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MC LC

LI M U
Bu chnh vin thng v cng ngh thng tin ngy nay rt pht trin.Cuc cch mng thng tin v ang din ra trn hu ht cc nc tin tin trn th gii. C th ni thng tin ngy nay ng vai tr ht sc quan trng trong cuc sng hng ngy ca mi con ngi t vic n g u ,xem g trong nhng ngy ti n vn c phiu tng gi hay gim gi hay nhng vn quan trng ca c th gii u c phn nh qua thng tin c cp nht hng ngy. iu cho thy mng li vin thng bao trm trn ton th gii . Ngy nay chng ta cng khng phi lo v vic thiu ht bng thng cho truyn tin nh trc kia thay vo l vic lm sao s l gi tin ti cc nt l nhanh nht. Giao thc l mt kiu cch thc giao tip, i thoi. Cng nh con ngi my mc mun lm vic vi nhau cng cn c nhng cch thc giao tip ring. Trong vic truyn tin cng vy cc Router mun giao tip vi nhau cng cn phi c nhng giao thc lm vic vi nhau. Cc giao thc thng l RIP, IGRP, EGRP, IS-IS,BGP4 v OSPF. OSPF L giao thc nh tuyn nhm link-state, thng c trin khai trong cc h thng mng phc tp. Giao thc OSPF t xy dng nhng c ch ring cho mnh ,t bo m nhng quan h ca chnh mnh vi cc router khc. N c th d tm nhanh chng s thay ca topology (cng nh li ca cc interface ) v tnh ton li nhng route mi sau chu k hi t. Chu k hi t ca OSPF rt ngn v cng tn rt t lu lng ng truyn. Chnh v cc l do trn em la chn giao thc nh tuyn OSPF v a ra cc m hnh m phng trc quan v sinh ng bng phn mm m phng Packet tracer ca CISCO. Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti thy Nguyn Tin Ban to iu kin cho em trong qu trnh lm v thc hin . Mc d c gng ht sc nhng do kh nng cn hn ch nn khng th trnh khi thiu st em mong nhn c s gp t cc thy c v cc bn c nhm c th hon thin bi bo co .Xin chn thnh cm n ! H Ni, Ngy..Thng ..Nm. Sinh vin thc hin V Tr Cng Lp H09VT10 1

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V Tr Cng

CHNG I: A CH IP V NH A CH IP
a ch IP l a ch lp mng, c s dng nh danh cc my trm (HOST) trong lin mng. a ch IP.v4 c di 32 bt. N c th c biu th di dng thp phn, bt phn, thp lc phn v nh phn. C hai cch cp pht a ch IP ph thuc vo cch thc ta kt ni mng. Nu mng ca ta kt ni vo mng Internet, a ch mng c xc nhn bi NIC (Network Information Center). Nu mng ca ta khng kt ni vi Internet, ngi qun tr mng s cp pht a ch IP cho mng ny. V c bn, khun dng a ch IP gm hai phn: Network Number v Host Number nh hnh v:

Trong , phn Network Number l a ch mng cn Host Number l a ch cc my trm lm vic trong mng . Do vic tng cc WW theo hm m trong nhng nm gn y v s lng WW m ra rt nhiu, nn vi a ch IP l 32 bt l rt t do vy m rng kh nng nh i ch cho mng IP v v nhu cu s dng c rt nhiu quy m mng khc nhau, nn ngi ta chia cc i ch IP thnh 5 lp k hiu l A, B, C, D v E c cu trc nh sau:

