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MC LC

Li m u ................................................................................................................................2 1: C S L LUN: ................................................................................................................3 I. II. III. 1. 2. BO HIM L G: ........................................................................................................3 CC LOI HNH BO HIM: .................................................................................3 VAI TR CA BO HIM NI CHUNG ...............................................................6 B p thit hi, khc phc tn tht. .........................................................................6 Tng cng cng tc phng v hn ch tn tht ...................................................7

3. S dng hiu qu nhng khon tin nhn ri, to c ngun vn ln u t vo lnh vc khc ...............................................................................................................7 4. 5. Tng thu ngn sch nh nc.....................................................................................7 To tm l an tm trong kinh doanh, trong cuc sng. .............................................8

IV. S CN THIT KHCH QUAN CA BO HIM I VI KINH T MT QUC GIA. ...........................................................................................................................8 PHN II: THC TRNG NGNH BO HIM VIT NAM ......................................... 10 I. 1. 2. 3. 4. II. S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN TH TRNG BO HIM VIT NAM..... 10 Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin .......................................................................... 10 Vi nt v Lut kinh doanh Bo him ca Vit Nam............................................... 12 Cc t chc kinh doanh bo him ti Vit Nam ...................................................... 15 Hip hi bo him Vit Nam ..................................................................................... 17 THC TRNG NGNH BO HIM TI VIT NAM......................................... 18

PHN III: GII PHP CHO S PHT TRIN NGNH BO HIM VIT NAM HIN NAY ......................................................................................................................................... 21 I. V PHA NH NC ................................................................................................. 21

II. V PHA CC CNG TY BO HIM. ..................................................................... 22 III. V PHA CC T CHC KHC........................................................................... 23

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Li m u
Trong cuc sng sinh hot hng ngy cng nh trong hot ng sn xut kinh doanh, d lun ch ngn nga phng nhng con ngi vn lun lun phi i mt vi nguy c ri ro trong mi lnh vc. Cc ri ro xy ra c th do nhiu nguyn nhn nh mi trng, thin nhin, x hi nh: bo lt, hn hn, bnh dch, tai nn Tt c mi ri ro u e da n kh nng ti chnh ca mi c nhn, nhng con ngi khng may gp tai nn. ngn nga, khc phc nhng ri ro ngi ta ngh n vic on kt cng ng, lin hp nhiu ngi li chia s mt mt vi nhng con ngi km may mn . Nh vy, xt trn din rng l c cng ng th hot ng ny tn dng c ti a mi ngun lc x hi v li ch x hi thu c l rt ln. Do vy, cc cng ty bo him xut hin. Ngy nay khi nn kinh t hng ha tin t ngy cng pht trin thi ngi ta cn bit n bo him nh cc t chc phi ngn hng m trong n thc hin chc nng nh mt trung gian ti chnh, tc l gp phn gii quyt hin tng thiu tha vn din ra thng xuyn trong nn kinh t, m bo cho qu trnh tun hon vn c din ra tri chy v nhanh chng Qua vi iu s lc trn ta nhn thy bo him c vai tr quan trng i vi con ngi, x hi, nn kinh t. bit c th hn v bo him cng nh vai tr v s pht trin ca bo him nc ta, cc bn hy cng vi chng ti tm hiu v ti: S cn thit khch quan ca bo him vi kinh t mt quc gia ni chung.

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1: C S L LUN:

I.

BO HIM L G: C nhiu nh ngha khc nhau cho khi nim bo him, di y l nh ngha v

bo him ca mt s t chc: - Theo Dennis Kessler: Bo him l s ng gp ca s ng vo s bt hnh ca s t. - Theo Monique Gaullier: Bo him l mt nghip v qua , mt bn l ngi c bo him cam oan tr mt khon tin gi l ph bo him thc hin mong mun cho mnh hoc cho ngi th ba trong trng hp xy ra ri ro s nhn c mt khon n b cc tn tht c tr bi mt bn khc: l ngi bo him. Ngi bo him nhn trch nhim i vi ton b ri ro v n b cc thit hi theo cc phng php ca thng k. - Tp on bo him AIG ca M nh ngha: Bo him l mt c ch, theo c ch ny, mt ngi, mt doanh nghip hay mt t chc chuyn nhng ri ro cho cng ty bo him, cng ty s bi thng cho ngi c bo him cc tn tht thuc phm vi bo him v phn chia gi tr thit hi gia tt c nhng ngi c bo him. - Lut Kinh doanh bo him ca Vit Nam : Kinh doanh bo him l hot ng ca doanh nghip bo him nhm mc ch sinh li, theo doanh nghip bo him chp nhn ri ro ca ngi c bo him, trn c s bn mua bo him ng ph bo him doanh nghip bo him tr tin bo him cho ngi th hng hoc bi thng cho ngi c bo him khi xy ra s kin bo him. - Bn cht ca bo him: L vic phn chia tn tht ca mt hoc mt s ngi cho tt c nhng ngi tham gia bo him cng chu. Bo him hot ng da trn Quy lut s ng (the law of large numbers). II. CC LOI HNH BO HIM:

