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PRACTICALS 1. Introduction and general theory of Mobile Phone 2. To Study Specifications of a Cellular Phone 3. To Study Installation procedure 4. To Study the Block Diagram and Working principal 5. To Study the terms, definition and nomenclature used 6. To Study Input/output signals of different sections 7. To Study Ringer section 8. To Study Dialer Section 9. To Study Speech Amplifier Section 10. To Study Keyboard Matrix Section 11. To Study Transmitter Section 12. To Study Receiver Section 13. To study transmission/reception theory - (CDMA) 14. To study details of SIM card 15. To understand charging of Hand Set 16. To understand and perform operational procedure 17. To understand the testing procedure 18. To demonstrate and understand different types of faults 19. To study faults diagnosis method 20. To study the facilities provided by cellular company 21. To study cables & add-on accessories for Cell phones 22. To understand features of latest Cell phones 23. To compare features of some typical Cell phones available in market 24. To study Cellophane operator Companies and their plan and tariff. 25. To study some common questions and Glossary of technical terms 26. To study test point voltages 27. To study test point waveforms 28. To study create and study faults 03 08 12 14 24 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 28 34 38 41 42 47 48 50 52 57 60 63 71 81 82 85

PRACTICAL-1 INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL THEORY OF MOBILE PHONE AIM To Study Specifications of a Cellular Phone (1) EVALUATION OF MOBILE PHONE 1912: Sunday, April 14, shortly before midnight, the RMS Titanic struck an iceberg off the coast of Newfoundland. The radio operator, John Phillips, repeatedly transmitted the distress call CQD in Morse code. Fifty- eight miles away, the Carpathia received the messages, and steamed toward the sinking liner. The Carpathia pulled 705 survivors out of their lifeboats. Phillips continued transmitting until power failed on the Titanic This dramatic rescue established the power of wireless communications. Since the Titanic disaster, wireless communications have expanded beyond the dreams of radio pioneers! 1946: The first public mobile telephone was introduced in 25 major American cities. Each system, based on half- duplex mode, used a single high- powered FM transmitter and large tower in order to cover distances of over 50km. 1950 - 1960: AT& T Bell Laboratories and other telecommunications companies throughout the world developed the theory and techniques of cellular radiotelephony - concept of breaking a coverage zone into small cells to increase spectrum usage by frequency reuse in different cells. 1979: The worlds first cellular system was implemented by Nippon Telephone and Telegraph company in Japan (600 FM duplex channels, 25kHz each, in the 800 MHz band). 1983: The US Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) was deployed (60 kHz for each FM Full duplex channel, in the 800MHz band) 1991: The digital cellular standard GSM system (Global System for Mobile) was first deployed in the 900MHz band in Europe. Also, the first US Digital Cellular (USDC) system was installed in major US cities with 3 times more capacity compared to that of earlier AMPS. 2001: NTT Do Como launches in Tokyo the first 3 rd generation WCDMA cellular system, based on IMT2000 standard (10 MHz for each WCDMA Full Duplex channel, in the 2GHz band).

INTRODUCTION: -

Figure-10
Mobile Telephone: Mobile Telephone system is a wide area cordless telephone system. In this system high-power transmitters and elevated antennas are used to provide wireless telephone link over a radius of 20 to 30 miles from the base station antenna. Compared to the cordless telephone, which provides service to only one person at a time, a single base station in the mobile telephone system can provides simultaneous service to more than one person. As you can see in the figure-10, the mobile telephone system is basically made of two parts, a base station and a mobile telephone unit. Base Unit: A base station with a power of several hundred watts can easily cover an average city. It is the job of the base station to transmit and receive several different frequencies simultaneously to provide service to several mobile units at the same time.

A typical base station transmits output power is typically 200-250 watts and covers a circular area of up to 30 miles in radius. The base unit contains a receiver; transmitter and a control unit, which is used, manage the mobile unit and the standard telephone line. Filters, high-gain amplifiers and demodulators in the receiver section of the base station provide voice signal to the telephone line. The control terminal contains the necessary detector, timing and logic circuits to control the link between the base unit and the mobile units. Telephone calls can be easily coupled to and from the standard telephone system in this mobile telephone system. The control terminal in this unit has the necessary interface circuits so that a call from mobile unit is interconnected through the national or international telephone system to the called party just like an ordinary telephone call. For this, a mobile phone service provider enters in contract with the local land based telephone operators. Mobile Unit: The mobile station of this system is installed in the vehicle of the phone user. The mobile station of this system contains a receiver, a transmitter, control unit and antennas. The receiver contains amplifiers, a mixer and a demodulator; transmitter contains a modulator, carrier oscillators and amplifiers and the control unit with microphone, speaker, keypad and switches; antennas and the interconnecting cables. To use the mobile unit, first the handset is lifted from the cradle, this makes the radio unit to automatically select an available channel. If no channel is available, the busy light comes on, on the mobile unit. Once a free channel is found, dial tone is heard from the phone. Now, the phone user can dial the required number as it is done with the ordinary telephone system. When an incoming call addressed to the mobile unit is received, the ringer in the unit starts ringing. Lifting the handset and talking can answer the call, just like it is done with the normal telephone set. Home Area and Roaming: One can use a mobile telephone as a normal telephone. Using a mobile telephone one can connect to any telephone in the word from any place within the base stations limit. When a subscriber goes outside the range of his base station, his mobile telephone can only be reached through another similar adjacent mobile base station. This requires that the telephone service providers of both the place have some advanced arrangements for this facility. The 20-30 mile radius within the base antenna, where the mobile system can provide optimum performance is called the subscriber's home area. When the subscriber goes out of the home area into another area, the subscriber is referred to as a roamer. The telephone number of a mobile unit contains the home area's base station identification. When someone calls a mobile unit, the calling party is first connected to the transmitter serving the subscriber's home area. If the subscriber is not within the range of his home area, then the base station won't get an answer from the mobile unit and the caller will get a no-answer signal. If the subscriber roams outside the home area, and if the new area has proper arrangement with the service provider of the home area, then the subscriber can be reached without any trouble. In the wireless operation signaling functions normally performed by voltage and cur- rent is performed by different sound tones. These tones are specially selected so that they are not mistaken for other signaling tones, such as DTMF dialing tones. A particular tone transmitted to the mobile unit will, for example, ring the mobile telephone to indicate an incoming call. Different tones are used to indicate off-hook, busy, etc. different conditions. 5

The Improved Mobile Telephone System (IMTS) uses signaling tones from 1,300 Hz to 2,200 Hz. The older Mobile Telephone System (MTS) had signaling tones from 600 Hz to 1,500 Hz. Cellular Mobile Telephone Service: One major limitation with the mobile telephone service is the number of subscriber that can be accommodated in a base station. Even though the service providers charge ten to twenty times more for the mobile service compared to the ordinary residential telephone service, yet there is always long waiting lists for mobile telephones.

Figure-11
The cellular system, also called Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) by AT&T, is a method to provide high quality mobile service for more subscribers at an affordable cost and to provide more freedom to the roamers. Basic Concept: Basically in the cellular system the area covered by a transmitter is reduced by reducing the power of the transmission. This allows areas with dense population to have more transmitting stations. Each transmitter able to handles a given number of users. In this system because the transmitters cover less area, the same frequency can be reused in a common geographical area. System Structure: As shown in the figure-11 in the cellular telephone system the area serviced by the cellular service provider is divided into many cells, each serviced by a low power transceiver base station, this increases the available channels enormously. The area serviced by a transmitter is called a cell. Each of which has equipment to switch, transmit and receive calls to and from any mobile unit located in that cell. Each cell transmitter and receiver operates on a given channel. Each channel is used for many simultaneous conversations in cells, which are not adjacent to one another, but are far enough apart to avoid excessive interference. This allows a system with small number of subscribers to be able to use large size cells and as the demand grows, the cells can be divided into smaller ones. 6

The Cell Site: As shown in the figure-11, a Cell Site or Cell Station forms the radio link between individual cellular telephones and the telephone system. Each of these cell station are equipped with a transmitter and receiver as well as telephone network switching electronics. Antennas for these cell stations are located from where they can operate most effectively. In city areas, they may be put on top of tall buildings. Rural cell sites may be located on large hills or mountains, from where the best radio coverage can be obtained. The MTSO: In cellular telephone system a central Mobile Telecommunication Switching Office (MTSO) is used as a normal switching office. The cell sites are interconnected and controlled by this central MTSO. This MTSO contains basic telephone switching systems as well as some additional digital equipment programmed for cellular control. Mobile Units: Mobile unit of a cellular telephone system looks like the handset of a cordless telephone system. This unit contains control unit, a transmitter/receiver and appropriate antennas. Normally each mobile unit is assigned a ten-digit phone number. This number can be dialed from a local telephone user to connect to the mobile unit. Mobile unit user can also dial the local telephone number by dialing the required number. Most of the time a prefix 0 or 1 is dialed before dialing the required number by the mobile unit user to connect to the normal telephone numbers.

PRACTICAL-2 SPECIFICATIONS OF NOKIA MOBILE 5110 AIM To study specifications of mobile phone

A. Display
Dynamic display layout adjusts automatically for best viewing, including e.g. the following display layouts: - full graphics layout (used in games and for animations) - basic layout 1 line for soft key Signal and battery bar indicator windows 2 or 3 lines for main window depending on the language, and status indicator window Message layout 2 to 4 lines for text depending on the language 1 line for soft key Phonebook layouts Menu layouts

B. Editing ITU-T European keypad printings

Language dependent key mappings Special characters under -Key while in alpha mode * Last digit and full display clear. * Full screen cursor editor. * Changing character case by pressing # key once * Automatic word wrapping * Voice mail function with long key press of 1 key * International access (+) function * Key guard to protect against accidental power off and call initiating and answering * Illuminated semi-symbol keypad

C. DTMF tones * DTMF (Dual Tone Multi Frequency) signal transmitting, DTMF control characters (pause, wait) D. Info * Welcome message * Own number display if stored on SIM * Service provider indicator * Voice mail waiting indicator * Pre-paid information

E. Phone book memory * 250 supported in SIM (the actual number of memory locations in SIM is SIM specific) * Fetch service: Possible to use a phone number from memory when Sending SMS Storing Message Centre number Storing Voice Mailbox number Activating Call Divert to 'other number'

* Phonebook display options: Name with Large font (Standard) Name list Name and number

* Phone number in large font by pressing #-key * Business card sending * CLI ringing - assignment of a ringing to for every caller recognized in the phone book. Several persons can have the same number thus forming a group * SDN Service dialing numbers (dynamic, operator dependant), operator may send a set of service numbers for Customers use F. Languages * Automatic selection based on SIM card language (Phase 2 SIM) * Supported user interface languages in GSM 900/PCN1800 (these are the available languages, the phone language set varies in different market areas): Arabic, Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Malaysia, Vietnamese, Tagalong, and Thai. G. Tone control * Number of ringing tones: 40 38 fixed 1 OTA (Over-the-air) 1 Composed Ringing types: ascending ringing, beep once, normal ringing, ring once, off * Keypad tone levels: 4 (from Off to 3) * Ringing tone levels: 6 (from Off to 5) * SMS alert tones: no tone, standard, special, beep once, ascending * Quick alert settings from power-key: Personal, Silent, Discreet, Loud * Ringing tone composer with send option

H. Voice volume control * Number of volume levels: 10 * Separate voice volume level settings for hand portable, car hands free (plug and play), and headset mode * In-call volume control with scroll keys I. Power control * Automatic power save if no network available J. Call management * * * * * * * * * * One touch dialing: locations 2 to 9 (1 is always voice mail) Last number redial from dialled calls list (e.g. scroll-up from idle) Automatic redial (max 10 attempts) Automatic answer (works with headset or plug and play only) Emergency calls to 112 without SIM or with locked phone Various speed dialing methods Call waiting, call hold Automatic and manual network selection Closed User Group Fixed Dialling Numbers, allows calls only to predefined numbers

K. Call ID control * Calling line identification presentation (CLIP) * Calling line identification restriction (CLIR) * Connected number identification presentation (COLP, COLR) L. Call timers * * * * * Last call timer (including incoming calls) Total calls timer (including incoming calls) Incoming calls timer Outgoing calls timer Clear timers function

M. Call divert * * * * * Divert all voice calls (activate, cancel, status) Divert when busy (activate, cancel, status) Divert when not answered (activate, cancel, status) Divert when phone off or no coverage (activate, cancel, status) Cancel all diverts

N. Advice of charge * Charge meters * Charge limiting * Currency handling * Info on remaining units/currency on pre-paid cards based on smart messaging updates from the network operator. 10

O. Recent calls list * * * * * Dialled calls: 8 Received calls: 8 Missed calls: 8 Time and date stamp for call lists Automatic erasure of call lists when SIM card is changed

