GDB

AnIntroductiontoGDB
Introductionto GDB
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FreeElectrons.Kernel,driversandembeddedLinuxdevelopment,consulting,trainingandsupport.http//freeelectrons.com
Introduction
GNUGNUisNotUNIX
RecursiveAcronym FreeSoftware
GCCGNUCompilerCollection
C,C++ ADA Fortran Java,etc.,
GDBGNUSymbolicDebugger
Supportswidevarietyoflanguages
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GNUSymbolicDebugger
Adebuggerforseverallanguages,includingCandC++ Itallowsyoutoinspectwhattheprogramisdoingatacertain pointduringexecution. Errorslikesegmentationfaultsmaybeeasiertofindwiththe helpofgdb.
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Stepsrequiredduringcompilation
Normally,youwouldcompileaprogramlike:
gcc[flags]<sourcefiles>o<outputfile>
Forexample:
gccWallWerroransipedanticerrorsprog1.coprog1
Nowyouaddagoptiontoenablebuiltindebuggingsupport (whichgdbneeds):
gcc[otherflags]g<sourcefiles>o<outputfile>
Forexample:
gccWallWerroransipedanticerrorsgprog1.coprog1.x
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GettinginandoutofGDB
GettingIn
gdb gdbprogram gdbprogrampid gdbprogramcore startGDB,withnodebuggingfiles begindebuggingprogram attachprogramtorunningpid debugcoredumpcoreproducedby program
GettingOut
quitorq Ctrld
Help
gdbhelp describecommandlineoptions
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Executingtheprogram
setargs<args...>
Setargumentstopasstoprogramtobedebugged.
run
Runtheprogramtobedebugged.
kill
Killtherunningprogram.
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BreakpointsandWatchpoints[1/2]
break<where>
Setanewbreakpoint.
watch<where>
Setanewwatchpoint.
delete<breakpoint#>
Removeabreakpoint.
delete/enable/disable <watchpoint#>
Likebreakpoints.
clear
Deleteallbreakpoints.
enable<breakpoint#>
Enableadisabled breakpoint.
disable<breakpoint#>
Disableabreakpoint.
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BreakpointsandWatchpoints[2/2]
function_name
Break/watchthenamed function.
break/watch<where>if <condition>
Break/watchatthegiven locationiftheconditionis met.Conditionsmaybe almostanyCexpressionthat evaluatetotrueorfalse.
line_number
Break/watchthelinenumber inthecurrentsourcefile.
condition<breakpoint#> <condition>
Set/changetheconditionof anexistingbreakor watchpoint.
file:line_number
Break/watchtheline
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Steppingthroughtheprogram[1/3]
step
Gotonextinstruction(sourceline),divingintofunction.
next
Gotonextinstruction(sourceline)butdontdiveintofunctions.
finish
Continueuntilthecurrentfunctionreturns.
continue
Continuenormalexecution.
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continue[count] c[count]
continuerunning;ifcountspecified,ignorethisbreakpointnextcounttimes
step[count] s[count]
executeuntilanotherlinereached;repeatcounttimesifspecified
stepi[count] si[count]
stepbymachineinstructionsratherthansourcelines
next[count] n[count]
executenextline,includinganyfunctioncalls 10
nexti[count] ni[count]
nextmachineinstructionratherthan sourceline
signalnum
resumeexecutionwithsignals(noneif 0)
jumpline jump*address
resumeexecutionatspecifiedline numberoraddress
until[location]
rununtilnextinstruction(orlocation)
finish
rununtilselectedstackframereturns
setvar=expr
evaluateexprwithoutdisplayingit;use foralteringprogramvariables
return[expr]
popselectedstackframewithout executing[settingreturnvalue]
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VariablesandMemory[1/3]
print/format<what>
Printcontentofvariable/ memorylocation/register.
x/nfu<address>
Printmemory. n:Howmanyunitstoprint (default1). f:Formatcharacter(likeprint) u:Unit. Unitisoneof:
b:Byte, h:Halfword(twobytes) w:Word(fourbytes) g:Giantword(eightbytes)).
display/format<what>
Likeprint,butprintthe informationaftereachstepping instruction.
undisplay<display#>
Removethedisplaywiththe givennumber.
enabledisplay<display#> disabledisplay<display#>
Enordisablethedisplaywith thegivennumber.
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Formatforprint/display/x
a c d f o s t u x Pointer Readasinteger,printascharacter Integer,signeddecimal Floatingpointnumber Integer,printasoctal TrytotreatasCstring Integer,printasbinary(t=two) Integer,unsigneddecimal Integer,printashexadecimal
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What
expression
AlmostanyCexpression,includingfunctioncalls(mustbeprefixed withacasttotellGDBthereturnvaluetype).
file_name::variable_name
Contentofthevariabledefinedinthenamedfile(staticvariables).
function::variable_name
Contentofthevariabledefinedinthenamedfunction(ifonthestack).
{type}address
Contentataddress,interpretedasbeingoftheCtypetype.
$register
Contentofnamedregister.Interestingregistersare$esp(stack pointer),$ebp(framepointer)and$eip(instructionpointer).
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ProgramStack
backtrace[n]orbt[n]
printtraceofallframesin stack;orofnframes innermostifn>0,outermostif n<0
infoframe[addr]
describeselectedframe,or frameataddr
infoargs
argumentsofselectedframe
frame[n]
selectframenumbernor frameataddressn;ifnon, displaycurrentframe
infolocals
localvariablesofselected frame
upn
selectframenframesup
inforeg[rn]... infoallreg[rn]
registervalues[forregsrn]in selectedframe;allreg includesfloatingpoint
downn
selectframenframesdown
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Sources
directory<directory>
Adddirectorytothelistofdirectoriesthatissearchedforsources.
list list<filename>:<function> list<filename>:<line_number> list<first>,<last>

