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BAI TP NNG CAO 8

1/ Ha tan hon ton 4 gam hn hp mt kim loi ha tr III v mt kim loi ha tr II cn dng ht 170 ml dung dch HCl 2M a) Tnh th tch H2 thot ra ( ktc) b) C cn dung dch c bao nhiu gam mui khan ? c) Nu bit kim loi ha tr III l Al v s mol bng 5 ln s mol ca kim loi ha tr II. Kim loi ha tr II l nguyn t no. HD: Gi A v B ln lt l kim loi ha tr II v ha tr III. Ptp/: A + 2HCl ACl2 + H2 (1) (0,25 im) 2B + 6HCl 2BCl3 + 3H2 (2) (0,25 im) nHCl = CM .V = 0,17.2 = 0,34 mol (0,25 im) T (1) v (2) ta thy tng s mol ca axit HCl gp 2 ln s mol H2 to ra => nH 2 = 0,34 : 2 = 0,17mol VHCl = 0,17.22, 4 = 3,808lit (0,25 im) b) nHCl = 0,34 mol suy ra nCl = 0,34 mol (0,25 im) mCl = 0,34 . 35,5 = 12,07 gam (0,25 im) => Khi lng mui = mhh + m (Cl) = 4 + 12,07 = 16,07 g (0,25 im) c) Gi s mol ca Al l a mol => s mol ca kim loi c ha tr II l a : 5 T (2) suy ra nHCl = 3a T (1) suy ra n HCl = 0,4a (0,25 im) Ta c : 3a + 0,4a = 0,34 => a = 0,1 mol S mol ca kimlai c ha tr II l 0,1 : 5 = 0,02 mol (0,25 im) mAl = 0,1.27 = 2, 7 g (0,25 im) mkim loi = 4 - 2,7 = 1,3 g (0,25 im) 1,3 = 65 => L km (Zn) Mkim loai = (0,25 im) 0, 02 2/ Cho 100ml nc vo cc thu tinh. Sau cho thm 40 gam mui n vo khuy u cho n khi cn mt t mui khng tan, lng xung y. Sau un nh, thy ton b mui trong cc u tan. ngui dung dch n nhit phng th thy mui kt tinh tr li. Gii thch hin tng nu trn. HD: Ho tan d NaCl to ra dung dch bo ho, phn khng tan c s lng xung. Khi tng nhit tan ca mui tng nn NaCl tan thm. Khi gim nhit tan ca mui gim nn phn khng tan c kt tinh tr li. 3/ T khi hi ca hn hp X gm CO2, SO2 so vi kh nit bng 2. Cho 0,112 lt (ktc) ca X li chm qua 500ml dung dch Ba(OH)2. Sau th nghim phi dng 25ml dung dch HCl 0,2M trung ha lng Ba(OH)2 tha. - Tnh % th tch mi kh trong X. - Tnh CM dung dch Ba(OH)2 trc th nghim. - Hy tm cch nhn bit mi kh c trong hn hp X, vit cc phng trnh phn ng. HD: %V mi kh trong X: t x , y l s mol CO2, SO2 trong X, ta c: 44 x + 64 y x 2 =2 = 28( x + y ) y 3 Vy trong X c : %VCO2 = 40% ; %VSO2 = 60% - CM ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 trc khi th nghim: Trong 0,112 lt (X) c 0,002 mol CO2 v 0,003 mol SO2. t a l CM ca Ba(OH)2, ta c: S mol Ba(OH)2 ban u l: 0,5a (mol). S mol HCl : 0,025 x 0,2 = 0,005 (mol) PTP: Ba(OH)2 + 2HCl BaCl2 + 2H2O 0,0025 0,005

