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STUDENTS NAME: RAFA KUSY THE DATE: 09.11.

2011

THE TITLE OF AN EXPERIMENT: DIBENZOYL [VI.A.1]


1. THE PURPOSE OF AN EXPERIMENT
This experiment was aimed at a synthesis of dibenzoyl through oxidation of benzoin.

2. USED REAGENTS
Benzoin (2-hydroxy-1,2-di(phenyl)ethanone) Ethanol (for crystallization) Nitric acid

3. USED LABORATORY APPLIANCES


Air condenser Beakers Bchner funnel Capillaries Funnel Heating mantle Melting point meter Round bottomed flask Stirring rod Suction flask Tubes Water pump

3. CHEMICAL EQUATION

4. MECHANISM OF THE REACTION

First step of reaction is production of nitric acid ester.

Subsequently, the lone pair of oxygen atom which comes from water attacks hydrogen atom. It results it decomposition of ester and production of dibenzoyl.

5. SUMMARY OF THE PROCEDURE


5 g of benzoin and 25 cm3 of concentrated nitric acid were put into 100 cm3 roundbottomed flask under the fume hood. Flask with its content was heated on water bath under air condenser until the traces of educed nitric oxides disappear. The mixture was poured into a beaker filled with 100 cm3 of cool water and was being stirred until the obtained oil solidified. Crude dibenzoyl was thoroughly rinsed with water and crystallized from ethanol. The gained, lemon-coloured compound were filtrated using Bchner funnel and dried. Finally, the obtained substance was weighted and its melting point was checked.

6. COMPARISON OF MELTING POINTS


Measured melting point of obtained compound: Mpobt . = 94.7 C Standard melting point of dibenzoyl: Mpstand . = 94 C 96 C

7. THE YIELD OF REACTION


Theoretical amount of dibenzoyl that should have been obtained: 212.24 g 5.0 g C14 H12O2 210.24 g C14 H12O2 mtheo. g C14 H10O2 C14 H10O2

mtheo. = 4.95 g

C14 H10O2

Quantity of obtained compound: mobt . = 3.84 g The yield of reaction:


y= mobt . 3.76 g 100% = 100% = 0.76% mtheo. 4.95 g

8. CONCLUSION
The synthesised product had lemon-colour which is in accordance with the colour of an actual dibenzoyl. The checked melting point of obtained compound is within a scope of benzil melting point. Those features clearly indicate that received product was rather pure. The yield of reaction is satisfactory. The loses of compound were related with crystallization process because the products particles, which remained in a flask and a funnel, were unable to be taken. This report concerns a second approach to this experiment. During previous process of benzoin oxidation only traces of nitric oxides were educed. Moreover, when a flasks content was poured into cool water no crystal appeared, but only amorphous, oil-like substance. Those phenomena might have indicated that the reaction did not take place. Probably, the received sample of benzoin was contaminated or decayed.

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