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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

PHN 1: THIT K MCH IN T S

Mc ch, yu cu thit k:
Mc ch: - nm vng nguyn tc thit k b m c s dng cc Flip Flop tch hp sn trong cc vi mch, nguyn l to xung Clock s dng cng NAND, phng php ti thiu ha cc hm Logic bng bng Kacno. - phn bit b m ng b v khng ng b, s khc nhau gia b m ng b v khng ng b. - lm quen vi cc Vi mch s c s dng ph bin trong thc t. Yu cu: Thit k b m ni tip Mod 10 gm 4 JK - FF v 1 cng NAND (c 2 u vo). I. Phn tch yu cu thit k, xy dng s khi v chc nng tng khi: B m ni tip l b m khng ng b. B m vi MOD = 10 nn ta s dng 4 Flip Flop. Vi 4 Flip Flop ta c th m c 2^4 = 16 trng thi, m mch m ch c 10 trng thi do cn 6 trng thi tha ta c th tn dng cc trng thi ny ti thiu ha cc bin u vo. Mch m khng ng b l mch m m xung Clock ch c a vo Flip Flop u tin, cn cc chn Clock ca cc Flip Flop sau c ly t u ra ca cc Flip Flop trc. Vy yu cu ca bi s l thit k mch m khng ng b MOD = 10 S dng 4 Flip Flop JK v mt cng NAND. Mch gm 3 khi l khi to xung Clock, khi thc hin m v khi hin th.

1. S khi:
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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

Xung Clock

M BCD

M 7 thanh

Khi to xung nhp

Khi b m

Khi gii m LED 7 thanh

Khi hin th

Khi ngun DC 5V

~220V

S khi chc nng cho mch m 2. Chc nng tng khi: *Khi ngun DC 5V: cc vi mch s h TTL (74LSxxx) thng dng ngun nui 1 chiu 5V, v vy ta cn c khi to ngun nui DC 5V a n tt c cc khi mch khc cn li. * Khi to xung nhp vi chc nng to ra xung nhp chun kch cho b m hot ng sn m. * Khi b m s dng 1 trig JK to ra b m MOD 16 * Khi gii m hin th LED 7 thanh vi chc nng nhn cc s m m BCD t khi b m chuyn sang gii m thnh cc tn hiu iu khin khi LED 7 thanh. * Khi hin th l LED 7 thanh hin th ch s. II. Xc nh s phi hp gia cc khi v chn linh kin thc hin cc khi chc nng: 1. Thit k khi ngun: C th thit k vi 1 bin p, 1 it cu chnh lu, 1 t lc v 1 IC n p 5V 78LS05. Tuy nhin trong bi thc tp ny khng yu cu thit k khi ngun ny m c php ly lun t ngun 5V, t ngun DC iu chnh c sn.

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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

2. Thit k khi to xung nhp: C nhiu cch to xung nhp cho mch s, nhng vi yu cu t ra th ch cn to xung nhp c tn s vi Hz vi n nh khng cn cao nn ta s dng s :

R1 4.7k

U1B

U2B Clock

C1 100uF +

R2 4.7k

S to xung nhp n gin tn s 1Hz

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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

IC7400
S chn:

3) Thit k khi ng b m khng ng b Mod 10:


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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

Mch bao gm 4 trig JK v 1 cng NAND 2 u vo mc nh hnh v trn. Nguyn l hot ng ca mch: J1 = K1 = J2 = K2 = J3 = K3 = J4 = K4 = 1 CLK kch cho trig 1 Q1 kch cho trig 2 Q2 kch cho trig 3 Q3 kch cho trig 4 Gi s trng thi ban u ca b m = 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0000 - Khi CLK 1 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q2, Q3 v Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0001 - Khi CLK 2 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q2 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 0 -> Q4, gi nguyn gi tr 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0010 - Khi CLK 3 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q2 = 1, Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 0, Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0011 - Khi CLK 4 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q2 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q3 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0100 - Khi CLK 5 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q2 = 0, Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 1, Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0101 - Khi CLK 6 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q2 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 1, Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 0:
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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0110 - Khi CLK 7 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q2 = 1, Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 1, Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0111 - Khi CLK 8 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q2 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q3 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m Q4 chuyn t 0 ln 1: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 1000 - Khi CLK 9 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q2 = 0, Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 0, Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 1: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 1001 - Khi CLK 10 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q2 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 0, Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 1 khi u ra cng NAND c mc logic 0 -> tch cc cng xa CLR v cy cc trig xa Q v 0. Do trng thi ny: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0000 Nh vy, vi trng s cc bit l Q4Q3Q2Q1 th hnh chuyn trng thi ca mch l: S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9