1. Nhm sn phm Bo him Ti sn: - Bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit (FIRE)

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- Bo him mi ri ro ti sn (PAR) - Bo him mi ri ro cng nghip (IAR) - Bo him ho hon nh t nhn - Bo him tin (MN) - Bo him trm cp (THI) - Bo him gin on kinh doanh sau mi ri ro ti sn - Bo him gin on kinh doanh sau ho hon v ri ro c bit - Bo him mi ri ro vn phng 2. Nhm sn phm Bo him K thut: - Bo him mi ri ro xy dng (CAR) - Bo him mi ri ro lp t (EAR) - Bo him my mc thit b ch thu (CPM) - Bo him v my mc (MB) - Bo him thit b in t (EEI) - Bo him ni hi (NH) - Bo him cng trnh k thut dn dng hon thnh (CDD) 3. Nhm sn phm Bo him Trch nhim: - Bo him trch nhim cng cngBo him trch nhim ngh nghip - Bo him trch nhim sn phm v trch nhim cng cng - Bo him trch nhim sn phm v trch nhim cng cng din rng - Bo him trch nhim c nhn - Bo him trch nhim ca ngi s dng lao ng - Bo him trch nhim cng ty chng nhn - Bo him trch nhim ngh nghip bc s - Bo him trch nhim ngh nghip lut s - Bo him trch nhim ngh nghip t vn thit k - Bo him trch nhim i vi bn th ba 4. Nhm sn phm mi - Bo him tn dng h sn xut nng nghip
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5. Nhm sn phm bo him tai nn - Bo him tai nn con ngi 24/24 - Bo him tai nn con ngi trn 10.000USD - Bo him tai nn lao ng thuyn vin - Bo him tai nn ngi s dng in 6. Bo him sinh mng - Bo him sinh mng c nhn - Bo him sinh mng ngi vay tn chp 7. Nhm bo him hc sinh, gio vin - Bo him hc sinh, sinh vin - Bo him gio vin - Bo him chm sc sc khe ton din cho hc sinh 8. Nhm bo him tai nn hnh khch - Bo him tai nn hnh khch ng st - Bo him tai nn hnh khch ng sng - Bo him tai nn hnh khch ng khng - Bo him tai nn hnh khch ng b 9. Nhm bo him du lch - Bo him ngi Vit Nam du lch trong nc - Bo him ngi nc ngoi du lch ti Vit Nam - Bo him ngi Vit Nam du lch ti nc ngoi - Bo him du lch nc ngoi ngn hn - Bo him y t cho ch th tn dng - Bo him bo an cng chc 10. Nhm loi hnh bo him khc - Bo him con ngi kt hp mc trch nhim cao - Bo him chm sc sc kho ton din 11. Bo him t Xe my - Bo him TNDS bt buc m t xe my
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- Bo him TNDS t nguyn m t xe my - Bo him vt cht m t xe my - Bo him tai nn ngi ngi trn xe v li xe 12. Bo him Xe t - Bo him TNDS bt buc xe t - Bo him TNDS t nguyn xe t - Bo him vt cht xe t - Bo him tai nn li ph v ngi ngi trn xe t - Bo him TNDS i vi hng ho trn xe t 13. Bo him hng ha vn chuyn - Hng xut khu - Hng nhp khu - Hng vn chuyn ni a 14. Nhm bo him tu thuyn - Bo him thn tu - Bo him trch nhim dn s - Bo him ng tu - Bo him ri ro cng III. VAI TR CA BO HIM NI CHUNG 1. B p thit hi, khc phc tn tht. B p thit hi, khc phc tn tht l tc dng ch yu ca bo him v cng xut pht chnh t nhu cu ny m bo him ra i. Ni n bo him l ni n kh nng bi thng khi c tn tht xy ra, v vai tr ca cc cng ty bo him l cung cp cc loi dch v c bit nhm khi phc kh nng vt cht, ti chnh nh trc khi xy ra ri ro, hoc bi thng cho ngi th hng trong hp ng bo him con ngi. Khi c tn tht xy n vi i tng c bo him th nhim v c bn ca bo him l khc phc nhng hu qu , n nh i sng v qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh. Theo s liu ca Hip hi bo him Vit Nam. Ton th trng gii quyt bi thng 3.540 t ng,