P. Short Message Service * * * * * * * * * Mobile Originated (MO), send Mobile Terminated (MT), receive Message class 0, 1,2,3, supported Easy to call number in message Sent message delivery report Replace message Cell broadcast Operator logo receiving Predictive text input for SMS

R. Phone Features * * * * Clock Alarm clock Calculator Games (Rotation, Snake, and Memory)

S. Security * Electronic key guard (Menu *) * Security code (when a non-owner SIM is inserted) * PIN1, PIN2 T. System specific features * * * * * * * * * * GSM Phase 2 signaling 3V SIM support Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech codec (may be de-activated in some market areas) Full Rate speech codec Half Rate speech codec (may be de-activated in some market area) Encryption algorithms: none, A5.1, A5.2 Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) Cell Broadcast DRX CPHS version 4.2 SIM application tool kit class 2 (excl. call control)

U. Smart messaging (Over the Air SMS) features * * * * Name and number (business card) sending and receiving Operator logo receiving Ringing tone sending and receiving Remaining units/currency on pre-paid card

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V. Nokia Xpress-on covers User exchangeable front and back cover colours available: W. Accessories Basic Sales Pack: * Charcoal Magix A-cover * Nokia Warm Black B-cover Coloured Xpress-on covers (accessories): * Rocket Silver * Meteor Yellow * Copper Red * Zircon Green * Ozone Blue * Astral Blue Graphic Xpress-on covers (accessories): * Millennium * Autumn Leaf * Dragon * Flame * Free Kick

Dual Band Functionality It's like having two phones in one. The Nokia 3210 works in both GSM 900 and GSM 1800 networks. And it switches between networks automatically - even during a call within the same operator's networks. The Nokia 3210 always selects the strongest signal. So you get a more dependable connection, for example in a shopping center or at the end of a football game when everyone wants to call home at the same time. Also, when you're traveling, the dual-band operation of the Nokia 3210 gives you more network to choose from, depending on operators' roaming agreements. The availability of services may vary depending on the region and on the operator. Check your status at the operator's helpdesk.

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PRACTICAL-3 INSTALLATION PROCEDURE AIM To Study Installation procedure

See user guide for details

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PRACTICAL-4 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND WORKING PRINCIPLE AIM To Study the Block Diagram and Working principle

Theory:

Power Receiver Management/ RF Section DC-DC Transmitter

Battery

Battery Charger 1 2 5 8 0 3 6 9 #

DSP Microprocessor

4 7 *

Analog Baseband / Voice band CODEC Flash Memory ROM, SRAM S I M C A R D

D I S P L A Y

Microphone

Speaker phone

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(1) RF section: This is where the RF signal is filtered and down converted to analog baseband signals. It is also where analog baseband signals are filtered and then unconverted and amplified to RF. (2)Analog Baseband / Voice band Codec: This is where analog baseband signals from RF receiver section are filtered, sampled, and digitized before being fed to the DSP section. It is also where coded speech digital information from DSP section are sampled and converted to analog baseband signals which are then fed to the RF transmitter section. This is where voice speech from the microphone is digitized and coded to a certain bit rate (13kbps for GSM) using the appropriate coding scheme (balance between perceived quality of the compressed speech and the overall cellular system capacity and cost). It is also where the received voice call binary information are decoded and converted in the speakerphone. (3) DSP / Microprocessor: The digital signal processor (DSP) is a highly customized processor designed to perform signalmanipulation calculations at high speed. The microprocessor handles all of the housekeeping chores for the keyboard and display; deals with command and control signaling with the base station and also coordinates the rest of the functions on the board. (4) Flash Memory, ROM, SRAM (SIM card): The ROM, SRAM, and Flash memory chips provide storage for the phone's operating system and customizable features, such as the phone directory. The SIM card belongs to this category; it stores the subscribers identification number and other network information. (5) Power Management / DC- DC: This section regulates from the battery all the voltages required to the different phone sections.

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DUPLEXING IN CELLULAR PHONES: FDD vs. TDD Duplexing in telephone systems denotes the effect of talking and listening simultaneously. In cellular phone systems, this translates to allowing the cell phone to send simultaneously information to the base station while receiving information from the base station. The transmitter and receiver must be isolated from each other or else the transmitter would saturate the receiver.

Analog cellular system

GSM like cellular system

FDD or Frequency Division Duplexing provides each cell phone with two distinct frequencies for transmission and reception, respectively. A Duplex filter is used at the antenna for isolation. TDD or Time Division Duplexing provides each cell phone with two distinct time slots for transmission and reception, respectively, but at the same frequency. This is only possible with digital modulation and is very sensitive to timing. In GSM, both FDD and TDD are used simultaneously in order to provide improved system capacity and full duplex phone call quality.

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MIXER In a radio receiver, we need to be able to convert from a radio frequency down to an audio frequency. In a radio transmitter, we must go the other way. The device that shifts frequency is called Mixer, A mixer effectively multiplies two signals, cos (f 1 t) and cos (f 2 t). The output contains two different frequencies that are the sum and difference of the original frequencies:

Mixer
cos(2IIf 1 t) cos(2IIf 2 t) In a radio receiver, frequency f 1 comes from the antenna and frequency f 2 comes from an oscillator inside the receiver. 1/2 cos(2II(f 1 f 2 )t):Difference 1/2 cos(2II(f 1 + f 2 )t):Sum

Mixer
945MHz 45MHz: Desired Frequency 1935MHz: To be filtered out 990MHz

In a radio transmitter, frequency f 1comes from the modulator inside the transmitter and frequency f 2 comes from an Oscillator inside the transmitter.

Mixer
45MHz 810MHz: To be filtered out 900MHz: Desired Frequency 855MHz

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DIGITAL MODULATOR The Quadrature modulator is a universal modulator used in the transmitter section of most modern cellular systems to generate phase or frequency digitally modulated UHF or VHF signals from their baseband quadrature components. Most systems have two bits in one symbol (QPSK, GMSK), which is a compromise between spectral efficiency and accuracy Requirements. Before the modulator, the bits are filtered to smooth the bit transitions. Without the pulse / bit filtering, the spectrum of the modulation has the shape of a sinc- function with relatively high side lobes.

In modulator below, we can express a (t) and 0 ( t) as:

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DIGITAL DEMODULATOR The Quadrature demodulator is a universal demodulator used in the receiver section of most modern cellular systems to demodulate phase or frequency digitally modulated RF signals to their baseband quadrature components. After the demodulator, the I and Q outputs are normally filtered to remove any high frequency products before being fed into the analog baseband receiver section. As we can see from diagram below, a (t) and 0 (t) can be reconstructed from output signals I(t) and Q(t):

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CELLULAR PHONE RECEIVER

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CELLULAR PHONE RECEIVER RF BLOCKS DESCRIPTION Duplexer: This is where the receive RF signal and the transmit RF signal meet right before the antenna. The duplexer filter has different transfer functions from the antenna terminal to the receiver and transmitter. It needs to provide enough isolation between the transmit and the receive sections so that the high level transmit signal (~ 1W for GSM) does not overwhelm the sensitive receiver (~ 1 uVrms). Commercial duplexers have the largest physical volume of all other components in the cellular phone RF section. LNA: The low noise amplifier is needed in order to amplify the very low level receive signals (~ 1 uVrms) without adding noise to the signal which can reduce the receiver sensitivity. These amplifiers need to be also highly linear in order to handle weak signals in presence of large interfering signals. RF (UHF) Bandpass Filter: This filter is highly important since it eliminates large interferers outside the band of interest from reaching the mixer; these interferes can come from other wireless systems and networks. This filter spans normally the desired system bandwidth (925- 960MHz for GSM). Furthermore, It rejects the Image Frequency interferer, which can be drastic to the receiver:

Mixer: This is where the receive RF signal is down- converted to an intermediate frequency (IF) which is normally in the VHF band. This downconversion step is important since it brings down the RF signal to a lower frequency where it is easier to demodulate the signal to its baseband quadrature I and Q components. IF (VHF) Bandpass filter: This filter is highly important since its function is to select the desired receive channel before the demodulation step. This filter is normally narrowband and its bandwidth is equal to that of the receive RF signal (for GSM, BW = 200kHz). Its center frequency is anywhere between 30- 300MHz. The filter should not distort the receive signal. IF AGC (Automatic Gain Control): This block is very important since it adapts the wide range of received signals (1 uVrms- 10mVrms) to a constant signal level at input of I/ Q demodulator which is desired by sampling A/ D converters in analog baseband section for optimum # of A/ D bits per sample.

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Local Oscillator (LO): Oscillators are key components of all cellular phone systems. They are essentially dc- to- RF converters; they produce an RF signal output with only a dc signal input. It consists of an amplifier and a feedback network to provide positive feedback in the system.

The feedback network is frequency- sensitive and it includes some of type of resonance (LC), where . The resonator sets the operating frequency.

In addition, the variable reactance related to C (using a Varactor) can be controlled by a dc voltage V c , Hence, this type of oscillator is called Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). By varying V c , the cellular phone can tune to the different RF signal frequencies transmitted by the base station. Phase Locked Loop (PLL): Voltage controlled oscillators cannot be used by themselves only in a cellular phone. This is because they do not have the appropriate frequency accuracy required by cellular systems. Their frequency inaccuracy is due to the fact that they are free running and their operating frequency can drift with temperature and dc noise applied to the feedback loop input. A solution to the frequency accuracy problem is to lock the VCO to a very highly stable oscillator such a quartz crystal oscillator. This is achieved by including the VCO in a feedback loop with the crystal oscillator, so that its frequency accuracy and phase purity become very close to that of the reference crystal oscillator.

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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CELLULAR PHONE TRANSMITTER

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PRACTICAL-5 TERMS, DEFINITION AND NOMENCLATURE USED AIM To Study the terms, definition and nomenclature used Second generation cellular mobile system (GSM) Third generation cellular mobile system (UMTS) Third Generation Partnership Project Adaptive Array Adaptive Coverage System Access Point Broadband Radio Access Network Base Transceiver Station Code Division Multiple Access (UMTS) Database Correlation Method Directional of Arrival Enhanced Observed Time Difference European Telecommunications Standards Institute Foreign Agent Frequency Division Duplex General Packet Radio Service Global Position System Global Positioning System Global System for Mobile communication Home Agent Home Location Register Handover International Telecommunications Union Location Area Location-Aided Handover Location-Aided Mobility Management Location-Aided Planning Least Common Ancestor Location Measurement Unit Mobile Geographical Information System Mobile Host Mobile Location Centre Mobile Location Services Mobile Location Service Centre Mobility Management Mobile Switching Centre Mobile Terminal (Mobile phone) Operation Maintenance Center Predictive Channel Reservation Quality of Service Registration Area Received Signal Strength Spatial Division Multiple Access Time Division Duplex Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (CDMA) Universal Personal Identification Visitor Location Register Wideband Code Division Multiple Access Wireless Local Area Network Authentication algorithm 24

2G 3G 3GPP AA ACS AP BRAN BTS CDMA DCM DoA EOTD ETSI FA FDD GPRS GPS GPS GSM HA HLR HO ITU LA LAH LAM LAP LCA LMU MGIS MH MLC MLS MLSC MM MSC MT OMC PCR QoS RA RSS SDMA TDD UMTS UPI VLR WCDMA WLAN A3

A5 Ciphering algorithm A8 Ciphering key computation AGCH Access Grant Channel AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service AoC Advice of Charge ARQ Automatic Repeat request mechanism AUC Authentication Center BAIC Barring of All Incoming Calls BAOC Barring of All Outgoing Calls BOIC Barring of Outgoing International Calls BOIC-exHCBarring of Outgoing International Calls except those directed toward the Home PLMN Country BCCH Broadcast Control Channel BCH Broadcast Channel BER Bit Error Rate bps bits per second BSC Base Station Controller BSS Base Station Subsystem BTS Base Transceiver Station CC Call Control CCCH Common Control Channel CDMA Code Division Multiple Access CEPT Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications CFB Call Forwarding on mobile subscriber Busy CFNRc Call Forwarding on mobile subscriber Not Reachable CFNRy Call Forwarding on No Reply CFU Call Forwarding Unconditional CGI Cell Global Identity C/I Carrier-to-Interference ratio CLIP Calling Line Identification Presentation CLIR Calling Line Identification Restriction CM Communication Management CoLP Connected Line identification Presentation CoLR Connected Line identification Restriction CUG Closed User Group CW Call Waiting DCS Digital Cellular System DCCH Dedicated Control Channel DTX Discontinuous transmission EIR Equipment Identity Register ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel FCCH Frequency-Correction Channel FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access FEC Forward Error Correction code FER Frame Erasure Rate GIWU GSM Interworking Unit GMSC GSM Mobile services Switching Center GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying GP Guard Period GSM Global System for Mobile communications HLR Home Location Register IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network JDC Japanese Digital Cellular LA Location Area LAI Location Area Identity LOS Line-Of-Sight 25

