Bi 1: Cn bn v bng tnh excel 1/. Khi ng Excel.

+ T mn hnh Windows kch chut tri trn nt Start/ Program/ Microsoft Excel. (hoc kch chut tri vo nt chng trnh Excel ti thanh tc v pha trn bn phi mn hnh.) + Chn Font ch Vit nam mc nh cho ca s bng tnh Excel. - Vo Menu Tools / Option/ xut hin hp thoi.

- Chn nhn General. - Ti mc Standard Font: Chn Font Vit Nam v Size: C ch cho chng trnh bng tnh. - Kch chn OK. T c khi ng chng trnh bng tnh l c th nhp c ting vit. ** Khi chn Font ch VN xong my tnh s yu cu thot chng trnh khi ng li h thng s np ting vit. 2/. Tm hiu mn hnh bng tnh.

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+ Vng nhp d liu: bao gm tp hp cc , dng, - Hng (dng) c ngm nh nh s t 1 n.n, - Ct: c ngm nh nh th t t AZ nu ct nhiu vt qu bng ch ci Excel s qui c nh vng lp li v d nh AA, AB, AC.AZ, BA, BB, BC .BZ. - Mt : c qui c bi tham chiu gia hng v ct. V d: B3, tc l ct B v dng th 3. + Thanh Menu: cha cc lnh ca chng trnh.

+ Thanh cng c: Cha cc lnh tt ca mt s lnh thng dng. + Thanh cng thc: hin th cng thc khi thc hin tnh ton trn bng tnh, v hin th a ch tham chiu . + Thanh trng thi: hin th thng tin ca bng tnh. + Cc nt chn trang bng tnh (cc Sheet) c nh s t 1 n n. + Thanh cun dc v ngang. 3/. Cch nhp d liu: + Kch chut chn mun nhp d liu, sau g bnh thng. + Di chuyn sang khc bng t hp phm mi tn di chuyn. + Mun xung di nhn phm Enter. + Nu g sai nhn phm F2 sa li v mn kt thc sa nhn Enter. ** Khi nhp nu l ch di qu mt my s cho hin th trn sang khc. Nu nhp s di qu hin ti Excel s hin th bng dng thc khoa hc E+ n ch s hoc di dng cc du thng #. + Thay i rng ca ct, hng. 2

- Ct: t con tr ti v tr bin gia hai ct trn thc khi tr chut bin thnh mi tn hai chiu tri, phi. Kch, gi v r chut ti v tr nht nh. - Hng: tng t nh ct nhng t gia danh gii hai hng. + Chn thm mt ct. t tr ti ni cn chn Vo Insert/ Columns. + Chn mt hng: t tr ti ni cn chn vo Insert / Rows. 4/. Cch chn (bi en). + Chn mt : Kch chut tri vo mun chn. + Chn mt khi nhiu : Kch chut ti u tin ca khi gi v r chut ti cui ca khi cn chn, sau nh chut. + Chn mt hng: Kch chut vo s hiu ca hng 1,2,3 . + Chn mt ct: Kch chut vo mu t ca ct A,B,C 5/. Hon tt mt danh sch s ri: + G 2 s lin tc ti 2 nm ngang(dc) lin nhau. + Chn c hai ny. + t con tr vo gc phi di ca khi chn , khi con tr bin thnh hnh du cng en. + Kch chut, gi v r to mt danh sch lin tc. ** Tng t nh vy c th hon tt c s ri ngang v s ri dc. ** Nu mun c bc nhy gia 2 s trong mt s ri th lc nhp 2 s u tin cn to bc nhy ph hp. ** Nu mun coppy cho cc di ( bn) c cng d liu ch chn mt cha d liu v thao tc nh trn. 6/. Thao tc trn mt khi chn. a/ Coppy khi: + Chn khi. 3

