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CHUYN I: CN THC BC HAI

B i 1 :
1) n gin biu thc : P =
14 6 5 14 6 5 + +
.
2) Cho biu thc : Q =
x 2 x 2 x 1
.
x 1
x 2 x 1 x
_
+ +

+ +
,

a) Rt gn biu thc Q.
b) Tm x
Q
> - Q.
c) Tm s nguyn x Q c gi tr nguyn.
H ng dn :
1. P = 6
2. a) KX : x > 0 ; x 1. Biu thc rt gn : Q =
1
2
x
.
b)
Q
> - Q x > 1.
c) x =
{ } 3 ; 2
th Q Z
B i 2 : Cho biu thc P =
1 x
x 1 x x
+
+
a) Rt gn biu thc sau P.
b) Tnh gi tr ca biu thc P khi x =
1
2
.
H ng dn :
a) KX : x > 0 ; x 1. Biu thc rt gn : P =
x
x

+
1
1
.
b) Vi x =
1
2
th P = - 3 2 2 .
B i 3 : Cho biu thc : A =
1
1
1
1
+

+
x
x
x
x x
a) Rt gn biu thc sau A.
b) Tnh gi tr ca biu thc A khi x =
4
1
c) Tm x A < 0.
d) Tm x
A
= A.
H ng dn :
a) KX : x 0, x 1. Biu thc rt gn : A =
1 x
x
.
b) Vi x =
4
1
th A = - 1.
c) Vi 0 x < 1 th A < 0.
d) Vi x > 1 th
A
= A.

B i 4 : Cho biu thc : A =
1 1 3
1
a 3 a 3 a
_ _
+

+ , ,

a) Rt gn biu thc sau A.
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 1
b) Xc nh a biu thc A >
2
1
.
H ng dn :
a) KX : a > 0 v a 9. Biu thc rt gn : A =
3
2
+ a
.
b) Vi 0 < a < 1 th biu thc A >
2
1
.
B i 5 : Cho biu thc: A =
2
2
x 1 x 1 x 4x 1 x 2003
.
x 1 x 1 x 1 x
_ + +
+

+
,
.
1) Tm iu kin i vi x biu thc c ngha.
2) Rt gn A.
3) Vi x

Z ? A

Z ?
H ng dn :
a) KX : x 0 ; x t 1.
b) Biu thc rt gn : A =
x
x 2003 +
vi x 0 ; x t 1.
c) x = - 2003 ; 2003 th A

Z .
B i 6 : Cho biu thc: A =
( )
2 x 2 x 1
x x 1 x x 1
:
x 1
x x x x
+
_
+




+
,
.
a) Rt gn A.
b) Tm x A < 0.
c) Tm x nguyn A c gi tr nguyn.
H ng dn :
a) KX : x > 0 ; x 1. Biu thc rt gn : A =
1
1

+
x
x
.
b) Vi 0 < x < 1 th A < 0.
c) x =
{ } 9 ; 4
th A Z.
B i 7 : Cho biu thc: A =
x 2 x 1 x 1
:
2
x x 1 x x 1 1 x
_
+
+ +


+ +
,
a) Rt gn biu thc A.
b) Chng minh rng: 0 < A < 2.
H ng dn :
a) KX : x > 0 ; x 1. Biu thc rt gn : A =
1
2
+ + x x
b) Ta xt hai trng hp :
+) A > 0
1
2
+ + x x
> 0 lun ng vi x > 0 ; x 1 (1)
+) A < 2
1
2
+ + x x
< 2 2( 1 + + x x ) > 2 x x + > 0 ng v theo gt th x > 0.
(2)
T (1) v (2) suy ra 0 < A < 2(pcm).
B i 8 : Cho biu thc: P =
a 3 a 1 4 a 4
4 a
a 2 a 2
+
+

+
(a 0; a 4)
a) Rt gn P.
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 2
b) Tnh gi tr ca P vi a = 9.
H ng dn :
a) KX : a 0, a 4. Biu thc rt gn : P =
2
4
a
b) Ta thy a = 9 KX . Suy ra P = 4
B i 9 : Cho biu thc: N =
a a a a
1 1
a 1 a 1
_ _
+
+


+
, ,

1) Rt gn biu thc N.
2) Tm gi tr ca a N = -2004.
H ng dn :
a) KX : a 0, a 1. Biu thc rt gn : N = 1 a .
b) Ta thy a = - 2004 KX . Suy ra N = 2005.
B i 10 : Cho biu thc
3 x
3 x
1 x
x 2
3 x 2 x
19 x 26 x x
P
+

+
+

a. Rt gn P.
b. Tnh gi tr ca P khi 3 4 7 x
c. Vi gi tr no ca x th P t gi tr nh nht v tnh gi tr nh nht .
H ng dn :
a ) KX : x 0, x 1. Biu thc rt gn :
3 x
16 x
P
+
+


b) Ta thy 3 4 7 x KX . Suy ra
22
3 3 103
P
+

c) P
min
=4 khi x=4.
B i 11 : Cho biu thc

,
_

,
_

+
+
+
1
3
2 2
:
9
3 3
3 3
2
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
P
a. Rt gn P. b. Tm x
2
1
P < c. Tm gi tr nh nht ca P.
H ng dn :
a. ) KX : x 0, x 9. Biu thc rt gn :
3 x
3
P
+


b. Vi 9 x 0 < th
2
1
P <
c. P
min
= -1 khi x = 0
Bi 12: Cho A=
1 1 1
4 .
1 1
a a
a a
a a a
_
+ _
+ +



+
,
,
vi x>0 ,x 1
a. Rt gn A
b. Tnh A vi a = ( ) ( )
( )
4 15 . 10 6 . 4 15 +
( KQ : A= 4a )
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 3
B i 13 : Cho A=
3 9 3 2
1 :
9 6 2 3
x x x x x
x x x x x
_ _

+


+ +
, ,
vi x0 , x 9, x 4 .
a. Rt gn A.
b. x= ? Th A < 1.
c. Tm x Z A Z
(KQ : A=
3
2 x
)
B i 14: Cho A =
15 11 3 2 2 3
2 3 1 3
x x x
x x x x
+
+
+ +
vi x0 , x 1.
a. Rt gn A.
b. Tm GTLN ca A.
c. Tm x A =
1
2
d. CMR : A
2
3
. (KQ: A =
2 5
3
x
x

+
)
B i 15: Cho A =
2 1 1
1 1 1
x x
x x x x x
+ +
+ +
+ +
vi x0 , x 1.
a . Rt gn A.
b. Tm GTLN ca A . ( KQ : A =
1
x
x x + +
)
B i 16: Cho A =
1 3 2
1 1 1 x x x x x
+
+ + +
vi x0 , x 1.
a . Rt gn A.
b. CMR : 0 1 A ( KQ : A =
1
x
x x +
)
B i 17: Cho A =
5 25 3 5
1 :
25 2 15 5 3
x x x x x
x x x x x
_ _
+
+


+ +
, ,
a. Rt gn A.
b. Tm x Z A Z
( KQ : A =
5
3 x +
)
B i 18: Cho A =
2 9 3 2 1
5 6 2 3
a a a
a a a a
+ +

+
vi a 0 , a 9 , a 4.
a. Rt gn A.
b. Tm a A < 1
c. Tm a Z A Z ( KQ : A =
1
3
a
a
+

)
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 4
B i 19: Cho A=
7 1 2 2 2
:
4 4 2 2 2
x x x x x
x x x x x
_ _
+ +
+


+
, ,
vi x > 0 , x 4.
a. Rt gn A.
b. So snh A vi
1
A
( KQ : A =
9
6
x
x
+
)
B i20: Cho A =
( )
2
3 3
:
x y xy
x y x y
y x x y x y
_ +


+
+
,
vi x0 , y0,
x y
a. Rt gn A.
b. CMR : A 0 ( KQ : A =
xy
x xy y +
)
B i 21 : Cho A =
1 1 1 1 1
.
1 1
x x x x x x
x
x x x x x x x
_
+ + _
+ +



+ +
,
,
Vi x > 0 , x 1.
a. Rt gn A.
b. Tm x A = 6 ( KQ : A =
( )
2 1 x x
x
+ +
)
B i 22 : Cho A =
( )
4 3 2
:
2 2
2
x x x
x x x
x x
_
_
+

+



,
,
vi x > 0 , x 4.
a. Rt gn A
b. Tnh A vi x = 6 2 5 (KQ: A = 1 x )
B i 23 : Cho A=
1 1 1 1 1
:
1 1 1 1 2 x x x x x
_ _
+ +

+ +
, ,
vi x > 0 , x 1.
a. Rt gn A
b. Tnh A vi x = 6 2 5 (KQ: A =
3
2 x
)
B i 24 : Cho A=
3
2 1 1 4
: 1
1 1
1
x x
x x x
x
_
+ + _




+ +
,

,
vi x0 , x 1.
a. Rt gn A.
b. Tm x Z A Z (KQ: A =
3
x
x
)
Bi 25: Cho A=
1 2 2 1 2
:
1 1 1 1
x
x x x x x x x
_
_




+ +
,
,
vi x0 , x 1.
a. Rt gn A.
b. Tm x Z A Z
c. Tm x A t GTNN . (KQ: A =
1
1
x
x

+
)
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 5
B i 26 : Cho A =
2 3 3 2 2
: 1
9 3 3 3
x x x x
x x x x
_ _
+
+


+
, ,
vi x0 , x 9
. a. Rt gn A.
b. Tm x A < -
1
2
( KQ : A =
3
3 a

+
)
B i 27 : Cho A =
1 1 8 3 1
:
1 1 1 1 1
x x x x x
x x x x x
_ _
+



+
, ,
vi x0 , x 1.
a. Rt gn A
b. Tnh A vi x = 6 2 5 (KQ: A =
4
4
x
x +
)
c . CMR : A 1
B i 28 : Cho A =
1 1 1
:
1 2 1
x
x x x x x
+ _
+

+
,
vi x > 0 , x 1.
a. Rt gn A (KQ: A =
1 x
x

)
b.So snh A vi 1
B i 29 : Cho A =
1 1 8 3 2
: 1
9 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
x x x
x x x x
_ _

+


+ +
, ,
Vi
1
0,
9
x x
a. Rt gn A.
b. Tm x A =
6
5
c. Tm x A < 1.
( KQ : A =
3 1
x x
x
+

)
B i30 : Cho A =
2
2 2 2 1
.
1 2 2 1
x x x x
x x x
_
+ +



+ +
,
vi x0 , x 1.
a. Rt gn A.
b. CMR nu 0 < x < 1 th A > 0
c. Tnh A khi x =3+2
2
d. Tm GTLN ca A (KQ: A = (1 ) x x )
B i 31 : Cho A =
2 1 1
:
2 1 1 1
x x x
x x x x x
_
+
+ +


+ +
,
vi x0 , x 1.

a. Rt gn A.
b. CMR nu x0 , x 1 th A > 0 , (KQ: A =
2
1 x x + +
)
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 6
B i 32 : Cho A =
4 1 2
1 :
1 1 1
x x
x x x
_
+

+
,
vi x > 0 , x 1, x 4.
a. Rt gn
b. Tm x A =
1
2
B i 33 : Cho A =
1 2 3 3 2
:
1 1 1 1
x x x x
x x x x
_
+ + _
+



