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Cc dng bi tp - Thi gii ton trn my tnh cm tay Casio

1. Cu to nguyn t: Quan h s p, s n, s e
Th tch v Bn knh nguyn t tnh ra
Mng tinh th (s nguyn t v cnh trong n v c s)
Ht nhn v phng x (hng s phng x, nin i vt c)
2. Cu to phn t: Khong cch ca cc nguyn t trong ng phn hnh hc
Momen lng cc
3. ng hc: Cn bng ha hc
Tc phn ng
4. Nhit ha hc: Nhit phn ng
Chiu din bin ca phn ng
5. Dung dch in li: Nng dung dch
pH ca dung dch
6. in ha hc: Pin
in phn
7. Lp cng thc phn t v xc nh nguyn t
8. Xc nh thnh phn % ca hn hp

XUT

1. Ti 25
0
C, phn ng:
CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O c hng s cn bng K = 4
Ban u ngi ta trn 1,0 mol C
2
H
5
OH vi 0,6 mol CH
3
COOH. Tnh s mol este thu
c khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng.

CH
3
COOH + C
2
H
5
OH

CH
3
COOC
2
H
5
+ H
2
O
Phn ng x x
[ ] 1 x 0,6 x x x
K =
[ ][ ]
[ ][ ]
3 2 5 2
2 5 3
CH COOC H H O
C H OH CH COOH

2
x
(1 x)(0, 6 x)
= 4
3x
2
6,4x + 2,4 = 0 x
1
= 0,4855 v x
2
= 1,64 > 1
Vy, s mol este thu c khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng = 0,4855

1. Ti 400
0
C, P = 10atm phn ng N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k)

2NH
3
(k) c Kp = 1,64 10
4
.
Tm % th tch NH
3
trng thi cn bng, gi thit lc u N
2
(k) v H
2
(k) c t l s
mol theo ng h s ca phng trnh.

N
2
(k) + 3H
2
(k)

2NH
3
(k)
Theo PTHH:
2 2
2 2
N N
H H
P n
1
P n 3
= = Theo gt: P
3
NH
+ P
2
N
+ P
2
H
= 10
P
3
NH
+ 4P
2
N
= 10
DB


V Ta c: Kp =
3
2 2
2
NH
3
N H
(P )
(P )(P )
=
2
NH
3
3
N N
2 2
(P )
(P )(3P )
= 1,64 10
4

3
2
NH
2
N
P
(P )
= 6,6510
2
.
Gii pt cho: 6,65 10
2
(P
2
N
)
2
+ 4P
2
N
10 = 0 P
2
N
= 2,404 v P
2
N
= 62,55 < 0
Vy, P
2
N
= 2,404 P
3
NH
= 10 4P
2
N
= 0,384 atm chim 3,84%
2. Hn hp 3 kim loi Fe, Al, Cu nng 17,4 gam. Nu ho tan hn hp bng axit H
2
SO
4
long d
th thot ra 8,96 dm
3
H
2
( kc). Cn nu ho tan hn hp bng axit H
2
SO
4
c nng, d th
thot ra 12,32 dm
3
SO
2
( ktc). Tnh khi lng mi kim loi ban u.
Cu khng tan trong H
2
SO
4
long .
Fe + H
2
SO
4
FeSO
4
+ H
2

2Al + 3H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3H
2

H
2
SO
4
c nng ho tan c 3 kim loi :
2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
2Al + 6H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
Cu + 2H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
S mol H
2
= 0,4 ; s mol SO
2
= 0,55
H 3 phng trnh : 56x + 27y + 64z = 17,4
x + 1,5y = 0,4
1,5x + 1,5y + z = 0,55
Gii h phng trnh cho : x = 0,1 ; y = 0,2 ; z = 0,1
Lng Fe bng 5,6gam ; Al = 5,4gam ; Cu = 6,4gam

2. Hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Cu. Ho tan a gam hn hp bng axit sunfuric c nng
va th thot ra 15,68 dm
3
SO
2
(kc) v nhn c dung dch X. Chia i X, 1 na
em c cn nhn c 45,1 gam mui khan, cn 1 na thm NaOH d ri lc kt ta
nung trong khng kh n lng khng i cn nng 12 gam. Tm a v khi lng
mi kim loi.
2Fe + 6H
2
SO
4
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
2Al + 6H
2
SO
4
Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 3SO
2
+ 6H
2
O
Cu + 2H
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ SO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Lng 3 mui sunfat = 45,1 x 2 = 90,2 gam v s mol SO
2
= 0,7mol
Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6NaOH 2Fe(OH)
3
+ 3Na
2
SO
4

Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
+ 6NaOH 2Al(OH)
3
+ 3Na
2
SO
4
CuSO
4
+ 2NaOH Cu(OH)
2
+ Na
2
SO
4

Al(OH)
3
+ NaOH NaAlO
2
+ 2H
2
O
Kt ta lc c ch cn Fe(OH)
3
v Cu(OH)
2

2Fe(OH)
3
Fe
2
O
3
+ 3H
2
O
Cu(OH)
2
CuO + H
2
O
12 x 2 = 24gam l tng lng 2 oxit Fe
2
O
3
+CuO
H 3 phng trnh : 1,5x + 1,5y + z = 0,7
200x + 171y + 160z = 90,2
80x + 80z = 24
Gii h cho x = 0,2 ; y = 0,2 ; z = 0,1
Suy ra lng Fe = 11,2gam ; Al = 5,4gam ; Cu = 6,4gam

CT
DB


(cn cc bi 40, 64, 79, 94 Sch bi dng ha hc THCS )

2. Hn hp gm FeCl
3
, MgCl
2
, CuCl
2
ha tan trong nc c dung dch X.
Cho X tc dng vi Na
2
S d tch ra mt lng kt ta m
1
. Nu cho mt lng d H
2
S tc
dng vi X tch ra mt lng kt ta m
2
. Thc nghim cho bit m
1
= 2,51m
2
.
Nu gi nguyn lng cc cht MgCl
2
, CuCl
2
trong X v thay FeCl
3
bng FeCl
2
cng
lng ri ha tan trong nc th c dung dch Y.
Cho Y tc dng vi Na
2
S d tch ra mt lng kt ta m
3
. Nu cho mt lng d H
2
S tc
dng vi Y tch ra mt lng kt ta m
4
. Thc nghim cho bit m
3
= 3,36m
4
.
Xc nh % khi lng mi mui trong hn hp ban u.
MgCl
2
+ Na
2
S + 2H
2
O Mg(OH)
2
+ H
2
S + 2NaCl
2FeCl
3
+ 3Na
2
S 2FeS + S + 6NaCl
CuCl
2
+ Na
2
S CuS + 2NaCl

MgCl
2
+ H
2
S khng phn ng
2FeCl
3
+ H
2
S 2FeCl
2
+ S + 2HCl
CuCl
2
+ H
2
S CuS + 2HCl
t s mol cc mui ln lt l x, y, z. Ta c:

y
58x 88y 32 96z
2
16y 96z
+ + +
+
= 2,51 58x + 63,84y = 144,96z (1)
S mol FeCl
2
=
162, 5y
127
= 1,28y
FeCl
2
+ Na
2
S FeS + 2NaCl
FeCl
2
+ H
2
S khng phn ng

58x 88 1, 28y 96z
96z
+ +
= 3,36 58x + 112,64y = 226,56z (2)
Gii (1) v (2) cho 48,8y = 81,6z
Coi z = 18,8 th y = 48,8 v x = 32,15
%MgCl
2
=
95 32,15
100%
95 32,15 162, 5 81, 6 135 48,8

+ +
= 13,3%
Tnh tng t c: %CuCl
2
= 28,76% v %FeCl
3
= 57,95%

2. Mt hn hp bt kim loi c kh nng gm Mg, Al, Sn. Ha tan ht 0,75 gam hn hp
bng dung dch HCl d thy thot ra 784 ml H
2
(o ktc). Nu t chy hon ton 0,75
gam hn hp trong oxi d th thu c 1,31 gam oxit. Xc nh % khi lng mi kim loi
trong hn hp.
Mg + 2HCl MgCl
2
+ H
2

