^ miles. The campingground is on a very small stream to the north of the village. The site is cramped and much overgrown. On the opposite hill to Kusa to the northwest, about 3 miles off, can be seen the large Klangklang village of Klangrwa. ") i!
I .5 o 1 i 5 1 H
i i
z -
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPOttTS,
General direction south-west. The path ninw south along the side of the hill below the village till it reaches the top of a spur, when it runs downhill petty steeply to i mile, beyond which it is fairly level, running along the hill sides and crossing two or three small streams. At 5 miles it reaches the village of Saungtia, through which it passes. Saungtia is a village of about 70 houses, tributaty to Haka. Water from streams on both sides. From Saungtia a path runs south to Laitet. Set Route No. 35A, Haka to Naring vid Bwenlon and Aibur, Stfe 3 1 distance aboiit 1+ miles. The path still continues fairly level to 7 miles, when it bends sharply round to the west along the watershed between the valleys of the Tangfiorr-var and the Laaw-var. At about 8 miles there is a pretty sleep ascent to the top of a ridge. At about 9 miles from here there is a steep descent to a small stream and then the path runs up a long spur to the crest of the ridge above Hripi, From here it run* down a steep spur and crossing a small stream runs up into the viliaee. Hripi is a very picturesquely situated Height above the sea is 5,700 feet. The cam ping- ground is in a small valley 600 yards to the south of the village, where there is a small stream of good water. From Hripi the southern road from Haka to Fort Tregear and Lungleh branches off to the west. General direction south-west. The road runs up from the village for about 300 yards and passes over a spur and begins to descend round the hillside by a good path, not very steep. At about 3 miles it leads out into a beautiful, flat, grassy valley of some 400 acres, beautifully situated among hills, which rise on the north side in perpendicular cliffs, and watered by a fine clear stream called the Paipi-var. The path runs down this valley for about a mile, when it crosses the Paipi-var by a foot-bridge and runs along the o(v posite hillside, fairly level and easy-going, crossing several small streami and running west At 6 miles the path bends to the south and commences 1i 11 OS Several small Paipi-var. Nuitvar, and several small streams. i 1 M '^' a i|
Miles. '3 9\ 1 i 1
Z. w
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
8-s 1^" t g .y 5 2 2 5?c a.5
ccxxi.
111* si ;ill i Ji liiri Ksl f I? IiUHI I i
!SII ElSiiSiB
i^3l,pei.|il
E 2 S -II
1I II
if
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
' totheHlampSat jmiles. From here it follows the bed of the stream, crossing and reci-ossing it five times to its junction with the Tanghorr-var at 7i miles. There is no village here and no supplies except water and firewood. Camp can be pitched on the right bank of the Tanghorr-var just below the junction. General direction south -south-east. The road runs down the bed of theTanghorrvar for about similes, crossing and recrossing it 13 limes and running over stones and boulders and among rocks. It is a very tiring bit of road and would be impassable when the river is in flood. There is another path which crosses the stream once, and running over the hill beyond, joins this path further on. At 3^ milesthe path leaves thes:ream and runsvery steeply up to the crest of a spur to the point where the alternative path mentioned above joins it again at about 4i miles. From here it runs gradually up along the too of the spur with a few steep ascents for short distances, till it strikes the road from Haka to Naring md Bwenlftn and Aibur, at about 9 miles. For further description sit above route. The Tanghorr-var flows into the Boinu river about 4i miles north-west o meaning "great water." At the point where it is joined by the Tanghorr-var the Boinu again bendi to the south and flows round the base of a high mountain, the eastern slopes of which are in many places sheer precipices of great height. If 1 [2 i a 1
t t II 'i 1 s z
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
1 < 1 s 1 i z (2