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chim 35.9% doanh thu, trong cc doanh nghip c t l bi thng cao bao gm AIG 70.4%, Bo Minh 57.8%, QBE 49%. 2. Tng cng cng tc phng v hn ch tn tht Bn cnh kh nng gii quyt cc hu qu ca ri ro, bo him cn gp phn thc hin mt ni dung trong cc bin php ri ro. l phng v hn ch mc thp nht nhng tn tht c th xy. Nh , nhng thit hi ng tic v ngi v ti sn c gim thiu v nhng hu qu v kinh t - x hi cng c ch ng phng trnh. 3. S dng hiu qu nhng khon tin nhn ri, to c ngun vn ln u t vo lnh vc khc Trong cuc sng cng nh trong kinh doanh, ngi ta lun phai tnh n nhng ri ro c th gp phi, v lun mun ch ng trong tnh ung xu nht. Vic tuej khc phc ri ro i hi cc c nhn, t chc phi b ra mt khon tin ln lp qu d phng. Xt trn ton x hi, tng cc qu d phng s l mt khon tin khng nh, c nh nng sinh li ln nu em u t. Do vy, ngi ta c th ng cho cc cng tu bo him mt khon i sng hoc u t kinh doanh. Bo him tr thnh la chn ti u trong mi trng y ri ro hin nay, m bo mc an ton tng i v kh nng ti chnh khi xa ra ri ro m vn khng gy ng vn. Ngy nay, cc cng ty bo him l mt knh huy ng vn khng th thiu ca nn kinh t v ang ngy cng c khai thc hiu qu do phm vi hot ng rng v cc loi hnh bo him phong ph. Thng qua cc hp ng bo him, cc cng ty bo him tp trung lng tim phn tn ri rc thnh nhng qu tin t ln. Qu bo him tr thnh mt nh ch ti chnh trung gian quan trng. c bit thng qua bo him nhn th, bo him khuyn khch cc tng lp nhn dn tng cng tit kim v qua thu ht c mt khi lng vn nhn ri u t.

4. Tng thu ngn sch nh nc Hng nm, thng qua vic np thu, bo him ng gp mt phn khng nh vo ngn sch nh nc. Bn cnh , bo him gp phn tit kim cho ngn sch thng qua vic tt khu phng nga v hn ch tn tht, gip bo v ti a ti sn cng
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cng, gim n mc thp nht nhng thit hi ng tic. iu ny gip nh nc gim bt chi tiu nhng khon ln b p nhng tn tht nh phi xy dng ng x, cu cng, nh xng, cng trnh ngoi ra, mt th trng bo him pht trin mnh m v n nh s thu ht cc c nhn v t chc mua bo him ca cng ty bo him trong nc, gp phn tit kim mt khon ngoi t ln cho ngn sch nh nc. 5. To tm l an tm trong kinh doanh, trong cuc sng. Khi kinh doanh ngy cng pht trin, i sng x hi ngy cng c nng cao th ngi ta cng c nhu cu c m bo an ton cho tng lai. Mi trng kinh doanh cng nh mi trng x hi ang dn xut hin nhng ri ro mi. Nhng ri ro thin nhin nh bo l, hn hn, chy rng t nhin ang tr ln ht sc phc tp. Th gii ang bin trin ht sc phc tp, kh on nh chin tranh, khng b, xung t. trong tnh hnh nh vy, bo him chnh l mt gii php hu hiu, gp phn tch cc to ra tm l an tm trong kinh doanh trong cuc sng cho con ngi.

IV.

S CN THIT KHCH QUAN CA BO HIM I VI KINH T

MT QUC GIA. Trong qu trnh sn xut v ti sn xut, con ngi vi t cch l ch th ca hot ng c thc, lun phi i u vi cc ri ro, bt trc. Hai lo ri ro thng gp l: Ri ro gn lin vi t nhin v ri ro nhn to (Ngun gc k thut v x hi) Tc ng ca ri ro ca cc yu t khng th kim sot c nh nu trn lm cho con ngi trong i sng, sn xut khng thu c kt qu nh nh trc v hu qu l tao ra s mt cn xng trong qu trnh sn xut, x hi. chnh l tin khch quan cho s ra i ca bo him ni ring v cc loi qu d tr ni chung. Tn ti song song cc loi qu d tr trong nn kinh t x hi. Bo him nh l mt cng c an ton thc hin chc nng c bn ca mnh. l: bo v con ngi, bo v ti sn vt cht x hi. S tch ly ca qu d tr l mt tt yu v kinh t c PH Anghen chng minh l v s tn ti trn c s tt c cc qu trnh pht trin x hi, chnh tr v vn minh.
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S tn ti ca bo him ngy cng c nhiu c s kinh t vng chc khi kinh t hng ha hnh thnh v pht trin vi khi lng x hi ngy cng nhiu v mt phn trong l sn phm thng d. Hin nay nc ta, vic chuyn hng nn kinh t sang c ch th trng to ra ng lc thc y vic khai thc v pht trin mi tim nng sng to; to ra c mt ngun hng ha, dch v phong ph, trong mt khi lng ln gi tr mi. y chnh l tin ny sinh v pht trin mnh m nhu cu m bo bo him v l c s vng chc cho s hnh thnh v tn ti ca qu bo him.

