Cn bng trng

Nh ta bit, mu sc ca s vt th khng thay i nhng bn thn n li chu nh hng ca tnh cht ngun sng ni mt trng (ca ngun sng hoc s phn x li t nhng vt th chung quanh). V d: quang cnh trong nh vo thi im ban sng vi nh sng tri th s cho sc ti sng, nhng khi v ti, ta thp sng cn phng bng n neon (hoc n bng dy tc) th sc ca cnh quang s ng theo mu n. Cng v l do , khi chp nh mu trng ca chic o trong nh sng ngy s th hin ra mu trng ( ng nh n l mu trng). Nhng n s ng mu vng ( nh mu chic o c) nu c chp di nh sng ca bng n dy tc, hoc c mu trng xanh nu chp di nh sng n neeon. y chnh l s mt cn bng v mu trn nh chp ( hnh 37a). Cn bng trng (white balance) l mt thut ng ch n chc nng loi b s mt cn bng v mu ( color cast) trn nh chp. Ta s cho my nh bit c tnh cht ngun sng ni mi trng chp nh. Qua , my nh t hiu chnh b phn cm quang nhn nh chnh xc hn phn t no c mu trng v phn t no c mu en, ng thi c s phn bit tt hn gia cc i tng. Hnh 37 cho ta mt v d v s mt cn bng mu. Hnh a v b c chp vo thi im sng sm. Nhng hnh a c chp vi ch khng ci t cn bng mu nn tng mu nh chp nh ng sang sc xanh ca nh sng ban mai. Ta thy mu ca tm p phch trn tng khng cn gi c sc m hn, cnh ca v cc chi tit khc cng vy, u ph mt mu xanh dng nht. Trong khi , mu xanh dng ca tm p phch (pha ngoi) th nh c tip sc trng m hn ln. hnh 37b, ch cn bng nh sng trng loi b nh snh xanh ca mi trng tr li tng mu sng ti hn (khng b tng mu xanh nh hng). Cc s vt dng nh ly li c s khc bit mu sc c hu ca chng. Chnh s xc nh ng tng mu ca tng chi tit ( tht s l , xanh tht s l xanh, ) v s khc bit mu gia chng mt cch trung thc lm cho bc nh trng sinh ng v xc thc hn. S xc nh ng tng mu cho bc nh rt quan trng. N l mt s quan trng trong ngh thut nhip nh.

(37a) Tng mu bc nh ng sang mu xanh dng ca nh sng ban sm.

(37b) nh c s cn bng ng, ph hp. Mu sc trung thc gip bc nh trng sinh ng hn.

Hnh 37: Cn bng trng

nh sng tt nht chp nh l nh sng trng (ca bui sng hay nh sng trng ca n flash) . Cc loi nh sng khc th t nhiu u c s nh hng v tng mu nh chp. Qu trnh cn bng trng l gip my xc nh tnh cht ngun sng ni mi trng. T , mu sc khi thu nhn s c lc b nhng sc d tha. N cho php iu chnh v nh li tng mu ca bc nh, hn ch nhng nh hng ca ngun sng mi trng. Nu cnh chp c nh sng nng hoc lnh, th my nh cn iu tit ph hp bc nh khng qu xanh hoc qu mu cam. V vy m nhng ch th mu trng s trng sng hn, v mu tng th ca tm hnh tr nn chn thc hn. ph hp vi tng tnh hung, my nh c lp trnh sn mt s ch tng ng vi tnh cht ca nh sng. C th k ra mt s loi m chng ta thng gp nh nh sng ban ngy, nh sng hunh quang, nh sng c my, nh sng Vonfram ( n bng), nh sng n flash, Nu chng ta s dng my nh trong mi trng no th chn ch WB ph hp vi mi trng y, my nh lc s hot ng theo s ci t . Di y l mt s ch cn bng trng thng c cc hng sn xut quan tm v lp trnh sn trong my: (a) Auto/Fine: k hiu (AUTO) trong ch ny, my nh t ng thch ng vi mu sc t nhin m khng quan tm n ngun sng.

(b) Daylight/Sunnyday: k hiu thch hp khi s dng chp ngoi tri (khng my). Nu bn thch tng mu sng m th c th s dng ch ny trong nh di nh sng n neson.

(c) Cloundy: K hiu S dng khi tri c my hoc ni c nh sng u m m m nh khi tri y my.

(d) Incandescent light/ tungsten light: K hiu .y l ch khi ta chp nh di nh sng vng ca n bng dy tc.

(e) Fluorescent:n hunh quang c phn thnh nhiu loi ty theo hng sn xut.

Bng n neon s dng trong gia nh Bng n neon loi bn Bng n neon s dng trong cng s vn phng.

(f) F lash: nh sng trng ca n flash rt tt gip loi b mt cn bng mu v to cho tm nh c tng mu trung thc. Tuy nhin tm bao ph n flash nh km trong my compact cn nhiu hn ch. Mt s my nh compact c chn cho php s dng km v flash ngoi.

Hnh 38: Cc ch cn bng trng.