MM Mobility Management MoU Memorandum of Understanding MS Mobile Station MSC Mobile services Switching Center MSISDN Mobile Station ISDN number MSRN Mobile Station Roaming Number NADC North American Digital Cellular NMT Nordic Mobile Telephone NSS Network and Switching Subsystem OAM Operation, Administration and Maintenance OSS Operation and Support Subsystem PAD Packet Assembler Disassembler PCH Paging Channel PCS Personal Communications Services PDC Personal Digital Cellular PIN Personal Identification Number PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network RACH Random Access Channel RF Radio Frequency RPE-LTP Regular Pulse Excitation Long-Term Prediction RR Radio Resources management S Stealing flags SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel SCH Synchronisation Channel SDCCH Standalone Dedicated Control Channel SDCCH Standalone Dedicated Control Channel SIM Subscriber Identity Module SMS Short Message Services SMS-CB Short Message Services Cell Broadcast SMS-MO/PP Short Message Services Mobile Originating/Point-to-Point SMS-MT/PP Short Message Services Mobile Terminating/Point-to-Point SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SRES Signed Result SS Supplementary Services T Tail bits TACS Total Access Communication System TCH Traffic Channel TCH/F Traffic Channel/Full rate TCH/H Traffic Channel/Half rate TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TMSI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System VAD Voice Activity Detection VLR Visitor Location Register

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PRACTICAL-6 INPUT/OUTPUT SIGNALS OF DIFFERENT SECTION AIM To Study Input/output signals of different sections

PRACTICAL-7 RINGER SECTION AIM To Study Ringer section PRACTICAL-8 DIALER SECTION AIM To Study Dialer Section

PRACTICAL-9 SPEECH AMPLIFIER SECTION AIM To Study Speech Amplifier Section

PRACTICAL-10 KEYBOARD MATRIX SECTION AIM To Study Keyboard Matrix Section PRACTICAL-11 TRANSMITTER SECTION AIM To Study Transmitter Section

PRACTICAL-12 RECEIVER SECTION AIM To Study Receiver Section

The theory and circuits of above chapters are given in detail in technical manual.

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PRACTICAL-13 TRANSMISSION/RECEPTION THEORY (CDMA) AIM To study theory of GSM and CDMA. What's GSM? GSM has been the backbone of the phenomenal success in mobile telecoms over the last decade. Now, at the dawn of the era of true broadband services, GSM continues to evolve to meet new demands. One of GSM's great strengths is its international roaming capability, giving consumers a seamless service in about 160 countries. This has been a vital driver in growth, with around 300 million GSM subscribers currently in Europe and Asia. In the Americas, today's 7 million subscribers are set to grow rapidly, with market potential of 500 million in population, due to the introduction of GSM 800, which allows operators using the 800 MHz band to have access to GSM technology too. The imminent arrival of 3G services is challenging operators to provide consumer access to high-speed, multimedia data services and seamless integration with the Internet. For operators now offering 2G services, GSM provides a clear way to make the most of this transition to 3G. Nokia is at the forefront of this evolution, offering a common core network for GSM and GPRS, which can be upgraded at the right time to EDGE and WCDMA, the future dominant 3G standards. What is 3rd Generation? 3G 3G 3G 3G 3G is is is is is watching clips from your favorite soap in the train. sending images straight from the field to headquarters for analysis. sharing your Moroccan vacation with your friends--from Morocco. videoconferencing in a taxi. the Future of Everyday Communications.

3G is a global development of communication standards and technologies. This development will lead to your being able to access multimedia services with your mobile phone. You may have seen terms in the news like GPRS, EDGE, WCDMA, and UMTS. All of these are concepts related to development of mobile communication networks to 3G. Although the technology behind 3G may seem complicated, the ways in which 3G will affect all of our lives are easy to imagine. Just imagine having a combined camera, video camera, computer, stereo, and radio included in your mobile phone. Rich-media information and entertainment will be at your fingertips whenever you want anywhere there is a wireless network. Mobile communication is moving from simple voice to rich media, where we use more of our senses to intensify our experiences. But not all of this will happen at once. 3G is an evolution to a communications ideal that we cannot see the end of yet. We do know that mobile multimedia will hit the Japanese markets in 2001, and Europe and North America will follow soon after.

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GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) The cellular systems are used to provide radiotelephone service in the frequency range 890- 960 MHz. A cellular system provides higher call handling capacity and system availability than would be possible with conventional radio telephone systems (those which require total system area coverage on every operating channel) by dividing the system coverage area into several adjoining sub-areas or cells. Each cell contains a base station (cell site), which provides transmitting and receiving facilities, for an allocated set of duplex frequency pairs (channels). Since each cell is a relatively small area, both the cell site and the radiotelephone that it supports can operate at lower power levels than would be used in conventional systems. Using this technique, radiation on a given channel is virtually contained in the cell operating on that channel and, to some extent, those cells directly adjacent to that cell. Since the coverage area of a cell on a given channel is limited to a small area (relative to the total system coverage area), a channel may be reused in another cell outside the coverage area of the first. By this means, several subscribers may operate within the same geographic area, without interference with each other, on a single channel. GSM Description Unlike previous cellular systems, GSM uses digital radio techniques. The GSM system has the following advantages over previous analogue systems: International Roaming -Due to international harmonization and standardization, it will be possible to make and receive calls in any country, which supports a GSM system. Digital Air Interface -The GSM phone will provide an entirely digital link between the telephone and the base station, which is, in turn, digitally linked into the switching subsystems and on into the PSTN. ISDN Compatibility -ISDN is a digital communications standard that many countries are committed to implementing. It is designed to carry digital voice and data over existing copper telephone cables. The GSM phone will be able to offer similar features to the ISDN telephone. Security and Confidentiality -Telephone ~alls on analogue systems can very easily be overheard by the use of a suitable radio receiver. GSM offers vastly improved confidentiality because of the way in which data is digitally encrypted and transmitted. Better Call Quality -Co-channel interference, handover breaks, and fading will be dealt with more effectively in the digital system. The call quality is also enhanced by error correction, which reconstructs lost information. Efficiency -The GSM system will be able to use spectral resources in a much more efficient way than previous analogue systems.

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In the given figure, the area bounded by bold lines represents the total coverage area of a hypothetical system. This area is divided into several cells, each containing a cell site (base station) operating on a given set of channels which interfaces radiotelephone subscribers to the telephone switching system. The radiotelephones themselves are capable of operation on any channel in the system, allowing them to operate in any cell. Due to the low power requirements for communications between radiotelephones in a particular cell and the cell site, operating channels may be repeated in cells, which are outside the coverage area of each other. For example, presume that c~11 A operates on channels arbitrarily numbered 1 through 8, cell B operates on channels 9 through 16, cell C operates on channels 17 through 24 and cell operates on channels 1 through 8 (repeating the usage of those channels used by cell A). In this system, subscribers in cell A and subscribers in cell D could simultaneously operate on channels 1 The implementation of frequency re-use increases the call handling capability of the system, without increasing the number of available channels. When re-using identical frequencies in a small area, co-channel interference can be a problem. The GSM system can tolerate higher levels of co-channel interference than analogue systems, by incorporating digital modulation, forward error correction and equalization. This means that cells using identical frequencies can be physically closer, than similar cells in analogue systems. Therefore the advantage of frequency re-use can be further enhanced in a GSM system, allowing greater traffic handling in high use areas. By incorporating Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) several calls can share the same carrier. The carrier is divided into a continuous stream of TDMA frames; each frame is split into eight time slots. When a connection is required the system allocates the subscriber a dedicated time slot within each TDMA frame. User data (speech/data) for transmission is digitized and sectioned into blocks. The user data blocks are sent as information bursts in the allocated time slot of each TDMA frame. The data blocks are modulated onto the carrier using Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK), a very efficient method of phase modulation. Each time an information burst is transmitted, it may be transmitted on a different frequency. This process is known as frequency hopping. Frequency hopping reduces the effects of fading, and enhances the security and confidentiality of the link. A GSM radiotelephone is only required to transmit for one burst in each frame, and not continually, thus enabling the unit to be more power efficient. Each radiotelephone must be able to move from one cell to another, with minimal inconvenience to the user. The mobile itself carries out signal strength measurements on adjacent cells, and both the mobile and the base station measure the quality of the traffic channel. The handover criteria can thus be much more accurately determined, and the handover made before the channel quality deteriorates to the point that the subscriber notices. When a radiotelephone is well within a cell, the signal strength measured will be high. As the radiotelephone moves towards the edge of the cell, the signal strength and quality measurement decreases. Signal information provides an indication of the subscriber's distance from the base station. As the radiotelephone moves from cell to cell, its control is handed from one base station to another in the new cell. This change is handled by the radiotelephone-phone and base stations, and is completely transparent to the user. Future of the Mobile Telephone: In the future your mobile phone could tell your computer to prepare the next day's schedule, remind you about your evening appointment, order your bedroom curtains to, part and the air conditioner to cool your houses, heat the water in the shower and turn the TV on for the evening news etc. The mobile phone could do all this while download- ing your e-mail, stock quotes and any other information from the Internet. In the future your mobile phone will be a world right at your fingertips. A world in your palm. This is possible due to many new upcoming technologies. Technologies that connect you anytime, anywhere, with many other person. Technologies that will connect every- thing to everything else. Very soon these new technologies known as WAP, GPRS, EDGE, 3G and Bluetooth will become a common thing in daily life. All these technologies use the Internet as medium. 30

In the future convergence is going to be the main factor. No more different devices for' different jobs, a single device kept in your pocket will control everything around you. Your mobile phone will become your remote control to the world. WAP (Wireless Application Protocol): The simplest of this technology WAP or Wireless Application Protocol is already here, WAP, launched in 1999, is a standard way of linking the Internet and wireless phones.

Figure-14
Telecom giants Nokia, Motorola, Ericsson and US software company PHONE.COM were the initial partners that teamed up to develop and deploy WAP. These partners defined the WAP specification and developed its protocol. Today the WAP protocol is a i standard for linking the Internet to the mobile phones. WAP is an attempt to define the universal standard for how content from the Internet can be filtered and presented to the mobile telephone. Currently, one has to connect the ordinary mobile phone to a computer and dial from the mobile phone to access the Internet. WAP enables the mobile phone itself to connect to the Internet through the wireless network of the cellular operator. It puts a relatively simple micro-browser into the mobile phone and uses a new inter- face called Wireless Markup Language (WML) as against the Internet's Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML) format to turn a mobile phone into a network-based smart phone. WAP is the gateway to a new world of mobile data-web based interactive information service and applications which include e-mail, corporate data, news, sports and entertainment, TV/movies, travel, culture, medical care, ecommerce transactions and bank- ing services, ticketing, online shopping and checking weather reports, yellow pages and train/flight/bus schedules etc. In India REDIFF.COM, which has tied up with Mumbai's cellphone operator Orange Indiaainfo.com, and Indya.com are already WAP-enabled. Another company Indiangypsy.com is offering navigational facilities like city road maps on WAP for the benefit of customers lost on way. Satyam Infoway is in an advanced stage of setting up a WAP gateway. 31

Right now, the WAP phones is little costly compared to ordinary mobile phones. Still, they are a valuable asset for the man on the move. Soon as the use of WAP enabled phones increase many of the mobile manufacturers promise to soon launch models under Rs 10,000. Currently WAP has its limitations, mainly in speed and bandwidth. GSM (the cellular telephony standard in India) can transmit data at a speed of only 9.6 kilobits per seconds (kbps) and a final real data transmission speed is of only 7 kbps. So, only text and very low end graphics can be accessed on WAP. Also, the small mobile phone does not allow a big display screen. GPRS (General Packet Radio Service): GPRS which is the next-generation technology has addressed most of the problems associated with WAP. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), which works more or less on the basis on which e-mails work, sends text and high-end graphics data as packets at very high speeds. Achievable maximum speed 171.2 kbps, which is ten times faster than GSM. GPRS is set to launch in India within the next one month by Motorola in collaboration with BPL. Currently GPRS-enabled phones will cost over Rs 30,000 but, unlike WAP, the customer will pay only for the extent of use and no fixed fee. By facilitating instant connections, GPRS allows users to be "always connected". No dial-up connection is necessary. GPRS will allow you to fully enable the Internet applications you are used to on your desktop, from web browsing to chats. EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution): Next, there's EDGE or Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution, developed by Ericsson, which allows data transmission at speed of 384 kbps. 3G (3rd Generation): The first-generation mobile phones had only voice call facility, which was replaced by the second generation digital phones with added fax, data and messaging services. The third generation 3G technologies add multimedia facilities to the second-generation phones by allowing video, audio and graphics applications. Over 3G phones, you can watch streaming video or you can have video telephony. The idea behind 3G is to have a single network standard instead of the different types adopted in the Americas, Europe and Japan. 3G technologies will be available commercially early in 2001 in Japan, later that year in Europe. Finland and the UK have also received 3G licenses. These phones will have the highest speed-up to 2 megabit per seconds (mbps), but only indoors and in stationary mode. With high mobility, the speed will drop to 144 kbps, which is only about three times the speed of to day's fixed telecom modems.