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PHN II: THC TRNG NGNH BO HIM VIT NAM

I. S HNH THNH V PHT TRIN TH TRNG BO HIM VIT NAM 1. Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin Bo him Vit Nam ra i kh mun so vi s pht trin chung ca ngnh bo him th gii do nhiu iu kin ch quan cng nh khch quan. Tuy nhin, hin nay, ngnh bo him ang dn dn bt kp xu th pht trin chung ca bo him trong khu vc v quc t v ngy cng chng t vai tr khng th thiu c ca mnh i vi nn kinh t. Chng ta c th nhn thy iu ny khi theo di qu trnh pht trin ca ngnh bo him Vit Nam t nhng ngy u n nay. a. Giai on trc 30/4/1975 Hot ng bo him nc ta t nhiu cng c nhng bc pht trin ngay t thi thc dn Php. Cho ti khi min Bc c gii phng, t nc b chia ct, hot ng kinh doanh bo him min Nam kh pht trin di ch Ngy quyn. * min Nam trc nm 1975, c hn 52 cng ty trong v ngoi nc trin khai cc loi hnh nghip v kh a dng nh bo him ha hon, bo him chuyn ch, bo him xe t ng, bo him sinh mng, bo him tai nn lao ng... Cc cng ty hot ng kh mnh m, p ng c phn no nhu cu v bo him trn ton th trng min Nam. Cc cng ty bo him trong nc thng c thnh lp di dng Hi v danh v Hi tng h. Cc cng ty nc ngoi thnh lp Vit Nam di hnh thc cng ty chi nhnh. Hu ht cc cng ty u t tr s chnh Si Gn. Mng li trung gian bo him l mi gii v i l bo him c s dng ph bin kinh doanh bo him trn phm vi ton min Nam. m bo cho hot ng kinh doanh c tri chy, cnh tranh lnh mnh, cc cng ty bo him sm thnh lp hip hi ngh nghip bo him ca mnh. Hip hi c chc nng thng tin t vn, o to, to ra mt mi trng hp tc. Vic qun l nh nc i vi hot ng bo him c thc hin thng qua B Ti

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chnh. Cc vn bn php lut iu chnh nh Lut bo him cng sm ra i. Ngoi ra, Hi ng t vn bo him quc gia cng ng vai tr kh quan trng. * min Bc trc nm 1975, hot ng bo him ch thc s bt u khi c s ra i ca Bo Vit. p ng nhu cu v bo him trong hot ng ngoi thng, ngy 17/12/1964, Th tng Chnh ph ra quyt nh thnh lp Cng ty Bo him Vit Nam, gi tt l Bo Vit. n ngy 15/01/1965, Bo Vit chnh thc i vo hot ng. y cng l cng ty bo him Nh nc duy nht i din cho ngnh bo him Vit Nam. T ngy thnh lp cho n trc nm 1975, do nhng iu kin kh khn ca chin tranh, hot ng ca Bo Vit min Bc cha pht trin. Lc by gi, Bo Vit ch c tr s H Ni v chi nhnh Hi Phng thc hin ch yu 3 nghip v: bo him hng ha xut nhp khu, bo him thn tu v ti bo him. T l ti bo him cho Trung Quc, Bc Triu Tin v Ba Lan lc cng tng i cao. b. Giai on t sau 30/4/1975 n trc 18/12/1993 * Sau khi min Nam hon ton gii phng, cng nh tt c cc ngnh kinh t khc, cc cng ty bo him c ca min Nam c tin hnh quc hu ho. Cng ty Bo him v Ti bo him Vit Nam c thnh lp thc hin tip trch nhim ca cc cng ty c i vi nhng ngi c bo him mun tip tc hp ng. i vi cc cng ty bo him nc ngoi, cng ty c trch nhim thanh ton v i n theo ng hp ng. Nm 1976, khi hon ton thng nht t nc v mt Nh nc, cng ty c chuyn thnh chi nhnh ca cng ty bo him Vit Nam ti thnh ph H Ch Minh. Thi k ny, Bo Vit l cng ty duy nht hot ng kinh doanh bo him Vit Nam theo ch hch ton k ton kinh t thng nht ton ngnh. Cng ty trc thuc B Ti chnh, c chc nng gip B Ti chnh thng nht qun l cng tc bo him Nh nc v trc tip tin hnh nghip v bo him trong c nc. Trong giai on ny, Vit Nam, Bo Vit c quyn kinh doanh bo him nn cc sn phm ca Bo Vit cha a dng, ch yu thc hin cc nghip v bo him phi nhn th vi khong 20 sn phm bo him. C th ni, thi gian ny, hot ng bo him nc ta vn cha pht trin.