+ Vo Edit /Coppy hoc nhn Ctrl + C, hoc kch chut vo nt Coppy trn thanh cng c. + t con tr ti cn coppy, vo Edit / Paste, hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + V, hoc kch nt Paste trn thanh cng c. b/ Di chuyn mt khi. + Chn khi. + Thc hin lnh: Edit/Cut hoc nhn Ctrl + X, hoc kch chut vo nt Cut trn thanh cng c. + Chn cn di chuyn n, vo menu Edit / Paste, hoc nhn Ctrl+V hoc kch chut vo nt Paste trn thanh cng c. Cch hai: Bi en khi cn di chuyn. Kch chut tri vo khi khi con tr bin thnh mi tn bn chiu. c/. Xo mt khi: + Chn khi (bi en). + Nhn phm Delete hoc vo Edit / Clear / All. 7/. Cc thao tc trn mt File: a/ M mt File (bng tnh) mi. + Kch chut vo Menu File / New / Chn Blank Workbook trn ca s chn. + Nhn t hp Ctrl+N hoc kch chut vo nt New trn thanh cng c. b/ M mt File (bng tnh) c trn my. + Vo Menu File / Open, hoc nhn t hp phm Ctrl + O, hoc kch chut vo nt Open trn thanh cng c, xut hin hp thoi.

+ Chn a cha File bng tnh ti Look in. + Chn th mc cha Flie. + Chn vo File cn m. + Kch Open. c/ Lu ct bng tnh. * Lu bng tnh mi lm: + Vo Menu File / Save hoc kch nt Save trn thanh cng c hoc nhn Ctrl + S, xut hin hp thoi.

+ Chn ni ( a) cn lu ti mc Save in: + Chn th mc ct ti liu. + t tn File (bng tnh) ti File name. + Kch OK. * Lu File c ( c tn). + Chn lnh ghi (my s t ng ghi nhng thay i vo File c v khng thng bo g). + Trong lc lm bng tnh nn thng xuyn ghi ni dung mi cp nht vo file c bng cch nhn t hp phm Ctrl + S. * Lu File c vi mt tn khc. + M File c. + Chn lnh File / Save as xut hin hp thoi.

+ Chn a ct gi. + Chn th muc ct gi. + t tn (nu vn ct ti th mc cha File c th phi t tn khc, nu t vo mt th mc khc th vn ghi c vi tn c). * Khi ghi bng cch ny th trn my s c thm mt File c tn khc hoc ging nhng ni dung th nh nhau. d/ ng mt bng tnh li. + Thc hn lnh: File / Close hoc nhn Ctrl + W sy ra hai trng hp. Nu l File cha c lu tr (cha c tn) my s hi c ghi hay khng trc khi ng ti liu li bng hp thoi nh:

Chn Yes ghi vo may, No s khng ghi li, Cancel s khng lm g; khi chn Yes th s c hp thoi Save nh ta chn lnh ghi. 7

Nu L file c t tn v ghi li ri th khi ng li my khng hi g. 8/. Thot khi Excel. Thc hin lnh sau: File / Exit hoc nhn Alt + F4 hoc kch vo nt ch x trn thanh tiu .

Bi 2: S dng cc cng thc cc hm trn bng tnh

I/. Mt s qui c trong vic thc hin tnh ton. tnh c mt php tnh khi v ch khi c du bng trc mt cng thc hoc mt hm. 1/ Th t ca cc php tnh trong Excel. a/. Biu thc v tnh ton. + S hc: +(cng), -(tr), *(nhn), /(chia). + So snh: <(nh hn), >(ln hn), =(bng), <=(nh hn hoc bng), >=(ln hn hoc bng), <>(khc). + Lgic: Not(ph nhn), And (v), Or(hoc), if(nu) b/. Th t u tin ca cc php ton. + M (^) + Nhn (*) v chia (/). + Cng (+) v tr (-). + Lgc + so snh. + Du ng, m ngoc n thay i th t u tin cho php tnh. + Trong mt cng thc nu m bao nhiu ngoc n th cng phi ng by nhiu ngoc. 2/. Xc nh cc tham chiu p dng cho cng thc. + Tham chiu (a ch) c xc nh bng cch dng hng v ct. VD: A1, A2, B1, + Tham chiu (a ch) khi c xc nh bi u tin bn tri trn v cui cng bn phi di. Tham chiu ca mt khi c cch nhau bi du hai chm (:). VD: (A1: C20) + a ch tham chiu tng i: L a ch tham chiu khi cp py cng thc tham chiu s c thay tng ng cng dng v ct VD: A1,A2,A3.