2Al + 6HCl 2AlCl
3
+ 3H
2

Sn + 2HCl SnCl
2
+ H
2

2Mg + O
2

0
t
2MgO
4Al + 3O
2

0
t
2Al
2
O
3

Sn + 2O
2

0
t
SnO
2




S mol H
2
= 0,035
H pt: 24x + 27y + 119z = 0,75 (x, y, z l s mol tng kim loi)
x +
3
2
y + z = 0,035
40x + 102
y
2
+ 183z = 1,31
Gii h pt cho: x = 0,02 ; y = 0,01 ; z = 0
Vy, hn hp khng c Sn v % Mg =
0, 02 24
100%
0, 75

= 64% ; %Al = 36%



3. Mt mu than ly t hang ng ca ngi Plinxian c ti Ha Oai c tc l 13,6 phn
hy
14
C trong 1 giy tnh vi 1,0 gam cacbon. Bit trong 1,0 gam cacbon ang tn ti c
15,3 phn hy
14
C trong 1 giy v chu k bn hy ca
14
C l 5730 nm . Hy cho bit nin
i ca mu than ?
Hng s phng x: k =
1
2
ln2
t
=
0, 693
5730

Nin i ca mu than t =
0
t
N 1 5730 15,3
ln ln
k N 0, 693 13, 6
= = 973,88 (nm)
3. Mt mu than ly t hang ng vng ni vi tnh Ha Bnh c 9,4 phn hy
14
C. hy
cho bit ngi Vit c i to ra mu than cch y bao nhiu nm? Bit chu k bn
hy ca
14
C l 5730 nm, trong kh quyn c 15,3 phn hy
14
C. Cc s phn hy ni trn
u tnh vi 1,0 gam cacbon, xy ra trong 1,0 giy.
Hng s phng x: k =
1
2
ln2
t
=
0, 693
5730

Nin i ca mu than t =
0
t
N 1 5730 15, 3
ln ln
k N 0, 693 9, 4
= = 3989,32 (nm) 4000 (nm)
Ngi Vit c i to ra mu than cch y khong 4000 nm

4. Cu hnh electron ngoi cng ca nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 5p
5
. T s ntron v in
tch ht nhn bng 1,3962. S ntron ca X bng 3,7 ln s ntron ca nguyn t thuc
nguyn t Y. Khi cho 4,29 gam Y tc dng vi lng d X thu c 18,26 gam sn phm c
cng thc XY. Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca X, Y v vit cu hnh electron ca Y.
Cu hnh y ca X l [
36
Kr] 5s
2
4d
10
5p
5
. s Z
X
= 53 = s proton
Mt khc:
x
x
n
p
= 1,3692 n
X
= 74 A
X
= p
X
+ n
X
= 53 + 74 = 127

x
y
n
n
= 3,7 n
Y
= 20
X + Y XY
4,29 18,26
DB
CT
DB



Y X Y
4, 29 18, 26
+
=
Y 127 Y
4, 29 18, 26
+
= Y = 39
A
Y
= p
Y
+ n
Y
39 = p
Y
+ 20 p
Y
= 19 hay Z
Y
= 19
Cu hnh electron ca Y l [
18
Ar] 4s
1

4. Mi phn t XY
3
c tng cc ht proton, ntron, electron bng 196; trong , s ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60, s ht mang in ca X t hn s ht mang
in ca Y l 76.
a) Hy xc nh k hiu ho hc ca X,Y v XY
3
.
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X,Y.

a) K hiu s n v in tch ht nhn ca X l Zx , Y l Zy ; s ntron (ht khng mang
in) ca X l Nx , Y l Ny . Vi XY
3
, ta c cc phng trnh:
Tng s ba loi ht: 2 Zx + 6 Zy + Nx + 3 Ny = 196 (1)
2 Zx + 6 Zy Nx 3 Ny = 60 (2)
6 Zy 2 Zx = 76 (3)
Cng (1) vi (2) v nhn (3) vi 2, ta c:
4 Zx + 12 Zy = 256 (a)
12 Zy 4Zx = 152 (b)
Zy = 17 ; Zx = 13
Vy X l nhm, Y l clo. XY
3
l AlCl
3
.
b) Cu hnh electron: Al : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
1