1. Chng ta nhc nhiu v mu sc ca ngun sng, bit ngun sng mu g s gip t WB ngon. Vy lm th no xc nh mu ngun sng chnh xc? Thang nhit mu theo Kelvin c dng cho vic ny. Di y l mt s loi ngun sng ph thng v nhit mu tng ng:

mu nh La dim => 1700 K (Match flame)

mu nh Nn, n du => 1850 K (Candle flame, oil lamps)

mu lc Tri t m sng, n Tungsten yu => 2000K

mu nh n (n si t) => 27003300 K (Incandescent light bulb)

mu nh n Studio => 3350 K-3400K (Studio "CP" light,Studio lamps, photofloods..)

mu nh Trng, nh n xenon arc => 4100 K Moonlight, xenon arc lamp

mu nh sng hong hn & bnh minh => 5000 K (Horizon daylight) mu mu mu mu mu nh sng ban ngy bt, n flash nh thng => 55006000 K (Typical daylight, electronic flash) lc Tri trong,c nng => 6000K (Bright sunshine with clear sky) lc Tri sng, c my => 6500 K Daylight, overcast lc Tri nng nhiu my => 7000K (Slightly overcast sky) lc Tri sng trng => 8000K (Hazy sky)

mu lc Tri nng to, lc c my => 9000K (Open shade on clear day ) mu Mn hnh CRT (TV, my tnh) => 9300 K CRT screen mu lc Tri nng, trong xanh => 11,000K (Sunless blue skies ) mu Trn vng ni, tri nng to, lc c my => 20,000+K (Open shade in mountains on a really clear day)

- Th nht: khi chp xc nh mnh ang trong mi trng nh sng no, t t nhit mu kh chnh xc ch khng ch n thun l 5,6 ci mode My/Nng/n tup/n m my c sn. Cch t WB bng tay trn my Canon:

Cn trn my Nikon th d ly:

- Th hai: Mun nh c tng mu "lnh" i => gim nhit mu, mun nh c tng mu "m" ln => tng nhit mu V d:

PS: Cc c lu , ci v gia gim nhit mu ny n cng ging tra gia v khi nu n, nhiu qu khng c, t qu khng c, va lm thay i cht xu tng mu ca nh mi l ngon lancelot sa : 29-10-2009 lc 10:31

Lm quen vi cn bng trng

Nhiu ngi khng quan tm ti cn bng trng trn my nh, nhng yu t ny li nh hng trc tip ti cht lng bc hnh.

Bn cn iu chnh cn bng trng (White Balance - WB) v khi , mu sc ca nh tht hn. minh ha r hn cho cn bng trng, bn c th chp mt cnh vt vo hai thi im khc nhau trong ngy. R rng, tng mu ca hai nh khc nhau, mc d nhn bng mt thng, khung cnh khng c g khc bit. Nguyn nhn l my nh tip cn vi nhng ngun sng khc nhau. V d, di nh sng n hunh quang th nh s mang tng mu xanh nht. vi nh sng n si t, n vonfram, nh s c tng mu vng.

Mu sc ca bc nh di cc ngun sng khc nhau. nh: Digital Photography School.

iu chnh cn bng trng

Trc ht, cn tm hiu v nhit mu. Nhit mu c n v l Kelvin ( K). Mu en ng vi nhit mu l 0 K. Khi ni n nhit mu ca vt ngha l ni ti sng ca vt , ch khng phi nhit ca n.
* Xem bng nhit mu Kelvin trong cc iu kin nh sng khc nhau.

Trong iu kin ngoi tri, mt tri v iu kin kh hu (my, sng m, bi) c th lm tng hoc gim nhit mu. Trong nh, nhit mu thay i theo bng n, in p, loi ht sng.

Bn cnh , my nh cng cung cp mt s ch d dng iu chnh cho my.

* Mt s thit lp c bn thng thy trn my nh.

Mc d ch t ng cn bng trng ca my nh hin nay u tt, nhng khng phi lc no n cng chnh xc. Nhiu ngi vn thch thit lp thng s cn bng trng th cng trong mt s trng hp, mu sc ca bc nh c chnh xc nht. Mo thng hay c s dng l dng mt t giy trng t trong mi trng nh sng m bn mun, chp th vi kiu vi cc thng s khc nhau ti khi bc nh cho mu trng ca t giy l chun nht. Lu gi li thit lp ny v bt u chp bnh thng. Trong v d di y, bc hnh u tin s dng ch t ng cn bng trng chp trong nh di nh sng n si t - mu sc ca bc nh c v m v hi ng vng so vi thc t. Bc nh th hai cho mu sc "tht" vi cc thit lp cn bng trng sau khi ngi cm my s dng mo trn.

Khi ch t ng.

Sau khi s dng thit lp cn bng trng th cng. nh: Digital Photography School.

S dng cn bng trng nh mt cng c sng to.

Khng phi tt c nhip nh gia u mun mu sc ca bc hnh phi tht chnh xc. Vi cc thit lp bn t ng hay K khc nhau ca cn bng trng, ngi chp c th thoi mi sng to cho ra nhng sn phm ngh thut ng . Trong v d di y, nhit K khc nhau to cm gic khc nhau ngi xem.

Bng hoa - chp vi ch cn bng trng t ng.

Khi thay i nhit mu ln 2800 K.

Nu nhit mu l 10.000 K. nh: Digital Photography School.

Trich : Tun Hng Suu tam/Trich 1 so ky thuat nhiep anh