+ a ch tham chiu tuyt i: L mt tham chiu khng b thay i khi sao chp mt cng thc. c mt cng thc tuyt i cn g $vo trc a ch tng i.VD: $a$1, $A$3 3/. Dng cc cng thc s hc. + C php cu lnh ca mt cng thc: =(a ch 1 {php tnh} a ch 2 {php tnh} .{php tnh} a ch n). VD: = (A1+A2+A3*A7) * Nhp xong cng thc g Enter s cho kt qu. + C th nhp mt cng thc bt c no trn bng tnh, kt qu s c t ti nhp cng thc. + Hiu chnh mt cng thc: - Kch p vo cha cng thc, (hoc chn cha cng thc ri nhn phm F2), cng thc s hin li. - G li cng thc. - Nhn phm Enter kt thc sa cng thc. 4/. S dng cc hm mu tnh ton. Hm l mt cng thc lm sn thc hin mt php tnh chuyn trch i vi cc d liu bng tnh. Hm cng c bt u bng du bng v danh sch i s c nm trong du ng, m ngoc n (lu du m ngoc phi c g lin k vi du bng nu cch th Excel s bo li Name (tn)). C php chung ca mt hm: =Tn hm(danh sch cc i s) Nu trong hm c t hai i s tr ln th phi c cch nhau bi du phy. a/ Cch ch nh tham chiu cho hm tnh ton. + Ch nh cc ring l. C c php nh sau: = Tn hm(a ch 1, a ch 2, .,a ch n). VD: Sum(a1,a2,a3,a4) 10

+ Ch nh mt nhm . C c php nh sau: = Tn hm(a ch u:a ch cui) VD: Sum(a1:a4) cng nh cng thc trrn. b/. Mt s hm thng dng. * Hm Sum: cho kt qu l tng cc gi tr trong danh sch i s. C php: =Sum(danh sch cc i s). VD: Sum(A1:G1). * Hm Average(): Cho kt qu l trung bnh cng ca danh sch i s) C php: =Average(danh sch i s). VD: Average(A1:A20). * Hm Max: Cho kt qu l gi tr ln nht trong danh sch tham chiu. C php: =Max(danh sch i s) VD: Max(b1,b2,a4,a5) * Hm Min: Cho kt qu l gi tr nh nht trong danh sch tham chiu. C php: =Min(danh sch i s) VD: Min(B1:B6) * Hm Count: Cho kt qu s lng cc c gi tr trong danh sch i s. Hay cn gi l hm m. C php: =Count(danh sch i s) VD: Count(A2:A40) * Hm Round: Lm trn s thp phn n hng c ch nh. C php: = Round(danh sch gi tr s, n) n l s hng cn lm trn. 11

VD: Round(123.456,1) cho kt qu 123.5. c/. S dng copy cng thc t ng cho bng tnh. Cch 1: + Tnh chun xc cho ngi u tin. + Chn cha kt qu. + t con tr vo gc di bn phi ca khi con tr chut bin thnh hnh du cng en. + Kch chut, gi v r xung (ngang) qua cc cn tnh. + Nh chut cng thc c cp nht theo a ch tham chiu mi v hin th kt qu ngay. Cch 2: + Chn cha cng thc. + Nhn phm Ctrl+C hoc chn lnh Copy trn thanh cng c. + Bi en cc cn copy cng thc + Nhn phm Enter hoc chn lnh Paste trn thanh cng c hoc Ctrl+V. d/. Mt s li cng thc thng gp. + li #####: Do nhp d liu s hp hn d liu nhp. Khc phc li cn iu chnh rng hp l. + Li #DIV/O!: Cng thc chia mt s vi 0, Excel coi trng chnh l 0. khc phc: Thay s chia phi khc khng. + #NAME?: Cng thc cha mt tn hm sai tn m Excel khng nhn ra. Cn kim tra li tn hm. + Li #VALUE!: Cng thc c tham chiu khng hp l cho php tnh. 12

+ Ch : khng nhp cng thc c tham chiu ng l ang nhp cng thc. Nu nhp nh vy Excel s thng bo bng mt bng.