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Nm 1986 nh du mt bc ngot trong s nghip pht trin kinh t ca nc ta. Ngh quyt i hi ng Cng sn Vit Nam ln th VI din ra vo nm ny a ra chnh sch i mi, to thun li cho cc thnh phn kinh t tham gia kinh doanh theo cc quy nh ca php lut. ng thi, Vit Nam cng tin hnh m ca nn kinh t, thu ht u t t nhiu quc gia, khu vc. Hot ng sn xut - kinh doanh tng bc pht trin, i sng nhn dn c nng cao i hi ngnh bo him cng phi i mi p ng nhu cu, thch hp vi hon cnh mi. S xut hin ca cc cng ty bo him mi, cng ty lin doanh, cng ty c phn, cng ty 100% vn nc ngoi... c ngha rt ln i vi qu trnh pht trin bo him nc ta. c. Giai on t 18/12/1993 n nay: Ngy 18/12/1993, ngh nh 100/N-CP v hot ng kinh doanh bo him c Chnh ph ban hnh, m ra bc pht trin mi cho ngnh bo him Vit Nam. N ph v th c quyn ang tn ti, to tin cho s ra i ca cc t chc bo him vi nhiu hnh thc khc nhau thuc mi thnh phn kinh t. Mc d vy, phi t sau nm 1995, mt lot cc cng ty kinh doanh bo him mi ra i: Bo Minh, VINARE, PVI, PJICO... v cc cng ty lin doanh bo him nh: UIC, VIA,... Ngoi ra, vi khong 40 vn phng i din ca cc cng ty bo him nc ngoi v hn 70.000 i l bo him th trng bo him Vit Nam ang pht trin ngy mt si ng. Vic m ca th trng bo him cng nh s xut hin ca cc cng ty mi to iu kin cho bo him pht trin mnh m trong mt mi trng cnh tranh ngy cng quyt lit. Cc cng ty lin tc hon thin nhng sn phm c, ng thi nghin cu v gii thiu nhng loi hnh nghip v bo him mi a dng v hp dn. Ngi tham gia bo him c th t do la chn ngi bo him, loi hnh dch v bo him vi mc ph cnh tranh nht. Trong tng lai, nhu cu bo him s ngy cng a dng hn v s lng, chng loi sn phm chc chn s cn c rng m. Khng ch c vy, nng cao tnh cnh tranh, cng tc chm sc khch hng cng ngy cng c ch trng. Bo him Vit Nam c nh gi l mt th trng vn ang rt giu tim nng pht trin. 2. Vi nt v Lut kinh doanh Bo him ca Vit Nam

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Nn kinh t th trng m ra nhiu c hi kinh doanh, nhng ng thi, n cng t ra yu cu phi c nhng bin php qun l thch hp: cht ch m vn m bo tnh linh hot. Theo di qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca bo him Vit Nam, c th thy, ngnh bo him hin nay tin bc sang mt giai on mi. Hot ng kinh doanh bo him ngy cng tr nn si ng hn, mc cnh tranh cng dn quyt lit hn nhiu. Yu cu phi c mt lut ring iu chnh hot ng kinh doanh bo him l v cng cp thit bi h thng vn bn php l lin quan vn cha y v ng b. Thy r tm quan trng ca bo him i vi nn kinh t - x hi, c bit l s cn thit ca vic qun l cc doanh nghip bo him, ngy 09/12/2000, Quc hi kho X, k hp th 8 ban hnh Lut kinh doanh Bo him (Lut KDBH). y l lut u tin quy nh v hot ng kinh doanh bo him, nhm mc ch bo v quyn v li ch hp php ca cc t chc, c nhn tham gia bo him, y mnh hot ng bo him. Lut KDBH s gp phn thc y v duy tr s pht trin bn vng ca nn kinh t - x hi, n nh i sng nhn dn, ng thi tng cng hiu lc qun l nh nc i vi hot ng kinh doanh bo him. K t khi c hiu lc thi hnh vo ngy 01/04/2001, Lut KDBH pht huy tc dng v chng t c vai tr ca mnh trong vic thc hin cc mc tiu Nh nc ra. Lut KDBH gm 9 chng 129 iu, vi cc ni dung chnh nh sau: Chng I (11 iu): Nhng quy nh chung Chng II (45 iu): Hp ng bo him, trong : + Mc I (18 iu): Quy nh chung v hp ng bo him + Mc II (9 iu): Hp ng bo him con ngi + Mc III (12 iu): Hp ng bo him ti sn + Mc IV (6 iu): Hp ng bo him trch nhim dn s Chng III (26 iu): Doanh nghip bo him, trong : + Mc I (12 iu): Cp giy php thnh lp v hot ng + Mc II (4 iu): T chc bo him tng h + Mc III (3 iu): Chuyn giao hp ng bo him

