Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Thanh Phng
1920
ti rng ri
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Tri phiu l loi chng khon xc nhn quyn v li ch hp php ca ngi s hu i vi mt phn vn n ca t chc pht hnh (Lut Chng Khon)
Tri phiuchng khon n ngi pht hnh (ngi i vay) ngi s hu( ch n)
V d: Cng ty A mun huy ng 10 t ng, bng cch pht hnh 10.000 tri phiu. Vy mi tri phiu c mnh gi l ?
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- T sut li danh ngha ny c xc nh bi cc iu kin th trng ti thi im cho bn v cng b theo t l phn trm so vi mnh gi tri phiu. - Thng thng c 2 phng thc tr li: 6 thng/ln hoc 1 nm/ln.
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V d: Tri phiu cng ty A - Mnh gi: 1.000.000 ng - Mc li ghi trn tri phiu: 9%/nm
Tr ng h p 1: nh k tr li 1 nm/l n. Ti n li/nm? Tr ng h p 2: nh k tr li 6 thng/l n. Ti n li/nm?
V d: Tri phiu Kho bc M (U.S. Treasury Bond) Pht hnh 1/1/1999 K hn: 3 nm Mnh gi (Par value): $ 1000 Gi mua: $ 1000 T sut li (coupon rate): 6%/nm, tr hng nm
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$ 1.060
$ 1000 Ngy pht hnh $ 60 $ 60 $ 60 1999 2000 Thi hn - Price: - $ 1000 2001 2002 Ngy o hn
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T 5 n 10 nm Trung hn
Trn 10 nm Di hn
3. c im tri phiu
C k hn nht nh, cui k phi hon li vn gc cho tri ch. T sut li tri phiu c xc nh trc v tnh li trn mnh gi. Ngi cm tri phiu c u tin tr n trc c ng khi cng ty b gii th thanh l ti sn.
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u thu li sut:
V d: pht hnh 600 triu USD NT A B C D E Mc ng k 200 100 300 100 100
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TRI PHIU
TRI PHIU K DANH (REGISTERED BOND)
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Theo li tc:
TRI PHIU CHIT KHU (ZERO COUPON BOND)
TRI PHIU
TRI PHIU TR LI (COUPON BOND)
TRI PHIU C LS N NH (STRAIGHT BOND)
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Theo
ch th pht hnh:
TRI PHIU CHNH PH
TRI PHIU
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-TRI PHIU THU NHP (INCOME BONDS) - TRI PHIU C TH CHP (MORTGAGE BONDS) - TRI PHIU KHNG TH CHP (DEBENTURE)
- TRI PHIU C TH CHUYN I (CONVERTIBLE BONDS) - TRI PHIU C TH CHUC LI (CALLABLE BONDS) - TRI PHIU C LI SUT N NH (STRAIGHT BONDS) - TRI PHIU C LI SUT TH NI (FLOATING RATE BONDS) - TRI PHIU CHIT KHU (ZERO COUPON BONDS) - TRI PHIU QUC T (FOREIGN BONDS)
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I. nh gi TP
1. Cc loi gi ca TP
Gi cp 1 (Par value, Face Value) Gi cp 2 (Market Value) Hin gi (Present Value)
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ngha ca mnh gi
- L s vn gc hon tr cho tri ch ti thi im o hn. - L c s tnh li tri phiu nh k.
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1.2. Gi cp 2 Th gi (Market Value) - L gi tr m chng khon thc s mua bn trn th trng, n ph thuc vo quan h cung cu v chng khon.
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Cj: Tin tr li nh k (Coupon) i: Li sut ca th trng hay li sut o hn F: Mnh gi tri phiu n: S nm cho n lc o hn
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2. NH GI TRI PHIU
1. nh gi tri phiu thng thng (Straight bond)
C C C F + + ... + + P = 2 n n 1+ r (1 + r ) (1 + r ) (1 + r )
C F P= + t (1 + r) (1 + r)n t =1
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a. Tr li nh k 1 nm 1 ln
1 (1 + r ) n n P = C + F (1 + r ) r
b. Tr li nh k 6 thng 1 ln
Bi tp
1/. Mt l tri phiu c mnh gi 100 triu ng vi li sut DN l 10%nm v c tr 6 thng 1 ln, thi hn tri phiu 5 nm. Nu sut sinh li i hi ca NDT l 15% nm, gi mua tri phiu l bao nhiu?