Showsthecurrentorgivensourcecontext.Thefilenamemaybe omitted.Iflastisomittedthecontextstartingatstartisprinted insteadofcenteredaroundit.
setlistsize<count>
Sethowmanylinestoshowinlist.
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Informations
disassemble disassemble<where>
Disassemblethecurrentfunctionor givenlocation.
infosharedlibrary
Listloadedsharedlibraries.
infosignals
Listallsignalsandhowtheyare currentlyhandled.
infoargs
Printtheargumentstothefunctionof thecurrentstackframe.
infothreads
Listallthreads.
infobreakpoints
Printinformationsaboutthebreakand watchpoints.
showdirectories
PrintalldirectoriesinwhichGDB searchesforsourcefiles.
infodisplay
Printinformationsaboutthedisplays.
showlistsize
Printhowmanyareshowninthelist command.
infolocals
Printthelocalvariablesinthecurrently selectedstackframe.
whatisvariable_name
Printtypeofnamedvariable. 17
LoggingOutput
setloggingon
Enablelogging
setloggingoff
Disablelogging
setloggingfilefile
Changethenameofthecurrentlogfile.Thedefaultlogfileisgdb.txt
setloggingoverwrite[on|off]
Bydefault,gdbwillappendtothelogfile.Setoverwriteifyouwantsetloggingontooverwrite thelogfileinstead
setloggingredirect[on|off]
Bydefault,gdboutputwillgotoboththeterminalandthelogfile.Setredirectifyouwant outputtogoonlytothelogfile
showlogging
Showthecurrentvaluesoftheloggingsettings 18
DebuggingRemotePrograms
gdbserver
Utilityrunsonthetarget Acceptscommandsfromhostmachine
gdb
Runsonhostmachine
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Runninggdbserver
gdbservercommprogram[args...]
commiseitheradevicename(touseaserialline)oraTCP hostnameandportnumber. Eg:gdbserver/dev/com1emacsfoo.txt gdbserverhost:2345emacsfoo.txt
gdbserverattachcommpid
pidistheprocessIDofacurrentlyrunningprocess.
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Connectingtoremotetarget
targetremote
targetremoteserialdevice Eg.targetremote/dev/tty1 targetremotehost:port targetremotetcp:host:port Eg.targetremote107.108.204.234:1234 targetremoteudp:host:port
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FurtherStudy
Debuggingwithgdb
ThegnuSourceLevelDebugger By RichardStallman,RolandPesch,StanShebs,etal.
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Q?
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ThankYou
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AnIntroductiontoGDB

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