B m trn c MOD = 10

Bng trng thi: t t FF - 4 FF - 3 FF - 2 FF - 1

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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1

Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0

J4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 X X

K4 J3 X X X X X X X X 0 1 0 0 0 1 X X X X 0 0

K3 J2 X X X X 0 0 0 1 X X 0 1 X X 0 1 X X 0 0

K2 J1 X X 0 1 X X 0 1 X X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1 X

K1 X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1

Thc hin ti thiu ha bng bng KacNo: T bng trng thi ta thy ngay c J1 = K1 = 1

Q2Q1 00 Q4Q3 00 0 01 1 11 1 10 X
7

01 11 10

0 X 0

X X 0

X X X

X X X

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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

Q2Q1 00 Q4Q3 00 X 01 X 11 1 10 0

01 11 10 K2 = Q1

X X X

X X X

1 X X

0 X X

J 2= Q4.Q1 Q2Q1 00 Q4Q3 00 01 11 10 0 X X 0 01 0 X X 0 11 1 X X X 10 0 X X X

Q4Q3 00 01 11 10

0 X X

0 X X

0 1 X X

0 0 X X

J4 = Q3.Q2.Q1 K3 = Q2.Q1

J3 = Q2.Q1 Q2Q1 00 01 11 10

K4 = Q1

Vy ta c J1 = K1 = 1 J 2 = Q4.Q1 K2 = Q1 J3 = Q2.Q1 K3 = Q2.Q1 J4 = Q3.Q2.Q1 K4 = Q1 Q2Q1 00 Q4Q3 00 01 11 10 X X X 0 01 X X X 1 11 X 1 X X 10 X X X X

Q2Q1 00 01 11 10 Q4Q3 00 X X 01 0 0 11 X X 10 X X Vi JK kch sn m ta 7476. S chn nh sau: X X 1 0 X X X X s dng IC

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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

Bng chc nng:

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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

IC 7476 cha 2 trig JK, v vy ta s dng 2 IC 7476 thit k mch m chia 5.

4) Mch gii m:

S dng IC 7447:
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Chc nng ca IC 7447 l b gi m v kch thch hin th A, B, C, D l cc u vo, trong D c trng s ln nht

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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

5) Khi hin th s dng n LED 7 thanh:

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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

Do u ra ca IC 7447 tch cc mc thp nn ta s dng LED 7 thanh chung Anot - Cu to ca n LED 7 thanh: Chn 3 v chn 8 thng nhau

III. S nguyn l ton mch:

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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