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Bi tp
2/. Cng ty c phn ABC pht hnh tri phiu li sut 15%/nm, mnh gi 1 triu ng, 15 nm o hn. Li sut ang lu hnh 10%/nm. Hy tnh hin gi ca tri phiu vi 2 phng thc tr li:
a. Tr li nh k na nm 1 ln b. Tr li nh k 1 nm 1 ln Rt ra nhn xt?
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1.384.340 1.380.32
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Do Cj = 0 nn ta c:
1 PV = F (1 + i)n
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Bi tp 3/. Mt loi tri phiu c thi gian o hn 20 nm nhng khng tr li nh k m ch tr vn gc l 1.000 USD vo cui k. Nu LSTT l 10%, ngi mua s chp nhn mc gi bao nhiu l hp l?
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TRI PHIU CHIT KHU - MG: 1.000 - Thi hn: 20 nm - LSTT: 10%/nm PV = 148,64
TRI PHIU TR LI - MG: 1.000 - Thi hn: 20 nm - LSTT: 10%/nm - LSCP: 9%/nm PV = 914,86
So snh PV ca cc TP tr li
Tri phiu tr li ca cng ty X: -Mnh gi: 1.000 USD -Thi gian o hn: 15 nm -Li sut th trng: 10%/nm -Li sut cung phiu: 15%/nm
Tr li 1 nm/l n: 1 1,1 -15 PV = 150 [ ] + 1.000 0,1 Tr li 6 thng/l n: 1 1,05 -30 PV = 75 [ ] + 1.000 0,05 1 = 1380,3 1,1 15 1 = 1384,31 1,05 30
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Tr li 1 nm/ln
MG: 1.000 Thi hn: 15 nm LSTT: 10%/nm LSCP: 15%/nm 1- (1+i)-n PV = C [ i ]+F (1+i)n 1
Tr li 6 thng/ln
MG: 1.000 Thi hn: 15 nm LSTT: 10%/nm LSCP: 15%/nm 1- (1+i/2)-2n 1 PV = C/2 [ ]+F i/2 (1+i)2n
PV = 1380,3
PV = 1384,31
nh
Bi tp 1: TP hng li nh k
NT A mua tri phiu Chnh ph c: Mnh gi 100.000 Li sut 8,5%. Thi hn 5 nm, Ngy pht hnh: 21/10/2003 Ngy n hn: 21/10/2008 Gi tri phiu vo ngy 21/10/2004? Bit rng t sut li nhun NT yu cu l 12%?
8.500 8.500 8.500 8.500 100.000 P= + + + + 2 3 4 (1+0,12) (1+0,12) (1+0,12) (1+0,12) (1+0,12)4
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= 8 9 .3 6 9 , 2 8
Bi tp 2
Cng ty A vay 50 t ng bng cch pht hnh 50.000 tri phiu. Tri phiu c thi gian trong 20 nm v li sut cung phiu l 9%/nm. Hin nay sau 5 nm lu hnh trn th trng, li sut TT hin hnh l 8%/nm, hin gi TP l bao nhiu?
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Bi tp 3: TP khng hng li nh k Chnh Ph pht hnh tri phiu ko tr li nh k, thi hn 10 nm, mnh gi l 1.000$. Nu t sut li nhun i hi ca NT l 12%, gi bn TP hin nay l bao nhiu? 322$
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Bi tp 4: TP khng c thi hn
Gi s bn mua TP dc hng li $50/nm trong khong thi gian v hn. Tnh hin gi TP bit t sut li nhun u t l 12%?