1 The road leaving the Haka post ran west along the road to Furt Tregear for 1} miles and then turned south-west and led along the lower slopes of the Rongklang, gradually bending to the south. The road was a narrow palh, with steep ascents and descents for short distances, where it crossed the numerous small nullas flowing west. At 3I miles it crossed a spur, and began to descend steeply into the valley of the Neparvar. This is a clear stream flowing west into the Boinu. From here it followed the course of the stream upwards for nearly a miles, crossing it about twenty times, and then ascended a spur, the top' of which is reached at about 6i miles.
From this point another path leads off to the soulh-cast to Thetta, about ig miles from Haka. The ro^d after tunning along the side of the spur for a short distance descends very steeply to the Utivar and ascends as steeply to the top of the opposite range, from which it immediately descends by a steep spur to ihe Saorellvar at about 10 miles. This stream also flows west to the Boinu and, with the other two streams previously crossed, contains a plentiful sunolv of water all the year round. The road from here crosses: ends to the Boinu, at about iz miles; so far the ) th-west, but for the next 4 miles it leads general] _ theBoinuil at once crosses the river, which is here about 90 feet broad and li feet deep in the dry weather, though it must be a large stream after rain ar flood. It is a fine, clear stream, with deep pools flow 1 of a deep valley. The bed is rocky, firm, and _ _ it the path runsdown the course of the stream along the 'right bank and in places the khud towards the river is danles, gradient i in 7 or I all the way and impracticable for mules to pass one another. From ij miles to mile3the route is nearly level ; camping-ground at mile 3. From mile 3 to mile 3} the route descends to the Nctpyawchaung, where there is plenty of water all the year round. From the Nelpyawchauiw to Hanta is a steady rise at a gradient of I in 8, the distance bng S miles ; 3 miles from Hanta there is a plentiful waterMules leaving Hanta unloaded at sunrise for Kunehaung as anile return loaded at a-30 P.m. The hillsides are more or less precipttous throughout, and a great deal of shale is met with, which is liable to slip at any time during the rans and thus btock the road temporarily. II 1 i a 1 t î s 1 1 X
d z
'^
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
ccxivii. ^ Leaving Hanta post the road runs north-west over the range above and down nearly 3,000 feet to the river Nanpathi. Three miles from HanU is a site for a camp with good water 40 yards north of the road. The mule.track leads to the junction of the Nanpathi and Pao-var. The Chin track, leading to the best dry-weather ford, leaves the mule-track at about 7J miles and crosses the Nanpathi below the track and there is a light Chin bridge. From Nanpathi the road runs up to the top of the Minkin ridge, passingTroc and above Ralawn there is a good camping-ground. The road between the Nanpathi and Ralawn is likely to become very bad during the r^ns. From Ralawn the road runs along the Minkin range and ciosang =* -^ =-'" *- ' ' "-" --eling the Haka mule-track at 36Lh mile. n village. Between Ralawn and KarOn th Jut 7 miles from Ralawn. Laiyo village 1 By to KarAn. .S ll |l -1 }i 1! si.
1-
1^ Nanpathi river, 40 yards wide ; [ordable in dry weather, not in the rains ; is crossed by a small, t e m porary bridge buiUbythe4th Madras Pioneers. Water plentiful near camp. One sprii% of water in dense jungle at mile 33 3 1 1 i o i
5 ? a; i M i .
ff 1? t:
*i s
1 2 i 3 Z Ralawn Karfln 1 Be
1 <, '
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS,
z Id f3 O
IS lis, la
3=1
/sriJ-!f Hf
lis s;?1"1i!l
s i^
^^'^tms
S-^l~i
"so. e S
|3-|
g fil i o. w
. '
r 1 rt
1 1
E a.
^ M
dbjGoogle
s.Egi|
30 no-a
BOAD REPORTS.
58":S
Il^l iilil-il l<s|ll
iiiill M S E E f ^-^ '^ "
ill sHlit 1 1 |l.-5,:SSi
3, Google
ROAD REPORTS,
u H