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Blue tooth: The ultimate in communication is the Bluetooth technology, which allows intelligent gadgets to communicate with each other. This new technology will make science fiction a reality. For example it will make your refrigerator to place order for vegetable when the stock is low. Bluetooth is an alliance between mobile communications and mobile computing companies to develop a shortrange communications standard through wireless. The idea is to ultimately have a single device with all the functions so that people need to carry only that device for everything, to control house gadgets, for business application and for any other use. In the future everything will link up to a mobile device. In the future everyday devices such as camcorders, phones and palm devices will operate on a single Internet protocol and anything that is not web-enabled will fail.

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PRACTICAL-14 DETAILS OF SIM CARD AIM To study details of SIM card

S1M is short for Subscriber Identity Module. There are two different sizes used for GSM phones, one is the same size as a credit card and the other is about the size of a stamp. Both cards contains the same electronically circuits, it's only the plastic surrounding it that differs. The advantage of the bigger card is that is easier to swap cards, while the small card might slip between your fingers. The advantage of the small card is that it makes it possible for the manufacturer to build even smaller phones. The SIM card is the part of the phone that contains "the real phone". It's on the SIM card that all personal facts are kept. The phone itself has no phone: number, it's kept on the SI card. In other words, you can borrow almost any other GSM phone and insert your own SI card and make calls as usual. These calls will then appear on your own phone bill, as if made with your own phone. In the world of SI cards you are not phone dependent, all you need is your own SI card and almost any GSM phone. This is not all true, because some service providers sometimes give away phones for free or almost for free. To prevent the owners from swapping nets to a competitor, they use something called a SIM-lock. It means that phone is barred from the use of any other SI card. Valid SI cards could be SI cards from the very same operator or service provider. But it might as well be only one single valid SI card to your phone, and that would be the S1M card delivered with the phone. A SIM-lock works as follows, the operator has entered a lock-code into the phone, to tie it to a specific SI card. It is fully possible to unlock the phone again. It's done by entering the lock-code again, which only the net operator has access to. S0, having a SI-locked phone means that it's tied to single card or a single operator, but not the other way around. You can use your SI card in another unlocked phone or a phone locked to the same net operator. Using a S1M-lock makes it possible for the net operators to subsidies a phone even more, because the operator knows for sure that the clients can only use one single net service. In some countries all phones sold through a net operator are SI-lock, for example in Hungary. The two S1M card sizes are standardized and are the same allover the GSM world. There are many functions on the S1M cards like, for example, memory space to save maybe 100 names and phone numbers and maybe 15 SMSs, short text messages. We can anticipate SI cards with memory enough for maybe 200 names an phone numbers an still more SMS. You can activate many different services on the SI cards. S0me net operators take advantage of this. There are advantages and disadvantages to this. One advantage could be being able to have a very simple service just in case of emergency, but it's a step backwards for the development of mobile phoning. After all, isn't it a bit of the charm to have all these gadgets and services?

34

One function that might come in handy is to be able to bar the SIM cards from making calls to other phone numbers that those kept on the card, but still being fully able to receive calls. This could be of great use to parents who wish to be able to call their youngster and at the same time make it possible for them to call home but without risking any enormous bills. The youngsters can only call the numbers not barred by the parents and thus making it impossible for the youngsters to make long and expensive calls to their friends. The development of S1M cards is as fast as everything else in the mobile phone business. The SI cards are becoming more and more sophisticated and more and more functions are being added and improved. Nowadays there are so called Prepaid SIM cards. This means, you buy and use a SI card almost the same way as you buy and .use a phone card for a public phone. The SI cards are charged with a certain amount of money and has a phone number of its own. Thus, you can receive calls, too. When you have consumed your credit you can add more to the card. If you don't use the card or don't recharge it within a certain given period, the SI card will stop functioning. This type of "subscription" has become very popular and is responsible for a big part of the new clients. On the GSM market of today you can find so called SIM-readers. They will connect to a COM-port on a PCcomputer. This makes I it possible to read and alter the contents of the SIM cards, from the keyboard of the computer. It makes it more convenient to handle the names and phone numbers as well as the text messages in the memory of the SI cards. You simple read the phone list and has it on the computer screen. There it is very easy to add and alter whatever you wish. It is considerably easier from the keyboard of the computer than from the phone. On top of that, you can store the phone book and the text messages on your computer, for future use.

CODES OF SIM CARD

Access Codes The access codes described in this section help you protect against unauthorized use of your phone and 81M card. When asked for any of the access codes, key in the proper code and press "OK'. If you make a mistake, first delete the digit with "Clear" and then key in the correct code. Security code. The security code is supplied with the phone. It protects your phone against unauthorized use. Keep the code secret and in a safe place, separate from the phone. If you key an incorrect security code five times in succession, the phone will not accept the correct code for the next five minutes. PIN code The PIN (Personal Identity Number) code is usually supplied with the 81M card. It protects your 81M card against unauthorized use. When the PIN code request is enabled, the code is asked each time the phone is switched on. If you enter a wrong PIN code three times in succession, you need to key in the PUK (Personal Unblocking Key) code and press "OK'. Then, key in a new PIN code and press "OK', Key in the new code once again and press "OK'. PIN2 code The PIN2 code, supplied with some 81M cards, is required to access some functions, such as charging unit counters. These functions must be supported by your 81M card. If you enter a wrong PIN2 code three times in succession, you need to key in the PUK2 (Personal Unblocking Key) code and press "OK'. Afterwards, key in a new PIN2 code and press "OK'. Key in the new code once again and press "OK'. PUK Code The PUK (Personal Unblocking Key) may be supplied contact your mobile phone service provider change a blocked PIN code. If you enter a wrong PUK code ten times in succession more. Contact your service provider for a code. If you lose it, contact your servi8~ provider 35

PUK2 code The PUK2 code, supplied with some 81M cards, is required to change a blocked PIN2 code. If you enter a wrong PUK2 code ten times in succession, you cannot use the functions requiring the PIN2 code. Contact your service provider for a new card. You cannot change the PUK2 code. If you lose it, contact your service provider. Barring password The barring password is needed when using the "Call barring" function. You obtain the password from your service provider. Care and Maintenance Points given below will help you in enjoying a trouble free service from your NOKIA 61io mobile phone for many years. When using your phone, battery, charger OR any other accessory: Keep it dry precipitation, humidity and liquids contain minerals that will corrode electronic circuits. Do not use or store it in dusty, dirty areas. Its moving parts can be damaged. Do not store it in hot areas. High temperatures can shorten the life of electronic devices, damage batteries, and warp or melt certain plastics. Do not store it in cold areas. When the phone warms up (to its normal temperature), moisture can form inside the phone, which may damage electronic circuit boards. Do not drop, knock or shake it. Rough handling can break internal circuit boards. Do not use harsh chemicals, cleaning solvents, or strong detergents to clean it. Wipe it with a soft cloth slightly dampened in a mild soap-and-water solution. Do not paint it. Paint can clog the device's moving parts and prevent proper operation. Use only the supplied or an approved replacement antenna. Unauthorized antennas, modifications or attachments could damage the phone and may violate regulations governing radio devices. The IDEA Cellular SIM Card Your connection to the IDEA Cellular network is established through your SIM Card (Subscriber Identity Module Card). It is used to keep a record of important data like your cellular number and subscription details such as rate plans and features. Your SIM Card can also perform the function of a phone book with a storage facility of around 99 numbers. You can also store up to 10 SMS messages of 160 characters each. The SIM Card has security options the PIN / PUK number to prevent unauthorized use of your cell phone. PIN / PUK The SIM Card has a security feature called the PIN (Personal Identification Number),a four-digit number that is set to 1234 as the default. You can change this number to any four digit number of your choice using the handset (please refer to your handset manual). Once set, three wrong attempts of entering the PIN can get the SIM card blocked temporarily. It now requires the Master PIN / PUK ( PIN Unlock Key) number to unblock the SIM. You can call Customer Care at 98220 12345 or 020-5432001 in Maharashtra / Goa, and 98240 12345 or 0793232266 in Gujarat to get the Master PIN / PUK number. Ten wrong attempts to enter the PUK number can get the SIM card blocked permanently and then it would require a SIM exchange. SIM Card Care The SIM Card can be permanently damaged, if: It is frequently or roughly inserted or removed. The wrong side is inserted or removed. It is bent or twisted. It is scratched or written upon. Anything is stuck on it. It is exposed to extreme temperatures or magnetic fields. Your SIM Card can be used with any compatible GSM 900 MHz phone.

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HOW TO UNLOCK SIM CARD

Have You got the problem with simlock? Did You change network and Your phone is totally locked and You cannot use it? Please read carefully all instructions below, maybe You will find something for You that can be used to make phone working in any network You need...

You must have: cable to connect phone to computer (it's names is 'm2bus'). You must find this cable scheme in internet or buy it. If you have cable you can download software - allnokia.zip Now, connect cable to pc, turn ON phone, connect cable to phone Old software can remove only lock 1 and 4 (pseudo-open lock). This method (program) opens all 4 locks! Attention! I don't send software and manual via e-mail. This software open all lock in Nokia 3210 with soft to 5.01 version. Attention! If you use this software with phone, where software is made in 2000 year, you unlock phone, but destroyed it! Phone is unlocked, but can't connect to network

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PRACTICAL-15 CHARGING OF HAND SET AIM To understand charging of Hand Set

Battery Cellular phones use rechargeable Nickel Cadmium, Nickel Methyl Hydride or Lithium Ion batteries. These are batteries providing high power output and long life. Batteries should be charged continuously for at least 16 - 20 hours for the first time. Subsequently batteries should be kept for charging only after it is fully discharged. Part charging reduces the battery life. Most cellular phones come with a spare battery. It is desirable to carry the second fully charged battery with you at all times. This allows you to use the first battery on your phone until it is completely discharged, before switching over to the spare

Battery Pack and Charger

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Q: How long should I charge my new battery? A. When your battery is new, charge it on the phone for 24 hours. It is also important for it to go through two to three full charge/discharge cycles when new. Q: Do I need to fully discharge my battery, and if so, how often? A. It varies by phone-model battery type. To find out what type of battery you have: switch off your phone and remove the battery. The battery type is on the label on the battery. Nickel-Cadmium (NiCd) It is important to fully discharge these batteries. This needs to be done twice a month or more if you are using your phone frequently. Discharging the battery will keep it at full performance and eliminate memory damage. For discharging your battery, please follow these instructions: The mobile phones which have a self-discharge feature, to discharge, leave the phone on until it shuts itself off. Wait at least 30 minutes before charging the battery. For other phone models, use the charging stand and the discharge button. If you do not have a charging stand for your phone, simply leave the phone on until it shuts itself off before recharging. Nickel Metal-Hydride (NiMH) Doesn't require full discharging. Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) Doesn't require full discharging. Q: What is the talk time of my battery? A. Batteries are measured in terms of talk time and standby time. You receive either stated talk time or stated standby: time from your battery, not both. You use battery power when in talk mode (making and receiving calls) and reduce the amount of time that your battery will work. The talk1time of a battery depends on the phone model, battery type and transmission service (analog or digital). Q: What is the standby time of my battery? A. Standby time is the amount of time that you can leave your fully charged wireless phone turned on to receive incoming calls before the phone will completely discharge the battery (i.e., the battery has no power). Batteries are measured in terms of talk time and standby time. When your phone is in the standby mode, or waiting on a call, you are using your battery and reducing the amount of standby time.