S mol Ba(OH)2 phn ng: (0,5a- 0,0025) mol. V Ba(OH)2 d nn: Ba(OH)2 + CO2 BaCO3 + H2O 0.002 0,002 Ba(OH)2 + SO2 BaSO3 + H2O 0.003 0,003 Ta c: 0,5a - 0,0025 = 0,002 + 0,003 => a = 0,015(M) - Nhn bit CO2 v SO2 trong X: Bng cch cho li qua dung dch nc brm, dung dch b mt mu, v: SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr Kh cn li ra khi dung dch lm c nc vi trong (hoc lm tt ngn nn) Ca(OH)2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H2O 4/ Mt hp cht v c c cng thc XY2 c tng s proton trong phn t l 38. X chim t l v khi lng l 15,79%. Trong ht nhn ca mi nguyn t X,Y s ht mang in bng s ht khng mang in. a) Xc nh X,Y v so snh tnh phi kim ca X,Y. b) t chy hon ton XY2 vi mt lng O2 va thu c hn hp Z c 2 kh. Bng phng php no c th tch ly kh c phn t khi nh hn ra khi hn hp Z. HD: Theo Zx + 2ZY=38; NX=ZX v NY=ZY MX+2MY=76 Ta c%X = M +2 M =15,79% MX=12 v MY=32 x y Vy X l cac bon, Y l S Tnh phi kim ca S > C PTHH: CS2 + 3O2 CO2 + 2SO2 -Dn hn hp Z vo dung dch Br2 d th SO2 tc dng vi dung dch Br2, kh CO2 khng tc dng nn c tch ring. PTHH: SO2 + Br2 + H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr 5/ Khi phn tch 2 oxit v 2 hyroxit tng ng ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc A ta c cc s liu sau y: - t s thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca oxi trong 2 oxit l 20/27. - T s thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca nhm hirin (-OH) trong 2 hyroxit l 214/270. Hy xc nh nguyn t A. HD: Gi 2 oxit ca A l A2On v A2Om 2 hydroxit ca A l A(OH)n v A(OH)m
16 n 100% 16 n + 2 A 16 m %O trong hp cht A2Om l 100% 16 m + 2 A 16 n 100 % 20 16 n + 2 A T l %O trong 2 oxit l = 16 m 27 100 % 16 m + 2 A n( 2 A +16 m) = 20 A = 112 mn (1) m( 2 A +16 n) 27 40 m 54 n 17 n %(OH) trong hp cht A(OH)n l 100% A +17 n
M x

%O trong hp cht A2On l

%(OH) trong hp cht A(OH)m l T l %(OH) trong 2hydroxit l

17 m 100% A +17 m 17 n 100 % 214 17 n + A = 17 m 270 100 % 17 m + A

n( A +17 m) 952 mn = 214 A = (2) m( A +17 n) 270 214 m 270 n 952 mn 112 mn m= 3 T (1) (2) ta c : = 214 m 270 n 40 m 54 n n 2

Vy m= 3 v n= 2 Thay m,n vao (1 ) A = 56 (Fe)

6/ Cho 8,12 gam mt oxit ca kim loi M vo ng s nung nng ri cho mt dng kh CO i chm qua ng kh hon ton lng oxit trn thnh kim loi. Kh c to thnh trong phn ng i ra khi ng s c hp th ht vo bnh ng lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2, thy to thnh 27,58 gam kt ta trng. Cho ton b lng kim loi va thu c trn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 2,352 lt kh hidro (ktc). Xc nh kim loi M v cng thc oxit ca kim loi trn. HD: - Gi s kh a mol oxit MxOy. MxOy + yCO xM + yCO2 a mol ya mol xa mol ya mol CO + Ba(OH) d BaCO + H O
2 2 3 2

ya mol M + nHCl xa mol

ya mol MCln + n/2 H2 n/2 xa mol 27,58 Theo bi ta c : ya = = 0,14 ( mol) (1) 197 n 2,352 xa= = 0,105 => nxa = 0,21 (mol) (2) 2 22,4 y 2 = 0,667= . T (1) v (2) => nx 3 y 2 = => x = 3 , y = 2 => a = 0,07. - Khi n = 1: nx 3 8,12 M2O3 = = 116 M = 28 ( loi) 0,07 y 4 = => x = 3 , y = 4 => a = 0,035 - Khi n = 2: nx 3 8,12 = 232 M = 56 ( Fe).Vy oxit kim loi trn l Fe3O4 0,035 7/ C hn hp gm bt st v bt kim loi X (c ha tr a). Nu ha tan hn hp ny trong dung dch HCl th thu c 7,84 lt kh hidro (ktc). Nu cho hn hp trn tc dng vi kh clo th th tch kh clo cn dng l 8,4 lt (ktc). Bit t l s nguyn t st v kim loi X l 1:4. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh th tch kh clo (ktc) phn ng vi kim loi X. c. Xc nh ha tr n ca kim loi X. Nu khi lng kim loi X c trong hn hp l 5,4 gam th X l kim loi no? HD: Gi y l s mol ca kim loi Fe c trong hn hp th s mol ca kim loi X l: 4y ( y>0). 1.Cc phn ng xy ra: 2 MCln + n H2 2 M + 2n HCl (1) 4y mol 2yn mol FeCl2 + H2 Fe + 2 HCl (2) y mol y mol to 2M + n Cl2 (3) 2 MCln 4y mol 2ny mol 4y mol M3O4 = Fe + 3/2Cl2 y mol 3/2 y mol