+
,
,
vi x0 , x 1.
a. Rt gn A.
b. Tnh A khi x= 0,36
c. Tm x Z A Z
B i 34 : Cho A=
3 2 2
1 :
1 2 3 5 6
x x x x
x x x x x
_ _
+ + +
+ +


+ +
, ,
vi x 0 , x 9 , x 4.
a. Rt gn A.
b. Tm x Z A Z
c. Tm x A < 0 (KQ: A =
2
1
x
x

+
)
CHUYN II: HM S BC NHT
B i 1 :
1) Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua hai im (1 ; 2) v (-1 ; -4).
2) Tm to giao im ca ng thng trn vi trc tung v trc honh.
H ng dn :
1) Gi pt ng thng cn tm c dng : y = ax + b.
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 7
Do ng thng i qua hai im (1 ; 2) v (-1 ; -4) ta c h pt :

'

+
+
b a
b a
4
2

'

1
3
b
a
Vy pt ng thng cn tm l y = 3x 1
2) th ct trc tung ti im c tung bng -1 ; th ct trc honh ti im c honh
bng
3
1
.
B i 2 : Cho hm s y = (m 2)x + m + 3.
1) Tm iu kin ca m hm s lun nghch bin.
2) Tm m th ca hm s ct trc honh ti im c honh bng 3.
3) Tm m th ca hm s trn v cc th ca cc hm s y = -x + 2 ; y = 2x 1 ng
quy.
H ng dn :
1) Hm s y = (m 2)x + m + 3 m 2 < 0 m < 2.
2) Do th ca hm s ct trc honh ti im c honh bng 3. Suy ra : x= 3 ; y = 0
Thay x= 3 ; y = 0 vo hm s y = (m 2)x + m + 3, ta c m =
4
3
.
3) Giao im ca hai th y = -x + 2 ; y = 2x 1 l nghim ca h pt :

'


+
1 2
2
x y
x y
(x;y) = (1;1).
3 th y = (m 2)x + m + 3, y = -x + 2 v y = 2x 1 ng quy cn :
(x;y) = (1;1) l nghim ca pt : y = (m 2)x + m + 3.
Vi (x;y) = (1;1) m =
2
1
B i 3 : Cho hm s y = (m 1)x + m + 3.
1) Tm gi tr ca m th ca hm s song song vi th hm s y = -2x + 1.
2) Tm gi tr ca m th ca hm s i qua im (1 ; -4).
3) Tm im c nh m th ca hm s lun i qua vi mi m.
H ng dn :
1) hai th ca hm s song song vi nhau cn : m 1 = - 2 m = -1.
Vy vi m = -1 th ca hm s song song vi th hm s y = -2x + 1.
2) Thay (x;y) = (1 ; -4) vo pt : y = (m 1)x + m + 3. Ta c : m = -3.
Vy vi m = -3 th th ca hm s i qua im (1 ; -4).
3) Gi im c nh m th lun i qua l M(x
0 ;y
0
). Ta c
y
0
= (m 1)x
0
+ m + 3 (x
0
1)m - x
0
- y
0
+ 3 = 0

'

2
1
0
0
y
x
Vy vi mi m th th lun i qua im c nh (1;2).
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 8
B i 4 : Cho hai im A(1 ; 1), B(2 ; -1).
1) Vit phng trnh ng thng AB.
2) Tm cc gi tr ca m ng thng y = (m
2
3m)x + m
2
2m + 2 song song vi ng thng
AB ng thi i qua im C(0 ; 2).
Hng dn :
1) Gi pt ng thng AB c dng : y = ax + b.
Do ng thng i qua hai im (1 ; 1) v (2 ;-1) ta c h pt :

'

+
+
b a
b a
2 1
1

'

3
2
b
a
Vy pt ng thng cn tm l y = - 2x + 3.
2) ng thng y = (m
2
3m)x + m
2
2m + 2 song song vi ng thng AB ng thi i qua
im C(0 ; 2) ta cn :

'

+

2 2 2
2 3
2
2
m m
m m
m = 2.
Vy m = 2 th ng thng y = (m
2
3m)x + m
2
2m + 2 song song vi ng thng AB ng
thi i qua im C(0 ; 2)
B i 5 : Cho hm s y = (2m 1)x + m 3.
1) Tm m th ca hm s i qua im (2; 5)
2) Chng minh rng th ca hm s lun i qua mt im c nh vi
mi m. Tm im c nh y.
3) Tm m th ca hm s ct trc honh ti im c honh x =
2 1
.
H ng dn :
1) m = 2.
2) Gi im c nh m th lun i qua l M(x
0 ;y
0
). Ta c
y
0
= (2m 1)x
0
+ m - 3 (2x
0
+ 1)m - x
0
- y
0
- 3 = 0

'

2
5
2
1
0
0
y
x
Vy vi mi m th th lun i qua im c nh (
2
5
;
2
1
).
B i 6 : Tm gi tr ca k cc ng thng sau :
y =
6 x
4

; y =
4x 5
3

v y = kx + k + 1 ct nhau ti mt im.
B i 7 : Gi s ng thng (d) c phng trnh y = ax + b. Xc nh a, b (d) i qua hai im
A(1; 3) v B(-3; -1).
B i 8 : Cho hm s : y = x + m (D).
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 9
Tm cc gi tr ca m ng thng (D) :
1) i qua im A(1; 2003).
2) Song song vi ng thng x y + 3 = 0.
CHUYN III:
PHNG TRNH BT PHNG TRNH BC NHT MT N
H PHNG TRNH BC NHT 2 N .
A. KIN THC CN NH :
1. Phng trnh bc nht : ax + b = 0.
Ph ng php gii :
+ Nu a 0 phng trnh c nghim duy nht : x =
b
a
.
+ Nu a = 0 v b 0 phng trnh v nghim.
+ Nu a = 0 v b = 0 phng trnh c v s nghim.
2. H phng trnh bc nht hai n :

'

+
+
c ' y b ' x a '
c b y a x
Ph ng php gii :
S dng mt trong cc cch sau :
+) Phng php th : T mt trong hai phng trnh rt ra mt n theo n kia , th vo phng
trnh th 2 ta c phng trnh bc nht 1 n.
+) Phng php cng i s :
- Quy ng h s mt n no (lm cho mt n no ca h c h s bng nhau hoc i
nhau).
- Tr hoc cng v vi v kh n .
- Gii ra mt n, suy ra n th hai.
B. V d minh ha :
V d 1 : Gii cc phng trnh sau y :
a)
2
2 x
x

1 - x
x

+
+
S : KX : x 1 ; x - 2. S =
{ } 4
.
b)
1 x x
1 - 2x
3
3
+ +
= 2
Gii : KX :
1 x x
3
+ +
0. (*)
Khi :
1 x x
1 - 2x
3
3
+ +
= 2 2x = - 3 x =
2
3
Vi x =
2
3
thay vo (* ) ta c (
2
3
)
3
+
2
3
+ 1 0
Vy x =
2
3
l nghim.
V d 2 : Gii v bin lun phng trnh theo m :
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 10
(m 2)x + m
2
4 = 0 (1)
+ Nu m 2 th (1) x = - (m + 2).
+ Nu m = 2 th (1) v nghim.
V d 3 : Tm m Z phng trnh sau y c nghim nguyn .
(2m 3)x + 2m
2
+ m - 2 = 0.
Gi i :
Ta c : vi m Z th 2m 3 0 , vy phng trnh c nghim : x = - (m + 2) -
3 - m 2
4
.
pt c nghim nguyn th 4 2m 3 .
Gii ra ta c m = 2, m = 1.
V d 3 : Tm nghim nguyn dng ca phng trnh : 7x + 4y = 23.
Gi i :
a) Ta c : 7x + 4y = 23 y =
4
7x - 23
= 6 2x +
4
1 x
V y Z x 1 4.
Gii ra ta c x = 1 v y = 4
BI TP PHN H PT
B i 1 : Gii h phng trnh:
a)
2x 3y 5
3x 4y 2

'
+

b)
x 4y 6
4x 3y 5
+
'

c)
2x y 3
5 y 4x

'
+

d)
x y 1
x y 5

'
+

e)
2x 4 0
4x 2y 3
+
'
+

f)
2 5
2
x x y
3 1
1,7
x x y

'


B i 2 : Cho h phng trnh :
mx y 2
x my 1

'
+

1) Gii h phng trnh theo tham s m.


2) Gi nghim ca h phng trnh l (x, y). Tm cc gi tr ca m x + y = -1.
3) Tm ng thc lin h gia x v y khng ph thuc vo m.
B i 3 : Cho h phng trnh:
x 2y 3 m
2x y 3(m 2)

'
+ +

1) Gii h phng trnh khi thay m = -1.


2) Gi nghim ca h phng trnh l (x, y). Tm m x
2
+ y
2
t gi tr
nh nht.
B i 4 : Cho h phng trnh:
(a 1)x y a
x (a 1)y 2
+
'
+

c nghim duy nht l (x; y).


1) Tm ng thc lin h gia x v y khng ph thuc vo a.
2) Tm cc gi tr ca a tho mn 6x
2
17y = 5.
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 11
3) Tm cc gi tr nguyn ca a biu thc
2x 5y
x y

+
nhn gi tr nguyn.
B i 5 : Cho h phng trnh:
x ay 1
(1)
ax y 2
+
'
+

1) Gii h (1) khi a = 2.


2) Vi gi tr no ca a th h c nghim duy nht.
B i 6 : Xc nh cc h s m v n, bit rng h phng trnh
mx y n
nx my 1

'
+


c nghim l ( )
1; 3
.
B i 7 : Cho h phng trnh
( ) a 1 x y 4
ax y 2a
+ +

'
+

(a l tham s).
1) Gii h khi a = 1.
2) Chng minh rng vi mi a h lun c nghim duy nht (x ; y) tho mn x + y 2.
B i 8 (trang 22): Cho h phng trnh :

'

+
+
1 - m 4 y 2 ) x - ( m
0 3 ) y ( m - x
(m l tham s).
a) Gii h khi m = -1.
b) Gii v bin lun pt theo m.
B i 9 : (trang 24): Cho h phng trnh :

'

1 m 4 y m x
0 y m - x
(m l tham s).
a) Gii h khi m = -1.
b) Tm gi tr nguyn ca m h c hai nghim nguyn.
c) Xc nh mi h c nghim x > 0, y > 0.
B i 10 (trang 23): Mt t v mt xe p chuyn ng i t 2 u mt on ng sau 3 gi th
gp nhau. Nu i cng chiu v xut pht ti mt im th sau 1 gi hai xe cch nhau 28 km. Tnh
vn tc ca mi xe.
HD : Vn tc xe p : 12 km/h . Vn tc t : 40 km/h.
B i 11 : (trang 24): Mt t i t A d nh n B lc 12 gi tra. Nu xe chy vi vn tc 35
km/h th s n B lc 2 gi chiu. Nu xe chy vi vn tc 50 km/h th s n B lc 11 gi tra.
Tnh qung ng AB v thi dim xut pht ti A.
p s : AB = 350 km, xut pht ti A lc 4gi sng.
B i 12 : (trang 24): Hai vi nc cng chy vo mt ci b nc cn, sau
5
4
4
gi th y b.
Nu lc u ch m vi th nht, sau 9 gi m vi th hai th sau
5
6
gi na mi nay b . Nu
mt mnh vi th hai chy bao lu s nay b.
p s : 8 gi.
B i 13 : (trang 24): Bit rng m gam kg nc gim t
0
C th ta nhit lng Q = mt (kcal). Hi
phi dng bao nhiu lt 100
0
C v bao nhiu lt 20
0
C c hn hp 10 lt 40
0
C.
Hng dn :
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 12
Ta c h pt :