NOKIA 5110 mobile phone is powered by a rechargeable Li-Ion or NiMH battery. When buying a new battery use only batteries approved by the phone manufacture and recharge them only with the chargers approved by the manufacturer. The operation and the lifetime of the battery are greatly affected by how you handle the battery. To take good care of the battery, follow the guidelines given below. Charging and discharging the battery A new battery's full performance is achieved only after two or three complete charge and discharge cycles! The battery can be charged and discharged hundreds of times but it will eventually wear out. When the operating time, i.e. talk-time and standby time of phone is noticeably shorter than normal, even after a full charging then it is time to buy a new battery. When a charger is not in use, one should disconnect it from the power source. Do not leave the battery connected to a charger for longer than a week, since overcharging may shorten battery life. When left unused, a fully charged battery will discharge itself over time. 39

For good operation times with the NiMH batteries, completely discharge the battery from time to time by leaving your phone switched on until it turns itself riff. Do not attempt to discharge the battery by any other means. Do not try this with Li-Ion battery. Extreme temperature will affect the ability of your battery to charge, allow it to cool down or warm up to normal temperature before placing it into the charger. Using the batteries, Never use any charger or battery, which is damaged or worn out. Do not short circuit the battery. Accidental short-circuiting can occur when a metallic object (coin, clip or pen) causes direct connection of the + and -terminals of the battery (metal strips on the back of the battery) for example when you carry a spare battery in your pocket or purse. Short-circuiting the terminal may damage the battery or the connecting object Leaving the battery in hot or cold places, such as in a closed car in summer or winter conditions, will reduce the capacity and lifetime of the battery. Always try to keep the battery in normal room temperature. A phone with a hot or cold battery may temporarily not work, even when the battery is fully charged. NiMH batteries performance is particularly limited in temperatures blow 10C (14F). Li-Ion batteries performance is particularly limited in temperatures below 0C (32F). Batteries must be recycled or disposed of properly. Do not dispose of batteries in a fire.

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PRACTICAL-16 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE AIM To understand and perform operational procedure

To operate mobile phone read Operating Manual given with this technical manual.

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PRACTICAL-17 TESTING PROCEDURE AIM To understand the testing procedure

Read tuning section given with the technical manual.

DISASSEMBLY METHOD: -

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ITEM

QTY

CODE
9456132 9456132 9790300 9790256 5140067 0200921 9460208

DESCRIPTION

1 2 3 4 5 6 M2 7 M1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 2 4

Window NSE-1 NX A-cover Key mat Power Keymat Speaker + spring GD40 LCD Module Frame UI Module UE4S Microphone + Boot System/AF Module UP8T B-Cover B-Cover C-Cover RTC Battery Screw M1.6x10 T6 Screw M1.6x7 T6 Antenna 890 -960 MHz Type Label -continuous sheet Logo Label

0201144 5140101 0200951 9457851 9457853 4700057 6190015 6190013 0660160 9380529

6190023 9451139 9460215

Screw M1.6x4 T6 Dust Cap Transducer gasket

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PRACTICAL-18 DEMONSTRATION OF FAULTS AIM To demonstrate and understand different types of faults

Switch No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

FAULTS ROW:- If this Switch remains in OFF Position, Switches of third row not working, 1,2,3 etc. COLUMN:- If this switch remains in off position first column not working of mobile.1,4,7,* etc. LOUD SPEAKER:- If this switch remains in off position you cant listen tone while pressing any switch. MIKE:-If this switch remains in off position mike will not working. SIM DATA:- If this switch remains in off position SIM card is disconnected from the mobile. BUZZER:-If this switch remains in off position you cant listen ringing tone, buzzer will off. LCD I. DAT:- If this switch remains in off position your LCD will not working. LCD DAT:- If this switch remains in off position again your LCD will not working.

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PRACTICAL-19 DIAGNOSIS METHOD AIM To study faults diagnosis method

FAULT PROCEDURE FOR ALL MOBILE Sr. 1. FAULT NETWORK FAULTY SECTION/PARTS ANTENNA, ANTENNA SWITCH, PFO/RF POWER AMP. (PFO 81098), FDK/ 1 s t OSC. VCO (G800), 26M Hz CLOCK CRYSTAL OSC. FDK (G800), 26MHz PFO (PFO 8109B), CPU(MAD2-WDI} ANTENNA, ANTENNA SWITCH, PFO (8109B) BATTERY, BATTERY CONNECTOR, POWER IC (NMP70467) CPU (MAD2-WDI) CONNECTOR DISPLAY CONNECTOR, TRACK I OPEN, DISPLAY FAULTY BATTERY LOOSE, BATTERY FAULTY, BATTERY CONNECTOR, OLD SET CHARGER, SOCKET, PFO, CHARGER, IC (4370621), CAPACITOR, CONNECTED TO CPU & FLASH KEYPAD & ITS TRACK DIALER IC, (NMP70433), CPU & ITS TRACK RINGER/BUZZER, RINGER IC SIM CARD, SIM CARD SOCKET, SOCKET CONTACTS, TRACK, EEPROM, FLASH PROGRAM IS CORRUPT CLEAN AND CHECK SPEAKER CONNECTOR, KEYPAD & ITS TRACKS CHECK LED BY MULTI-METER & REPLACE WITH SAME COLOUR LED, CHECK POWER & LIGHT IC (NMP70433).

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

NO NETWORK FOUND NO ACCESS SET DEAD NO DISPLAY GETS OFF NETWORK CHARGING PROBLEM DIALING PROBLEM RINGER SIM CARD KEY LED

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S1M Card problems The following messages appear on the screen: No signal or network name (Nokia Phone), Card error (Ericsson Phone), Unregistered SIM (Motorola Phone). All digital phones require a valid 81M card inserted into the phone to make it work, should the card be Unregistered or barred the following message would appear in the screen:- Card error (Ericsson), No signal or network name (Nokia), Unregistered 81M (Motorola). Contact your mobile service provider. Check Card or Insert Card. Ensure that the card is fitted correctly in the phone, If it is, carefully wipe the contacts on the card with a soft Dry tissue & refit the card. Blocked. This means that the PIN code has been entered incorrectly 3 times, contact your mobile service provider for The PUK code. Locked, See Supplier Message appears when a 81M card is permanently blocked, This occurs when a PUK code has been entered Incorrectly ten times. Contact your mobile service provider.

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PRACTICAL-20 FACILITIES PROVIDED BY CELLULAR COMPANY AIM 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. To study the facilities provided by cellular company Call Barring (CB) Call Conference (CC) Call Divert (CD) Call Waiting / Call Hold (CW/CH) Caller Line Identification Presentation (CLIP) Caller Line Identification Restriction (CLIR) Cellular 2 Cellular (C2C) Detailed Billing (DB) Network Circle Coverage (NCC) Voice Mail Service(VMS) Caller Line Identification Presentation (CLIP) This feature helps you to identify the caller caller's identity, you can respond suitably, call later in case you are unable to answer plans; unless subscribed to NO PACKAGE, Caller Line Identification Restriction (CLIR) This feature enables you to restrict your cellular number from being displayed on the receiver's cellular phone. It helps you maintain complete confidentiality of your number. The service can be obtained at an additional cost of Rs.75/- per month. Call Waiting / Call Hold (CW / CH) This feature allows you to receive another call when you are already answering or making a call. You do not miss out on other important incoming calls. You get a beep indicating an incoming call. Using the 'SEND' button you can receive the call by placing the first caller on hold. You can switch between these two calls using the same button. This is a handset dependent feature. You will be charged airtime for both the calls. The service is provided free of cost on all bill plans; unless subscribed to NO PACKAGE, where it is charged Rs.50/- per month.(To activate CW or CH : *43# - activate; #43# - deactivate). Call Conference (CC) This feature allows you to speak with five people at the same time from wherever you are. It is just perfect for times when teamwork matters so much to job success. You can have a conference with either cellular or landline phones including STD and ISD calls. All calls will have to be initiated by you. All your calls will be charged the Airtime and DoT charges as applicable. The service can be obtained at an additional cost of Rs.50/- per month. Call conference facility is handset dependent. e.g. Nokia 5110 does not support this facility. by displaying the number on the handset. Since you know the depending on the importance of the call. You can return the immediately. The service is provided free of cost on all bill where it is charged Rs.50/- per month.

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Call Divert (CD) This feature allows you to divert an incoming call to a landline or to any IDEA Cellular cellular. This way you don't miss out on any important incoming calls. Calls can be diverted when you are busy, unavailable or traveling. The call can be diverted to any landline or cellular within the local IDEA Cellular network. Calls cannot be diverted to a cellular of another service provider. The service can be obtained at an additional cost of Rs.50/- per month. Call Barring (CB) This feature allows you to bar incoming and outgoing calls using a four-digit password selected by you. This is a security measure to prevent the possible misuse of your cellular phone. This feature will work only if the Call Divert feature is de-activated. You can selectively bar all incoming calls or all outgoing calls as well as outgoing ISD calls. You cannot selectively bar outgoing STD calls. The service can be obtained at an additional cost of Rs.50/- per month. Detailed Billing (DB) A detailed statement of your calls from your cellular phone, the call duration and the applicable charges can be sought. This is the most comprehensive billing statement for a person who values both time and money. The service can be obtained at an additional cost of Rs.75/- per month Here is how it works: Itemized Bill 1. Time, destination, duration, number & total charge for each call made or received is given. 2. This is further divided into local, STD & ISD call details. 3. For ARF (Automatic Roaming), Incoming & Outgoing calls are not differentiated. Network Circle Coverage (NCC) This allows subscribers to call a PSTN number, irrespective of distance but within the IDEA Cellular Maharashtra / Goa or Gujarat circle network, at airtime charges plus local DoT access rates only, thereby, saving on DoT inter-city STD charges. Any subscriber who does not apply for the NCC feature would be billed for inter-city STD charges (as per DoT rates) and applicable airtime rates for calls made from mobile on PSTN outside the location of the originating call. Cellular 2 Cellular (C2C) Customers opting for C2C would be eligible for subsidised airtime rates from AT&T cellular to AT&T cellular within Maharashtra / Goa or Gujarat network. Outgoing AT&T cellular to AT&T cellular would be charged a separate subsidised rate. Incoming calls from AT&T cellular to AT&T cellular are FREE.

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PRACTICAL-21 CABLES & ADD-ON ACCESSORIES FOR CELL PHONES AIM To study cables & add-on accessories for Cell phones

(1) Nokia 5110 Dual SIM Card Adapter

Have 2 (two) SIM Card on your Nokia 5110 phone. You can easily choose your active SIM Card and switch from one SIM card to another SIM card just by pressing on your on/off button. (2) Nokia 5110 Desktop Charger (OEM)

Dual battery desktop charger with discharging button (for discharge your battery power). This option is useful especially if you want to fully discharge your battery before charging it. (3) Nokia 5110 Mobile Charger (OEM)

Mobile cigarette lighter charger to be used on your car and ensures that our phone always ready to use. This set requires standard cigarette lighter plug on your vehicle.

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(4) Nokia 5110 NiMH Battery (OEM)

1250 mAh NiMH battery for longer talking time and stand-by. Charging time: 5 Hr 30 Min (w/ ACP-7 charger) 2 Hr 30 Min (/w ACP-8 charger)

(5) Nokia 5110 Hand free Kit (OEM)

Headset, go! Here's the easy way to talk on the go. Plug the Headset into your Nokia 5110 and put the earphone in your ear. Walk and talk without having to touch your phone.

(6) Nokia 5110 Standard Charger (OEM)

Easy and convenient way to charge your Nokia 5110 phone. Available with different wall plugs.

(7) Nokia 5110 Travel Charger (OEM)

Very handy and lightweight charger Powerful multi voltage charger. Available with different wall plugs

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Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6

Signal VPP RX (FBUS) DATA (MBUS) GND - Ground TX (FBUS) GND

Nokia 3210 Connector (keypad is up) Pin Signal 1 2 3 +V ? GND Description +3.7V DC - 355mA ? Ground

A Connector

A connector - 2 pins 3.5mm Pin Signal 1 2 +V GND Description +3.7V DC - 355mA Ground

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B Connector

B connector - 4 pins 3.5mm Pin Signal 1 2 3 4 Mic IN Audio OUT Mic GND Audio GND Description Microphone Input - 1KOhm or 1.5KOhm, 0Ohm when HANG UP button is pressed Audio Out Microphone Ground Audio Ground

NCDS Interface Schematic for Nokia 5110, 6110

M2BUS Cable Schematic This cable is the same for all Nokia phones.

