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Mc ch, yu cu thit k:
Mc ch: - nm vng nguyn tc thit k b m c s dng cc Flip Flop tch hp sn trong cc vi mch, nguyn l to xung Clock s dng cng NAND, phng php ti thiu ha cc hm Logic bng bng Kacno. - phn bit b m ng b v khng ng b, s khc nhau gia b m ng b v khng ng b. - lm quen vi cc Vi mch s c s dng ph bin trong thc t. Yu cu: Thit k b m ni tip Mod 10 gm 4 JK - FF v 1 cng NAND (c 2 u vo). I. Phn tch yu cu thit k, xy dng s khi v chc nng tng khi: B m ni tip l b m khng ng b. B m vi MOD = 10 nn ta s dng 4 Flip Flop. Vi 4 Flip Flop ta c th m c 2^4 = 16 trng thi, m mch m ch c 10 trng thi do cn 6 trng thi tha ta c th tn dng cc trng thi ny ti thiu ha cc bin u vo. Mch m khng ng b l mch m m xung Clock ch c a vo Flip Flop u tin, cn cc chn Clock ca cc Flip Flop sau c ly t u ra ca cc Flip Flop trc. Vy yu cu ca bi s l thit k mch m khng ng b MOD = 10 S dng 4 Flip Flop JK v mt cng NAND. Mch gm 3 khi l khi to xung Clock, khi thc hin m v khi hin th.
1. S khi:
Khoa Cng ngh in t - Thng tin 1
Xung Clock
M BCD
M 7 thanh
Khi b m
Khi hin th
Khi ngun DC 5V
~220V
S khi chc nng cho mch m 2. Chc nng tng khi: *Khi ngun DC 5V: cc vi mch s h TTL (74LSxxx) thng dng ngun nui 1 chiu 5V, v vy ta cn c khi to ngun nui DC 5V a n tt c cc khi mch khc cn li. * Khi to xung nhp vi chc nng to ra xung nhp chun kch cho b m hot ng sn m. * Khi b m s dng 1 trig JK to ra b m MOD 16 * Khi gii m hin th LED 7 thanh vi chc nng nhn cc s m m BCD t khi b m chuyn sang gii m thnh cc tn hiu iu khin khi LED 7 thanh. * Khi hin th l LED 7 thanh hin th ch s. II. Xc nh s phi hp gia cc khi v chn linh kin thc hin cc khi chc nng: 1. Thit k khi ngun: C th thit k vi 1 bin p, 1 it cu chnh lu, 1 t lc v 1 IC n p 5V 78LS05. Tuy nhin trong bi thc tp ny khng yu cu thit k khi ngun ny m c php ly lun t ngun 5V, t ngun DC iu chnh c sn.
2. Thit k khi to xung nhp: C nhiu cch to xung nhp cho mch s, nhng vi yu cu t ra th ch cn to xung nhp c tn s vi Hz vi n nh khng cn cao nn ta s dng s :
R1 4.7k
U1B
U2B Clock
C1 100uF +
R2 4.7k
IC7400
S chn:
Mch bao gm 4 trig JK v 1 cng NAND 2 u vo mc nh hnh v trn. Nguyn l hot ng ca mch: J1 = K1 = J2 = K2 = J3 = K3 = J4 = K4 = 1 CLK kch cho trig 1 Q1 kch cho trig 2 Q2 kch cho trig 3 Q3 kch cho trig 4 Gi s trng thi ban u ca b m = 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0000 - Khi CLK 1 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q2, Q3 v Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0001 - Khi CLK 2 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q2 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 0 -> Q4, gi nguyn gi tr 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0010 - Khi CLK 3 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q2 = 1, Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 0, Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0011 - Khi CLK 4 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q2 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q3 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0100 - Khi CLK 5 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q2 = 0, Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 1, Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0101 - Khi CLK 6 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q2 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 1, Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 0:
Khoa Cng ngh in t - Thng tin 5
Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0110 - Khi CLK 7 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q2 = 1, Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 1, Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 0: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0111 - Khi CLK 8 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q2 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q3 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m Q4 chuyn t 0 ln 1: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 1000 - Khi CLK 9 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q2 = 0, Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 0, Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 1: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 1001 - Khi CLK 10 tch cc, Q1 chuyn t 1 v 0, sn m -> Q2 chuyn t 0 ln 1, sn dng -> Q3 gi nguyn gi tr 0, Q4 gi nguyn gi tr 1 khi u ra cng NAND c mc logic 0 -> tch cc cng xa CLR v cy cc trig xa Q v 0. Do trng thi ny: Q4Q3Q2Q1 = 0000 Nh vy, vi trng s cc bit l Q4Q3Q2Q1 th hnh chuyn trng thi ca mch l: S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9
B m trn c MOD = 10
Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
Q4 Q3 Q2 Q1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
J4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 X X
K4 J3 X X X X X X X X 0 1 0 0 0 1 X X X X 0 0
K3 J2 X X X X 0 0 0 1 X X 0 1 X X 0 1 X X 0 0
K2 J1 X X 0 1 X X 0 1 X X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1 X
K1 X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1 X 1
Thc hin ti thiu ha bng bng KacNo: T bng trng thi ta thy ngay c J1 = K1 = 1
Q2Q1 00 Q4Q3 00 0 01 1 11 1 10 X
7
01 11 10
0 X 0
X X 0
X X X
X X X
Q2Q1 00 Q4Q3 00 X 01 X 11 1 10 0
01 11 10 K2 = Q1
X X X
X X X
1 X X
0 X X
Q4Q3 00 01 11 10
0 X X
0 X X
0 1 X X
0 0 X X
J4 = Q3.Q2.Q1 K3 = Q2.Q1
J3 = Q2.Q1 Q2Q1 00 01 11 10
K4 = Q1
4) Mch gii m:
S dng IC 7447:
Khoa Cng ngh in t - Thng tin 10
Chc nng ca IC 7447 l b gi m v kch thch hin th A, B, C, D l cc u vo, trong D c trng s ln nht
11
12
Do u ra ca IC 7447 tch cc mc thp nn ta s dng LED 7 thanh chung Anot - Cu to ca n LED 7 thanh: Chn 3 v chn 8 thng nhau
13
14
H p 220V
Chnh lu
Lc phng
Dao ng
S ki to xung vung 1.1 Khi h p: C cu to l 2 cun dy c s vng khc nhau qun trn cc l thp mng cch in: cun th nht gi l cun s cp c s vng dy l N1; cun th 2 l cun th cp c s vng dy l N2. Khi h p c tc dng bin i in p xoay chiu. H s bin i in p: U1/U2 = N1/N2 S bin p xoay chiu:
U1
N1
N2
U2
15
Khi ny chnh lu in p xoay chiu thnh in p mt chiu. Khi chnh lu c chu k in p, to thnh in p mt chiu. S mch chnh lu:
Uac
Udc
Chc nng l lc cc thnh phn xoay chiu cn tn ti trong mch sau khi i qua b chnh lu cu v cc thnh phn cao tn. Cc phn t c dng l cc t c in dung ln, thng chn t 1000F hoc 2200F lc thnh phn nhp nh xoay chiu v t 104 lc thnh phn cao tn. S mch lc:
17
Uvo
Rc1 R1 R21 C1 R31
Ura
C2 +
Ura
T1
0
T2 1
0
Hot ng ca mch dao ng to xung vung: Khi cp ngun in s c mt transistor tt. Nh tc dng ca mch hi tip dng C2B1 v C1B2 s lm cho transistor dn mnh hn tin dn n bo ha, transistor dn in yu hn tin dn n cm hon ton. Gi s ban u transister T1 thng, khi t C1 c np in t RC2 qua C1 lm dng IB1 tng cao dn n T1 tin dn n bo ha. Khi T1 bo ha, dng IC1 tng cao v UC1 = UCE1 sat ~ 0,2V, t C2 phng in t +C2 qua T1 v R1 v -C2, in p m trn t C2 c a vo cc baz ca transistor T2 lm cho T2 tt. Thi gian cm ca t C2 chnh l thi gian phng in t C2 c a ti R1, sau khi t x ht in th cc baz ca T2 c phn cc nh in tr R1 lm cho T2 dn bo ha khi UC2 = UCE2 sat ~ 0,2V. Do dn ti t C1 phng in, t phng in t +C1 qua T2 v R1 v -C1 a v cc baz ca T1 lm cho T1 tt, khi t C2 c np in t +ECC qua RC1, +C2 qua baz T2 xung t lm cho dng IB2 tng ln cao v T2 bo ha nhanh. Thi gian cm ca t C1 chnh l thi gian phng in ca t C1 c a ti R2, sau khi t x ht in th cc baz ca T1 c phn cc nh in tr R2 lm cho T2 dn bo ha nh trng thi gi thit ban u, hin tng ny c lp i lp li tun hon t dao ng.
Khoa Cng ngh in t - Thng tin 18
c tuyn truyn t:
Ur
Ura max
Ungt
Ung Uv
Ura min
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20