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Hnh 1.1: Cc kiu a ch IP

Lp A (/8): c xc nh bng bt u tin trong byte th nht l 0 v dng cc bt cn li ca byte ny nh danh mng. Do , n cho php nh danh ti 126 mng, vi 16 triu my trm trong mi mng. Lp B (/16): c xc nh bng hai bt u tin nhn gi tr 10, v s dng byte th nht v th hai cho nh danh mng. N cho php nh danh 16.384 mng vi ti a 65.535 my trm trn mi mng. Lp C (/24): c xc nh bng ba bt u tin l 110 v dng ba byte u nh danh mng. N cho php nh danh ti 2.097.150 mng vi ti a 254 my trm trong mi my trm trong mi mng. Do , n c s dng trong cc mng c quy m nh. Lp D: c xc nh bng bn bt u tin l 1110, n c dng gi cc IP datagram ti mt nhm cc host trn mt mng. Tt c cc s ln hn 233 trong trng u l thuc nhm D. Lp E: c xc nh bng nm bt u tin l 11110, c d phng cho tng lai. Vi phng thc nh a ch IP nh trn, s lng mng v s my ti a trong mi lp mng l c nh. Do , s ny sinh vn l c cc a ch khng c s dng trong mng ca mt doanh nghip, trong khi mt doanh nghip khc li khng c a ch mng dng. Do tit kim a ch mng, trong nhiu trng hp mt mng c th c chia thnh nhiu mng con (subnet). Khi , c th a thm cc vng subnetid nh danh cho cc mng con. Vng subnetid ny c ly t vng hostid ca cc lp A, B v C.

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CHNG II: CC GIAO THC TRONG NH TUYN IP

2.1 Khi Nim nh tuyn l cch thc m Router (b nh tuyn) hoc thit b mng khc s dng truyn pht cc gi tin ti a ch ch trn mng. Khi nim routing gn lin vi mng Intranet v Internet s dng mt m hnh nh tuyn hop-by-hop. iu ny c ngha rng mi PC hay Router s tin hnh kim tra trng a ch ch trong phn tiu ca gi IP, tnh ton chng tip theo (Next hop) tng bc chuyn gi IP dn n ch ca n v cc Router c tip tc pht cc gi ti chng tip theo nh vy cho ti khi cc gi IP n c ch. 2.2 Phn loi. C 2 loi nh tuyn : nh tuyn tnh v nh tuyn ng 2.2.1 nh tuyn tnh Trong bng nh tuyn gm a ch mng v subnet mask v a ch IP ca router tip theo hoc exit interface. c k hiu l ch S trong bng nh tuyn. Chng ta s dng nh tuyn tnh khi : Khi mng ch c 1 vi router hay m hnh mng n gin . Mng c kt ni vi Internet ch thng qua 1 ISP. M hnh Hub & spoke c s dng trn 1 mng ln.

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Hnh 2.1 Bng nh tuyn 2.2.2 nh Tuyn ng Giao thc nh tuyn ng c s dng bi cc router chia s thng tin v tnh trng ca cc mng t xa.Giao thc nh tuyn ng thc hin 1 s hot ng bao gm : Khm ph mng. Cp nht v duy tr bng nh tuyn. im c trng ca nh tuyn ng l : T ng khm ph mng Duy tr bng nh tuyn. Cc loi nh tuyn ng : 1. RIP(Routing Information Protocol). 2. IGRP(Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) 3. EIGRP(Enhanced IGRP) 4. OSPF(Open Shortest Path First) 5. IS-IS(Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System ) 6. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol). Cc thut ton tm ng :gm 2 loi Giao thc nh tuyn Distance vector : Cc giao thc nh tuyn thuc loi ny nh RIP,IGRP........ Hot ng theo nguyn tc Neighbors , ngha l mi router s gi bng nh tuyn ca mnh cho tt c router kt ni trc tip vi n. Cc router sau so snh vi bng nh tuyn m mnh hin c v kim tra li cc tuyn ng ca