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56

PRACTICAL-22 FEATURES OF LATEST CELL PHONES AIM To understand features of latest Cell phones

Nokia 9500

Nokia 7700

Nokia 7610

Nokia 6255

Nokia 6225

Nokia 6015

Nokia 6012

Nokia 3205

Nokia 3125 Current Models

Nokia 3105

Nokia 2112

Nokia 9210i

Nokia 8310

Nokia 8280

Nokia 8250

Nokia 7650

Nokia 7600

Nokia 7250i

Nokia 7210

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Nokia 7200

Nokia 6820

Nokia 6800

Nokia 6610

Nokia 6600

Nokia 6385

Nokia 6230

Nokia 6220

Nokia 6100

Nokia 5100

Nokia 3660

Nokia 3650

Nokia 3610

Nokia 3586

Nokia 3585

Nokia 3530

Nokia 3315

Nokia 3300

Nokia 3200

Nokia 3120

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Nokia 3100

Nokia 2300

Nokia 2280

Nokia 2100

Nokia 1100

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PRACTICAL-23 COMPARE FEATURES AIM To compare features of some typical Cell phones available in market

Nokia 3350

Nokia 3315

Nokia 3300

Nokia 2100

General Features
Size (L x W x H) 113.7 x 48.8 x 22.8 113 x 48 x 16-22 1 1 4 x6 3 x2 0 105.5 x 44.2 x 20.7 85.7 g 2 h - 3 h 20 min

Weight Talk Time

108 g Up to 4 h 45 min

114 g Up to 4 h 10 min

125g up to 130 mins to 220 mins up to 130 hrs - 220 hrs 1 2 8 x1 2 8 4096 Colors Up to 250

Standby Time S c r e e n S i z e ( P i xe l s ) Screen Colors Phone book size (Phone/Size)

Up to 260 h 96 x 65 Black & White 150 / SIM Card Dependant

Up to 260 h 84 x 48 Black & White SIM Card Dependant

50 h - 150 h 96 x 65 100 / SIM Card Dependent 10/10/10

Recent Calls List 20 / 10 / 10 ( D i a l e d/Received/Missed) Integrated Camera Internal Vibrator Handsfree Speaker Voice Dial No Ye s No Ye s , u p t o 8 N a m e s

20 / 10 / 10

20/10/10

No Ye s No Ye s , u p t o 8 N a m e s

No Ye s Ye s 1 0 vo i c e t a g s f o r phonebook entries 5 vo i c e c o m m a n d s No Ye s , c l o s e d u s e r g r o u p s

No Ye s No No

Voice Command Voice Recording Caller Grouping

No No No

No No No

No No No

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Profile Settings

Ye s

Ye s

Ye s , c u s t o m i z a b l e a n d timed profiles Ye s Up to 250 (Shared m e m o r y) Ye s Ye s Ye s

Ye s

Calendar Calendar Notes

No Ye s , R e m i n d e r F u n c t i o n

No Ye s , R e m i n d e r F u n c t i o n

Reminder Call Ye s , R e m i n d e r Call Ye s Ye s No

C l o c k wi t h A l a r m Calculator C o n ve r t e r O p e r a t i n g S ys t e m Xpress-onTM What's Cool

Ye s Ye s Ye s , C u r r e n c y Nokia OS Ye s R h yt h m i c b l a c k l i g h t a l e r t , Chinese lunar calendar, SMS chat, concatenated m e s s a g e s , s a ve S M S a s reminder, personalise S M S a l e r t , vo i c e d i a l i n g , picture messaging, picture editor, reminder wi t h a l a r m , s t o p wa t c h , c o u n t d o wn t i m e r , e xc i t i n g g a m e s , u p t o 4 lines screen display in W A P b r o ws i n g .

Ye s Ye s Ye s , C u r r e n c y Nokia OS Ye s SMS chat, SMS t e m p l a t e s , s m i l e ys f o r SMS, personalise SMS alert, picture messaging, picture editor, clipart g a l l e r y, r e m i n d e r wi t h alarm, ringing tone c o m p o s e r , s t o p wa t c h , c o u n t d o wn t i m e r , e xc i t i n g g a m e s .

Dual-band GSM 900/1800 Nokia OS Ye s D i g i t a l m u s i c p l a ye r f o r MP3 and AAC files, stereo FM radio, digital recorder from integrated FM radio and audio lineIn, music files as ringing tones, music storage on multimedia card, multimedia messaging, J a va T M g a m e s . Ye s Keep in touch wi t h f r i e n d s a n d family thanks to many messaging options and different time management features like customizable distribution lists, SMS chat, fullsized clock s c r e e n s a ve r , alarm and reminders. Photo i n s e r t c o ve r , X p r e s s - o n c o ve r s , ring-tones d o wn l o a d & composer and animated s c r e e n s a ve r s l e t yo u m a k e i t personal.

Messaging Chat
P r e d i c t i ve T e xt I n p u t S h o r t M e s s a g i n g S e r vi c e Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s Ye s , c o n c a t e n a t e d S M S , s e n d a n d r e c e i ve u p t o 3 messages, (450) 160 + 145 + 145 characters, in Unicode 70 + 63 + 63 per message Ye s , 5 0 picture/concatenated messages Ye s , m a x. s i z e 4 5 K B p e r MMS message No Ye s Ye s , u p t o 4 5 9 characters

Picture Messaging

Ye s

Ye s

Ye s

MMS

No

No

No

Push to Talk

No

No

No

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Web and Data Features

D a t a C o n n e c t i vi t y Fax / Data Transmission WAP GPRS HSCSD No No Ye s , W A P 1 . 1 + P u s h No No No No No No No USB Ye s Ye s , W A P 1 . 2 . 1 Ye s Ye s , 9 , 6 k b p s No No No No No

Entertainment
Games Ye s , 6 ( B u m p e r , D a n c e 2 Music, Link5, M a g i c D r a w, S n a k e I I , Space Impact) 43 (36 + 7) Ye s , 4 ( B a n t u m i , P a i r I I , Snake II, Space Impact) Ye s , 4 p r e i n s t a l l e d J a va Games Ye s , L i n k 5 , S p a c e Impact, Snake II

R i n g i n g T o n e s ( F i xe d + Variable) P o l yp h o n i c R i n g i n g Tones

43 (36 + 7)

N.A

42 (35 + 7)

No

No

Ye s , 2 4 P o l yp h o n i c Ringing Tones (+ True Tones) No Ye s

No

Ringing Tones Composer Radio

Ye s No

Ye s No

Ye s No

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PRACTICAL-24 CELLPHONE OPERATOR COMPANIES & THEIR PLAN AND TRAFFIC AIM To study Cellophane operator Companies and their plan and tariff.

List Of Valid Mobile Codes

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In India mobile cellular service begins with a new national area code '98' followed by 8 digits as per the numbering scheme given below:COUNTRY CODE (India) -91 ACCESS CODE (2 digit) -98 MOBILE SWITCH CODE (3 digit) -YXX SUBSCRIBER NO. (5 digit) -ABCDE The routing of Mobile service call is to be decided based on first digit of the Mobile Switch Code (MSC) as follows:

Cellular Operators in India

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SECRET CODES OF 5110 MOBILE Show IMEI code What's the IMEI code of your phone, simply press: * # 06 # you'll read it on display. Software Version This code shows you software version, date of manufacture and hardware model number of your phone. * # 0000 # Show Service Menu To get additional information from your phone you can use the so called "warranty code", try typing: *#92702689# (= *#war0anty#). Now you are in service menu where you'll find: 1 IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identification) 2 Made MM/YY (date of production of the phone mm/yy) 3 Purchasing Date (here you can enter the date of purchase. If you enter an incorrect date, you cannot correct it later ! 4 Repaired (date of repair, if there was one) 5 Transfer user data? Enhanched Full rate codec *3370# EFR will be activated after a reboot of the phone ( consumes more power ) #3370# EFR will be switched off after a reboot of the phone. Half rate codec *4720# Half Rate coded will be activated after a reboot of the phone ( better standby time ) #4720# Half Rate coded will be de-activated after a reboot of the phone Profiles Menu If you press the "Power on" button for a short moment, the menu with the profiles is shown on the display. If you press one more time, the mobile turns itself off. You can use the up and down cursor keys to scroll and enable a different alert setting.

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Unlock SP lock Here is a way to Unlock your phone which is Service Provider locked, without to know SP Lock code!!!! Give it a try: First of all, PIN CODE MUST BE ON, then press: C <arrow down> C and hold until it clears display * and hold until start to blink * and hold until start to blink 04*<your pin>*<your pin>*your pin># Each time you turn your phone OFF it resets the lock, so this need to be done each time you'll turn your phone ON Anyway it's better than nothing, isn't it?

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GSM CODES Call Diverting Immediate To Activate: * * 21 * NUMBER # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 21 # [SEND] To Check: * # 21 # [SEND] Time Delay To Activate: * * 002 * NUMBER * * (Time 5 to 30 Seconds) # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 002 # [SEND] To Check: * # 002 #. [SEND] Conditional To Activate: * * 004 * NUMBER * * (Time 5 to 30 Seconds) # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 004 # [SEND] To Check: * # 004 # [SEND] No Answer To Activate: * * 61 * NUMBER * * (Time 5 to 30 Seconds) # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 61 # [SEND] To Check: * # 61 # [SEND] Unreachable To Activate: * * 62 * NUMBER # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 62 # [SEND] To Check: * # 62 # [SEND] Engaged To Activate: * * 67 * NUMBER # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 67 # [SEND] To Check: * # 67 # [SEND] To Cancel All Call Forwarding # # 002 # [SEND] Call Barring Barring All Outgoing Calls To Activate: * 33 * BARRING CODE# [SEND] To Cancel: # 33 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] To Check: * # 33 # [SEND]

Barring All Outgoing International Calls To Activate: * 331 * BARRING CODE# [SEND] To Cancel: # 331 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] To Check: * # 331 # [SEND] Barring All Outgoing international (except to home country) Calls To Activate: * 332 * BARRING CODE# [SEND] To Cancel: # 332 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] To Check: * # 332 # [SEND] . Barring All Incoming Calls To Activate: * 35 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] To Cancel: # 35 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] To Check: * # 35 # [SEND] 68

Barring All Incoming Calls Whilst Outside Home Country To Activate: * 351 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] To Cancel: # 351 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] To Check: * # 351 # [SEND] Barring All Calls To Activate: * 330 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] To Cancel: # 330 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] To Check: * # 330 # [SEND] . Barring All Outgoing Calls To Activate: * 333 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] ...I To Cancel: # 333 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] To Check: * # 333 # [SEND] Barring All Incoming Calls To Activate: * 353 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] To Cancel: # 353 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] To Check: * # 353 # [SEND] Canceling All Call Barring # 330 * BARRING CODE # [SEND] Call Wait/Hold To Activate: * 43 # [SEND] To Deactivate: # 43 # [SEND] t To Check: * # 43 # [SEND] To To To To To To To To end the call on hold or set UDUB (User Determined User Busy) for a waiting call press: 0 [SEND] end the current call and accept the call on hold or waiting press: 1 [SEND] release a specific call (where this call is X) press: 1 X [SEND] place active call on hold and accept the other held or waiting call press: 2 [SEND] activate a specific call (where this call is X) and place all other's on hold press: 2X [SEND] add the held call to the current conversation press: 3 [SEND] make a new call and place current call's on hold enter: Number [SEND] end all call's together (except a waiting call) press: [END]

Call Line Identity (CLI) Outgoing To Activate: * 31 # [SEND] To Deactivate: # 31 # [SEND] To Check: * # 31 # [SEND] Incoming To Activate: * 30 # [SEND] To Deactivate: # 30 # [SEND] To Check: * # 30 # [SEND] Diverting Data Calls No Reply To Activate: * * 61 * NUMBER * 25 # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 61 * 25 # [SEND] To Check Status: * # 61 # * 25 # [SEND] Time Delay To Activate: * * 61 * NUMBER * 25 * (Time 5 to 30 seconds) # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 61 # * 25 # [SEND] To Check Status: * # 61 # * 25 # [SEND] 69

Unreachable To Activate: * * 62 * NUMBER * 25 # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 61 # * 25 # [SEND] To Check Status: * # 62 # * 25 # [SEND] Busy To Activate: * * 67 * NUMBER * 25 # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 67 # * 25 # [SEND] To Check Status: * # 67 # * 24 # [SEND] Unconditional To Activate: * * 21 * NUMBER * 25 # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 21 # * 25 [SEND] To Check Status: * # 21 # * 25 # [SEND] Diverting Fax Calls No Reply To Activate: * * 61 * NUMBER 13 # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 61 * 13 # [SEND] To Check Status: * # 61 # * 13 # [SEND] Time Delay To Activate: * * 61 * NUMBER * 13 * (5 to 30 seconds) # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 61 # * 13 # [SEND] To Check Status: * # 61 # * 13 # [SEND] Unreachable To Activate: * * 62 * NUMBER * 13 # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 62 # * 13 # [SEND] To Check Status: * # 62 # * 13 # [SEND] Busy To Activate: * * 67 * NUMBER * 13 # [SEND] To Cancel: # # 67 # * 13 # [SEND] To Check Status: * # 67 # * 13 #[SEND] Unconditional To Activate: * * 21 * NUMBER * 13 #[SEND] To Cancel: # # 21 # * 13 # [SEND] To Check Status: * # 21 # * 13 # [SEND]