'

+
+
4 0 0 2 0 y 1 0 0 x
1 0 y x

'

7 , 5 y
2 , 5 x
Vy cn 2,5 lt nc si v 75 lt nc 20
0
C.
B i 14 : Khi thm 200g axt vo dung dch axt th dung dch mi c nng 50%. Li thm
300g nc vo dung dch mi c dung dch axt c nng 40%. Tnh nng axt trong dung
dch ban u.
Hng dn :Gi x khi axit ban u, y l khi lng dung dch ban u.
Theo bi ra ta c h pt :

'

+
+

+
+
% 4 0 % 1 0 0 .
5 0 0 y
2 0 0 ) (
% 5 0 % 1 0 0 .
2 0 0 y
2 0 0 ) (
x
x

'

1 0 0 0 y
4 0 0 x

Vy nng phn trm ca dung dch axt ban u l 40%.
CHUYN IV: PHNG TRNH BC HAI
NH L VIET V NG DNG
A.Kin thc cn ghi nh
1. bin lun s c nghim ca phng trnh : ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 (1) trong a,b ,c ph
thuc tham s m,ta xt 2 trng hp
a)Nu a= 0 khi ta tm c mt vi gi tr no ca m ,thay gi tr vo
(1).Phng trnh (1) tr thnh phng trnh bc nht nn c th : - C mt nghim duy
nht
- hoc v nghim
- hoc v s nghim
b)Nu a 0
Lp bit s = b
2
4ac hoc
/
= b
/2
ac
* < 0 (
/
< 0 ) th phng trnh (1) v nghim
* = 0 (
/
= 0 ) : phng trnh (1) c nghim kp x1,2 = -
a
b
2
(hoc x1,2 = -
a
b
/
)
* > 0 (
/
> 0 ) : phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim phn bit:
x1 =
a
b
2

; x2 =
a
b
2
+
(hoc x1 =
a
b
/ /

; x2 =
a
b
/ /
+
)
2. nh l Vit.
Nu x1 , x2 l nghim ca phng trnh ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 (a 0) th
S = x1 + x2 = -
a
b
p = x1x2 =
a
c
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 13
o li: Nu c hai s x1,x2 m x1 + x2 = S v x1x2 = p th hai s l nghim (nu c )
ca phng trnh bc 2:
x
2
S x + p = 0
3. Du ca nghim s ca phng trnh bc hai.
Cho phng trnh bc hai ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 (a 0) . Gi x
1
,x
2
l cc nghim ca phng
trnh .Ta c cc kt qu sau:
x
1
v x
2
tri du( x
1
< 0 < x
2
) p < 0
Hai nghim cng dng( x
1
> 0 v x
2
> 0 )

'

>
>

0
0
0
S
p
Hai nghim cng m (x
1
< 0 v x
2
< 0)

'

<
>

0
0
0
S
p
Mt nghim bng 0 v 1 nghim dng( x
2
> x
1
= 0)

'

>

>
0
0
0
S
p
Mt nghim bng 0 v 1 nghim m (x
1
< x
2
= 0)

'

<

>
0
0
0
S
p
4. Vi bi ton ng dng nh l Vit
a)Tnh nhm nghim.
Xt phng trnh bc hai: ax
2
+ bx + c = 0 (a 0)
Nu a + b + c = 0 th phng trnh c hai nghim x
1
= 1 , x
2
=
a
c
Nu a b + c = 0 th phng trnh c hai nghim x
1
= -1 , x
2
= -
a
c
Nu x
1
+ x
2
= m +n , x
1
x
2
= mn v
0
th phng trnh c nghim
x
1
= m , x
2
= n hoc x
1
= n , x
2
= m
b) Lp phng trnh bc hai khi bit hai nghim x
1
,x
2
ca n
Cch lm : - Lp tng S = x
1
+ x
2

- Lp tch p = x
1
x
2
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 14
- Phng trnh cn tm l : x
2
S x + p = 0
c)Tm iu kin ca tham s phng trnh bc 2 c nghm x
1
, x
2
tho mn iu kin cho
trc.(Cc iu kin cho trc thng gp v cch bin i):
*) x
1
2
+ x
2
2
= (x
1
+ x
2
)
2
2x
1
x
2
= S
2
2p
*) (x
1
x
2
)
2
= (x
1
+ x
2
)
2
4x
1
x
2
= S
2
4p
*) x
1
3
+ x
2
3
= (x
1
+ x
2
)
3
3x
1
x
2
(x
1
+ x
2
) = S
3
3Sp
*) x
1
4
+ x
2
4
= (x
1
2
+ x
2
2
)
2
2x
1
2
x
2
2
*)
2 1
2 1
2 1
1 1
x x
x x
x x
+
+
=
p
S
*)
2 1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
x x
x x
x
x
x
x +
+ =
p
p S 2
2

*) (x
1
a)( x
2
a) = x
1
x
2
a(x
1
+ x
2
) + a
2
= p aS + a
2
*)
2
2 1
2 1
2 1
2
) )( (
2 1 1
a aS p
a S
a x a x
a x x
a x a x +

(Ch : cc gi tr ca tham s rt ra t iu kin cho trc phi tho mn iu kin 0 )


d)Tm iu kin ca tham s phng trnh bc hai c mt nghim x = x
1
cho trc .Tm
nghim th 2
Cch gii:
Tm iu kin phng trnh c nghim x= x
1
cho trc c hai cch lm
+) Cch 1:- Lp iu kin phng trnh bc 2 cho c 2 nghim:
0 (hoc 0
/
) (*)
- Thay x = x
1
vo phng trnh cho ,tm c gi tr ca
tham s
- i chiu gi tr va tm c ca tham s vi iu kin(*)
kt lun
+) Cch 2: - Khng cn lp iu kin 0 (hoc 0
/
) m ta thay lun
x = x
1
vo phng trnh cho, tm c gi tr ca tham s
- Sau thay gi tr tm c ca tham s vo phng trnh v
gii phng trnh
Ch : Nu sau khi thay gi tr ca tham s vo phng trnh cho m phng trnh bc hai
ny c < 0 th kt lun khng c gi tr no ca tham s phng trnh c nghim x
1
cho
trc.
tm nghim th 2 ta c 3 cch lm
+) Cch 1: Thay gi tr ca tham s tm c vo phng trnh ri gii phng trnh (nh cch
2 trnh by trn)
+) Cch 2 :Thay gi tr ca tham s tm c vo cng thc tng 2 nghim s tm c
nghim th 2
+) Cch 3: thay gi tr ca tham s tm c vo cng thc tch hai nghim ,t tm c
nghim th 2
B . B I TP P DNG
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 15
Bi 1: Gii v bin lun phng trnh : x
2
2(m + 1) +2m+10 = 0
Gi i.
Ta c
/

= (m + 1)
2
2m + 10 = m
2
9
+ Nu
/

> 0 m
2
9 > 0 m < - 3 hoc m > 3 .Phng trnh cho c 2 nghim phn
bit:
x
1

= m + 1 - 9
2
m x
2
= m + 1 + 9
2
m
+ Nu
/

= 0 m = t3
- Vi m =3 th phng trnh c nghim l x
1.2
= 4
- Vi m = -3 th phng trnh c nghim l x
1.2
= -2
+ Nu
/

< 0 -3 < m < 3 th phng trnh v nghim


Kt kun:
Vi m = 3 th phng trnh c nghim x = 4
Vi m = - 3 th phng trnh c nghim x = -2
Vi m < - 3 hoc m > 3 th phng trnh c 2 nghim phn bit

x
1

= m + 1 - 9
2
m x
2
= m + 1 + 9
2
m
Vi -3< m < 3 th phng trnh v nghim
Bi 2: Gii v bin lun phng trnh: (m- 3) x
2
2mx + m 6 = 0
Hng dn
Nu m 3 = 0

m = 3 th phng trnh cho c dng


- 6x 3 = 0 x = -
2
1
* Nu m 3 0 m 3 .Phng trnh cho l phng trnh bc hai c bit s
/

= m
2
(m 3)(m 6) = 9m 18
- Nu
/

= 0 9m 18 = 0 m = 2 .phng trnh c nghim kp


x
1
= x
2
= -
3 2
2
/

a
b
= - 2
- Nu
/

> 0 m >2 .Phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit


x
1,2
=
3
2 3

t
m
m m
- Nu
/

< 0 m < 2 .Phng trnh v nghim


Kt lun:
Vi m = 3 phng trnh c nghim x = -
2
1
Vi m = 2 phng trnh c nghim x
1
= x
2
= -2
Vi m > 2 v m 3 phng trnh c nghim x
1,2
=
3
2 3

t
m
m m
Vi m < 2 phng trnh v nghim
B i 3 : Gii cc phng trnh sau bng cch nhm nhanh nht
a) 2x
2
+ 2007x 2009 = 0
b) 17x
2
+ 221x + 204 = 0
c) x
2
+ ( 5 3 )x - 15 = 0
d) x
2
(3 - 2 7 )x - 6 7 = 0
Gi i
a) 2x
2
+ 2007x 2009 = 0 c a + b + c = 2 + 2007 +(-2009) = 0
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 16
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit: x
1
= 1 , x
2
=
2
2009

a
c
b) 17x
2
+ 221x + 204 = 0 c a b + c = 17 221 + 204 = 0
Vy phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit: x
1
= -1 ,
x
2

= -
17
204

a
c
= - 12
c) x
2
+ ( 5 3 )x - 15 = 0 c: ac = - 15 < 0 .
Do phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
.p dng h thc Viet ta c :
x
1
+ x
2
= -( 5 3 ) = - 3 + 5
x
1
x
2
= - 15 = (- 3 ) 5
Vy phng trnh c 2 nghim l x
1
= - 3 , x
2
= 5
(hoc x
1
= 5 , x
2
= - 3 )
d ) x
2
(3 - 2 7 )x - 6 7 = 0 c : ac = - 6 7 < 0
Do phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
.p dng h thc Vit ,ta c

'


+
) 7 3 ( - 2 7 6 - x x
7 2 - 3 x x
2 1
2 1

Vy phng trnh c 2 nghim x
1
= 3 , x
2
= - 2 7
B i 4 : Gii cc phng trnh sau bng cnh nhm nhanh nht (m l tham s)
a) x
2
+ (3m 5)x 3m + 4 = 0
b) (m 3)x
2
(m + 1)x 2m + 2 = 0
Hng dn :
a) x
2
+ (3m 5)x 3m + 4 = 0 c a + b + c = 1 + 3m 5 3m + 4 = 0
Suy ra : x
1
= 2
Hoc x
2
=
3
1 + m
b) (m 3)x
2
(m + 1)x 2m + 2 = 0 (*)
* m- 3 = 0 m = 3 (*) tr thnh 4x 4 = 0 x = - 1
* m 3 0 m 3 (*)

3
2 2
1
2
1
m
m
x
x

B i 5 : Gi x
1
, x
2
l cc nghm ca phng trnh : x
2
3x 7 = 0
a) Tnh:
A = x
1
2
+ x
2
2
B = 2 1
x x
C=
1
1
1
1
2 1