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mnh vi cc tuyn ng mi nhn c , tuyn ng no ti u hn s c a vo bng nh tuyn cc gi tin update s c gi theo chu k (30s vi RIP, 90s vi EIGRP). Giao thc nh tuyn Link-state : Cc giao thc nh tuyn thuc loi ny nh : OSPF,IS-IS Link-state khng gi bng nh tuyn ca mnh, m ch gi trng thi ca cc ng link trong linkstate database ca mnh i cho cc router khc,cc router s p dng gii thut SPF(shortest path first), t xy dng bng nh tuyn ring cho mnh.khi mng hi t,link state protocol s khng gi update nh k m ch gi khi no c s thay i trong mng. 2.3 Giao Thc RIP (Routing Information Protocol) Routing Information Protocol (RIP) l giao thc nh tuyn vector khong cch (Distance Vector Protocol) xut hin sm nht. N sut hin vo nm 1970 bi Xerox nh l mt phn ca b giao thc Xerox Networking Services (XNS). Mt iu k l l RIP c chp nhn rng ri trc khi c mt chun chnh thc c xut bn. Mi n nm 1988 RIP mi c chnh thc ban b trong RFC1058 bi Charles Hedrick. RIP c s dng rng ri do tnh cht n gin v tin dng ca n. Giao thc nh tuyn RIP c 2 phin bn RIPv1 v RIPv2. 2.3.1 Giao Thc RIPv1 c im: RIPv1 (RIP phin bn 1) l giao thc nh tuyn theo vect khong cch nn qung b ton b bng nh tuyn ca n cho cc router lng ging theo nh k. Chu k cp nht ca RIP l 30 giy. Thng s nh tuyn ca RIP l s lng hop, gi tr ti a l 15 hop. RIPv1 l giao thc nh tuyn theo lp a ch. Khi RIP router nhn thng tin v mt mng no t mt cng, trong thng tin nh tuyn ny khng c thng tin v subnet mask i km. Do router s ly subnet mask ca cng p dng cho a ch mng m n nhn c t cng ny. Nu subnet mask ny khng ph hp th n s ly subnet mask mc nh theo lp a ch p dng cho a ch mng m n nhn c. Mt s hn ch ca RIPv1: - Khng gi thng tin subnet mask trong thng tin nh tuyn V Tr Cng Lp H09VT10 6

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- Gi qung b thng tin nh tuyn theo a ch 255.255.255.255 - Khng h tr xc minh thng tin nhn c - Khng h tr VLSM v CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing) 2.3.2 Giao Thc RIPv2 RIPv2 c pht trin t RIPv1 nn c nhiu c im ging RIP v1 : - L mt giao thc nh tuyn theo vct khong cch, s dng s hop lm thng s nh tuyn. - S dng thi gian holddown chng lp (loop), thi gian ny mc nh l 180 giy. - S dng c ch split horizon chng loop. - Gi tr hop ti a l 15 RIPv2 c gi subnet mask i km vi cc a ch mng trong thng tin nh tuyn v vy RIPv2 c h tr VLSM v CIDR. RIPv2 cng h tr vic xc minh thng tin nh tuyn. V vy ta c th cu hnh cho RIP gi v nhn thng tin xc minh trn cng giao tip ca router bng m ha MD5 hay khng m ha. 2.4 Giao Thc IGRP Trc nhng nhc im vn c ca RIP nh: metric l hop count, kch thc mng ti a l 15 hop. Cisco pht trin mt giao thc c quyn ca ring mnh l IGRP khc phc nhng nhc im . C th l metric ca IGRP l s t hp ca 5 yu t, mc nh l bandwidth v delay: Bandwidth, Delay Load, Reliability, Maximum transfer unit (MTU). IGRP khng s dng hop count trong metric ca mnh, tuy nhin n vn theo di c hop count. Mt mng ci t IGRP th kch thc mng c th nn ti 255 hop. u im na ca IGRP so vi RIP l n h tr c unequal-cost load sharing v thi gian update lu hn RIP gp 3 ln. (90 giy). Tuy nhin bn cnh nhng u im ca mnh so vi RIP, IGRP cng c nhng nhc im l giao thc c quyn ca Cisco. 2.5 Giao Thc EIGRP L mt giao thc m rng ca IGRP, c pht trin bi Cisco. IGRP l classful routing protocol, cn EIGRP l classless routing protocol. EIGRP l mt giao thc nh tuyn lai (hybrid routing), n va mang nhng c im ca distance vector va mang mt s c im ca link-state.