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+ Mc IV (7 iu): Khi phc kh nng thanh ton, gii th, ph sn doanh nghip bo him : + Mc I (5 iu): i l bo him + Mc II (5 iu): Doanh nghip mi gii bo him Chng V (11 iu): Ti chnh, hch ton k ton v bo co ti chnh Chng VI (15 iu): Doanh nghip bo him v mi gii bo him c vn u Chng VII (3 iu): Qun l nh nc v kinh doanh bo him Chng VIII (4 iu): Khen thng v x l vi phm Chng IX (3 iu): iu khon thi hnh Lut KDBH quy nh chi tit v cc loi hp ng bo him, v cc loi hnh doanh nghip bo him c php hot ng Vit Nam, ng thi a ra nhng ni dung c bn v cng tc qun l... Vic cp giy php thnh lp v hot ng cho DNBH nh iu kin, h s, thi hn cp giy php... c cp n mt cch kh c th. Lut cng dnh ra mt chng quy nh c th v vic cp php, hnh thc, ni dung hot ng... ca DNBH c vn u t nc ngoi. Mt im m ng lu tm Lut KDBH l cc quy nh v doanh nghip bo him (DNBH). Xut pht t cc c trng ring ca hot ng kinh doanh bo him, cc DNBH c php thnh lp v hot ng ti Vit Nam c cc c trng php l ring. Cng ty trch nhim hu hn v doanh nghip t nhn khng c php thnh lp v hot ng kinh doanh bo him v hai loi hnh doanh nghip ny cha p ng c cc yu cu v b my qun l v kim sot, v quy m v kh nng huy ng vn tham gia kinh doanh. Mt khc, do tnh cht php l ring, DNBH phi hot ng n nh, tn ti lu di v khng ph thuc vo s thay i v ch s hu. Nh vy, vic thnh lp DNBH ti Vit Nam c nhng im khc bit so vi nhng quy nh ti cc lut khc nh Lut Doanh nghip Nh nc, Lut Doanh nghip, Lut u t nc ngoi ti Vit Nam. Chng IV (10 iu): i l bo him, doanh nghip mi gii bo him, trong

t nc ngoi

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Cc quy nh v vn trn kh chi tit v c th cho thy n lc ca Nh nc trong vic to ra mt mi trng php l y v hon thin hn. Qua hn 2 nm i vo thc hin, Lut KDBH thc hin tt cc chc nng ca n v p ng c cc yu cu c bn v mt qun l, to thun li cho hot ng kinh doanh bo him nc ta. Tuy nhin, do cn thiu nhiu kinh nghim pht trin v qun l, Lut KDBH vn cn nhiu ch cha c ph hp vi thc t. Vic sa i, b sung sao cho hp l, kp thi i hi rt nhiu n lc t pha Nh nc, cc doanh nghip kinh doanh bo him, cng nh s ng gp kin xc ng t cc c nhn, t chc c lin quan. 3. Cc t chc kinh doanh bo him ti Vit Nam Th trng kinh doanh bo him Vit Nam tr nn rt si ng t sau khi Nh nc c ch trng a dng ho cc loi hnh cng ty kinh doanh bo him. Cc cng ty bo him mi ln lt xut hin, ph b tnh trng c quyn kinh doanh trc . Hin nay, trn th trng c nhiu loi hnh cng ty hot ng tch cc, to ra mt mi trng cnh tranh mi.

STT 1

Tn cng ty Bo Vit

Hnh thc s hu C phn

Lnh vc hot ng Nhn th v phi nhn th

2 3 4

Vinare Bo Minh Aon Inchibrotd

Nh nc C phn 100% ngoi Vn

Ti bo him Phi nhn th nc Mi gii bo him

5 6 7

Bo Long PJICO PVI

C phn C phn C phn

Phi nhn th Phi nhn th Phi nhn th

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8 9 10 11

VIA UIC PTI

Lin doanh Lin doanh C phn

Phi nhn th Phi nhn th Phi nhn th Phi nhn th

Viet- Uc (BIDV- Lin doanh QBE)