; Cl : 1s
2
2s
2
2p
6
3s
2
3p
5



5. Mt loi khong c cha 13,77%Na; 7,18%Mg; 57,48%O; 2,39%H v cn li l nguyn t
X v khi lng. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca khong .
Hm lng %X = 100 13,77 7,18 57,48 2,39 = 19,18%
Cn bng oxi ha kh trong hp cht:

13, 77 7,18 57, 48 2, 39 19,18
1 2 2 1 y
23 24 16 1 X
+ + + = 0 X = 5,33y
Lp bng xt:
Y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
X 5,33 10,66 ... ... ... 32
thy ch c y = 6 l tha mn X = 32 S (lu hunh)
Na : Mg : O : H : S =
13, 77 7,18 57, 48 2, 39 19,18
: : : :
23 24 16 1 32
= 2 : 1 : 12 : 8 : 2
Cng thc khong: Na
2
MgO
12
H
8
S
2
Na
2
SO
4
.MgSO
4
.4H
2
O

5. Mt khong cht c cha 20,93% Nhm; 21,7% Silic v cn li l oxi v Hidro (v khi
lng). Hy xc nh cng thc ca khong cht ny.
t % lng Oxi = a th % lng Hidro = 57,37 a
Ta c: t l s nguyn t Al : Si : O : H =
20, 93 21, 7 a
: : : (57, 37 a)
27 28 16

Mt khc: phn t khong cht trung ha in nn

20, 93 21, 7 a
3 4 2 (57, 37 a) 0
27 28 16
+ + =

DB
CT
CT


Gii phng trnh cho a = 55,82
Suy ra, Al : Si : O : H =
20, 93 21, 7 55, 82
: : :1, 55
27 28 16
= 2 : 2 : 9 : 4
Vy cng thc khong cht Al
2
Si
2
O
9
H
4
hay Al
2
O
3
.2SiO
2
.2H
2
O (Cao lanh)

6. Tinh th ng kim loi c cu trc lp phng tm din.
a) Hy v cu trc mng t bo c s v cho bit s nguyn t Cu cha trong t bo s ng
ny
b) Tnh cnh lp phng a() ca mng tinh th, bit nguyn t Cu c bn knh bng 1,28
c) Xc nh khong cch gn nht gia hai nguyn t Cu trong mng
d) Tnh khi lng ring ca Cu theo g/cm
3

a) Mng t bo c s ca Cu (hnh bn)
Theo hnh v, s nguyn t Cu l
tm nh lp phng = 8
1
8
= 1
6 mt lp phng = 6
1
2
= 3
Vy tng s nguyn t Cu cha trong t
bo s ng = 1 + 3 = 4 (nguyn t)
b) Xt mt lp phng ABCD ta c: AC = a 2 = 4 r
Cu

a =
0
Cu
4 r 4 1, 28A
2 2

= = 3,63
c) Khong cch ngn nht gia 2 nguyn t l on AE:
AE =
AC a 2
2 2
= = 2,55
d) Khi lng ring: + 1 mol Cu = 64 gam
+ Th tch ca 1 t bo c s = a
3
cha 4 nguyn t Cu
+ 1 mol Cu c N
A
= 6,02 10
23
nguyn t
Khi lng ring d =
m
V
= 4
23 8 3
64
6, 02 10 (3, 63 10 )


= 8,88 g/cm
3


6. St dng (Fe

) kt tinh trong mng lp phng tm khi, nguyn t c bn knh r = 1,24


. Hy tnh:
a) Cnh a ca t bo s ng
b) T khi ca Fe theo g/cm
3
.
c) Khong cch ngn nht gia hai nguyn t Fe
Cho Fe = 56
a) Mng t bo c s ca Fe (hnh v)

Theo hnh v, s nguyn t Fe l
tm nh lp phng = 8
1
8
= 1
tm lp phng = 1
A
B
C
D
a
E
A
B
C
D
a
D C
A
B
E
E
a
D C
A
B
E
CT
DB