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EIGRP h tr VLSM v CIDR nn s dng hiu qu khng gian a ch. S dng a ch multicast (224.0.0.10) trao i thng tin cp nht nh tuyn.

CHNG III: GIAO THC NH TUYN OSPF

3.1 Khi Nim OSPF l giao thc nh tuyn dng Link-State da trn chun m c pht trin thay th phng thc Distance Vector (RIP). RIP l mt giao thc nh tuyn c chp nhn trong nhng ngy u ca mng v Internet,nhng do ph thuc vo s lng hop m router c th i c ch l 15 nn RIP nhanh chng khng th chp nhn c trong cc mng ln hn .Cc mng ln hn cn 1 gii php nh tuyn mnh m hn. OSPF l 1 giao thc nh tuyn classless m s dng khi nim vng cho kh nng m rng .N s dung thng s cost tnh ng i tt nht .OSPF s dng bng thng nh l thc o chi ph. 3.2 OSPF Gii Quyt Cc Vn Tc hi t nhanh H tr VLSM (Variable length subnet mask) Kch thc mng c th h tr ln Chn ng theo trng thi ng link hiu qu hn distance vector ng i linh hot hn. H tr xc thc (Authenticate). 3.3 ng Gi Bn Tin OSPF Phn d liu ca 1 thng bo OSPF c ng trong 1 gi.Trng d liu ny c th bao gm 1trong 5 loi bn tin OSPF.

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Cc gi tiu OSPF c gi km vi mi gi tin OSPF,bt k loi bn tin no ca OSPF.Cc OSPF header v loi gi d liu c th c gi gn trong gi tin IP.Trong gi tiu IP,trng giao thc c thit lp bng 89 cho bit l OSPF,v a ch ch c thit lp l 1 trong 2 a ch multicast :224.0.0.5 hoc 224.0.0.6.Nu gi OSPF c ng gi trong 1 khung Ethernet,a ch MAC ch cng l 1 a ch multicast : 01-00-5E-00-00-05 or 01-00-5E-00-00-06.

Hnh 3.1 ng gi bn tin OSPF 3.4 Cc Loi Gi Tin OSPF Hello : dng thit lp v duy tr mi quan h hng xm vi nhng router khc . DBD : gi tin ny dng chn la router no s c trao i thng tin trc (master/slave) LSR : Link state request gi tin ny dng ch nh loi LSA dng trong tin trnh trao i gi tin DBD. LSU : Link-state update c s dng tr li LSRs cng nh cng b thng tin mi.LSUs cha 7 loi khc nhau ca LSAs. LSAck : khi 1 LSU c nhn,router gi 1 Link-State Acknowledgement (LSAck) xc nhn LSU. 3.5 Gi Tin Hello Gi OSPF loi 1 l gi OSPF Hello.Cc gi Hllo c s dng :

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Khm ph hng xm OSPF v thit lp hng xm gn k. Qung b cc thng s trn 2 con router m l hng xm ca nhau. Bu chn DR va BDR trn mng multiaccess v ethernet nh Frame Relay. 3.5.1 Thit lp hng xm Trc khi 1 router OSPF gi trng thi lin kt ca n ti tt c cc router khc, trc tin n phi xc nh xem c bt k hng xm OSPF no trn bt k lin kt no ca n .Trong hnh, router OSPF ang gi nhng gi Hello ra tt c cc cng ca n cho php cc cng ca n xc nh xem c bt k hng xm no trn lin kt khng . Thng tin trong OSPF Hello bao gm OSPF Router ID ca router ang gi gi Hello .Nhn 1 gi OSPF Hello trn giao din xc nhn cho 1 router m c router OSPF khc trn lin kt ny.Sau OSPF c thit lp l hng xm gn k.

