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BI 2. CC BI TON V
( ) ()
k
>2
b) 1 + 1 n
( )
<3
Gi i a. Khai tri n nh th c:
( )
1+ 1 n
k = Cn . 1 n k =0
()
0 = Cn 1 b
1 + Cn 1 n
()
( ) >0)
3
b. Ta c 1 + 1 n
( )
k = Cn . 1 n k =0
()
=1+1+
n! 1 ( n 2 )! n 2!
()
n! 1 ( n 3) ! n 3!
()
+ ...
1 1 =2+ 1 +1 + ... < 2 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1 2! n ( n 1) 3 n ( n 1) ( n 2 ) 2! 3! n! 1 < 2 + 1 + 1 + ... + = 2 + 1 1 + 1 1 + ... + 1 1 = 3 1 < 3 ( n 1) n 1.2 2.3 1 2 2 3 n 1 n n
) (
) (
+ 1x 2
Gi i
0 1 2 n (1 + 2 ) n = C n + C n .2 + C n .2 2 + ... + C n .2 n = 243 3 n = 243 n = 5
(2
x 1 2
+2
x 3
n 0 = Cn
(2 )
x 1 n 2
1 + Cn
( 2 ) ( 2 ) + ... + C ( 2 ) ( 2 )
x 3 n 1 n x 1 2 x 3
x 1 n 1 2
n 1 n + Cn
(2 )
x 3
243
Gi i
3 1 Ta c C n = 5C n (v i n 3, n )
n ( n 1) ( n 2 ) n! = 5n = 5n ( n 3) !3! 6
( n 1) ( n 2 ) = 30 n 2 3n 28 = 0 ( n 7 ) ( n + 4 ) = 0 n = 7
Khi s h ng th t l
3 C7
( 2 ) ( 2 ) = 20 35 2
x 1 4 2
x 3
2( x 1) x
= 140 x = 4
15
, x 0 ; b) Q ( x ) = 1 + 4 x 3 , x 0 3 2 x
17
Gi i
k a. S h ng t ng qut: a k = C15 ( x 2 )
15 k
. 1 x
()
k k = C15 .x 2 15 k .x k = C15 .x 30 3k
b. S h ng t ng qut: a k =
k C17
1 3 2 x
17 k
.( 4 x 3 )
2 3 (17 k ) k k 3 4 C17 .x x
k C17 x
17 k 136 12
Gi i
0 1 2 2n 2 n +1 C 2 n +1 + C 2 n +1 + C 2 n +1 + ... + C 2 n +1 + C 2 n +1 = (1 + 1)
2 n +1 0 2 n +1 = 2 2 n +1 . Do C 2 n +1 = C 2 n +1 = 1
1 2 n n +1 2n nn C 2 n +1 + C 2 n +1 + ... + C 2 n +1 + C 2 n +1 + ... + C 2 n +1 = 2 2 n +1 2 = 2 ( 20 20 1)
2 2 n +1 = 2 21 2n + 1 = 21 n = 10 . Xt bi u th c
1 + x 7 = ( x 4 + x 7 )10 = C k ( x 4 )10k ( x 7 ) k = C k x 4 k 40 x 7 k = C k x 11k 40 10 10 10 4 x k =0 k =0 k =0
6 Xt 11k 40 = 26 11k = 66 k = 6 . V y h s c a x 26 l C10 = 210 .
10 10
10
10
) ,h
s c a s h ng th ba l n hn h
b. Tm s h ng khng ch a x
Gi i a. Ta c x + 1 x
k = C n x nk 1 x k =0
()
k = C n x n 2 k k =0
i H s c a s h ng th i ng v i k = i 1 l: a i 1 = C n1 .
Gi i
3 x + 1 = x3 + x 4 x
7
1 7 4
=
k =0
k C7
(x ) (x )
1 3
7 k
1 k 4
k = C7 x k =0
7 k 3
k 4
k = C7 x k =0
28 7 k 12
Bi 9. Tm s
x+x
28 15
) , bi t r ng:
n n n C n + C n 1 + C n 2 = 79 .
Gi i
n n n Ta c: C n + C n 1 + C n 2 = 79 (n nguyn, n 2 )
1+ n +
n ( n 1) = 79 n 2 + n 156 = 0 ( n + 13) ( n 12 ) = 0 n = 12 2
k C12
V i n = 12 th a k =
(x x)
3
12 k
(x )
28 15
k C12
( ) .( x )
28 15
4 12 k x3
k C12 .x
240 48 k 15
2 + 3 3 ) ; b. ( 3 + 3 2 )
k 2 + 3 3 ) , s h ng TQ: Tk +1 = C5 . ( 2 )
5k
k . ( 3 3 ) = C5 .2
5 k k 2 .3 3
3 Tk +1 h u t th 5 k v k nguyn v i k = 0, 5 k = 3 T4 = C 5 .2.3 = 60 2 3
k 3 + 3 2 ) , s h ng TQ: Tk +1 = C 9
( 3)
9k
(3 2)
k = C 9 .3
k 9 k 2 .2 3
245
Tk +1 h u t th 9 k , k nguyn v i k = 0, 9 k = 3 ; k = 9 2 3
3 9 V y c 2 h ng t h u t l: T4 = C 9 .3 2.2 = 4536 ; T10 = C 9 .3 0 .2 3 = 8
40
Gi i
x+ 1 x2
40
40
31
Gi i
n +1 n n +1 C n + 4 C n + 3 = 7 ( n + 3) C n +3 = 7 ( n + 3)
( n + 2 ) ( n + 3) = 7 ( n + 3) n = 12 . 2
5 x2
1 + x 5 = x 3 + x 2 3 x
12
5 12
=
k =0
12
k C12
(x )
3
12 k
( )
k k = C12 x 3k 36 x 2 = C12 x k =0 k =0
12
5k
12
11k 72 2
10
+ ... + (1 + x )
14
14
+ ... + (1 + x )
14
H s theo x 9
9 C9
ng t t c k = 9 l:
9 C14 = 1 + 10 + 55 + 220 + 715 + 2002 = 3003
9 C10
9 C11 ... +
Gi i a. V i bi u th c: k (1 + x ) ch a s h ng ax 15 khi k 15 , lc :
i k (1 + x ) = k C k .x i th h s theo x 15
k i =0 k
15 ng v i i = 15 l k .C k .