+
x x
D = (3x
1
+ x
2
)(3x
2
+ x
1
)
b) lp phng trnh bc 2 c cc nghim l
1
1
1
x
v
1
1
2
x
Gi i ;
Phng trnh bc hai x
2
3x 7 = 0 c tch ac = - 7 < 0 , suy ra phng trnh c hai nghim
phn bit x
1
, x
2
.
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 17
Theo h thc Vit ,ta c : S = x
1
+ x
2
= 3 v p = x
1
x
2
= -7
a)Ta c
+ A = x
1
2
+ x
2
2
= (x
1
+ x
2
)
2
2x
1
x
2
= S
2
2p = 9 2(-7) = 23
+ (x
1
x
2
)
2
= S
2
4p => B = 2 1
x x
= 37 4
2
p S
+ C =
1
1
1
1
2 1

+
x x
=
9
1
1
2
) 1 )( 1 (
2 ) (
2 1
2 1

+


+
S p
S
x x
x x

+ D = (3x
1
+ x
2
)(3x
2
+ x
1
) = 9x
1
x
2
+ 3(x
1
2
+ x
2
2
) + x
1
x
2

= 10x
1
x
2
+ 3 (x
1
2
+ x
2
2
)
= 10p + 3(S
2
2p) = 3S
2
+ 4p = - 1
b)Ta c :
S =
9
1
1
1
1
1
2 1

+
x x
(theo cu a)
p =
9
1
1
1
) 1 )( 1 (
1
2 1

+

S p x x
Vy
1
1
1
x
v
1
1
2
x
l nghim ca hng trnh :
X
2
SX + p = 0 X
2
+
9
1
X -
9
1
= 0 9X
2
+ X - 1 = 0
B i 6 : Cho phng trnh :
x
2
( k 1)x - k
2
+ k 2 = 0 (1) (k l tham s)
1. Chng minh phng trnh (1 ) lun c hai nghim phn bit vi mi gi tr ca k
2. Tm nhng gi tr ca k phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim phn bit tri du
3. Gi x
1
, x
2
l nghm ca phng trnh (1) .Tm k : x
1
3
+ x
2
3
> 0
Gi i .
1. Phng trnh (1) l phng trnh bc hai c:
= (k -1)
2
4(- k
2
+ k 2) = 5k
2
6k + 9 = 5(k
2
-
5
6
k +
5
9
)
= 5(k
2
2.
5
3
k +
25
9
+
25
36
) = 5(k -
5
3
) +
5
36
> 0 vi mi gi tr ca k. Vy phng
trnh (1) lun c hai nghim phn bit
2. Phng trnh (1) c hai nghim phn bit tri du p < 0
- k
2
+ k 2 < 0 - ( k
2
2.
2
1
k +
4
1
+
4
7
) < 0
-(k -
2
1
)
2

-
4
7
< 0 lun ng vi mi k.Vy phng trnh (1) c hai nghim phn bit tri
du vi mi k
3. Ta c x
1
3
+ x
2
3
= (x
1
+ x
2
)
3
3x
1
x
2
(x
1
+ x
2
)
V phng trnh c nghim vi mi k .Theo h thc vit ta c
x
1
+ x
2
= k 1 v x
1
x
2
= - k
2
+ k 2
x
1
3
+ x
2
3
= (k 1)
3
3(- k
2
+ k 2)( k 1)
= (k 1) [(k 1)
2
- 3(- k
2
+ k 2)]
= (k 1) (4k
2
5k + 7)
= (k 1)[(2k -
4
5
)
2
+
16
87
]
Do x
1
3
+ x
2
3
> 0 (k 1)[(2k -
4
5
)
2
+
16
87
] > 0
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 18
k 1 > 0 ( v (2k -
4
5
)
2
+
16
87
> 0 vi mi k)
k > 1
Vy k > 1 l gi tr cn tm
B i 7:
Cho phng trnh : x
2
2( m + 1) x + m 4 = 0 (1) (m l tham s)
1. Gii phng trnh (1) vi m = -5
2. Chng minh rng phng trnh (1) lun c hai nghim x
1
, x
2
phn bit vi mi m
3. Tm m 2 1
x x
t gi tr nh nht (x
1
, x
2

l hao nghim ca phng trnh (1) ni
trong phn 2.)
Gi i
1. Vi m = - 5 phng trnh (1) tr thnh x
2
+ 8x 9 = 0 v c 2 nghim l x
1
= 1 , x
2
= - 9
2. C
/

= (m + 1)
2
(m 4) = m
2
+ 2m + 1 m + 4 = m
2
+ m + 5
= m
2
+ 2.m.
2
1
+
4
1
+
4
19
= (m +
2
1
)
2
+
4
19
> 0 vi mi m
Vy phng trnh (1) lun c 2 nghim phn bit x
1
, x
2
3. V phng trnh c nghim vi mi m ,theo h thc Vit ta c:
x
1
+ x
2
= 2( m + 1) v x
1
x
2
= m 4
Ta c (x
1
x
2
)
2
= (x
1
+ x
2
)
2
4x
1
x
2
= 4( m + 1)
2
4 (m 4)
= 4m
2
+ 4m + 20 = 4(m
2
+ m + 5) = 4[(m +
2
1
)
2
+
4
19
]
=> 2 1
x x
= 2
4
19
)
2
1
(
2
+ + m
4
19
2 = 19 khi m +
2
1
= 0 m = -
2
1
Vy 2 1
x x
t gi tr nh nht bng 19 khi m = -
2
1
B i 8 : Cho phng trnh (m + 2) x
2
+ (1 2m)x + m 3 = 0 (m l tham s)
1) Gii phng trnh khi m = -
2
9
2) Chng minh rng phng trnh cho c nghim vi mi m
3) Tm tt c cc gi tr ca m sao cho phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit v
nghim ny gp ba ln nghim kia.
Gi i:
1) Thay m = -
2
9
vo phng trnh cho v thu gn ta c
5x
2
- 20 x + 15 = 0
phng trnh c hai nghim x
1
= 1 , x
2
= 3
2) + Nu: m + 2 = 0 => m = - 2 khi phng trnh cho tr thnh;
5x 5 = 0 x = 1
+ Nu : m + 2 0 => m - 2 .Khi phng trnh cho l phng trnh bc hai c
bit s :
= (1 2m)
2
- 4(m + 2)( m 3) = 1 4m + 4m
2
4(m
2
- m 6) = 25 > 0
Do phng trnh c hai nghim phn bit
x
1
=
) 2 ( 2
5 1 2
+
+
m
m
=
1
4 2
4 2

+
+
m
m
x
2
=
2
3
) 2 ( 2
) 3 ( 2
) 2 ( 2
5 1 2
+

+

m
m
m
m
m
m
Tm li phng trnh cho lun c nghim vi mi m
3)Theo cu 2 ta c m - 2 th phng trnh cho c hai nghim phn bit. nghim ny
gp 3 ln nghim kia ta st 2 trng hp
Trng hp 1 : 3x
1
= x
2
3 =
2
3
+

m
m
gii ra ta c m = -
2
9
( gii cu 1)
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 19
Trng hp 2: x
1
= 3x
2
1= 3.
2
3
+

m
m
m + 2 = 3m 9 m =
2
11
(tho mn iu
kin m - 2)
Kim tra li: Thay m =
2
11
vo phng trnh cho ta c phng trnh :
15x
2
20x + 5 = 0 phng trnh ny c hai nghim
x
1
= 1 , x
2

=
15
5
=
3
1
(tho mn u bi)
B i 9: Cho phng trnh : mx
2
2(m-2)x + m 3 = 0 (1) vi m l tham s .
1. Bin lun theo m s c nghim ca phng trnh (1)
2. Tm m (1) c 2 nghim tri du.
3. Tm m (1) c mt nghim bng 3. Tm nghim th hai.
Gi i
1.+ Nu m = 0 thay vo (1) ta c : 4x 3 = 0 x =
4
3
+ Nu m 0 .Lp bit s
/

= (m 2)
2
m(m-3)
= m
2
- 4m + 4 m
2
+ 3m
= - m + 4
/

< 0 - m + 4 < 0 m > 4 : (1) v nghim


/

= 0 - m + 4 = 0 m = 4 : (1) c nghim kp
x
1
= x
2
= -
2
1
2
2 4 2
/

m
m
a
b
/

> 0 - m + 4 > 0 m < 4: (1) c 2 nghim phn bit


x
1
=
m
m m 4 2 +
; x
2
=
m
m m 4 2 + +
Vy : m > 4 : phng trnh (1) v nghim
m = 4 : phng trnh (1) C nghim kp x =
2
1
0 m < 4 : phng trnh (1) c hai nghim phn bit:

x
1
=
m
m m 4 2 +
; x
2
=
m
m m 4 2 + +
m = 0 : Phng trnh (1) c nghim n x =
4
3
2. (1) c nghim tri du
a
c
< 0
m
m 3
< 0
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 20

'

>
<

'

<
>
0
0 3
0
0 3
m
m
m
m

'

>
<

'

<
>
0
3
0
3
m
m
m
m
Trng hp

'

<
>
0
3
m
m
khng tho mn
Trng hp

'

>
<
0
3
m
m
0 < m < 3
3. *)Cch 1: Lp iu kin phng trnh (1) c hai nghim
/

0 0 m 4 (*) ( cu a c)
- Thay x = 3 vo phng trnh (1) ta c :
9m 6(m 2) + m -3 = 0 4m = -9 m = -
4
9
- i chiu vi iu kin (*), gi tr m = -
4
9
tho mn
*) Cch 2: Khng cn lp iu kin
/

0 m thay x = 3 vo (1) tm c m = -
4
9
.Sau
thay m = -
4
9
vo phng trnh (1) :
-
4
9
x
2
2(-
4
9
- 2)x -
4
9
- 3 = 0 -9x
2
+34x 21 = 0
c
/

= 289 189 = 100 > 0 =>

9
7
3
2
1
x
x
Vy vi m = -
4
9
th phng trnh (1) c mt nghim x= 3
*) tm nghim th 2 ,ta c 3 cch lm
Cch 1: Thay m = -
4
9
vo phng trnh cho ri gii phng trnh tm c x
2
=
9
7

(Nh phn trn lm)
Cch 2: Thay m = -
4
9
vo cng thc tnh tng 2 nghim:
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 21
x
1
+ x
2
=
9
34
4
9
) 2
4
9
( 2
) 2 ( 2

m
m
x
2
=
9
34
- x
1
=
9
34
- 3 =
9
7
Cch 3: Thay m = -
4
9
vo cng trc tnh tch hai nghim
x
1
x
2
=
9
21
4
9
3
4
9
3

m
m
=> x
2
=
9
21
: x
1
=
9
21
: 3 =
9
7
B i 10: Cho phng trnh : x
2
+ 2kx + 2 5k = 0 (1) vi k l tham s
1.Tm k phng trnh (1) c nghim kp
2. Tim k phng trnh (1) c 2 nghim x
1
, x
2
tho mn iu kin :
x
1
2
+ x
2
2
= 10
Gi i.
1.Phng trnh (1) c nghim kp
/