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PRACTICAL-25 SOME COMMON QUESTIONS & Q: What's the difference between analog and digital? A. Analog is a transmission method that uses sound waves or electricity to send signals, while digital uses a binary code to represent information.1he first wireless networks built in the 1980s used analog technology. Newer networks and PCS networks use digital technology. Q: What is Dual Band? A. A wireless phone that is capable of operating on two frequency bands such as 800 MHz and 1900 MHz. Q: What is Dual Mode? A. A wireless phone that is capable of operating on both analog and digital networks Q: What does CDMA, TDMA and GSM stand for? Why are there so many digital technologies? A. CDMA, TDMA and GSM are all different types of digital technologies or transmission methods. CDMA = Code Division Multiple Access TDMA = Time Division Multiple Access GSM = Global System for Mobile Communications Digital technologies offer greater system capacity, enhanced sound quality and call security, as well as enable a wide variety of advanced user features such as e-mail, short message services and more. Q: Can I use my phone as a pager? A. Mobile digital phones can receive messages like a pager. Contact your mobile phone service provider to see if this option is available through them, and to set up this option in your service plan. Q: What is Bluetooth? A. Bluetooth is an exciting new technology that allows devices such as mobile phones, Laptop computers, digital cameras, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other portable devices to connect add communicate with each other using short range radio waves rather than cables. Q: What is 3rd Generation? A. The 3rd Generation (3G) mobile devices and services will transform wireless communications into on-line, real-time transfer of information, regardless of time and place. You will be able to send electronic postcards with images, and you can even have a live video conference using your 3G mobile communication device. Q: What is the model number of my mobile phone? A. Switch your phone off and remove the battery from the phone. The model number is noted on the back label of the phone. Q: How do I put my "name in the phone screen? A. Check with your local mobile dealer or service provider to see if your phone has this feature. If it does, the phone will need to be programmed by your dealer. NOTE: Your service provider may override custom screens. Q: What is Dual Mode, and how do you use it? A. Dual Mode indicates that the phone is capable of being used in both digital and analog networks. You don't need to do anything to switch modes; the phone does so automatically. Dual Mode should not be confused with Dual Band which indicates the phone is capable of using two operating frequencies. Q: I get a lot of static when using my phone in certain areas. How can I adjust my phone to reduce this? I A. There is no feature on the phone to adjust "static" on your phone. With a digital phone model, you may want to note what mode (analog or digital) the phone is in when experiencing this type of interference. This will help determine if the noise is I related to the network you are using. If you use a digital phone, try switching modes as outlined in your user's manual. Also, note the level of signal strength shown on the left side of your display. Fewer bars are displayed for weaker signal areas. Poor signal strength or reception can also contribute to certain 71

levels of noise or static. If your display shows a weak signal, attempt to move to an area that provides better signal strength. Q: The sound quality on my phone is not good and I am continuously dropping calls. Why? A. Your mobile phone operates on radio waves and the quality of calls on your phone depends on the strength of the radio I signal. The signal indicators on the left side of your phone's display screen note radio signal strength. These indicators scroll showing more bars as the signal strength increases and decreases. To improve your phone's reception, try moving: your phone slightly. If you are inside a building, move towards a window. Q: The sound quality on my phone is not good and I am continuously dropping calls. Why?" A. Your mobile phone operates on radio waves and the quality of calls on your phone depends on the strength of the radio signal. The signal indicators on the left side of your phone's display screen note radio signal strength. These indicators scroll showing more bars as the signal strength increases and decreases. To improve your phone's reception, try moving your phone slightly. If you are inside a building, move towards a window. Q: What is my lock/security code? A. The lock code is a code that prevents a wireless phone from unauthorized use. The security code is a number used to prevent unauthorized or accidental alteration of data programmed into wireless phones. The security code can be used by the owner of a phone to change the lock code. The lock code default is 1234. The security code default is, 12345. If these defaults don't work, then the codes have most likely been changed by the local mobile dealer. You'll need to contact the local mobile dealer where you purchased your phone. Q: How do I get the lock code changed? A. Changing the lock codes varies with the phone model. See your user's manual to find out if you can change the lock code on your phone. Some models may be changed by the end user. Please contact your local mobile dealer, the place of purchase. Q: What is roaming? A. Roaming is using your mobile phone outside your home coverage area, a geographic area defined by your service provider. Additional charges are applied for using your phone while roaming, including a roaming fee and/or long-distance fees Q: What are "off-peak" hours? A. Off-peak hours refers to time periods in which fewer calls are made using mobile phones. Most service providers include 7 p.m. to 7 a.m., plus weekends and some holidays, in their off-peak hours. Calls made during 'off-peak hours are billed at the lowest rate in your service plan. While long-distance and landline connection charges apply, some service plans bill calls made during off-peak hours as free minutes. Q: What are "peak" hours? A. Peak hours refers to time periods in which the most calls are made using mobile phones. Most service providers include 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., Monday through Friday as peak time, however peak time can begin as early as 6 a.m. and run as late as 10 p.m. Calls made during peak hours are billed at the highest rate in your service plan.

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GLOSSARY 1900M Hz The frequency band identified for PCS two-way digital wireless services. See also PCS. 800MHz Refers to the radio frequency or range of frequencies typically associated with wireless services. 900 MHz Cordless Phone Refers to digital cordless phones that allow users to move unuttered from a phone base for. about 10 to 1,000 feet. They are different from wireless phones that send and receive transmission signals directly in the handset unit. AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service. The analog wireless transmission standard (technology) deployed in the 1980s in the United States and Canada. AMPS operates at 800 MHz. See also N-AMPS (Narrowband AMPS). Accessories A wide variety of additional pieces of equipment to enhance the productivity of wireless phones including extra batteries and rapid, travel or desktop battery chargers, headset kits, car kits, carrying cases and belt clips. Airtime The time tracked by wireless service providers to determine billing charges. Usage includes sending or receiving calls and other wireless transmission such as faxes, e-mail or data files. Some service providers may charge for a whole minute if only part of a minute is used. Alphanumeric Consisting of letters, numbers and characters, as in an alphanumeric message, that may be received by some wireless phones, as well as sent and received by newer wireless phone models and wireless communicators. See also SMS. Analog A transmission method or way of sending voice, video and data using signals (such as electricity or sound waves) that are continuously variable rather than discreet units as in digital transmissions. In the context of wireless communications, analog refers to transmission networks built in the 1980s and that use analog technology rather than digital. See also Digital. Antenna A physical device for sending or receiving radio signals. Antennas come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Some wireless phones contain built-in antennas. Many phone owners also use car antennas to boost reception and transmission. Asynchronous Mode Not synchronous. A way to send transmissions by starting and stopping transmissions with a code rather than sending transmissions at specific time intervals as in synchronous mode. Asynchronous communication devices do not have to be synchronized with clocking signal, which is required with synchronous transmission. Also frequently referred to as ATM or Asynchronous Transfer Mode. See also Synchronous Mode. Authentication The process a wireless transmission network uses to validate a user's identity to prevent unauthorized use. Band In wireless communication, band refers to a frequency or contiguous range of frequencies. Currently, wireless communication service providers use the 800 MHz, 900 MHz and 1900 MHz bands for transmission in the United States. 73

Bandwidth The width or capacity of a communications channel. Analog bandwidth is measured in Hertz (Hz) or cycles per second. Digital bandwidth is the amount or volume of data that may be sent through a channel, measured in bits per second, without distortion. Bandwidth should not be confused with the term band, such as a wireless phone that operates on the 800 MHz band. Bandwidth is the space it occupies on that band. The relative importance of bandwidth in wireless communications is that the size, or bandwidth, of a channel will impact transmission speed. Lots of data flowing through a narrow channel takes longer than the same amount of data flowing through a broader channel. Battery The power source for a wireless phone. Rechargeable batteries such as nickel cadmium, nickel metal hydride and lithium ion are used in wireless phones and communication devices. See also Li-Ion, NiCd, NiMH. Blue Tooth Blue Tooth is an exciting new technology that allows devices such as mobile phones, Lap Top computers, digital cameras, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other portable devices to communicate with each other without using cables to connect them. Blue Tooth is a technology that allows these devices to communicate with each other using short-range radio waves. Broadband PCS The term the Federal Communications Commission gave to the range of frequencies from 1800 MHz to 1900 MHz in the radio spectrum that are capable of supporting wireless voice and data communications. Also used to refer to PCS voice and data services. See also PCS. Broadband " A term used to compare frequency bandwidth relative to 3 MHz narrowband frequencies. Broadband frequencies can transmit more data and at a higher speed than narrowband frequencies. In general, typical paging services utilize narrowband frequencies. Wireless phones and communication devices use broadband. See also Bandwidth. CDMA Code Division Multiple Access (COMA) is one of several digital wireless transmission methods in which signals are encoded using a pseudo-random sequence which corresponds to a different communication channel -that the receiver also knows and can use to decode the received signal. COMA is one of several "spread spectrum" techniques. COMA offers improvements over analog transmission in the areas of reduced call dropping, battery power conservation, more secure transmission and increased service options. CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data. All open wireless transmission st1cllitilard 1clllowing two-wuy 19.2-Kbps packet data transmission over existing cellul1clr telephone channels (AMPS with CO PO capability.) In essence, COPD technology uses idle network capacity caused by p1cluses in phone conversation IlS 1cmd gaps between calls placed, etc. to transmit data. CTIA The membership-based Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA), located in Washington, D.C., represents the interests of the wireless telecommunications industry. Caller ID A feature that displays the name and/or number of the calling party either on a wireless phone screen or a separate device (as is often the case with a landline phone). Virtually all digital phones -as well as many analog phones -have this capability, which may be activated by a wireless service provider. Calling Plan A package of services offered by wireless service providers that outlines the activation charge, monthly charges, per-minute air time charges, roaming charges, local service and area as well as additional service charges (such as caller ID, call waiting or voicemail). See also Coverage Area, Local Service Area, Roaming. Car Kit 74

Accessories that allow you to use your phone hands-free in the car. A car kit may contain a few essential items such as ~ fast battery charger, a hands-free holder (hardware to hold the phone) or may be more robust and include connections to an external antenna, external speaker for better audio quality or a junction box with data port for optional fax/modem connections. Cell The geographic area encompassing the signal range from one base station (a site containing a radio trans mitter/receiver and network communication equipment). Wireless transmission networks are comprised of many hexagonal, overlapping cell sites to efficiently use radio spectrum for wireless transmissions. Also, the basis for the term "cellular phone." Cellular In wireless communications, cellular refers most basically to the structure of the wireless transmission networks which are comprised of cells or transmission sites. Cellular is also the name of the wireless telephone system originally developed by Bell Laboratories that used low-powered analog radio equipment to transmit within cells. The terms "cellular phone" or "cell phone" are used interchangeably to refer to wireless phones. Within the wireless industry, cellular is also used to refer to non-PCS products and services. Cordless Phone (vs. Wireless) A phone that does not have a cord between the handset and the base unit, which is plugged into an electrical outlet and the telephone line. Cordless phones allow users to roam a short distance from the phone's base. Early cordless phones used analog technology; however, many cordless phones manufactured today employ digital transmission technology. Cordless phones are vastly different from wireless phones, which allow phone use wherever there is a compatible transmission network. See also 900 MHz Cordless Phone. Coverage Area The geographic area encompassing a wireless network. This is the area your network service provider offers cellular service for your phol1e.' Data Services The ability to access services such as e-mail, faxes and SMS messages using a wireless phone or communicator. See also SMS. Dead Spot An area within the coverage area, of a wireless network in which there is no coverage or transmission falls off. Dead spots are often caused by electronic interference or physical barriers such as hills, tunnels and indoor parking garages. See also Coverage Area. Digital Using a binary code. discrete, non-continuous values -to represent information. Analog information can be converted into a digital format. See also Analog. Dual Band A wireless phone that is capable of operating on two frequency bands such as the 800 MHz digital band and the 1900 MHz digital PCS band. See also Band. Dual Mode An industry term referring to a wireless device that can operate on either an analog or digital transmission network. However, multiple digital transmission systems exist, so dual mode phone users must ensure that their dual mode phone will operate on the digital transmission system .used by their selected service provider. See also Tri-Mode. Duplex/Full Duplex Simultaneous two-way transmission, such as experienced in a phone conversation. In contrast, many speakerphones are half-duplex and will transmit in only one direction -from the loudest noise -at a time. ESN 75