12

Allizanz

100% ngoi

Vn

nc Phi nhn th

13

Manulife

100% ngoi

Vn

nc Nhn th

14 15

Bo Minh CMG Prudential

Lin doanh 100% ngoi Vn

Nhn th nc Nhn th

16

AIA

100% ngoi

Vn

nc Nhn th

17

Groupama

100% ngoi

Vn

nc Phi nhn th

18 19 20 21

Vit Quc Samsung _ Vina IAI Grassavoye

C phn Lin doanh Lin doanh 100% ngoi Vn

Mi gii bo him Phi nhn th Phi nhn th nc Mi gii bo him

22

Vin ng

C phn

Phi nhn th

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23 24 25

ng i Vit Prevoir

C phn C phn 100% ngoi Vn

Mi gii bo him Mi gii bo him nc Nhn th

26

ACE Life

100% ngoi

Vn

nc Nhn th

27

Great Life

Eastern 100% ngoi 100% ngoi

Vn

nc Nhn th

28

Cathay Life

Vn

nc Nhn th

4. Hip hi bo him Vit Nam Trong bi cnh ngnh bo him Vit Nam ang pht trin mnh m, cc cng ty u phi rt n lc cnh tranh c th tn ti v ln mnh. Trong qu trnh , cc cng ty bo him cng gp phi nhiu kh khn chung buc h phi hp tc vi nhau cng gii quyt. m bo th trng bo him Vit Nam pht trin lnh mnh, Chnh ph v B Ti chnh cho php thnh lp Hip hi bo him Vit Nam - mt t chc phi chnh ph, i din cho cc doanh nghip bo him hot ng trn th trng. Hip hi c thnh lp cc thnh vin c th cng hp tc, bo v quyn li hp php ca mnh, to mi trng cnh tranh lnh mnh, gp phn xy dng th trng bo him Vit Nam n nh v pht trin. Hip hi bo him Vit Nam c thnh lp ngy 24/09/1999 vi 10 sng lp vin l cc cng ty bo him hng u trn th trng Vit Nam nh: Bo Vit, Bo Minh, VINARE, cc cng ty bo him c phn v lin doanh bo him... v n nay, Hip hi c m rng ln thnh 16 thnh vin. Hip hi bo him Vit Nam c nhim v i din cho cc hi vin, tham gia ng gp kin vo vic son tho cc ch

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trng, chnh sch php lut ca Nh nc v bo him v cc vn c lin quan. ng thi, Hip hi cng ng ra t chc tuyn truyn bo him trong v ngoi nc, thit lp mi quan h vi cc c quan, n v, t chc kinh t v cc on th c lin quan n hot ng ca Hip hi, hp tc vi cc hip hi bo him cc nc. Khi cn thit, Hip hi thc hin vic ho gii tranh chp gia cc hi vin, kin ngh vi cc c quan chc nng ca Nh nc v vic x l cc trng hp vi phm lut trong lnh vc bo him. Trong qu trnh hot ng ca mnh, Hip hi chng t vai tr l t chc i din cho ting ni v quyn li hp php ca cc doanh nghip bo him, ng thi, cng l t chc ng ra phi hp hot ng ca cc thnh vin. Hip hi bo him Vit Nam ra i hon ton ng lc v p ng s cp thit ca th trng, nh du mt bc ngot lch s trn con ng pht trin bo him Vit Nam. y cng l bc m u cho s tng cng hp tc cht ch gia cc doanh nghip bo him, lnh mnh ha v thc y th trng bo him Vit Nam pht trin ng ng li, chnh sch m Nh nc ra. Tuy nhin, do mi c thnh lp, li cha c kinh nghim qun l, kh nng iu tit ca Hip hi cn rt hn ch. Hip hi cha xy dng c cc quy ch gn kt quyn li ca cc thnh vin cng nh cha c mt quy ch t qun thch hp. T chc Hip hi cng thiu c quan gim st thi hnh cc tho thun ca cc thnh vin, dn ti hin tng vt ro v mc ph tho thun cnh tranh, tranh ginh i l gia cc thnh vin... II. THC TRNG NGNH BO HIM TI VIT NAM Bo him l mt lnh vc rt quan trng i vi cc quc gia ni chung v vi Vit Nam ni ring. Khng ch l mt bin php di chuyn ri ro, bo him ngy nay tr thnh mt trong nhng knh huy ng vn hiu qu cho nn kinh t. Thc t hot ng kinh doanh bo him thi gian qua cho thy s ln mnh khng ngng ca ngnh bo him v nhiu tim nng pht trin trong tng lai. Tuy nhin, th trng bo him Vit Nam ang c a dng ha vi tc cao, sc p m ca th trng v thch thc hi nhp ngy cng ln. Ngnh bo him Vit Nam s phi lm g p ng yu cu pht trin kinh t x hi ca t nc v p ng yu cu ca tin trnh hi nhp?