= 0 k
2
(2 5k) = 0
k
2
+ 5k 2 = 0 ( c = 25 + 8 = 33 > 0 )
k
1
=
2
33 5
; k
2
=
2
33 5 +
Vy c 2 gi tr k
1
=
2
33 5
hoc k
2
=
2
33 5 +
th phng trnh (1) C nghim kp.
2.C 2 cch gii.
Cch 1: Lp iu kin phng trnh (1) c nghim:
/

0 k
2
+ 5k 2 0 (*)
Ta c x
1
2
+ x
2
2
= (x
1
+ x
2
)
2
2x
1
x
2

Theo bi ra ta c (x
1
+ x
2
)
2
2x
1
x
2
= 10
Vi iu kin(*) , p dng h trc vi t: x
1
+ x
2
= -

a
b
- 2k v x
1
x
2
= 2 5k
Vy (-2k)
2
2(2 5k) = 10 2k
2
+ 5k 7 = 0
(C a + b + c = 2+ 5 7 = 0 ) => k
1
= 1 , k
2
= -
2
7
i chiu vi iu kin (*) ta thay ln lt k
1
, k
2
vo
/

= k
2
+ 5k 2
+ k
1
= 1 =>
/

= 1 + 5 2 = 4 > 0 ; tho mn
+ k
2
= -
2
7
=>
/

=
8
29
4
8 70 49
2
2
35
4
49



khng tho mn
Vy k = 1 l gi tr cn tm
Cch 2 : Khng cn lp iu kin
/

0 .Cch gii l:
T iu kin x
1
2
+ x
2
2
= 10 ta tm c k
1
= 1 ; k
2
= -
2
7
(cch tm nh trn)
Thay ln lt k
1
, k
2
vo phng trnh (1)
+ Vi k
1
= 1 : (1) => x
2
+ 2x 3 = 0 c x
1
= 1 , x
2
= 3
+ Vi k
2
= -
2
7
(1) => x
2
- 7x +
2
39
= 0 (c = 49 -78 = - 29 < 0 ) .Phng trnh v nghim
Vy k = 1 l gi tr cn tm
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 22
B I TP V PT BC HAI
B i 1 : Cho phng trnh : x
2
6x + 1 = 0, gi x
1
v x
2
l hai nghim ca phng trnh. Khng
gii phng trnh, hy tnh:
1) x
1
2
+ x
2
2
2)
1 1 2 2
x x x x +
3)
( )
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 1 x 1 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2
x x x x x x
x x 1 x x 1
+ + +
+
.
B i 2 : Cho phng trnh: 2x
2
5x + 1 = 0.
Tnh
1 2 2 1
x x x x + (vi x
1
, x
2
l hai nghim ca phng trnh).
B i 3 : Cho phng trnh bc hai:
x
2
2(m + 1)x + m
2
+ 3m + 2 = 0
1) Tm cc gi tr ca m phng trnh lun c hai nghim phn bit.
2) Tm gi tr ca m tho mn x
1
2
+ x
2
2
= 12 (trong x
1
, x
2
l hai nghim ca phng trnh).
B i 4 : Cho phng trnh:
x
2
2mx + 2m 5 = 0.
1) Chng minh rng phng trnh lun c hai nghim phn bit vi mi m.
2) Tm iu kin ca m phng trnh c hai nghim tri du.
3) Gi hai nghim ca phng trnh l x
1
v x
2
, tm cc gi tr ca m :
x
1
2
(1 x
2
2
) + x
2
2
(1 x
1
2
) = -8.
B i 5 : Cho phng trnh:
x
2
2(m + 1)x + 2m 15 = 0.
1) Gii phng trnh vi m = 0.
2) Gi hai nghim ca phng trnh l x
1
v x
2
. Tm cc gi tr ca m tho mn 5x
1
+ x
2
= 4.
B i 6 : Cho phng trnh: x
2
+ 4x + 1 = 0 (1)
1) Gii phng trnh (1).
2) Gi x
1
, x
2
l hai nghim ca phng trnh (1). Tnh B = x
1
3
+ x
2
3
.
B i 7 : Cho phng trnh : x
2
- (m + 4)x + 3m + 3 = 0 (m l tham s).
a) Xc nh m phng trnh c mt nghim l bng 2. Tm nghim cn li.
b) Xc nh m phng trnh c hai nghim x
1
, x
2
tho mn x
1
3
+ x
2
3
0.
B i 8 : Cho phng trnh:
(m 1)x
2
+ 2mx + m 2 = 0 (*)
1) Gii phng trnh khi m = 1.
2) Tm m phng trnh (*) c 2 nghim phn bit.
B i 9 . Cho phng trnh (2m-1)x
2
-2mx+1=0
Xc nh m phng trnh trn c nghim thuc khong (-1,0)
B i 10 : Phng trnh: ( 2m-1)x
2
-2mx+1=0
Xt 2m-1=0=> m=1/2 pt tr thnh x+1=0=> x=1
Xt 2m-1 0=> m 1/2 khi ta c
,
= m
2
-2m+1= (m-1)
2
0 mi m=> pt c nghim vi mi m
ta thy nghim x=1 khng thuc (-1,0)
vi m 1/2 pt cn c nghim x=
1 2
1

+
m
m m
=
1 2
1
m

pt c nghim trong khong (-1,0)=> -1<
1 2
1
m
<0
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 23

'

<
> +

0 1 2
0 1
1 2
1
m
m
=>

'