Vy tng s nguyn t Cu cha trong t bo s ng = 1 + 1 = 2 (nguyn t)

b) T hnh v, ta c: AD
2
= a
2
+ a
2
= 2a
2

xt mt ABCD: AC
2
= a
2
+ AD
2
= 3a
2

mt khc, ta thy AC = 4r = a 3 nn a =
4r
3
=
4 1, 24
3

= 2,85
c) Khong cch ngn nht gia 2 nguyn t l on AE:
AE =
AC a 3
2 2
= =
2,85 3
2

= 2,468
d) Khi lng ring: + 1 mol Fe = 56 gam
+ Th tch ca 1 t bo c s = a
3
cha 2 nguyn t Fe
+ 1 mol Fe c N
A
= 6,02 10
23
nguyn t
Khi lng ring d =
m
V
= 2
23 8 3
56
6, 02 10 (2,85 10 )


= 7,95 g/cm
3


7. Cho rng ht nhn nguyn t v chnh nguyn t H c dng hnh cu. Ht nhn nguyn t
hiro c bn knh gn ng bng 10
15
m, bn knh nguyn t hiro bng 0,53 10
10
m.
Hy xc nh khi lng ring ca ht nhn v nguyn t hiro.
(cho khi lng proton = khi lng ntron 1,672 10
27
kg
khi lng electron = 9,109 10
31
kg)
Khi lng ht nhn nguyn t hiro chnh l khi lng ca proton = 1,672 10
27
kg
+ Th tch ht nhn nguyn t hiro bng
V =
3
4 4
r
3 3
= 3,14 (10
15
)
3
= 4,19 10
45
(m
3
)
Khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t hiro bng:
D =
27
45
1,672 10
4,19 10

= 3,99 10
8
(tn/m
3
)
+ Th tch gn ng ca nguyn t hiro l:
10 3
4 3,14 (0, 53 10 )
3


= 0,63 10
30
(m
3
)
+ Khi lng ca nguyn t hiro (tnh c khi lng ca electron) = 1,673 10
27
kg
Khi lng ring ca nguyn t hiro bng

27
30
1,673 10
0, 63 10

= 2,66 10
3
(kg/m
3
) = 2,66 10
3
(g/cm
3
)
7. Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Ca 20
0
C, bit ti nhit khi lng ring ca Ca
bng 1,55 g/cm
3
. Gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Ca c hnh cu, c c kht l 74%.
Cho nguyn t khi ca Ca = 40,08
Th tch ca 1 mol Ca =
40, 08
1, 55
= 25,858 cm
3
, mt mol Ca cha N
A
= 6,02 10
23
nguyn t Ca
Theo c kht, th tch ca 1 nguyn t Fe =
23
25,858 0, 74
6, 02 10

= 3,18 10
23
cm
3

T V =
3
4
r
3

CT


Bn knh nguyn t Ca = r =
3
3V
4
=
23
3
3 3,18 10
4 3,14

= 1,965 10
8
cm
7. Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca Fe 20
0
C, bit ti nhit khi lng ring ca Fe bng
7,87 g/cm
3
. Gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Fe c hnh cu, c c kht l 68%.
Cho nguyn t khi ca 55,85 = 40
Th tch ca 1 mol Fe =
55,85
7,87
= 7,097 cm
3
. mt mol Fe cha N
A
= 6,02 10
23
nguyn t Fe
Theo c kht, th tch ca 1 nguyn t Fe =
23
7, 097 0, 68
6, 02 10

= 0,8 10
23
cm
3

T V =
3
4
r
3

Bn knh nguyn t Fe = r =
3
3V
4
=
23
3
3 0,8 10
4 3,14

= 1,24 10
8
cm


8. Bit rng mono clobenzen c momen lng cc
1
= 1,53 D.
a) Hy tnh momen lng cc
o
;
m
;
p
ca ortho, meta, para diclobenzen.
b) o momen lng cc ca mt trong ba ng phn c = 1,53 D. Hi l dng no ca
diclobenzen?
clo c m in ln,
1
hng t nhn ra ngoi

ortho meta para

= 3 =

= 0
Cng vect s dng h thc lng trong tam gic a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
2bc cos