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Bi 3: nh dng bng tnh. 1/. nh dng Font ch, c ch, mu ch. Cch 1: + Chn ni dung cn nh dng. + Kch chut vo nt Font, Size, Color ch trn thanh cng c thay i Font, c v mu ca ch. Cch 2: + Chn ni dung cn nh dng. + Vo Menu Format / Cell/ xut hin hp thoi.

+ Chn nhn Font. + Chn ch, kiu ch, c ch, kiu gch chn, mu ch, kiu gch ngang ch, ch s trn (m2 ), Ch s di (h20). 2/. nh dng cn chnh cho bng tnh. Cch 1: + Chn ni dung cn nh dng. 14

+ Kch chn mt s lnh nh dng cn chnh trn thanh cng c nh: Cn tri (Left), gia (Center), Phi (Right), Cn gia nhng s gp nhiu c chn thnh mt (Merge and Center). Cch 2: + Chn ni dung cn nh dng. + Vo Menu Format / Cells../Xut hin hp thoi.

+ Chn nhn Alignment. + Horizontal: Chn cn chnh vn bn trong theo cc kiu cn cn dc. + Vertical: Chn cc kiu cn chnh theo chiu ngang. + Indent: nh gi tr khong tht vo. + Wrap text: Nu chn s cho g vn bn t ng xung dng khi khng chiu rng , khng chn th vn bn s c trn sang cc bn phi.

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+ Shrink to Fit: Cho ni dung ch trong va vi kch thc nu d liu di hn. + Merge Cells: Chn/ khng chn gp nhiu thnh mt . + Orientation: Chn cc kiu d liu xuay vng theo cc gc khc nhau. + Degreec: Nhp gi tr gc quay cho ch c chn. + Chn OK. 3/. nh dng cc con s. Khi thay i nh dng con s s khng lm thay i gi tr ca n. ** C th thm cc s 0 pha sau ch s thp phn bng hai cch. Cch 1: + Chn ni dung s cn nh dng. + Kch chut vo nt trn thanh cng thm vo ch s 0 (mi ln nhn c mt ch) + Kch chut v nt bt i mt ch s thp phn (mi ln nhn bt c mt ch) Cch 2: + Chn ni dung s cn nh dng. + Vo Menu Format / Cells / Xut hin hp thoi.

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+ Chn nhn Number/ chn Number. + Chn pha sau. + Chn nghn bng du phy. Cch 1: + Chn d liu cn nh dng ng vin. + Kch chn nt trn thanh cng c k vin theo mu danh sch lit k. Cch 2: + Chn d liu cn nh dng ng vin. + Vo Menu Format / Cells / Xut hin hp thoi. c n s thp phn 0 c du phn cch hng

4/. nh dng ng vin cho bng tnh.

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+ Chn nhn Border. Chn la cc kiu k ng vin, mu ng vin, mu ng vin. + Chn xong kch chut OK. 5/. nh dng mu nn cho bng tnh. Cch 1: + Chn cc cn nh dng mu. + Kch chut tri trn nt cng c la chn mu theo thch. Cch 2: + Chn cc cn nh dng mu. + Vo Menu Format / Cells / xut hin hp thoi. trn thanh

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+ Chn nhn Patterns. Sau la chn mu theo thch. + Pattern: Cho chn lp mu che trn nn khc nhau. + Kch chn OK. 6/. Sao chp tnh nng mt nh dng. + Chn ni dung nh dng mu. + Kch chut vo nt trn thanh cng c khi con tr chut bin thnh hnh ci chi. + Kch chut tri gi v r qua cc i tng cn sao chp nh dng mu. + Nh chut mu c p dng. 7/. p dng mu nh dng bng tnh c sn. + Chn cn nh dng. + Vo Format / AutFormat. Xut hin hp thoi.

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+ Chn la cc kiu bng c sn + Kch OK.