<
>

0 1 2
0
1 2
2
m
m
m
=>m<0
Vy Pt c nghim trong khong (-1,0) khi v ch khi m<0
CHUYN I: GII BI TON BNG CCH LP PT
B i1 : Hai t khi hnh cng mt lc i t A n B cch nhau 300 km . t th nht mi gi
chy nhanh hn t th hai 10 km nn n B sm hn t th hai 1 gi . Tnh vn tc mi xe
t .
B i 1 2 : Mt t d nh i t A n B vi vn tc 50 km/h. Sau khi i c 2/3 qung ng
vi vn tc , v ng kh i nn ngi li xe phi gim vn tc mi gi 10 km trn qung
ng cn li. Do t n B chm 30 pht so vi d nh. Tnh qung ng AB.
B i 2 : Hai vi nc cng chy vo b th sau 4 gi 48 pht th y. Nu chy cng mt thi gian
nh nhau th lng nc ca vi II bng 2/3 lng nc ca vi I chy c. Hi mi vi chy
ring th sau bao lu y b.
B i 3 : Mt t d nh i t A n B trong mt thi gian nht nh . Nu xe chy vi vn tc 35
km/h th n chm mt 2 gi . Nu xe chy vi vn tc 50 km/h th n sm hn 1 gi . Tnh
qung ng AB v thi gian d nh i lc u .
B i 4 : Qung ng AB di 180 km. Cng mt lc hai t khi hnh t A n B. Do vn tc
ca t th nht hn vn tc ca t th hai l 15 km/h nn t th nht n sm hn t th hai
2h. Tnh vn tc ca mi t?
B i 5 : Trong mt bui lao ng trng cy, mt t gm 13 hc sinh (c nam v n) trng c
tt c 80 cy. Bit rng s cy cc bn nam trng c v s cy cc bn n trng c l bng
nhau ; mi bn nam trng c nhiu hn mi bn n 3 cy. Tnh s hc sinh nam v s hc sinh
n ca t.
B i 6 : Khong cch gia hai thnh ph A v B l 180 km. Mt t i t A n B, ngh 90 pht
B ri tr li t B v A. Thi gian t lc i n lc tr v l 10 gi. Bit vn tc lc v km vn tc
lc i l 5 km/h. Tnh vn tc lc i ca t.
B i 7 : Mt hnh ch nht c din tch 300m
2
. Nu gim chiu rng 3m, tng chiu di thm 5m
th ta c hnh ch nht mi c din tch bng din tch hnh ch nht ban u. Tnh chu vi ca
hnh ch nht ban u.
B i 8 : Mt ca n xui dng t bn sng A n bn sng B cch nhau 24 km, cng lc cng t
A mt b na tri vi vn tc dng nc 4 km/h. Khi n B ca n quay li ngay v gp b na tri
ti mt a im C cch A l 8 km. Tnh vn tc thc ca ca n.
B i 9 : Khong cch gia hai tnh A v B l 108 km. Hai t cng khi hnh mt lc i t A n
B, mi gi xe th nht chy nhanh hn xe th hai 6 km nn n B trc xe th hai 12 pht. Tnh
vn tc mi xe.
B i 10 : Theo k hoch, mt t cng nhn phi sn xut 360 sn phm. n khi lm vic, do phi
iu 3 cng nhn i lm vic khc nn mi cng nhn cn li phi lm nhiu hn d nh 4 sn
phm. Hi lc u t c bao nhiu cng nhn? Bit rng nng sut lao ng ca mi cng nhn l
nh nhau.
B i 11 : Ba chic bnh c th tch tng cng 120lt . Nu y nc vo bnh th nht ri em
rt vo hai bnh kia th hoc bnh th 3 y nc, bnh th 2 ch c 1/2 th tch ca n, hoc
bnh th 2 y nc th bnh th 3 ch c 1/3 th tch ca n. Tm th tch ca mi bnh
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 24
B i 11 : Hai a im A, B cch nhau 56km. Lc 6h45' mt ngi i t A vi vn tc 10km/h.
Sau 2h , mt ngi i xe p t B ti A vi vn tc 14km/h . Hi n my gi th h gp nhau,
ch gp nhau cch A bao nhiu km
B i 12 : Mt ca n xui t A n B vi vn tc 30km/h, sau ngc t B tr v A. Thi gian i
xui t hn thi gian i ngc l 40'. Tnh khong cch gia A v B . Bit vn tc ca n khng
i, vn tc dng nc l 3km/h.
B i 13 : Mt ngi i xe p t A n B cch nhau 50km. Sau 1h30' mt ngi i xe my cng
t A v n B sm hn mt gi. Tnh vn tc ca mi xe, bit rng vn tc xe my gp 2.5 ln xe
p
B i 14 : Mt phng hp c 360 gh ngi c xp thnh tng hng v s gh mi hng bng
nhau. Nu s hng tng thm 1 v s gh mi hng tng thm 1 th trong phng c 400 gh. Hi
c bao nhiu hng, mi hng c bao nhiu gh?
B i 15 : Hai ngi th cng lm mt cng vic trong 16 gi th xong. Nu ngi th nht lm 3
gi v ngi th 2 lm 6 gi th h lm c 25% cng vic. Hi mi ngi lm mt mnh cng
vic trong my gii th xong?.
B i 16 : Hai vt chuyn ng trn mt ng trn c ng knh 20m , xut pht cng mt nc
t cng mt im. Nu chng chuyn ng ngc chiu nhau
th c 2 giy li gp nhau. Nu chng chuyn ng cng chiu nhauth c sau 10 giy li gp
nhua. Tnh vn tc ca mi vt.
B i 17 : Thng th nht hai t sn xut c 800 sn phm. Sang thng th hai t 1 vt 15%.t
2 vt 20%. Do cui thng c hai t xn xut oc 945 sn phm. Tnh xem trong thng th
nht mi t sn xut c bao nhiu sn phm
B i 18 : Mt khi lp t chc i tham quan bng t. Mi xe ch 22 h/s th cn tha 01 h/s. Nu
bt i 01 t th c th xp u cc h/s trn cc t cn li. Hi lc u c bao nhiu t, bao
nhiu h/s. Mi xe ch khng qu 32 h/s.
B i 19 : Mt nh my d nh sn xut chi tit my trong thi gian nh v d nh s sn
xut 300 chi tit my trong mt ngy. Nhng thc t mi ngy lm thm c 100 chi tit, nn
sn xut thm c tt c l 600 chi tit v hon thnh k hoch trc 1 ngy
Tnh s chi tit my d nh sn xut.
B i 20: Mt ca n xui dng 42km ri ngc dng tr li l 20km mt tng cng 5gi. Bit vn
tc ca dng chy l 2km/h. Tm vn tc ca ca n lc dng nc yn lng
B i 21 : Mt i xe cn chuyn ch 120 tn hng. Hm lm vic c 2 xe phi iu i ni khc nn
mi xe phi ch thm 16 tn. Hi i c bao nhiu xe?
B i 22 : Hai t khi hnh cng mt lc t a im A n a im B. Mi gi t th nht chy
nhanh hn t th hai 12km nn n a im B trc t th hai 100pht. Tnh vn tc ca mi
t bit qung ng AB di 240km
B i 23 : Nu m c hai vi nc chy vo mt b cn th sau 2 gi 55pht b y b. Nu m
ring tng vi th vi th nht lm y b nhanh hn vi th hai l hai gi. Hi nu m ring tng
vi th mi vi chy bao lu y b?
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 25
B i 24 : Hai t hc sinh trng c mt s cy trong sn trng.
Nu ly 5 cy ca t 2 chuyn cho t mt th s cy trng c ca c hai t s bng nhau.
Nu ly 10 cy ca t mt chuyn cho t hai th s cy trng c ca t hai s gp i s cy ca
t mt.
Hi mi t trng c bao nhiu cy?
B i 25 : Hai t A v B khi hnh cng mt lc t hai tnh cch nhau 150km, i ngc chiu v
gp nhau sau 2 gi. Tm vn tc ca mi t, bit rng nu vn tc ca t A tng thm 5km/h v
vn tc t B gim 5km/h th vn tc ca t A bng 2 ln vn tc ca t B.
B i 26 : Hai hp tc x bn cho nh nc 860 tn thc. Tnh s thc m mi hp tc x
bn cho nh nc. Bit rng 3 ln s thc hp tc x th nht bn cho nh nc nhiu hn hai ln
s thc hp tc x th hai bn l 280 tn
N TP HNH HC 9
Phn 1 : HNH HC PHNG
A. L THUYT :
I.ng trn:
1,nh ngha:
Tp hp cc im cch im 0 cho trc mt khong cch R > 0 khng i gi l ng trn
tm 0 bn knh R . K hiu : ( 0 ; R)
2, V tr tng i:
* Ca mt im vi mt ng trn :
xt (0 ; R ) v im M bt k
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 26
v tr tng i H thc
M nm ngoi ( O ; R ) OM > R
M nm trn ( O ; R ) hay M thuc ( O ;
R)
OM = R
M nm trong ( O ; R ) OM < R
* Ca mt ng thng vi mt ng trn :
xt ( O ; R ) v ng thng a bt k ( vi d l khong cch t tm O n ng thng a )
v tr tng i S im chung H thc
a ct ( O ; R ) 2 d < R
a tip xc ( O ; R ) 1 d = R
a v ( O ; R ) khng giao
nhau
0 d > R
* Ca hai ng trn :
xt ( O;R) v (O; R) ( vi d = O O )
v tr tng i S im chung H thc
Hai ng trn ct nhau 2 R r < d < R- r
Hai ng trn tip xc
nhau :
+ tip xc ngoi :
+ tip xc trong :
1
d = R + r
d = R r
Haing trn khng giao
nhau :
+hai ng trn ngoi
nhau :
+ng trn ln ng
ng trn nh :
0
d > R + r
d < R -r
3 . Tip tuyn ca ng trn :
a. nh ngha :
ng thng d c gi l tip tuyn ca mt ng trn nu n ch c mt im chung vi
ng .
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 27
b, Tnh cht :
+ T nh cht 1 : Nu mt ng thng l mt tip tuyn ca mt ng trn th n vung gc vi
bn knh I qua tip im .
+ T nh cht 2 : Nu hai tip tuyn ca mt ng trn ct nhau ti mt im th giao im ny
cch u hai tip im v tia k t giao im qua tm ng trn l tia phn gic ca gc to
bi hai tip tuyn .
c, Cch chng minh :
C ch 1 : chng minh ng thng c mt im chung vi ng trn .
C ch 2 : chng minh ng thng vung gc vi bn knh ca ng trn ti mt
im v im thuc ng trn .
4 . Quan h gia ng knh v dy cung :
* nh l 1 : ng knh vung gc vi mt dy cung th chia dy cung y ra thnh hai phn bng
nhau .
* nh l 2 : ng knh I qua trung im ca mt dy cung khng i qua tm th vung gc vi
dy cung y.
5 . Quan h gia dy cung v khong cch n tm :
* nh l 1 : Trong mt ng trn hai dy cung bng nhau khi v ch khi chng cch u tm .
* nh l 2 : Trong hai dy cung khng bng nhau ca mt ng trn, dy cung ln hn khi v
ch khi n gn tm hn .
II. Gc trong ng trn:
1, Cc loi gc trong ng trn:
- Gc tm
- Gc ni tip
- Gc c nh bn trong hay bn ngoi ng trn
- Gc to bi tia tip tuyn v dy cung
2, Mi quan h gia cung v dy cung:
* nh l 1: i vi hai cung nh trong mt ng trn:
a, Hai cung bng nhau cng hai dy bng nhau
b, o li, hai dy bng nhau trng hai cung bng nhau.
* nh l 2: i vi hai cung nh trong mt ng trn:
a, Cung ln hn cng dy ln hn
b, Dy ln hn trng cung ln hn.
3, T gic ni tip:
a, nh ngha:
T gic ni tip mt ng trn l t gic c bn nh nm trn mt ng trn . ng trn
c gi l ng trn ngoi tip t gic.
b, Cch chng minh :
* Cch 1: chng minh bn nh ca t gic cng thuc mt ng trn
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 28
* C ch 2 : chng minh t gic c tng hai gc i din bng 180
0
* C ch 3 : chng minh t gic c hai nh k nhau nhn cnh i din di cng mt gc.
B. BI TP:
B i 1 : Cho tam gic ABC ( = 1v ), ng cao AH. ng trn ng knh AH ct cc cnh AB,
AC ln lt ti E v F.
a. CM: t gic AEHF l hnh ch nht.
b. CM: t gic EFCB ni tip.
c. ng thng qua A vung gc vi EF ct BC ti I. Chng minh I l trung im ca BC.
d. CMR: Nu S
ABC
= 2. S
AEHF
th tam gic ABC vung cn.
B i 2 : Cho tam gic ABC ( AB> AC ) ni tip (O). V ng phn gic ca gc ct (O) ti M.
Ni OM ct BC ti I.
1. Chng minh tam gic BMC cn.
2. Chng minh: gc BMA < gc AMC.
3. Chng minh: gc ABC + gc ACB = gc BMC.
4. ng cao AH v BP ca tam gic ABC ct nhau ti Q. Chng minh OH // AH.
5. Trn AH ly im D sao cho AD = MO. T gic OMDA l hnh g?
6. Chng minh AM l phn gic ca gc OAH.
7. OM ko di ct (O) ti N. V OE vung gc vi NC. Chng minh MB OE
2
1
.
8. Chng minh t gic OICE ni tip. Xc nh tm ca ng trn ngoi tip t gic OICE.
9. Chng minh cc t gic ABHP v QPCH ni tip.
10. T C v tip tuyn ca (O) ct BM ko di ti K. Chng minh CM l phn gic ca gc
BCK.
11. So snh cc gc KMC v KCB vi gc A.
12. T B v ng thng song song vi OM ct CM ti S. Chng minh tam gic BMS cn ti
M.
13. 13.Chng minh gc S = gc EOI gc MOC.
14. Chng minh gc SBC = gc NCM.
15. Chng minh gc ABF = gc AON.
16. T A k AF // BC, F thuc (O). Chng minh BF = CA.

Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 29
B i 3 : Cho tam gic ABC c ba gc nhn. ng trn tm O ng knh BC ct AB, AC theo th
t ti D, E. Gi I l giao im ca BE v CD.
1. Chng minh AI vung gc vi BC.
2. Chng minh gc IDE = gc IAE.
3. Chng minh : AE . EC = BE . EI.
4. Cho gc BAC = 60
0
. Chng minh tam gic DOE u.
B i 4 : Cho tam gic ABC nhn ni tip (O). ng cao AH ca tam gic ABC ct (O) ti D , AO
ko di ct (O) ti E.
a. Chng minh t gic BDEC l hnh thang cn.
b. Gi M l im chnh gia ca cung DE, OM ct BC ti I. Chng minh I l trung im ca
BC.
c. Tnh bn knh ca (O) bit BC = 24 cm v IM = 8 cm.
B i 5 : Trn na ng trn tm O ng knh AB ly hai im M v N sao cho cc cung AM,
MN, NB bng nhau. Gi P l giao im ca AM v BN, H l giao im ca AN vi BM. CMR:
a. T gic AMNB l hnh thang cn.
b. PH AB. T suy ra P, H, O thng hng.
c. ON l tip tuyn ca ng trn nngf knh PH.
B i 6 : Cho (O, R) , dy cung AB < 2R. Gi M l im chnh gia ca cung nh AB. K hai dy
MC, MD ln lt ct AB ti E v F. CMR:
a. Tam gic MAE v MCA ng dng.
b. ME . MC = MF . MD.
c. T gic CEFD ni tip.
d. Khi 3 R AB th tam gic OAM u.
B i 7 : Cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A ( AB > AC ), ng cao AH. V ng trn tm I
ng knh BH ct AB ti E, ng trn tm K ng knh CH ct AC ti F.
a. T gic AEHF l hnh g?
b. Chng minh t gic BEFC ni tip.
c. Chng minh AE . AB = AF . AC.
d. Chmg minh EF l tip tuyn chung ca (O) v (I).
e. Gi Ax l tip tuyn ca ng trn ngoi tip tam gic ABC. Chng minh Ax // EF.
B i 8: Cho tam gic ABC vung cn ti A. im D thuc AB. Qua B v ng thng vung gc
vi CD ti H, ng thng BH ct CA ti E.
a. Chng minh t gic AHBC ni tip.
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 30
b. Tnh gc AHE.
c. Chng minh tam gic EAH v EBC ng dng.
d. Chng minh AD = AE.
e. Khi im D di chuyn trn cnh AB th im H di chuyn trn ng no?
B i 9 : T gic ABCD ni tip ng trn ng knh AC ( AB > BC ; AD > CD ). Gi E l giao
im ca AB v CD, F l giao im ca AD v BC. Chng minh rng:
a. EF AC
b. DA . DF = DC . DE
c. T gic BDFE ni tip.
B i 10 : Cho ng trn tm O ng knh BC, im A thuc (O). V bn knh OK // BA ( K v A
nm cng pha i vi BC ). Tip tuyn vi ng trn (O) ti C ct OK ti I.
a. Chng minh IA l tip tuyn ca (O).
b. Chng minh CK l tia phn gic ca gc ACI.
c. Cho BC = 30 cm; AB = 18 cm. Tnh OI, CI.
B i 11 : Cho on thng AB v O l trung im ca AB. V v cng pha vi AB cc tia Ax, By
cng vung gc vi AB. Cc im M, N theo th t di chuyn trn Ax v By sao cho gc MON =
90
0
. Gi I l trung im ca MN. Chng minh rng :
a. AB l tip tuyn ca (I ; IO).
b. MO l tia phn gic ca gc AMN.
c. MN l tip tuyn ca ng trn ng knh AB.
d. Khi cc im M, N di chuyn trn Ax, By th tch AM. BN khng di.
B i 12: Cho (O;R) v (O; r)tip xc ngoi ti A. Gi BC l tip tuyn chung ngoi ca hai ng
trn ( B thuc (O); C thuc (O) ). Tip tuyn chung trong ca hai ng trn ti A ct BC ti M.
a. Chng minh A, B, C thuc ng trn tm M.
b. ng thng OO c v tr tng i g vi (M) ni trn?
c. Xc nh tm ng trn i qua ba im O, O , M.
d. Chng minh BC l tip tuyn ca ng trn i qua ba im O, O, M.
B i 13 : Cho (O) v (O)tip xcngoi ti A. ng thng ct (O) v (O) theo th t tu B v
C ( khc A ). Gi DE l tip tuyn chung ngoi ca hai ng trn ( D thuc (O); E thuc (O)) .
M l giao im ca BD v CE. Chng minh rng :
a. Gc DME l gc vung.
b. MA l tip tuyn chung ca hai ng trn.
c. MD . MB = ME . MC.
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 31
B i 14 : Cho tam gic ABC c ba gc nhn ni tip (O), ng cao BD, CE , M l trung im ca
BC.
a. Chng minh t gic BCDE ni tip.
b. Chng minh cc tam gic ADE v ABC ng dng .
c. K tip tuyn Ax vi (O) . Chng minh Ax // DE.
d. Chng minh rng nu gc BAC = 60
0
th tam gic DME l tam gic u.
B i 15 : Cho (O) v im A nm bn ngoi (O). V cc tip tuyn AB v AC , ct tuyn ADE. Gi
H l trung im ca DE.
a. Chng minh t gic BHOC ni tip.
b. Chng minh HA l tia phn gic ca gc BHA.
c. Gi I l giao im ca BC v DE. Chng minh : AB
2
= AI . AH.
d. BH ct (O) ti K . Chng minh AE // CK.
B i 16 : Cho (O), ng trn AB. V tip tuyn xBy. Gi C,D l hai im di ng trn hai na mt
phng b AB i nhau. Tia AC ct Bx ti M, tia AD ct By ti N.
a. Chng minh cc tam gic ACD v AMN ng dng.
b. T gic MNDC ni tip.
c. Chng minh AC . AM = AD . AN v tch ny khng i khi C, D di ng.
B i 17 : Xt na ng trn (O), ng knh AB. Trn na mt phng b AB cha na ng
trn. k tip tuyn Ax v dy AC bt k. Tia phn gic ca gc Cax ct na ng trn ti D, cc
tia AD v BC ct nhau ti E.
a. Chng minh tam gic ABE cn ti B.
b. Cc dy AC v BD ct nhau ti K. Chng minh EK AB.
c. Tia BD ct tia Ax ti F. Chng minh t gic AKEF l hnh thoi.
B i 18 : Cho na lc gic u ABCD ni tip trong na ng trn (O ; R).
Hai tip tuyn ti B v D ct nhau ti T.
a. Chng minh rng OT // AB.
b. Chng minh ba im O, C, T thng hng.
c. Tnh chu vi v din tch tam gic TBD theo R.
d. Tnh din tch hnh gii hn bi hai cnh TB, TD v cung BCD theo R.
B i 19 : Hai ngtrn (O) v (O) c bn knh R v R ( R > R) tip xc ngoi nhau ti C. Gi
AC v BC l hai ng knh i qua C ca (O) v (O). DE l dy cung ca (O) vung gc vi AB
ti trung im ca M ca AB. Gi giao im th hai ca ng thng DC vi (O) l F.
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 32
a. T gic AEBD l hnh g?
b. Chng minh rng ba im B, E, F thng hng.
c. Chng minh t gic MDBF ni tip.
d. DB ct (O) ti G. Chng minh DF, EG, AB ng qui.
e. Chng minh DE MF
2
1
v MF l tip tuyn ca (O).
B i 20 : Cho ng trn tm O, ng knh AC. Trn on OC ly mt im B v v ng trn
tm O ng knh BC. Gi M l trung im ca AB. T M k dy cung DE vung gc vi AB,
DC ct (O) ti I.
a.T gic ADBE l hnh g ? ti sao?
b.Chng minh BI // AD.
c.Chng minh ba im I, B, E thng hng v MD = MI.
d.Xc nh v gii thch v tr tng i ca ng thng MI vi (O).
B i 21 : T mt im A bn ngoi ng trn (O) v hai tip tuyn AB, AC v ct tuyn AMN
ca ng trn . Gi I l trung im ca dy MN.
a. Chng minh 5 im A,B,I,O,C cng nm trn mt ng trn.
b. Nu AB = OB th t gic ABOC l hnh g ? Ti sao? Tnh din tch hnh trn v di
ng trn ngoi tip t gic ABOC theo bn knh R ca (O).
B i 22 : Cho tam gic ABC ni tip (O). Tia phn gic ca gc A ct BC ti D, ct (O) ti E. Tip
tuyn ca ng trn ti A ct ng thng BC ti M.
a. Chng minh MA = MD.
b. Gi I l im i xng vi D qua M, gi F l giao im ca IA vi (O).Chng minh E, O,
F thng hng.
B i 23: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A. Trn cnh AC ly im M, dng (O) ng knh MC.
ng thng BM ct (O) ti D. ng thng AD ct ng trn (O) ti S.
a. Chng minh t gic ABCD ni tip. CA l tia phn gic ca gc SCB.
b. Gi E l giao im ca BC vi (O) . Chng minh cc ng thng BA, EM, CD ng qui.
c. Chng minh DM l phn gic ca gc ADE.
d. Chng minh M l tm ng trn ni tip tam gic ADE.
B i 24: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A.
a. Nu cch dng (O) qua A v tip xc vi BC ti B. Nu cch dng (O) qua tip xc vi
BC ti C.
b. Hai ng trn (O) v (O) v tr tng i no?
c. Gi M l trung im ca BC. Chng minh AM l tip tuyn chung ca (O) v (O).
d. Cho AB = 36cm, AC = 48 cm. Tnh di BC v cc bn knh ca (O) , (O).
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 33
B i 25: Cho na ng trn (O) ng knh AB, bn knh OC vung gc vi AB. Gi M l mt
im di ng trn cung BC ( M B, M C). AM ct OC ti N.
a. Chng minh rng tch AM . AN khng i.
b. V CD AM . Chng minh cc t gic MNOB v AODC ni tip.
c. Xc nh v tr ca im M trn cung BC tam gic COD cn ti D.
B i 26 : Cho tam gic ABC nhn ni tip (O), H l trc tm ca tam gic ABC, M l mt im
trn cung BC khng cha im A.
a. Xc nh v tr ca M t gic BHCM l hnh bnh hnh.
b. Gi N v E ln lt l cc im i xng ca M qua AB v AC. Chng minh ba im N. H , E
thng hng.
c. Xc nh v tr ca M NE c di ln nht.
B i 27: Cho (O,R) v (O,r) tip xc ngoi ti M ( R > r ). ng thng OO ct (O) ti C, ct
(O) ti D . Tip tuyn chung ngoi AB (
) ' ( ), ( O B O A
) ct ng thng OO ti H. Tip
tuyn chung ca hai ng trn M ct AB ti I.
a. Chng minh cc tam gic OIO v AMB l cc tam gic vung.
b. Chng minh r R AB . 2 .
c. Tia AM ct (O) ti A, tia BM ct (O) ti B. Chng minh ba im A, O, B v A , O , B
thng hng v CD
2
= BB
2
+ AA
2
.
d. Gi N v N ln lt l giao im ca AM vi OI v BM vi OI. Tnh di cc on
thng MI, AB, OI, OI, OH, OH theo R v r.
B i 28: Cho ng trn (O) ng knh AB, mt im C ( khc A, B ) nm trn ng trn . Tip
tuyn Cx ca (O) ct tia AB ti I. Phn gic gc CIA ct OC ti O.
a. Chng minh (O, OC) va tip xc vi (O) va tip xc vi ng thng AB.
b. Gi D,E theo th t l giao im th hai ca CA, CB vi (O). Chng minh D, O, E thng
hng .
c. Tm v tr ca C sao cho ng trn ngoi tip tam gic OCI tip xc vi AC.
B i 29 : Cho na ng trn ng knh AB = 2R. K tip tuyn Bx vi na ng trn. C v D
l hai im di ng trn na ng trn. Cc tia AC v AD ct Bx ln lt ti E v F ( F nm gia
B v E ).
a. Chng minh hai tam gic ABF v BDF ng dng.
b. Chng minh t gic CEFD ni tip.
c. Khi D v C di ng trn na ng trn , chng t rng :
AC. AE = AD . AF = const .
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 34
B i 30: Cho (O). V hai dy AB v CD vung gc ti M bn trong (O). T A v mt ng
thng vung gc vi BC ti H, ct CD ti E. F l im i xng ca C qua AB. Tia AF ct tia BD
ti K. Chng minh rng:
a. Gc MAH = gc MCB.
b. Tam gic ADE cn.
c. T gic AHBK ni tip.
B i 31. Cho on thng AB v C l mt im nm gia A v B. Ngi ta k trn cng mt na
mt phng b AB hai tia Ax v By vung gc vi AB. Trn tia Ax ly mt im I. Tia Cz vung
gc vi tia CI ti C v ct By ti K. ng trn ng knh IC ct IK ti P. Chng minh:
a. T gic CPKB ni tip.
b. AI.BK=AC.CB.
c. APB vung.
d. Gi s A, B, I c nh. Hy xc nh v tr im C sao cho din tch hnh thang vung ABKI
ln nht.
B i 32. Cho (O) v mt im A nm ngoi (O). T A k hai tip tuyn AB, AC v ct tuyn AMN
vi (O). (B, C, M, N cng thuc (O); AM<AN). Gi E l trung im ca dy MN, I l giao im
th hai ca ng thng CE vi (O).
a. Chng minh bn im A, O, E, C cng nm trn mt ng trn.
b. Chng minh gc AOC=gc BIC
c. Chng minh BI//MN.
d. Xc nh v tr ct tuyn AMN din tch tam gic AIN ln nht.
B i 33. Cho tam gic ABC vung A (AB<AC), ng cao AH. Trn on thng HC ly D sao
cho HD=HB. V CE vung gc vi AD (EAD).
a. Chng minh t gic AHCE ni tip.
b. Chng minh AB l tip tuyn ca ng trn ngoi tip t gic AHCE.
c. Chng minh CH l tia phn gic ca gc ACE.
d. Tnh din tch hnh gii hn bi cc on thng CA, CH v cung nh AH ca ng trn
ni trn bit AC=6cm; gc ACB = 30
o
.
B i 34. Cho (O) c ng knh BC. Gi A l mt im thuc cung BC (cung AB < cung AC). D
l im thuc bn knh OC. ng vung gc vi BC ti D ct AC E, ct tia BA F.
a. Chng minh t gic ADCF ni tip.
b. Gi M l trung im ca EF. Chng minh: gc AME=2 gc ACB.
c. Chng minh AM l tip tuyn ca (O).
d. Tnh din tch hnh gii hn bi cc on thng BC, BA v cung nh AC ca (O) bit
BC=8cm; gc ABC = 60
o
.
B i 35. Cho ng trn (O) ng knh AB=2R v mt im M di chuyn trn na ng trn.
Ngi ta v ng trn tm E tip xc vi (O) ti M v tip xc vi AB ti N. ng trn ny ct
MA, MB ln lt ti cc im th hai C, D.
a. Chng minh CD//AB.
b. Chng minh MN l tia phn gic ca gc AMB v ng thng MN i qua mt im K
c nh.
c. Chng minh tch KM.KN c nh.
d. Gi giao im ca cc tia CN, DN vi KB, KA ln lt l C', D'. Tm v tr ca M chu
vi tam gic NC'D' t gi tr nh nht c th c.
B i 36. Cho mt ng trn ng knh AB, cc im C, D trn ng trn sao cho C, D
khng nm trn cng mt na mt phng b AB ng thi AD>AC. Gi cc im chnh gia cc
cung AC, AD ln lt l M, N. Giao im ca MN vi AC, AD ln lt l H, I. Giao im ca
MD vi CN l K.
a. CM: NKD v MAK cn.
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 35
b. CM: t gic MCKH ni tip c. Suy ra KH//AD.
c. So snh cc gc CAK vi gc DAK.
d. Tm mt h thc gia s o AC, s o AD l iu kin cn v AK//ND.
B i 37. Cho (O
1
) v (O
2
) tip xc ngoi vi nhau ti im A v tip tuyn chung Ax. Mt ng
thng d tip xc vi (O
1
), (O
2
) ln lt ti B, C v ct Ax ti im M. K cc ng knh BO
1
D,
CO
2
E.
a. Chng minh M l trung im BC.
b. Chng minh O
1
MO
2
vung.
c. Chng minh B, A, E thng hng; C, A, D thng hng.
d. Gi I l trung im ca DE. Chng minh rng ng trn ngoi tip tam gic IO
1
O
2
tip
xc vi d.
d.
PHN 2: HNH HC KHNG GIAN.
A. L THUYT:
I. Mt s kin thc c bn v hnh hc khng gian:
1. Cc v tr tng i:
a.V tr tng i ca hai ng thng:
* a // b a , b (P), a v b khng c im chung.
* a ct b a , b (P), a v b c mt im chung.
* a v b cho nhau a v b khng cng thuc mt mt phng.
b. V tr tng i ca ng thng a v mt phng (P):
* a // (P) a v (P) khng c im chung.
* a ct (P) a v (P) c mt im chung.
* a (P) a v (P) c v s im chung.
c. V tr tng i ca hai mt phng (P) v (Q):
* (P) // (Q) khng c im chung.
* (P) (Q) = a c mt ng thng a chung ( a gi l giao tuyn ca hai mt phng).
* (P) (Q).
2. Mt s cch chng minh:
a. Chng minh hai ng thng song song:
C
1
: a v b cng thuc mt mt phng.
a v b khng c im chung.
C
2
: a // c v b // c.
C
3
:
b a
b R Q
a R P
Q P
//
) ( ) (
) ( ) (
) //( ) (