ee Leaving camp the path goes through the village southward and then turns lo the right and goes down a long, steep descent to the Boinu var, which it reaches at 4 miles. Path bad in places. It then goes do-,vn bed after rain. Leaving the river, path ascends very steeply up to the left round a shoulder and down to a stream. Then a steep ascent for a miles, then i mile level into the village. Camp i mile south o( village j good large ground with plenty of water, 8tc. where there is a stream, then 'there is a very long sleep hill for 3 miles; difficult for mnn and mules. After this a capital path with steep descent from top of hill to the Hti-Hli var. Last mile very steep and dangerous for mules. Then up the bed f the Hti-Hii var, which is crossed continually. Direction nearly due south. There is a good supply of water, but not much wood. The village is on the right bank about loo feet up. Supplies may be got here. This is a good base for operations to the south and south-wet as runners can reach Miny wa in two days and coolies can be got from the vil> lagp to bring up supplies.
1g Boinu var (cross* ' ed tour times),
yards bro^. Small stream ... Streams at the camp and at 3i miles. Hti-Hti var 17 times: a feet deep. IS yards broad. 1 i I a 1 s
H 1 -
1 1 1
i -
3, Google
ROAD REPORTS.
s>-S.|.5.5^ 6 s ^^ 8^ '" "
E = 5i
!.|
lifl 1^1 Pill gill îs.all'â 8 J. 6 I'Ss^'ll*
ill'
DioilizedbjGOOgle
ROAD REPORTS.
1 1 1 1 i2
(S Track crosses hill and through village of Belai ; crosses another hill ; then descends to a good camp at a stream. Road would require mending for
mules. Ascends through village of Kalung. At i\ miles road becomes very precipitous ; very bad camp on side of hill. Water-supply limited. Track ascends bare hill up to 9,500 feet and runs along ridge for 9 miles, then descends to village. Excellent camp on other side of village. Track turns back through part of Rawywa, then up to a bare hill. Water at si and 6} miles, also at 9 miles. Camp on side ni hill by a small stream ; height 5,200 feet 1 a long march, but not hard except for mules and ponies. Across a valley to village of Shirshi along the hill, then down to stream with camp on each side. Steep and difficult ascent for 3 miles to 7,800 feet t stream at 5^ miles; camp on other side of villê. Good ground. Easy march, slight ascent, then long descent down a nulla to the Hli-Hti var.
1| 1 i i i i 1 1 X 1 Q 1
1 ^1 i t -^ s t " - "
i 5 1 1 1 1 1 S .2 3 S J
ON -
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
ccliii.
^M
1 ii
>E 2 n * S'S
Ij ='S^ 1 Ii i 1
i! 11 rough ihe boilom ol nge above Kwahran lop 3 miles and th mife a stream <o f. through taungyas to 1 il ii 'J fi il fi 1 (2 en 1 1 II ill ry bad one, goes th leeply to top of ra h, and runs along spur. At the 6lh i
runs along hillside d being very good. 1-4 m
SiS 111 lit III he road, which is a vs villas and ascends s nearly 8,ooo feet hig streply along top of crossed and road then the last half of the roa 1 11 1^
a. H 0. o:
Eojiooa uiio
OOE puB jCjiubjui ^ t
oSi JO utun|03BXq o X
ipieui uo uaîBi auiix
" 1^ S8
i - E
.^ e Z |S 1 P J X [I. s imoi 1 ? 5 S
1 -aiBipauijaiu] 1 s -
1 2,-1 1 5
i{H*> in J <
dbjGoogle
ROAD REPORTS.
1 Path runs alongside of spur In easterly direction, I mile to stream, lo (eet broad, crosses it and ascends spur 2 miles to top of range, then descends 6 miles to low saddle, where there is small stream of water aoo yards down khud on south side. Path then ascends for 4 miles and runs along top of ridge fairly level to the village. Path runs along top of ridge for 3 miles, descends ij miles to saddle, and then again ascends ij miles to top of ridge, runs along lop a miles and descends steeply 2 miles to the stream, then ascends crossing a low range and descends to the stream. General direction east.
Road crosses two small ranges and for the last 10 milea runs through level country to the village. General direction east. Road runs through the paddy-fields and Shonshi village, crossing river at southern end of Gangaw village. River {February 1894) 80 yards wide and 2 feet deep. General direciion nurth-east. [Note. The path is not fit for mule transport.] fi3!|0O3 UI40 OOB pU8 AJ1UBJUI oSl JO uuinioDcXq 43JBUI uo U3)|BJ 3U1IX 1 . . . X ji One stream ... Tributary to the Zahaw chaung. Several streams now dry {February 1894). Myittha and smaller sttreams 1 a IBTOi 1 E S ajBipauijaiU] |. . . ^
1 Tonwa camp, on north-west, \ mile from the village. Pyaunglon stream. Zibia camp, on north-east of village. Gangaw
dbjGoogle
o a.
ROAD REPORTS.
21-0 325 :ii|$|5 = Ji
\n
^2Se_^
S3., Do. S"30 ,, 5,t:=^5Sji* " "*îii .0-3
Sse-5"'S "^s = s-e ^'^c'S'^f u^ asJJ.
dbjGoogle
dbjGoogle