246
H s theo x 5
5 5 5 ng v i i = j = k = 5 l: C 5 .2 5 + C 6 .2 5 + C 7 .2 5 = 896 .
Gi i Ta c: P ( x ) = ( x + 1) . ( 3 x )
10 10 2 10
= x 2 (3 x )
10
+ 2x (3 x)
10
10
+ (3 x )
10
H s theo x 3
Gi i
i j (1 + x ) n (1 + x ) m = C n x i C m x j . V m, n k nn x k = x 0 .x k = x.x k 1 = ... = x k .x 0 . i =0 i =0 0 k 1 k k 0 Do , h s theo x k l: a k = C n .C m + C n .C m1 + ... + C n .C m n m
Gi i
0 1 n t P ( x ) = ( x 2 + 1) th t ng cc h s l P (1) = C n + C n + ... + C n = 2 n = 1024
n
n = 10 . V i n = 10 th P ( x ) = ( x 2 + 1) H s theo x 12
10
k = C10 . ( x 2 )
k =0
10
10 k
k .1k = C10 .x 20 2 k .
k =0
10
4 ng 20 2k = 12 k = 4 l C10 = 210 .
) ( x + 21 ) ... ( x + 21 )
2
) ( x + 21 ) ...( x + 21 ) = x
2 n
()
= 1 + 12 + ... + 1n + 2 B 4 4 4
1 1 4 1 + 2B = 4 1 1 4
()
+ 2 B = 1 1 1n + 2 B 3 4
n n Do B = 1 A 2 1 1 1n = 4 3.2n + 2 2 3 4 3.4
+ x (1 + x )
2
999
+ x 2 (1 + x )
998
+ ... + x 1000
b. Q ( x ) = (1 + x ) + 2 (1 + x ) + ... + 1000 (1 + x ) Gi i a. : ( x + 1)
1000
1000
x 1001 = ( x + 1 x ) .P ( x ) = P ( x )
248
b. Q ( x ) = (1 + x ) . i (1 + x )
i =1
1000
i 1
1000 1000 i 1 (1 + x ) = (1 + x ) . (1 + x ) = (1 + x ) (1 + x ) 1 (1 + x ) i =1
1000 (1 + x ) x
1001
1 2 3 P ( x) = (1 + x 2 ) x 3 = (1 + x 2 ) C9 (1 + x 2 ) .x 3 + C9 (1 + x 2 ) .x 6 C9 . (1 + x 2 ) .x 9 + ...
V x 8 c m ch n nn cc s h ng theo x 8 ch xu t hi n
hai a th c sau:
(1 + x 2 ) 9 = C 9i . ( x 2 ) i
i =0 7
4 ng v i i = 4 , t c l c h s C 9
7
2 2 C 9 (1 + x 2 ) .x 6 = C 9 .x 6 . C 7j ( x 2 ) i=0
2 1 ng v i j = 1 , t c l c h s C 9 .C 7
15
n k m k = C n . x k C n k . y m .z n k m m=0
V y s h ng c n tm l
n
n ! x k . y m .z l v i l = n k m k ! m !l !
l y theo
b. p d ng ( 2 x 5 y + z )
15
= ( ( 2 x ) + ( 5 y ) + z )
15
( n k )! n! n! = k ! ( n k ) ! m !( n k m ) ! k ! m ! ( n k m ) !
249
Bi 23. Cho nh th c P ( x ) = ( 3 2 x ) , n t nhin. Sau khi khai tri n, tnh: a. T ng t t c cc h s theo ly th a l . b. T ng t t c cc h s theo ly th a ch n. Gi i Ta c: P ( x ) = ( 3 2 x ) = a 0 + a1 x + a 2 x 2 + a 3 x 3 + ... + a n x n
n 1 = ( 3 2 ) = P (1) = a 0 + a1 + a 2 + a 3 + ... + a n n
P ( 1) = a 0 a1 + a 2 a 3 + ... + ( 1) a n
a. T ng cc h s theo ly th a l : a1 + a 3 + a 5 + ... =
P (1) P ( 1) 1 5 n = 2 2 P (1) + P ( 1) 1 + 5 n = 2 2
b. T ng cc h s theo ly th a ch n: a 0 + a 2 + a 4 + ... =
Gi i
n k k Ta c ( a + b ) = C n .a n k .b k . Cc h s l C n , 0 k n . k =0 k k Xt C n 1 < C n n
k k Do : Max C n = C n2 n u n ch n v Max C n = C n 2 n u n l .
k = 0, n k = 0, n
n Bi 25. Tm h ng t l n nh t trong khai tri n c a ( a + b ) v i a, b > 0; n
Gi i
n k k k Ta c: ( a + b ) = C n .a n k .b k . G i Tk +1 = C n .a n k b k = Max C n .a n k b k k =0
k = 0, n
( n + 1) b k k 1 n k +1 .b k 1 C n .a n k .b k k a + b Tk Tk +1 C n .a Khi k +1 n k 1 k 1 k .b C m .a n k .b k Tk + 2 Tk +1 C n .a k ( n + 1) b 1 a+b
V y, n u Cn n u
250