IV. Dng tn hiu quan st: Dng sng ra ca b m MOD 10 nh hnh di y:

PHN II: THIT K MCH IN T TNG T


Nhim v thit k

MCH TO XUNG VUNG MT CC TNH


Mc ch v yu cu: Mc ch: To ra dy xung vung mt cc tnh Yu cu: in p vo 220V/50Hz Tn s 100Hz < f < KHz Bin xung ra l 9V I. Phn tch yu cu thit k: Tn hiu xung l tn hiu bin thin khng lin tc (ri rc) theo thi gian. C 2 loi sung chnh l xung vung v xung tam gic vi cc thng s c trng: Um: Bin ca xung tx: rng ca xung T: Chu k ca xung (f = 1/T: tn s ca xung) Trong k thut in t, k thut xung ng vai tr quan trng v c ng dng kh rng ri. Cc mch to xung c ng dng trong cc mch iu khin, c bit l mch iu khin bo ng, mch nh thi, mch d. Trong thc t a s cc mch to xung u tch hp trong IC. Mch to xung mt cc tnh l mch ch to xung vung dng.T in p 220V/50Hz ta cho qua bin p h p in p xoay chiu, sau cho i qua b chnh lu chnh lu in p xoay chiu, sau cho qua b lc phng to ra in p mt chiu. in p mt chiu ny sau c a qua mch dao ng a hi to ra xung vung c tn s v bin theo mun. Yu cu ca bi ton: Thit k mch to xung vung mt cc tnh vi: Bin xung 9V Tn s xung thay i trong phm vi t 100Hz n 1KHz in p cung cp t mng l 220V/50Hz

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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

II. Thit k mch to xung vung mt cc tnh: 1. S khi:

H p 220V

Chnh lu

Lc phng

Dao ng

S ki to xung vung 1.1 Khi h p: C cu to l 2 cun dy c s vng khc nhau qun trn cc l thp mng cch in: cun th nht gi l cun s cp c s vng dy l N1; cun th 2 l cun th cp c s vng dy l N2. Khi h p c tc dng bin i in p xoay chiu. H s bin i in p: U1/U2 = N1/N2 S bin p xoay chiu:

U1

N1

N2

U2

1.2 Khi chnh lu:

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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

Khi ny chnh lu in p xoay chiu thnh in p mt chiu. Khi chnh lu c chu k in p, to thnh in p mt chiu. S mch chnh lu:

S dng tn hiu sau chnh lu:

Uac

Udc

1.3 Khi lc phng:


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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

Chc nng l lc cc thnh phn xoay chiu cn tn ti trong mch sau khi i qua b chnh lu cu v cc thnh phn cao tn. Cc phn t c dng l cc t c in dung ln, thng chn t 1000F hoc 2200F lc thnh phn nhp nh xoay chiu v t 104 lc thnh phn cao tn. S mch lc:

S dng tn hiu sau khi qua b lc:


U Dng in p sau chnh lu

Dng in p sau khi qua b lc

1.4 Khi to dao ng:

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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

Mch ny c chc nng to ra chui xung vung mt cc tnh. S mch:

Uvo
Rc1 R1 R21 C1 R31

Ura

C2 +

Ura

T1
0

T2 1
0

Hot ng ca mch dao ng to xung vung: Khi cp ngun in s c mt transistor tt. Nh tc dng ca mch hi tip dng C2B1 v C1B2 s lm cho transistor dn mnh hn tin dn n bo ha, transistor dn in yu hn tin dn n cm hon ton. Gi s ban u transister T1 thng, khi t C1 c np in t RC2 qua C1 lm dng IB1 tng cao dn n T1 tin dn n bo ha. Khi T1 bo ha, dng IC1 tng cao v UC1 = UCE1 sat ~ 0,2V, t C2 phng in t +C2 qua T1 v R1 v -C2, in p m trn t C2 c a vo cc baz ca transistor T2 lm cho T2 tt. Thi gian cm ca t C2 chnh l thi gian phng in t C2 c a ti R1, sau khi t x ht in th cc baz ca T2 c phn cc nh in tr R1 lm cho T2 dn bo ha khi UC2 = UCE2 sat ~ 0,2V. Do dn ti t C1 phng in, t phng in t +C1 qua T2 v R1 v -C1 a v cc baz ca T1 lm cho T1 tt, khi t C2 c np in t +ECC qua RC1, +C2 qua baz T2 xung t lm cho dng IB2 tng ln cao v T2 bo ha nhanh. Thi gian cm ca t C1 chnh l thi gian phng in ca t C1 c a ti R2, sau khi t x ht in th cc baz ca T1 c phn cc nh in tr R2 lm cho T2 dn bo ha nh trng thi gi thit ban u, hin tng ny c lp i lp li tun hon t dao ng.
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Thit k mch in t tng t - in t s

c tuyn truyn t:

Ur

Ura max

Ungt

Ung Uv

Ura min

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