The Chin Hills History

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

The Chin Hills History

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Web Moving Images Texts / Audio Software Patron Info About IA Projects /stream/chinhillsahisto00tuck goog/chinhillsahisto00tuckgoog_djvu.txt / stream/chinhillsahisto00tuckgoog/chinhillsahisto00tuckgoog_djv u.

txtFPRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=(navigation image)"

Search: Search See other formats

Anonymous Up Advanced User (login loa or join us) d

Full text of "The Chin Hills: a history of our people"

THE CHIN HILLS:

RANGOON: PRINTED BV THE SUFBRINTENDBNT. GOVBRNMBNT FRtNTtNO, BURMaI

CONTENTS. PART III. GAZETTEER OF VILLAGES.

Digitized ov Google 396390 ^

t RotD Reports m rss Csmtral Chim Hills.

cot I. ccxiv, cczv. ccxvii. ccidx. ccxxyi. ocxxx. ccxxxii.

ccxxxiv. ccxssvU ccxxxviii. Gcxxxix.

cclii. cdiiL oelv.

PART III. GAZETTEER OF VILLAGES.

PART llf. Gazetteer of Villages.

Gaaeiteer of villages in the Northern Chin Hills.

Tribe. Villages. 1. Thado or Kuki ... a. Yo 3. Nwit* 16 9 Total 36

The Siyin villages.

I. Koset 3. Lope 3. Sagyilain 4. Toklaing 5. Vokia

^-erj-iv: Ir:er- 1 ..ines. ..ueB:

Sial Na Name of village. No. ot houses. Situation.

Serial No. Name ot village. No. of houses. Situation.

the Haitsik and Saimwell streams.

6 9. Phunum 58 10. Saiyan 70 II. Wunkathe 108 11. Yanyaul 10

Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Siluation.

Name of resident Chief. I 2

Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses.

Serial No. Name of village.

Serial Na Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.

Serial No. Name of village.

Serial No. Name erf village. No. of houses. Situation.

Name of resident Chief. 1 3

Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Sh.a,l<,.

Name of resident Chief. I

Tiddim by road. S* Route No. t. Stage 4. PowKaYam.

n at north of village ; village not stock-

Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.

Name of resident Chief. I

Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses.

Situation. Communications. Name of resident Chief. I 3 3 4 5 6 33

and thence up the Tang Tung hill to village 3 miles. Benar.

Serial No. Name of village. No. rf houses. Situation.

Serial Na Name of vUlage. No. of houses. Situation.

Name of resident Chief. I

Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.

subOTdinate to Howchinkup. Village disarmed.

Serial No. Name of

e called " Make " and the trans-river Soktes

Serial No. Name of vilbge. No. of houses. SHuation. Communications.

Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.

Name of resident Chief.

Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses.

Serial No. Name of rillage. No. of houses. Situation.

Name of resident Chief. 1 3 3 4 S 6 42 Lamyan ... 33

Serial Na Name of village. No. of Situation.

Serial Ho. Name of village.

Remarks. People Yos, subordinate to Howchinkup. Elevation a,ooo feci.

Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.

Name of resident Chief. I 9 3 4 5 6 46 Losow ... 37

Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses. Situation.

Serial No. Name of village. No. of houses.

J/tmarks People Vos ; migrated from Vanglai

inder Yalin, present head-