Tiu lun Mn CNHD bi: Tm hiu cng ngh sn xut cao su isopren?

Ni dng cn tm hiu v trnh by: Phn m u:

Chng 1: Gii thiu v cao su isopren: tnh cht ha l,cu to, ng dng Chng 2:Sn xut cao su isopren (nguyn liu, cc pp sx monome) Chng 3: Cc cng ngh (so snh, nh gi v la chn) Chng 4:Kt lun

Ti liu tham kho

1. Tnh cht vt l ca monome isopren - Nhit si BP = 34oC ( 1atm) - T khi d420 = 0.681 2. Nguyn liu: Nguyn liu sn xut isopren c th tng hp t: - Phn on C5 ca qu trnh cracking hi nc (chit) - Isopentan: c thu hi t phn on C5 ca qu trnh cracking xc tc hoc c th sx bng qu trnh isome ha n-pentan. (tuy nhin isopentan c ON cao nn ch yu dng lm hp phn pha xng nn y ko phi l ngun thch hp) - Isoamylen: phn on naphta ca qu trnh cracking xc tc cha khong 3040% isoamylen (2-metyl but-1-en; 2-metyl but-2en).Chng c tch bng h thng 2 thp chit v t tinh khit 95-99%. - Propylen (c CN) - Isobuten v formandehit (c CN) - Axetilen v Axeton (c CN) 3. Sn xut isopren t axetilen v axeton:(Cng ngh SNAM) Nguyn liu s dng trong cng ngh ny l axetilen v axeton, nhc im ca ngun nguyn liu ny l to cc sn phm phc tp. Tuy nhin, iu kin vn hnh v thit b n gin hn, hiu sut cao. Cc bc chnh ca qu trnh chuyn ha nh sau: a. Phn ng cng: CH3-CO-CH3 + C2H2 (CH3)2C(OH)CCH (metylbutynol) b. Hydro ha chn lc: (CH3)2C(OH)CCH + H2 (CH3)3C(OH)CHCH2 H298o = -167 kJ/mol (metylbutenol) c. Dehydrat ha
2

H298o = -63 kJ/mol

(CH3)3C(OH)CHCH2 CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2

H298o = 33 kJ/mol

Phn ng cng hp c tin hnh iu kin nhit t 10-40oC, p sut 2.106 Pa (20 atm), cht xc tc l dung dch kali cacbonat ( K2CO3). Qu trnh xy ra trong dung dch (mi trng) NH3 lng, lng axetilen d (2/1) ngn chn s hnh thnh cc sn phm ph t axeton. Hiu sut phn ng t 96% mol. 50-60% mol sn phm/1 mol K2CO3. Qu trnh chuyn ha ngng li khi cht xc tc b trung ha. Phn axetilen cha phn ng v NH3 c thu hi bng chng ct (Flash) v tun hon. Sau metyl-butynol c tinh ch bng bng h thng 2 thp chng ct, thp u tin loi axeton cha phn ng ra nh, thp th 2 tch cc hp cht nng v hn hp ng ph cha 28% kl nc. Hiu sut sau qu trnh chng ct l 95%. Phn ng hydro ha tin hnh trc tip trn hn hp ng ph, p sut 0.51.106 Pa, nhit 30-80oC, cht xc tc l Palladium (Pd). Qu trnh chuyn ha xy ra hon ton. Hm lng metyl butanol hnh thnh nh hn 1% mol. Hydro cha phn ng c tun hon, hydro c tch bng qu trnh ly tm ging nh xc tc.Cc cht (sn phm) cn li c ha hi thu hn hp ng ph metylbutenol/nc cha 77% kl hp cht hydrocacbon, hn hp ny c chuyn sang giai on tip theo. Qu trnh hydrat ha (tch nc) tin hnh p sut kh quyn v nhit 250-300oC, trn xc tc Alumina (Al). chuyn ha gn nh hon ton. Cc sn phm ph b gi li bi qu trnh ra bng nc. Xc tc c ti sinh d dng bng s t chy cn cacbon. Isopren thu c cui cng c hm lng t 98% kl, vi hm lng cc olefin ln nht 1.5%. S cng ngh SNAM c trnh by trong hnh 6.6.

Thuyt minh s cng ngh: Axeton v axetylen c a vo thit b phn ng nhit 10-40 oC, cht xc tc K2CO3 c bm vo pha di y thp, p sut lm vic ca thp l 2.106 Pa (20 atm, Ti y xy ra phn ng cng hp gia axeton v axetylen. i ra inh thp l hn hp sn phm ca phn ng bao gm: metylbutylnol, axetylen v axeton cha phn ng,cht xc tc K2CO3, NH3, mt s sn phm ph...Hn hp ny c bm sang thp phn ng trung ha, tc nhn trung ha c a vo cng vi hn hp nh thp trung ha (Chn qu khng tm c tc nhn trung ha y l cht g, t ch ngh n l axit thui)..