Hnh 3.2 Giao thc Hello 3.5.2 OSPF Hello v Dead Interval Trc khi 2 router c th hnh thnh hng xm gn k,chng phi ng v 3 gi tr thi gian Hello,cng thi gian duy tr Dead Interval,v kiu mng.

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Thi gian Hello ch ra vic goi Hello gi thng xuyn th no mc nh vi mng multiaccess v point-to-point l 10s v 30s vi mng non-broadcast multiaccess (NBMA). Trong hu ht trng hp,gi OSPF Hello gi nh multicast n 1 a ch dnh ring cho tt c SPF router ti 224.0.0.5.S dng a ch multicast cho php thit b b qua cc gi d liu nu cc cng ca n khng c kch hot chp nhn cc gi tin OSPF. Dead Interval l thi gain m router ch trc khi cho hng xm vo trng thi down. thi gian ny theo cisco mc nh l gp 4 ln thi gian Hello. Vi mng multiaccess v point-topoint l 40s v vi NBMA l 120s. 3.5.3 OSPF link-state Updates Link-state updates (LSU) l gi tin c s dng cp nht nh tuyn OSPF.Mt gi LSU c th cha 10 loi bn tin khc nhau ca link-state Advertisements (LSAs) nh hin th hnh bn di.S khc nhau gia cc iu khon LSU v LSA i khi c th kh hiu.i khi nhng thut ng ny c dng ln ln Mt LSU cha 1 hoc nhiu LSAs v cc iu khon khc c th c s dng tuyn truyn thng tin trng thi lin kt bi router OSPF.

Hnh 3.3 Cu trc gi tin LSUs 3.5.4 Bu DR v BDR gim lu lng truy cp trn cc mng multiaccess, OSPF bu 1 DR va 1 BDR. DR c nhim v cp nht router khc (gi l DROthers) khi c s thay i trong mng. BDR d phng cho DR. 3.6 Xc Thc V Tr Cng Lp H09VT10 11

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Ging nh cc giao thc nh tuyn khc OSPF c th c cu hnh xc thc.RIPV2,EIGRP,OSPF,IS-IS v BGP tt c u c cu hnh m ho v xc thc thng tin nh tuyn iu ny m bo rng cc con router ch chp nhn thng tin nh tuyn t router khc c cu hnh vi cng mt khu v thng tin xc thc. 3.7 Cch Xc nh Router ID Cc OSPF Router ID c s dng nhn din tng router trong vng nh tuyn OSPF.Mt router ID ch n gin l 1 a ch IP.Router cisco chn router id da trn 3 tiu ch : S dng a ch IP c cu hnh vi lnh router-id . Nu router-id khng c cu hnh th router chn a ch IP cao nht ca bt k cng loopback no. Nu khng c cng loopback c cu hnh th router s chon a ch IP cao nht ca bt k cng vt l no ca n ang hot ng . V D :cho m hnh nh hnh v

Hnh 3.4 m hnh 3 router Bi v chng ta khng cu hnh router id hoc cng loopback nn chng ta xc nh router id da vo iu kin th 3.ta c th x dng lnh show ip protocol kim tra router id.1 s IOS khng hin th c nh hnh v th ta s dng lnh show ip ospf interface.Nh th hin trong hnh router id ca mi router l : R1: 192.168.10.5, which is higher than either 172.16.1.17 or 192.168.10.1 R2: 192.168.10.9, which is higher than either 10.10.10.1 or 192.168.10.2

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R3: 192.168.10.10, which is higher than either 172.16.1.33 or 192.168.10.6

3.6 Bng nh Tuyn Xt m hinh nh hnh v sau khi mang hi t th mi router se c 1 bng nh tuyn ca n nh trong hnh v:

Hnh 3.5 M hnh mng gm 3 router Ta dng lnh show ip route thy bng nh tuyn ca tng router.