b.Chng minh ng thng song song vi mt phng:
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 36
) //(
) (
//
P a
P b
b a

c.Chng minh hai mt phng song song:


) //( ) (
) //( ), //(
), ( ,
Q P
P b P a
aXb Q b a

;

d.Chng minh hai ng thng vung gc:
b a
P b
P a

) (
) (
e.Chng minh ng thng vung gc vi mt phng:

) (
) ( ), ( ,
,
P a
P c P b bXc
c a b a



g.Chng minh hai mt phng vung gc:

) ( ) (
) (
) (
Q P
Q a
P a

II. Mt s hnh khng gian:


1. H nh lng tr :
S
xq
= P . h vi P: chu vi y
V = B . h h : chiu cao
B: din tch y
1. H nh tr:
S
xq
= P.h = 2 R.h vi R: bn knh y
V = B.h = R
2
.h h: chiu cao.
2. H nh chp :
h B V
d P S
xq
.
3
1
.
2
1

vi d: ng cao mt bn
2. H nh nn :
h R h B V
l R d P S
xq
.
3
1
.
3
1
. .
2
1
2




d: ng sinh; h: chiu cao.
3. H nh chp ct :
( )
( ) h B B B B V
d P P S
xq
. ' . '
3
1
. '
2
1
+ +
+
3. H nh nn ct :
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) r R r R
h
h B B B B V
d r R d P P S
xq
.
3
.
. ' . '
3
1
. '
2
1
2 2
+ + + +
+ +

4. H nh cu:
3
2
3
4
4
R V
R S

B. BI TP:
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 37
Bi 1: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD v im S nm ngoi mp(ABCD). Gi M, N theo th t l
trung im ca SA, SD. T gic MNCB l hnh g?
Bi 2: Cho t din ABCD. Gi G, H theo th t l trung im ca AD, CD. Ly im E AB, F
BC sao cho:
CB CF AB AE
4
1
;
4
1

.
a. Chng minh GH // (ABC); EF // (ACD); EF // GH.
b. Gi I l giao im ca EG v (BCD). CMR: F, H, I thng hng.
Bi 3: CMR: Nu mt mt phng song song vi ng thng a ca mp(Q) m (P) v (Q) ct nhau
th giao tuyn ca chng song song vi a.
Bi 4: Cho hai mt phng (P) v (Q) ct nhau theo giao tuyn d. Mt mt phng th ba (R) ct
(P) , (Q) theo th t l cc giao tuyn a v b. CMR:
a. Nu a x d = M th a, b, d ng qui.
b. Nu a // d th a, b, d i mt song song.
Bi 5: Cho t din S.ABC, im D SA sao cho
AB E SA SD ,
4
1
sao cho
BA BE
4
1

. Gi
M l trung im ca SC, I l giao im ca DM v AC, N l giao im ca IE v BC. CMR:
a. SB // (IDE).
b. N l trung im ca BC.
Bi 6: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, ng cao AH. Mt ng thng d (ABC) ti A. Trn d
ly im S bt k.
a. Chng minh BC SH.
b. K AI l ng cao ca tam gic SAH. Chng minh AI (SBC).
c. Cho AB = 15 cm, AC = 20 cm , SA = 16 cm. Tnh BC, SH ri tnh S
xq
, S
tp
, V ca hnh
chp S . ABC.
Bi 7: Cho tam gic ABC u v trung tuyn AM, im I AM sao cho IA = 2.IM . Qua I v
ng thng d vung gc vi mp(ABC), trn d ly im S bt k.
a. Chng minh SA = SB = SC.
b. Gi IH l ng cao ca tam gic SIM. CMR: IH (SBC).
c. Tnh S
xq
v V ca hnh chp S . ABC bit cm AB 3 3 ; SA = 5 cm.
Bi 8: Cho t din S . ABC. im E SA, F AB sao cho
BA BF SA SE
3
1
;
3
1

. Gi G, H
theo th t l trung im ca SC, BC. CMR:
a. EF // GH.
b. EG, FH, AC ng qui.
Bi 9: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A, AB = 8 cm, AC = 6 cm. Mt ng thng d vung gc
vi mp(ABC) ti B, trn d ly im S sao cho SA = 10 cm.
a. CMR: SB AC.
b. Tnh SB, BC, SC.
c. CM: Tam gic SAC vung.
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 38
d. Tnh S
tp
, V.
Bi 10: Cho hnh vung ABCD cnh 3 cm. Trn ng thng d vung gc vi mp(ABCD) ti A
ly im S sao cho SA = 4 cm. CMR:
a. (SAB) (SAD).
b. SC BD.
c. Cc tam gic SBC v SDC vung.
d. Tnh S
xq
, V ca hnh chp S . ABCD.
Bi 11: Cho lng tr ng ABCD . ABCD c y l hnh thoi. Bit ng cao AA = 5 cm,
cc ng cho AC = 15 cm , DB = 9 cm.
a. Tnh AB?
b. Tnh S
xq
, V ca hnh lng tr ABCD . ABCD.
c. Tnh S
xq
, V ca hnh chp B . ABCD.
Bi 12: Cho lng tr tam gic u ABC . ABC c AA = 4 cm , gc BAB = 45
0
. Tnh S
xq
v
V.
Bi 13: Hnh hp ch nht ABCD . ABCD c AD = 3 cm, AB = 4 cm, BD = 13 cm. Tnh S
xq
v V ?
Bi 14: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD . ABCD c AB = 12 cm, AD = 16 cm, AA = 25 cm.
a. CM: Cc t gic ACCA, BDDB l hnh ch nht.
b. CM: AC
2
= AB
2
+ AD
2
+ AA
2
.
c. Tnh S
tp
, V ?
Bi 15: Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD . ABCDc AB = AA = a v gc ACA = 30
0
. Tnh S
tp
v V ?
Bi 16: Cho hnh lp phng ABCD . ABCD c di cnh l 6 cm .
a. Tnh ng cho BD.
b. Tnh S
tp
v V ca hnh chp A . ABD.
c. Tnh S
tp
v V ca hnh chp A.BCD.
Bi 17: Mt thng hnh tr c din tch xung quanh bng tng din tch hai y, ng cao ca
hnh tr bng 6 dm. Hi thng cha c bao nhiu lt nc ? ( bit rng 1 dm
3
= 1 lt ).
Bi 18: Mt mt phng qua trc OO ca mt hnh tr, phn mt phng b gii hn bi hnh tr
( cn gi l thit din) l mt hnh ch nht c din tch bng 72 cm
2
. Tnh bn knh y, ng
cao ca hnh tr bit rng ng knh y bng mt na chiu cao.
Bi 19: Mt hnh tr c thit din qua trc l mt hnh ch nht c chiu di 4 cm, chiu rng 3
cm. Tnh S
xq
v V ca hnh tr .
Bi 20: Cho hnh nn nh A, ng sinh AB = 5 cm, bn knh y OB = 3 cm.
a. Tnh S
xq
ca hnh nn.
b. Tnh V ca hnh nn.
c. Gi CD l dy cung ca (O; OB)vung gc vi OB. CMR: CD (AOB).
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 39
Bi 21: Cho tam gic ABC vung ti A quay mt vng quanh AB. Tnh bn knh y, ng cao
ca hnh nn to thnh. T tnh S
xq
, v V ca hnh nn bit rng BC = 6 cm, gc ACB = 60
0
.
Bi 22: Mt hnh nn c thit din qua trc l mt tam gic u cnh bng 4 cm. Tnh S
xq
v V .
Bi 23: Mt hnh nn ct c ng cao 12 cm, cc bn knh y l 10 cm v 15 cm.
a. Tnh S
xq
ca hnh nn ct.
b. Tnh V ca hnh nn sinh ra hnh nn ct .
Bi 24: Mt hnh thang ABCD c gc A v gc D =90
0
, AB = BC = a , gc C = 60
0
. Tnh S
tp
ca
hnh to thnh khi quay hnh thang vung mt vng xung quanh:
a. Cnh AD.
b. Cnh DC.
Cc bi tp chn lc - n tp ton 9 nm hc 2009 - 2010 -Hy th sc ! 40

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