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Bi 4: Tm hiu mt s hm Logic (hm lun l) thng dng.

1/. Hm AND. + C php: =AND(iu kin 1, iu kin 2, iu kin 3,.) + Cng dng: Hm And s tr v kt qu sai nu ch mt trong cc iu kin l sai v ch tr v gi tr ng khi tt c cc iu kin l ng. + VD: =AND(3=3,4=4,1=1) lc ny hm AND s tr v gi tr ng (TRUE); =AND(3<2, 1=1, 2=2) lc ny s tr v gi tr l sai (False). 2/. Hm OR. + C php: = OR(iu kin 1, iu kin 2, iu kin 3,) + Cng dng: Hm OR s tr v kt qu ng (TRUE) nu ch cn mt trong cc iu kin l ng v ch sai khi tt c cc iu kin l sai. + VD: Nu vit =OR(3=2, 3=4, 4=5, 1=1) th s nhn c kt qu l ng (TRUE). Nu Vit: =OR(3<2, 2=1) s nhn c kt qu l sai (FALSE). 3/. Hm IF. + C php: =IF(iu kin, tr ng, tr sai) hu ht khi gp iu kin th u cn s dng hm IF. + Cng dng: - i vi iu kin: l mt mnh lun l, mnh c th l n hay phc tu vo bi ton. VD: mt mnh n ch l mt php ton so snh A1>5, cn mt mnh phc c th l mt hm khc lng vo, And(A1>5,C3>6). 21

- i vi tr ng: s c tr v khi iu kin(mnh ) trn l ng. - Tr si: s c tr v khi iu kin (mnh ) trn l sai. + V d: =IF(3>2, ba ln hn hai, ba khng ln hn hai) khi Excel kim tra iu kin 3>2 v iu kin ny l ng cho nn Excel s ly tr ng lm kt qu. 4/. Ch khi nhp mt hm. + Nu trong danh sch i s ca mt hm c dng ti chui vn bn th phi c t trong du ngoc kp. + Khi nhp cng thc c th kch chut tri vo a ch tham chiu khng phi g t bn phm, nu mun chn a ch ca mt khi kch chut ko chn khi . 5/. Ch khi nhp vn bn. + Khng c bt u bng du =. + Mun xung dng trong dang nhp cn nhn Phm Alt + Enter.

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Bi 5: T chc c s d liu 1/. Lc d liu t ng. + Thnh lp mt bng tnh cn lc d liu t ng. + Chn ton b d liu ca bng tnh (hoc chn ton b dng tiu ). + Vo Menu Data / Filter/ AutoFilter. + S xut hin cc nt nh bn cnh cc tiu ct. + Mun lc ct no kch chut vo nt hnh tam gic ch xung ca ct . s xut hin mt danh sch cho la chn. - All: Hin th tt c cc dng. - Top 10: Ch cho hin th 10 dng (hoc 1,2,.dng) cao nht hay thp nht ca ct . Nu chn Top cho hin th gi tr cao nht, Bottom cho hin th gi tr thp nht.

- Ngoi ra cn c th chn cho hin th theo s phn trm (Percent) dng trong bng tnh. + Cc con s hoc ch hin th theo danh sch chnh l iu kin Excel lc theo s la chn . Nu chn mt trong cc la chn th ch nhng dng c iu kin nh vy mi c hin th. + Nu mun thi, dng la chn lc t ng ch cn chn li lnh ny mt ln na. 2/. Lc theo iu kin v trch d liu lc ra v tr khc. 23

a/ Chun b vng iu kin. Vng iu kin ny l ni yu cu Excel trch d liu ra theo nhng yu cu c th. ** Ch : Khi nhp vng iu kin yu cu phi nhp ng nh tiu v d liu ca ca ct cn lc, Khng c php sai st nh. b/ a tr chut vo vng cha d liu, hoc c th chn vng cha d liu . c/. Chn Menu Data / Filter / AdvancedFilter. Xut hin ca s la chn.