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Hnh 3.6 Bng nh tuyn ca Router R1

Hnh 3.7 Bng nh tuyn ca Router R2

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Hnh 3.8 Bng nh tuyn ca Router R3 OSPF c 5 kiu mng : Point-to-point Broadcast Multiaccess. Nonbroadcast Multiaccess (NBMA). Point-to-multipoint. Virtual links. 3.7 Qu trnh lan trn bn tin LSAs v bu chn DR v BDR trong mng Multiaccess. 3.7.1 Qu trnh lan trn bn tin LSAs. Bn tin LSAs c gi i khi khi to hoc khi c s thay i ca m hnh mng. Nh trong hnh v:

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Hnh 3.9 Qu trnh lan trn bn tin LSAs Do tt c router trong mng u l lt gi bn tin LSAs s lm cho lu lng mng tr nn tc nghn khng lu thng c.Gii php ua ra l phi bu chn DR v BDR. 3.7.2 Bu chn DR v BDR qun l c lu lng mng cng nh s lng bn tin LSAs ta bu DR va BDR.DR c nhim v thu thp v phn phi bn tin LSAs.BDR dung d phng trong trng hp DR khng hot ng.Cc con router khc gi l DROthers. Cch thc hot ng: Thay v phi gi lan trn bn tin LSAs th DROthers ch gi LSAs ca n cho DR v BDR s dung a chi 224.0.0.6.trong trng hp ny R1 gi LSA cho DR v BDR ,Sau BDR lng nghe xem DR co hot ng tt hay khng.sau DR c nhim v chuyn tip cc LSAs ti tt c cc router khc trong mng bng a ch 224.0.0.5.Kt qu cui cng ch 1 router lm nhim v gi lan trn cc LSAs. Cc tiu ch bu DR v BDR: DR : router vi u tin ca cng l cao nht BDR : router vi u tin ca cng l cao th 2 Nu u tin bng nhau th Router ID cao nht c s dng lm DR V Tr Cng Lp H09VT10 16

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Thi gian bu chn DR v BDR ch din ra trong vng vi giy ngay sau khi router khi ng vi vic kch hot giao thc OSPF hoc mng Multiaccess. khi 1 router c bu lam DR th n vn l DR cho n khi 1 trong cc iu kin sau thay i DR b hng Tin trnh OSPF trn con DR b hng Cng Multiaccess trn con DR b hng 3.8 Metric OSPF Metric OSPF c gi l cost.OSPF s dng cost nh l metric xc nh ng i tt nht. gi tr cost cng nh cng tt v cost c tnh theo cng thc: 108 / bandwidth Bng thng mc nh l 100Mbps gi tr ny c th thay i c nh cu lnh. auto-cost reference-Bandwidth Cost ca mt tuyn ng l gi tr tch lu t 1 router ti router k tip cho ti khi n ch.

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Hnh 3.10 Gi tr Cost ca OSPF 3.9 Cc Cu Lnh C Bn trong OSPF Cu hnh c bn Router(config)#router ospf 10 Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 area 1 Router(config-router)#network 30.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 a 2 Router(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0 Router(config-router)#auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000 Router (config-router)#router-id 10.0.0.1 Router(config-router)#end Cu hnh priority cc interface bu DR v BDR Router(config)#interface s0/0 Router(config-if)#ip ospf priority 50 Cu hnh authentication n gin Router(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key password Router(config-router)#area area number authentication Cu hnh authentication theo dng m ho, bo mt cao. Router(config-if)ip ospf message-digest-key key ID md5 encryption-type key Router(config-router)#area area ID authentication message-digest Cu hnh qung b mt tuyn mc nh trong OSPF: V Tr Cng Lp H09VT10 18

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Router(config-router)#default-information originate Qung b mt tuyn khc (khng phi l default): Router(config-router)#redistribute protocols subnets Cc lnh show dng kim tra cu hnh OSPF: show ip protocol show ip route show ip ospf show ip ospf interface show ip ospf database show ip ospf neighbor detail clear ip route * debug ip ospf events debug ip ospf adj