2 FeCl3

(4)

7,84 = 0,35mol * 22, 4 8, 4 = 0,375 ** Theo (3) v (4) nCl2 = 2ny + 3 2 y = 22, 4 T *v ** ta c : 2ny = 0,3 *** 2. Th tch kh Clo ha hp vi X: Theo (3) nCl 2 = 2ny = 0,3 V 2 = 0,3 22,4 = 6,72(l ) Cl Theo (1) v (2) nH 2 = 2ny + y = 3.T * thay gi tri 2ny = 0,3 ta c y = 0,05 Thay gi tr y = 0,05 vo *** ta c n = 3. Vy kim loi X c ha tr III 5,4 = 27. Vy X l kim loi Al. Nu khi lng kim loi l 5,4 gam th X = 0,3

BAI TP NNG CAO 8 1/ Ha tan hon ton 4 gam hn hp mt kim loi ha tr III v mt kim loi ha tr II cn dng ht 170 ml dung dch HCl 2M a/ Tnh th tch H2 thot ra ( ktc) b/ C cn dung dch c bao nhiu gam mui khan ? c/ Nu bit kim loi ha tr III l Al v s mol bng 5 ln s mol ca kim loi ha tr II. Kim loi ha tr II l nguyn t no. 2/ Cho 100ml nc vo cc thu tinh. Sau cho thm 40 gam mui n vo khuy u cho n khi cn mt t mui khng tan, lng xung y. Sau un nh, thy ton b mui trong cc u tan. ngui dung dch n nhit phng th thy mui kt tinh tr li. Gii thch hin tng nu trn. 3/ T khi hi ca hn hp X gm CO2, SO2 so vi kh nit bng 2. Cho 0,112 lt (ktc) ca X li chm qua 500ml dung dch Ba(OH)2. Sau th nghim phi dng 25ml dung dch HCl 0,2M trung ha lng Ba(OH)2 tha. - Tnh % th tch mi kh trong X. - Tnh CM dung dch Ba(OH)2 trc th nghim. - Hy tm cch nhn bit mi kh c trong hn hp X, vit cc phng trnh phn ng. 4/ Mt hp cht v c c cng thc XY2 c tng s proton trong phn t l 38. X chim t l v khi lng l 15,79%. Trong ht nhn ca mi nguyn t X,Y s ht mang in bng s ht khng mang in. a) Xc nh X,Y v so snh tnh phi kim ca X,Y. b) t chy hon ton XY2 vi mt lng O2 va thu c hn hp Z c 2 kh. Bng phng php no c th tch ly kh c phn t khi nh hn ra khi hn hp Z. 5/ Khi phn tch 2 oxit v 2 hyroxit tng ng ca cng mt nguyn t ho hc A ta c cc s liu sau y: - t s thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca oxi trong 2 oxit l 20/27. - T s thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca nhm hirin (-OH) trong 2 hyroxit l 214/270. Hy xc nh nguyn t A. 6/ Cho 8,12 gam mt oxit ca kim loi M vo ng s nung nng ri cho mt dng kh CO i chm qua ng kh hon ton lng oxit trn thnh kim loi. Kh c to thnh trong phn ng i ra khi ng s c hp th ht vo bnh ng lng d dung dch Ba(OH)2, thy to thnh 27,58 gam kt ta trng. Cho ton b lng kim loi va thu c trn tc dng ht vi dung dch HCl thu c 2,352 lt kh hidro (ktc). Xc nh kim loi M v cng thc oxit ca kim loi trn. 7/ C hn hp gm bt st v bt kim loi X (c ha tr a). Nu ha tan hn hp ny trong dung dch HCl th thu c 7,84 lt kh hidro (ktc). Nu cho hn hp trn tc dng vi kh clo th th tch kh clo cn dng l 8,4 lt (ktc). Bit t l s nguyn t st v kim loi X l 1:4. a. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b. Tnh th tch kh clo (ktc) phn ng vi kim loi X. c. Xc nh ha tr n ca kim loi X. Nu khi lng kim loi X c trong hn hp l 5,4 gam th X l kim loi no?

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