- Chn Copy to another location: d liu mi trch ra s nm mt ni khc. - Vng List range: Vng ny nhp a ch tham chiu ca vng d liu cha ni dung cn trch, (lc) ra. - Vng Criteria range: Vng iu kin, y l vng a ch cha iu kin yu cu Excel lc d liu. - Copy to: Vng ny nhp a ch cn a d liu mi lc ra nm u?. d/. Cui cng kch chn OK. D liu lc s c a ra vng mi. 3/. D tm d liu thng qua hm tm kim. 24

a/. Hm tm kim VLOOKUP (tm kim trn ct). + C php hm: = VLOOKUP(tr tm kim, vng tm kim, ct ly v, cch tm kim). + V d: =VLOOKUP(A1,M5:N9,2,TRUE) + Gii thch: - Tr tm kim: l gi tr hay a ch cn tm trn vng tm kim. - Vng tm kim: L a ch vng cha cc d liu tm kim v ly v. - Ct ly v: Trn vng tm kim c th cha nhiu ct, ti thiu phi c 2: mt ct cha cc gi tr tm trn v mt ct cha cc gi tr dng qua v ly v. Trong vng tm kim ct tri ngoi cng c quy c l ct mt v ct tip theo l hai - Cch tm kim: Ch c hai cch chn mt l TRUE hai l FALSE. Thng thng khng cn chn la no Excel t ng d tm. b/ Hm HLOOKUP (tm kim trn dng hay hng). + C php: = HLOOKUP(tr tm kim, vng tm kim, hng ly v, cch tm kim). + VD: =HLOOKUP(A1,M5:N9,2,TRUE). + Gii thch: - Tr tm kim: l gi tr hay a ch cn tm trn vng tm kim. - Vng tm kim: L a ch vng cha cc d liu tm kim v ly v. - Hng ly v: tng t nh trn nhng y l tm kim v ly d liu trn hng. - Cch tm kim nh trn. 25

*** Ch khi nhp hm VLOOKUP, HLOOKUP vng tm kim cn phi nhp a ch tuyt i. 4/. Sp xp d liu: + Chn khi d liu cn sp xp (ch chn vng cha d liu sp xp, khng c chn cc dng tng hp) + Thc hin lnh Data / Sort xut hin hp thoi.

+ Ti vng sort by: Cho chn ct chnh cn sp xp. - Ascending: Sp xp tng dn. - Descending: Sp xp gim dn. + Then by: Cho chn kho sp xp ph khi gp trng hp trng nhau c sp xp chnh th s thc hin yu cu kho then by ny. + Kch chn OK. * Khi sp xp xong cn in li s th t bi v s th t cng b thay i theo th t sp xp.

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Bi 6: To biu v in n I/. To biu trong Excel. 1/. V biu : + Chn d liu cha thng tin v biu . + Vo Menu Insert / Chart hoc kch chut vo biu tng Chart (hnh biu ) trn thanh cng c. Xut hin hp thoi chn biu .

+ Chn kiu biu thch hp kch chut vo Next. Xut hin hp thoi.

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+ V biu theo ct th chn Columns, theo dng th chn Rows Chn next tip. Xut hin hp thoi.

+ Cho nhp tiu ca biu . kch chn Next tip, xut hin hp thoi. 28

+ Ti hp ny cho chn chn biu ti bng tnh hin thi (As object in) hay chn sang mt bng tnh mi (As new sheet). + Kch Finish kt thc. 2/ thay i kch thc, mu, Font ch, mu ch, c ch thao tc tng t nh Word. II/. In bng tnh. 1/. Xem trc khi in: Tng t Word. 2/. Thay i l cho trang. + Vo Menu File / Page setup / xut hin hp thoi.

+ Chn nhn Margins. 29

+ Thay i cc l trn di, tri phi. In bng tnh vo gia trang giy bng cch nh du chn vo Horizontally: cn gia theo chiu dc, Vertically: theo chiu ngang. 3/. In bng tnh. + Vo File / Print hoc nhn Ctrl + P xut hin hp thoi.

+ All: In ht. + Pages: Trang cn in. + Selection: In theo nhng la chn. + Active sheet(s), in ti bng tnh hin thi. + Entire workbook: In ht cc i tng chn.

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