CHNG IV: M PHNG BNG PACKEY TRACER

4.1 M Hnh 1

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Kt qu duyt web vi tn min h09vt10ptit.com trn PC2 sau khi cu hnh OSPF :

Kt qu kim tra cc tuyn :

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4.1.1 Kim tra cc cu lnh ca Router Quang Ninh Dng lnh Show running-config c nh sau: interface FastEthernet0/0 description KET NOI TOI switch1 ip address 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown ! interface Serial0/0 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 clock rate 128000 ! interface Serial0/1 description KET NOI TOI Hai Phong V Tr Cng Lp H09VT10 21

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ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0 clock rate 128000 ! router ospf 10 log-adjacency-changes network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 ! ip classless ! line con 0 line vty 0 4 login ! end 4.1.2 Kim tra cc cu lnh ca Router Ha Noi HaNoi#show running-config Building configuration... Current configuration : 1103 bytes ! version 12.2 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname HaNoi ! interface FastEthernet0/0 description ket noi toi switch 2 ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto

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! interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdown ! interface Serial0/0 description KET NOI TOI Quang Ninh ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Serial0/1 description KET NOI TOI Hai Phong ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0 clock rate 128000 ! router ospf 10 log-adjacency-changes network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 ! ip classless ! banner motd ^C day la router RA cau hinh boi Hoan ^C ! line con 0 line vty 0 4 login ! End 4.1.3 Kim tra cc cu lnh ca Router Hai Phong HaiPhong#show running-config

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BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP Building configuration... Current configuration : 1035 bytes ! version 12.2 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service password-encryption ! hostname HaiPhong ! interface FastEthernet0/0 description KET NOI TOI switch3 ip address 192.168.6.3 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto ! interface Serial0/0 description KET NOI TOI Ha Noi ip address 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0 ! interface Serial0/1 description KET NOI TOI Quang Ninh ip address 192.168.3.3 255.255.255.0 ! router ospf 10 log-adjacency-changes network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 192.168.6.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 ! ip classless ! line con 0

GIAO THC NH TUYN OSPF

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BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP line vty 0 4 login ! end 4.2 M Hnh 2

GIAO THC NH TUYN OSPF

Kt qu: S thy RC l DR v RB l BDR v RA l DROTHER theo nguyn tc vi u tin nh nhau th chn Router c ID cao nht l DR sau l BDR v router c ID thp nht l DROTHER.

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BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

GIAO THC NH TUYN OSPF

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BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

GIAO THC NH TUYN OSPF

Kim tra thi gian cc bn tin router ID v thit lp hng xm trn Ha Noi

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BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

GIAO THC NH TUYN OSPF

Hnh di ta thy ngun thng tin nh tuyn cp nht t cc hng xm:

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BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

GIAO THC NH TUYN OSPF

KT LUN
T nhng g trnh by trn v giao thc nh tuyn OSPF ta c th rt ra mt s kt lun sau y: nh a ch IP: Cho bit c phng thc nh a ch, cch chia a ch IP v cho bit cc lp a ch. Cc giao thc nh tuyn: a ra cc giao thc truyn trn mng, cc c im, nhc im, u im ca tng giao thc. Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF: Hiu r hn v giao thc OSPF v tm hiu c cu lnh cu hnh cho thit b M phng bng phn mm packey tracer: c cu hnh trn thit b o nhng cho mnh kinh nghim v cu hnh trn cc thit b truyn thng. Vi vic thc hin m phng trc tip trn packet tracer em c ci nhn trc quan hn v OSPF. em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti thy Nguyn Tin Ban hng dn v gp em hon thnh bo co thc tp ny.

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BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

GIAO THC NH TUYN OSPF

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Chuyn nh tuyn. Hong Trng Minh. 2. Cisco - OSPF Design Guide -2005 3. Chng 11 ca CCNAV4 (Cisco Networking Academy Program). 4. http://www.Cisco.com 5. http://www.quantrimang.com.vn 6. http://www.sara.com.vn 7. http://www.vnpro.com

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