A
Dn xut ortho:
o
=
2 2 0
1 1
2 2 cos60 + =
1
3
Dn xut meta:
m
=
2 2 0
1 1
2 2 cos120 + =
1

Dn xut para:
p
=
1

1
= 0
b) Theo u bi =1,53D =
1
l dn xut meta -diclobenzen

8. Clobenzen c momen lng cc
1
= 1,53 D (
1
hng t nhn ra ngoi); anilin c momen lng
cc
2
= 1,60D (
2
hng t ngoi vo nhn benzen). Hy tnh ca ortho cloanilin; meta
cloanilin v para cloanilin.
clo c m in ln,
1
hng t nhn ra ngoi nhm NH
2
c cp e t do lin hp vi h e
ca vng benzen hai momen lng cc cng chiu
DB



ortho meta para

Cng vect s dng h thc lng trong tam gic a
2
= b
2
+ c
2
2bc cos

A
Dn xut ortho:
2
O
=
2
1
+
2
2
2
1

2
cos 60
0
=
2
1
+
2
2

1

2
= 2,45

o
= 2, 45 = 1,65D
Dn xut meta:
2
m
=
2
1
+
2
2
2
1

2
cos 120
0
=
2
1
+
2
2
+
1

2
= 7,35

m
= 7, 35 = 2,71D
Dn xut para:
2
p
=
1
+
2
= 1,60 + 1,53 = 3,13D

9. Tnh pH ca dung dch benzoatnatri C
6
H
5
COONa nng 2,0 10
5
M. Bit hng s axit
ca axit benzoic bng 6,29 10
5
.
C
6
H
5
COONa Na
+
+ C
6
H
5
COO


C
6
H
5
COO

+ H
+

C
6
H
5
COOH Ka
1

H
2
O

H
+
+ OH

Kw
T hp 2 phng trnh cho:
C
6
H
5
COO

+ H
2
O

C
6
H
5
COOH + OH

Ktp
Ktp =
w
a
K
K
=
14
5
10
6, 29 10

= 1,59 10
10

Do nng u ca C
6
H
5
COO

nh; mt khc hng s ca qu trnh khng ln hn nhiu


so vi 10
14
nn phi tnh n s in li ca nc.
C
6
H
5
COO

+ H
2
O

C
6
H
5
COOH + OH

Ktp (1)
2,0 10
5
[OH

]
H
2
O

H
+
+ OH

Kw (2)
Theo nh lut bo ton in tch: [OH

] = [C
6
H
5
COOH] + [H
+
]
hay [C
6
H
5
COOH] = [OH

] [H
+
] = [OH

]
14
10
OH

(


thay vo biu thc hng s cn bng ca (1):
K =
[ ]
6 5
6 5
C H COOH OH
C H COO

(

(

=
14
6 5
10
OH OH
OH
C H COO

| |
| ( (

| (
\
(

= 1,59 10
10


2
14
5
OH 10
2 10 OH


(

(

= 1,59 10
10
[OH

]
2
+ 1,59 10
10
[OH

] 13,18 10
15
= 0
CT
DB


[OH

] = 1,148 10
7
pOH = lg(1,148 10
7
) = 6,94 pH = 7,06

9. 20
0
C ha tan vo dung dch NaOH nng 0,016 g/lt mt lng iot phn ng
sau xy ra hon ton: 2NaOH + I
2

NaI + NaIO + H
2
O
Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c. Bit hng s axit ca HIO = 2,0 10
11