C 50 P= = = 416, 67$ i 0,12
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Nhn xt
1. kd=C/M => gi tri phiu bng mnh gi 2. kd<C/M => gi tri phiu cao hn mnh gi 3. kd>C/M => gi tri phiu thp hn mnh gi 4. Li sut tng lm gi tri phiu gim v ngc li
P= C + C + ... + C + M
(1 + k d )
(1 + k d )
(1 + k d )
(1 + k d )
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$ 2 ,5 0 0
$ 2 ,0 0 0
Bond Price
$ 1 ,5 0 0
$ 1 ,0 0 0
$500
In te r e s t R a te
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3. nh gi tri phiu c li sut th ni Dng tin ca li sut th ni gm: Phn I: mt dng tin nhn c t li sut TT. Bao gm (C + F) . Dng tin ca CK tham chiu Phn II: Dng tin da trn cc khon chnh lch
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V d:
TNH HuNG
Mt tri phiu th ni li sut mnh gi 1 triu ng. Li sut danh ngha l LIBOR 6 thng cng thm 25 im c bn. S TiN LI NHN C? a. Nu LIBOR 6 thng = 8,46%? b. Nu LIBOR 6 thng = 8%? c. NHN XT?? S tin nhn c = Li + mnh gi khi DH
= 84600 + 2.500
Bi tp 1
Tnh hung nh sau, mt nh pht hnh ng tr cao hn li sut LIBOR 6 thng mt khong l 100 im c bn, trong 2 nm, c 6 thng th ti nh li sut mt ln. Gi s, li sut chit khu hin hnh ca tri phiu 2 nm l 8,5%. Gi phi tr cho chng khon ny l bao nhiu?
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+6 thng LIBOR
CHNH D LCH
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Mnh gi ca tri phiu chuyn i Gi chuyn i = T l chuyn i V d: Tri phiu chuyn i ca ACB c mnh gi 1.000.000 VND, t l chuyn i sang CPT l 1:50. Vy gi chuyn i l ? Mnh gi ca tri phiu chuyn i T l chuyn i = Gi chuyn i V d: Tri phiu chuyn i ca ACB c mnh gi 1.000.000 VND chuyn i thnh c phiu thng vi mnh gi 100.000 VND. Vy t l chuyn i l ?
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Bi tp: 5/. Mt TPC c mnh gi 1.000.000, gi chuyn i 25.000. T l chuyn i? a. Nu gi CP = 17.000 th NT c thc hin quyn chuyn i khng? b. Nu gi CP = 25.000 th NT c thc hin quyn? c. Nu gi CP = 34.000 th s nh th no? d. Rt ra nhn xt???
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1. Li nhun t TP
Li ca li
Tin li nh k C =C% x F
Chnh lch gi
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(1 + r ) 1 C nC r
n
V d: Tri phiu ABC c li sut danh ngha l 14%, k hn 5 nm, mnh gi 100.000. Gi s NT lnh li coupon v u t vo ngn hng vi li sut hng nm l 12%. n khi o hn, NT nhn c tng li tc l bao nhiu? Li trn li ?
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O LNG LI NHUN T U T TP
1. Li sut hin hnh ( Current yield): thc o xp x ca li sut o hn.
C i= P
-i vi tri phiu tr li v thi hn th li sut hin hnh = li sut o hn -p dng i vi tri phiu tr li nh k c thi gian o hn ln (>20 nm) -Li sut hin hnh t l nghch vi gi TP.
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V d 1: Mt tri
phiu c mnh gi 1.000 USD, c li sut danh ngha l 8%/ nm, ang c bn vi gi 950 USD. Li sut hin hnh ca tri phiu ny l bao nhiu?
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2. Li sut o hn (Yield to maturity): l li sut lm cho gi tr hin ti ca cc khon thu nhp (tin li + vn) ca 1 cng c n bng vi gi ca cng c ny. Li sut o hn l thc o tt nht ca li sut. 1.1 Li sut o hn ca tri phiu tr li nh k: C C C F P= + + .... + + 2 n n (1+ i) (1+ i) (1+ i) (1+ i)
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Gi tri phiu v li sut o hn ca tri phiu mnh gi 100 la, li sut danh ngha: 9%
Li sut o hn 8,50% 8,75% 9% 9,25% 9,50% 1 2 3 4 5 6
101,64 101,97 100,81 100,98 100 98,40 98,40 100 98,08 98,08
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P =
i =
V d: Mt tri phiu tr li v thi hn hng nm tr 150$ v hin ang c gi 2000$ trn th trng. Li sut o hn? (7,5%)
F P i= P
V d: 1 tri phiu chit khu mnh gi 1 triu ng k hn 1 nm, c bn vi gi 900.000 ng. Li sut o hn? (11,1%)
1. Li sut o hn = li sut DN, gi TP = mnh gi 2. Li sut o hn > Li sut DN, gi TP < mnh gi Li sut o hn < Li sut DN, gi TP > mnh gi 3. Gi ca tri phiu v li sut o hn (hay li sut) c quan h t l nghch. - Li sut gim, gi tri phiu tng - Li sut tng, gi tri phiu gim.