The Electronic Serial Number (ESN)'is a unique, unchangeable 32-bit binary number embedded by the manufacturer that identifies each wireless communications device except those that use GSM technology Which uses an IMEI instead. The ESN and a Mobile Identification Number (MIN) are both automatically transmitted to the wireless network each time the phone is used to verify that it has not been reported lost or stolen and that all subscriber bills are current. See also IMEI, MIN. FCC The Federal Communications Commission was established by the Communications Act of 1934, as amended, and regulates interstate communications (wire, radio, telephone, telegraph and telecommunications) originating in the United States. " Face Plate A cover that fits around the pushbuttons of a phone. Many wireless phone models offer changeable, colored faceplates. Some can be changed by the user. Others must be changed at the place of purchase or an authorized service center. Fast Charging Refers to a method of fully charging batteries in under four hours. Frequency The rate at which an electrical current alternates, usually measured in Hertz (Hz). Also the way to note a general location on the radio frequency spectrum such as 800 MHz, 900 MHz or 1900 MHz. See also HZ (Hertz), MHz (Megahertz). GSM Global System for Mobile Communications or GSM is the digital transmission technique widely adopted in Europe and supported in North America for PCS. ("'.SM uses the 1900 MHz. GSM uses 900 MHz and 1800 MH1 in Europe. See also CDMA, PCS, TDMA. HZ (Hertz) The unit of frequency measurement equal to one cycle per second. Abbreviated Hz and named after Heinrich R. Hertz. See also MHz (Megahertz). Hands-Free Operation/Handling Using a wireless phone without having to lift or hold the phone to your ear. Key guard The key guard feature provided on. some mobile phones allows the user to disable the keys so that a number will not accidentally be dialed while the phone IS III your pocket or purse. LCD Screen Liquid Crystal Display screens have low energy requirements and are generally easy to read. LCD screens are made by sealing a liquid compound between two pieces of glass and/ora filter. The screen has hundreds or thousands of dots that are charged or not charged which make them reflect or not reflect light to form letters, characters and numbers. Some LCD screens have an electro luminescent panel behind them and are termed "backlit." Li-Ion Refers to a type of battery, a Lithium-Ion battery, used to power wireless communication devices. Li.Ion batteries are lighter weight than earlier battery types, have a relatively long cycle life and generally do not suffer from memory effect. See also Battery, Memory Effect, NiCd, NiMH. Local Service Area The geographic area that telephones may call without incurring roaming or long distance charges. Lock Code A code that prevents a wireless phone from unauthorized use. It is programmed into the Numerical Assignment Module or NAM. A lock code is used in conjunction with the phone lock feature. When activated, the phone will 76

lock after you switch your phone off and back on. Each time the phone is turned on, it will prompt you to enter a lock code before it will allow a call to be placed, or to access most of the phone's memory and menu features. Calls, such as emergency or other numbers programmed as unlocked phone numbers may be placed without entering a lock code. MHz (Megahertz) A unit of frequency equal to one million hertz or cycles per second. Wireless communications occur in the 800 MHz, 900 MHz and 1900 MHz bands. See also Band, HZ (Hertz). MIN The Mobile Identification Number (MIN) is a unique 24-bit number assigned by the wireless service provider to each phone it sells or includes in service plans. Unlike an Electronic Serial Number (ESN), a MIN is changeable because wireless phones may change hands or phone owners may move to another coverage region, requiring a different service plan. The MIN and ESN are both automatically transmitted to the wireless network each time the phone is used to verify that the phone has not been reported lost or stolen and that all subscriber bills are current. See also ESN. MMM Mobile ,Media Mode (MMM) products have the ability to provide information services such as stock quotes, flight information and reservations, news, sports, weather updates, and even access to e-mail wirelessly. Check with your local cellular service provider to find out when services will be available in your area. MTAs/RSAs Metropolitan Trading Areas (MTA) are areas of economic integration defined by Rand McNally's Commercial Atlas. The FCC uses the 51 U.S. MTAs as the boundaries for PCS licenses. Each MTA consists of several Basic Trading Areas (BTAs) which are several contiguous counties. The FCC also identified 428 rural U.S. markets or Rural Service Areas. Two service providers are licensed for each RSA. See also FC Memory Effect , The life of a battery may be gradually shortened if it is recharged before it is completely discharged. Memory effect most commonly occurs with Nickel Cadmium batteries, is less of a problem with Nickel Hydride batteries and even less with lithium Ion batteries. Messaging Using various products, services and technologies to transfer messages from one person to another, or from one device to another such as traditional numeric or alphanumeric paging, e-mail or short messages (SMS) delivered to wireless devices. See also SMS. Mobile Phone A term often used interchangeably w4th cellular phone or wireless phone. Initially, a mobile phone referred to a phone attached to a vehicle, the vehicle's battery and had an external antenna. Mobile phones were distinguished from transportable, portable, cordless and personal phones. See also Transportable Phone1 Modulation The process of coding and decoding information for transmission. For example, a voice conversation is ceded into binary bits (digital information), transmitted and then decoded at the receiving end. N-AMPS (Narrowband AMPS) Narrowband Advanced Mobile Phone Service. Combines the AMPS transmission standard with digital signaling information to effectively triple the capacity of AMPS while adding basic messaging functionality. See also AMPS. NAM The Number Assignment Module (NAM) is a chip that stores a wireless device's phone number, lock code, timer reset code and other user information. The NAM is programmed by the service provider when a device is activated. The NAM also associates the Mobile Identification Number (MIN) with the Electronic Serial Number (ESN). Some wireless phones have dual or multi-NAM. features which allows the user to have more than one phone number. 77

Narrowband PCS Mobile and portable radio (including paging) services such as two-way paging, acknowledgement paging, voice paging and data services. These services are transmitted over a set of frequencies set aside by the FCC in 1994. Network In the wireless industry, a network refers to the infrastructure enabling the transmission of wireless signals. A network ties things together and enables resource sharing. NiCd A Nickel Cadmium or NiCd battery is durable, rechargeable and typically lasts for 700 charge and discharge cycles. If not completely discharged before recharging, the NiCd battery can suffer from memory effect that may reduce the life of the battery. See also Memory Effect. NiMH A Nickel Metal Hydride Battery, also referred to as a Ni-MH or NiMH battery, is a rechargeable battery that is capable of holding more power that a NiCd battery and suffers much less from memory effect. It is also typically more expensive than a NiCd battery. See also Memory Effect. Numeric Most often refers to messaging services that are capable of transmitting numbers only (no letters), or a wireless' message that contains only numbers such as phone number page on a numeric pager. See also Alphanumeric. Off-Peak Hours Typically hours after the business day (usually after 7 p.m. or 8 p.m. local time) and on weekends when wireless networks have less demand for transmission. Service providers often offer lower per-minute rates to calls placed and received during off-peak hours. See also Peak Hours. PCMCIA/PC Card PC Cards removable, credit-card sized devices that may be plugged into slots in PCs and wireless communication devices to provide fax or modem functions or network cards. The acronym PCMCIA represents the Personal Computer Memory Card International Association which is a group of hardware manufacturers and vendors responsible for developing standards for PC Cards (also called PCMCIA cards.) PCS Personal Communications Service (or System) Generally, a marketing term used to describe a wide variety of two-way digital wireless service offerings operating at 1900 MHz. PCS services include next generation wireless phone and communication services, wireless local loop, inexpensive walk-around communications service with lightweight, low-powered handsets, in-building cordless voice services for business, in-building wireless LAN service for business, enhanced paging service as well as wireless services integrated with wired networks. A Personal Communications System refers to the hardware and software that provide communications services. PIN Personal Identification Number. In the context of wireless devices, the PIN is a code used in conjunction with a SIM card to complete call or data transmission see also SIM. Pager, Page, Paging A pager is a pocket-size(lone-way or two-way radio receiver that sounds a tone or vibrates when it receives a transmission. Some pagers that are currently offered are capable of receiving numeric and alphanumeric messages. Some pagers are also capable of sending message's. Peak Hours Typically during the business day when the demand for access to wireless networks is high. Service providers typically charge full-service per-minute rates during peak hours. Portable Phone A one-piece, hand-held phone that includes battery power and may be used without any peripheral power or antenna. See also Mobile Phone, Transportable Phones. 78

Roaming Using a wireless phone outside of your service provider's local coverage area or home calling area is referred to as roaming. Roaming arrangements between service providers expand the potential area for phone use. Service providers typically charge a higher per-minute fee for calls placed outside their home calling or coverage area. See ::11so Coverage Area, Service Agreement. SIM A Subscriber Identity Module is a cerci commonly used in a GSM phone. The card holds a microchip that stores information and encrypts voice and data transmissions, making it close to impossible to listen in on calls. The SIM card also stores data that identifies the caller to the network service provider. SMS Short Message Service is a feature available with some wireless phones that allow users to send and/or receive short alphanumeric messages. Satellite, Satellite Phone Satellites orbiting in space above the earth receive, repeat and regenerate microwave signals. Security Code A number used to prevent unauthorized or accidental alteration of data programmed into wireless phones. The security code can be used by the owner of a phone to change the lock code. See also Lock Code. Service Agreement A business contract or agreement that outlines the services provided, and the costs for the services, by a wireless service provider. Service agreements typically include a monthly base rate (with included minutes) and perminute charges for minutes over the monthly maximum. (Sometimes referred to as a Rate Plan) Standby Time The length of time a wireless phone or communicator is fully charged, turned on and ready to send and receive calls or data transmissions. Standby time, once stated in only hours and minutes, can now be extended to many days with current phone models. Standby time is affected by the amount of time the phone is used for talking because talking on a phone draws more energy from a battery than standby time does Wireless devices depend on batteries for power; batteries, slowly discharge their power and must be recharged and eventually replaced. See also Talk Time. Symbian Symbian is a bold new venture formed by Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola, and Psion to create easy to use operating systems for wireless devices and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The first operating system is called EPOC and was launched earlier this year. Synchronous Mode Transmissions that are timed by a clocking signal and occur with equal time intervals between them. Synchronous mode does not require a start and stop codes as in asynchronous mode. See also Asynchronous Mode. TDMA Time Division Multiple Access is one of several technologies used in digital wireless transmissions that increases the efficiency of the network by allowing a greater number of simultaneous transmissions. Networks using TDMA assign 6 timeslots for each frequency channel. Devices using the wireless network send bursts of information that are reassembled at the receiving end. Talk Time The length of time a wireless device may be engaged in transmission (phone conversations, sending or receiving data) before it runs out of battery power. Talk time, expressed in hours and minutes, is much shorter than standby time because transmission requires more power. Therefore, standby time is effected by the amount of time the phone is used for talking. Wireless devices depend on batteries for power; batteries slowly discharge their power and must be recharged and eventually replaced. See also Standby Time. 79

Third Generation The 3rd Generation (3G) mobile devices and services will transform wireless communications into on-line, realtime transfer of information, regardless of time and place. You will be able to send electronic postcards with images, and you can even have a live videoconference using your 3G mobile communication device. Transportable Phones .A wireless phone that may be removed from an automobile and used by itself with an attached battery pack because it does not rely on the automobile battery for power. Also referred to as a "bag" or "briefcase" phone, referring to the power supply that must accompany the phone and to differentiate it from one-piece, lightweight wireless phones currently available. See also Mobile Phone. Tri-Mode Tri Mode phone operates on two frequency bands, such as 800MHz and 1900MHz, as well-as operating in both digital and analog networks. See also Dual Band, Dual Mode. Vocoder Refers to a voice encoder which is a device that codes and decodes the human voice (sound waves) into digital transmission. Higher vocoder speeds offer enhanced sound quality. WAP Wireless Application Protocol is a protocol developed to allow intelligent transmission of optimized Internet content to wireless phones. Wireless Without wires. Communication without any physical connections between the sender and the receiver. Using the radio frequency spectrum (airways) and hardware, software and technologies to transmit information. Wireless Local Loop Wireless service systems that compete with or substitute for local wire line phone service.

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PRACTICAL-26 TEST POINT VOLTAGES T1. T2. T3. T4. T5. T6. T7. T8. T9. T10. T11. T12. T13. T14. T15. T16. T17. T18. T19. T20. T21. T22. T23. T24. T25. T26. T27. T28. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2.81 V 9.5 V 0.0 V 2.81 V 2.79 V 2.79 V 2.79 V 0.0 V 0.0 V 3.05 V 3.05 V 0.0 V 3.05 V 3.05 V 3.94 V 3.94 V 1.18 V 0.0 V T X C R X I/Q S. Data Cobba clock 32KHz 3.8 V 0.9 V 6.0 V- Variable 0.47 V 2.71 V

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PRACTICAL-27 TEST POINT WAVEFORMS T9: SIM Data:

H = 0.5 us V = 10 mV

At Starting Time

T14: SIM Clock:

H = 0.5 us V = 1 V At Starting Time

T19: TXC: H = 10 ms V = 5 mV

At Ring Time

T20: RX I/Q:

H = 5 ms V = 10 mV

At Ring Time 82

T21: S Data:

H = 5 ms V = 0.5 mV

At Ring Time T22: Cobba Clock:

H = 5 ms V = 0.5 mV

At Ring Time T23: 32KHz

H = 50 us V = 20 V

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PRACTICAL 28 STUDY OF SWITCH FAULTS F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F17 F18 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Display Off No Effect 9.5 V Cut Off Function Not Work Display Light Work SW No.8 Not Working SW No.2 Not Working SW - Down Not Working SW No.0 Not Working Insert SIM Card Insert SIM Card No Effects SIM Card ground Not working No Effects Insert SIM Card Vibrator Not working Buzzer Not working Loud speaker Not working Mic Not working

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