Nng u ca OH

=
0, 016
40
= 4,0 10
4
mol/lt
Phn ng 2OH

+ I
2
I

+ IO

+ H
2
O
4,0 10
4
2,0 10
4

IO

+ H
2
O

HIO + OH


[ ] 2,0 10
4
x x x [HIO] = [OH

]
HIO

H
+
+ IO

Ka = 2,0 10
11

Ta c: Ka =
[ ]
IO H
HIO
+
( (

= 2,0 10
11

IO H
OH
+

( (

(

= 2,0 10
11


4
(2, 0 10 OH ) H
OH
+

( (

(

=
14
4
14
10
(2, 0 10 ) H
H
10
H

+
+

+
(

(

(

= 2,0 10
11

2,0 10
14
[H
+
]
2
1,0 10
14
[H
+
] 2,0 10
25
= 0 [H
+
] = 6,53 10
11

pH = lg[H
+
] = lg(6,53 10
11
) = 10,185
10. Hn hp A gm 3 este n chc, mch thng, to thnh t cng mt ru B vi 3 axit
hu c, trong c hai axit no l ng ng k tip nhau v mt axit khng no cha mt
lin kt i. X phng ho hon ton 14,7 gam A bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn
hp mui v p gam ru B. Cho p gam ru B vo bnh ng natri d, sau phn ng
c 2,24 lt kh thot ra v khi lng bnh ng natri tng 6,2 gam. Mt khc t chy
hon ton 14,7 gam A, thu c 13,44 lt CO
2
v 9,9 gam H
2
O. Xc nh cng thc cu
to ca tng este trong A. (Cc th tch kh o iu kin tiu chun).
Xc nh ru B: v este n chc nn ru B n chc
R OH + Na R ONa +
1
2
H
2

0,2 0,1 mol
tng KL = KL (R O) = 6,2 g
KL mol (R O) =
6, 2
0, 2
= 31 R + 16 = 31 R = 15 l CH
3
Ru B: CH
3
OH
Cng thc ca 2 este no l: C
n
H
2n 1 +
COOCH
3
s mol = x
Cng thc ca este cha no l C
m
H
2m1
COOCH
3
s mol = y

C
n
H
2n 1 +
COOCH
3
+
3n 4
2
+
O
2
( n + 2) CO
2
+ ( n + 2) H
2
O
x ( n + 2) x ( n + 2) x
CT


C
m
H
2m1
COOCH
3
+
3m 3
2
+
O
2
(m + 2) CO
2
+ (m + 1) H
2
O
y (m + 2) y (m + 1) y
ta c h pt: x + y = 0,2 (1)
( n + 2) x + (m + 2) y = 0,6 (2)
( n + 2) x + (m + 1) y = 0,55 (3)
Gii h pt cho x = 0,15 ; y = 0,05 v 3n + m = 4
Do n 0 v m 2 nn 2 m 3 bi ton c 2 nghim m = 2 v m = 3
Vi m = 2 n =
2
3
ng vi nghim HCOOCH
3
; CH
3
COOCH
3
v CH
2
=CH-COOCH
3

Vi m = 3 n =
1
3
ng vi nghim HCOOCH
3
; CH
3
COOCH
3
v C
3
H
5
-COOCH
3


10. Nitrosyl clorua l mt cht rt c, khi un nng s phn hu thnh nit monoxit v clo.
a) Hy vit phng trnh cho phn ng ny
b) Tnh Kp ca phn ng 298K(theo atm v theo Pa). Cho:
Nitrosyl clorua Nit monoxit Cl
2

Ho
298
(kJ/mol) 51,71 90,25 ?
S
0
298
(J/K.mol)
264 211 223
c) Tnh gn ng Kp ca phn ng 475K
a) 2NOCl

2NO + Cl
2
.
b) Hng s cn bng nhit ng lc hc c tnh theo phng trnh G = RTlnK
Trong G = H T. S
H = [(2 90,25. 10
3
) + 0 (2 51,71. 10
3
) = 77080 J/mol
S = [(2 211) + 233 (2 264) = 117 J/mol
G = 77080 298 117 = 42214 J/mol
v ln K =
42214
8, 314 298
= 17 Kp = 3,98. 10
8
atm v Kp = 4,04. 10
3
Pa
c) Tnh gn ng:
ln
2
1
( )
( )
Kp T
Kp T
=
1 2
1 1 H
R T T
| |

|
\
lnKp(475K) =
77080 1 1
8, 314 298 475
| |

|
\
+ lnKp(298)
ln Kp (475) = 5,545 Kp = 4,32. 10
3
atm hay Kp = 437Pa



CT

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