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F P C+ n YTM = F + 2P 3
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Bi tp
Cng ty IQ c 1 d n u t cn huy ng gp mt khon vn 1 triu USD, cng ty pht hnh 1.000 tri phiu vi mc li sut tr cho tri phiu l 10%/nm, mi nm tr li thnh 2 k. K hn tri phiu l 10 nm. Hin nay sau 3 nm lu hnh trn TT tri phiu cng ty IQ c gi th trng l 1.050 USD. Nu NT mua tri phiu v nm gi n cho n khi o hn th mc li tc t c trn tri phiu c bng mc li sut danh ngha hay khng?
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C + Pt +1 Pt C Pt 1 Pt = + R= Pt Pt Pt
R = iC + iC G
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V d v chnh lch gi
NT mua tri phiu c mnh gi 1.000.000. Tri phiu tr li 9% cho tri ch. D kin, NT mua tri phiu vi mc gi l 1.080.000. Gi s, NT bn tri phiu vo cui nm vi gi 990.000, vy th t sut li nhun NT nhn c l bao nhiu?
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KT LUN 1. Tri phiu c t sut li nhun = li sut o hn, tri phiu c s nm cn li cho n ngy o hn bng vi s nm nm gi. 2. Gi tri phiu gim (Li sut o hn tng), t sut li nhun gim khi thi gian o hn > thi gian nm gi. 3. Thi gian o hn cng di, t sut li nhun cng bin ng. - Gi tri phiu di hn bin ng mnh hn gi tri phiu ngn hn.
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4. Thc o li sut thu hi ( Yield to call) Cng ty pht hnh tri phiu c iu khon chuc li Do , li sut o hn (YTM) = Li sut nhn c cho n khi tri phiu thu hi (YTC) Gi thu hi, (F > F) K hn nm gi, li coupon cao so vi thng thng. PV TP thu hi = PV cc dng tin trn tri phiu c mua li trc khi o hn
P =
t=1
C (1 + y ' )
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F ' + (1 + y ' )
Bi tp
Cng ty ABC pht hnh tri phiu c th chuc li. Tri phiu ny c mnh gi $1.000, k o hn 10 nm, li sut 10%/nm. Tri phiu c iu khon chuc li sau 5 nm vi gi chuc li tng 10% so vi mnh gi. Hin nay sau 3 nm lu hnh trn th trng, tri phiu c gi $1,050. Hy tnh t l sinh li tc thi, t l sinh li o hn, t l sinh li chuc li ?
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V d sut sinh li d kin: Li sut trn TT hin nay l 8%/ nm, tri phiu ca cng ty A c th em li nhng sut sinh li nh sau nu nm gi cho ht nm ti: a. 15% , xc sut t c li sut ny l 30% b. 18%, xc sut t c l 20% c. 3%, xc sut t c l 50% Sut sinh li d kin l: 9,60%
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V d ri ro:
1. Tri phiu A nh nu trn vi sut sinh li d kin sau 1 nm l 9,60% 2. Tn phiu kho bc T-Bill thi hn 1 nm cho li sut o hn (= t sut sinh li d kin) l 9,60%
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Thay i ca yu t
Thay i ca lng cu
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ng cu tri phiu: Li sut tng, nhu cu v tri phiu tng ln. Gi tri phiu t l nghch vi li sut, v vy nhu cu tri phiu tng ln khi gi tri phiu gim (li sut tng). ng cung tri phiu: Li sut gim, gi tri phiu tng, lng cung TP tng ln (do vic i vay r hn) Cn bng th trng: Bd = Bs, Th trng cn bng khi mc li sut 17,6% v mc gi TP l 850$. mc gi ny lng cung v cu TP l 300$ t.
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1. Ca ci
A. Kinh t tng trng, ca ci , Bd , Bd dch chuyn sang phi
3. Ri ro
A. Ri ro ca tri phiu , Bd , Bd dch sang phi B. Ri ro ca nhng ti sn khc , Bd , Bd dch sang phi
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Kt lun: Khi lm pht d tnh tng, gi tri phiu s gim, v li sut tng ln
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Trong thc t, trong chu k tng trng kinh t, li sut thng tng, do gi tri phiu gim
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