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Kinh doanh bo him l kinh doanh ri ro, chia s tn tht vi khch hng, sn phm bo him l nhng dch v mang tnh c th, ring c, tru tng nhng li rt c th, v thc t hn tt c nhng sn phm khc trn th trng mt khi nhng iu khon trong hp ng bo him c thc thi kp thi, hiu qu. i vi khch hng, ng ph bo him l mua ly s yn tm trong cng vic, chia s lo ngi v nhng mm mng ri ro c th xy ra trong cuc sng. i vi cng ng, bo him gp phn to ln trong vic iu ha cn cn thu nhp, iu tit li ch v n nh x hi. Th trng bo him nc ta trong nhng nm gn y rt si ng, a dng. S lng cng ty hot ng kinh doanh bo him ngy cng tng; cc loi hnh s hu a dng c bo him nhn th v phi nhn th, thuc c ba lnh vc bo him con ngi, bo him ti sn v bo him trch nhim dn s; tnh cnh tranh ca cc cng ty v ang tng bc tho mn tt hn nhu cu ca cc khch hng. Trn th trng bo him xut hin nhiu sn phm mi v kh c o trn c s kt hp gia cc yu t tit kim u t bo v, c cng lun nh gi cao nh sn phm bo him tai nn c nhn cho ngi s dng th ATM, bo him trch nhim sn phm ca ngi chn nui v sn xut thc n gia cm, bo him bnh him ngho Tc tng doanh thu ph ca bo him Vit Nam mc kh cao so vi th gii v khu vc. Mt s cng ty bo him tuy mi i vo hot ng nhng cng t c tc tng trng cao nh Bo Minh, Prudential, PJICO Vn u t cho hot ng kinh doanh bo him tng ln v theo kh nng gi li ph bo him trong nc cng c nng ln tng ng. Qui nh ca nh nc v ti bo him bt buc qua VINARE gip mc ph gi li ca ton th trng tng u qua cc nm. Tng mc ph gi li chim khong 70% tng ph bo him gc, gim c mt lng khng nh ph bo him chy ra nc ngoi. Theo nh gi ca HHBHVN, hin nay doanh thu ph bo him ca th trng mi t mc trn 2% GDP trong khi cc nc pht trin trong khu vc thng t mc 8-10% GDP (bnh qun th gii khong 8%) do , tim nng pht trin ca cc DN bo him vn cn rt ln.

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Cc doanh nghip bo him Vit Nam c kh nng phc v cc ngnh kinh t, cc tng lp nhn dn vi vic tham gia vo nhiu hp ng c mc trch nhim ln ti hng t USD nh bo him trong cc lnh vc hng khng; du kh; Nh my xi mng Chinfon, Nh my in Ph M, cc to nh, khch sn ln cng vi hng nghn nh xng, vn phng Hot ng u t ca cc cng ty ang to ra mt ngun vn ln cho x hi. Cc cng ty bo him Vit Nam ang tch cc hp tc, gip nhau cng c li. Cc cng ty bo him c c bn ng tho thun v khai thc bo him chy v cc ri ro c bit. c bit, s ra i ca Hip hi bo him Vit Nam i din cho cc doanh nghip cng th hin nhng bc tin tch cc ca bo him VitNam. Tuy nhin, cng cn phi nhn thy rng, th trng bo him Vit Nam vn cha thc s p ng c yu cu ca qu trnh pht trin kinh t x hi. Nng lc hot ng ca cc doanh nghip bo him v mi gii bo him cn kh nhiu hn ch. Vic cnh tranh khng lnh mnh gia cc DN bo him ang tnh trnh bo ng. Do cnh tranh gay gt, cc DN bo him h ph bo him, tng phn tr cp cho cc i l, lm gim hiu qu kinh doanh. Cng tc gii quyt bi thng cha c thc hin tt, cha m bo ti a quyn li ca khch hng khi gp thit hi. Cc sn phm bo him tuy a dng hn trc, nhng vn cn hn ch, cha pht trin trong nhiu lnh vc quan trng nh thin tai, nng nghip, tn dng v ri ro ti chnh, hot ng hnh ngh y dc, lut s, dch v k ton, kim ton Bo him chy v cc ri ro c bit cha thc s c y mnh trong khi hng nm, nc ta, tai nn do chy n vn gia tng vi tc cao mt cch ng bo ng. Bn cnh yu t ch quan t cc cng ty, c th thy s thiu hon thin ca h thng vn bn php lut v cng tc qun l Nh nc cng ang nh hng khng nh ti s pht trin lnh mnh ca ngnh bo him.

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PHN III: GII PHP CHO S PHT TRIN NGNH BO HIM VIT NAM HIN NAY
Vic m ca th trng va to ra c hi v thch thc i vi s pht trin ca ngnh bo him Vit Nam ni chung v bn thn cc cng ty bo him trong nc ni ring. Bt u t ngy 1/1/2008, theo cam kt WTO, th trng bo him ca Vit Nam s thc s m ca hon ton, vi vic cho php cng ty bo him c vn u t nc ngoi c cung cp dch v bo him bt buc. Lc , cc doanh nghip bo him trong nc phi chu p lc cnh tranh ln hn, khi s tham gia ca cc nh u t nc ngoi vo th trng bo him Vit Nam nhiu hn, su hn v rng hn. iu ny i hi s n lc t rt nhiu pha: cc c quan Nh nc, cc cng ty bo him trn th trng, cng nh nhng c nhn, t chc khc c ln quan.

I.

V PHA NH NC Nh nc cn thc hin tt cng tc qun l, to c mi trng php l thun

li, ng thi c nhng c ch, chnh sch u i ngnh bo him c c nhng bc pht trin n nh v ng hng; to lp v duy tr mt mi trng kinh doanh an ton, n nh, bnh ng v thun li, trc ht vic xy dng mt khun kh php l ph hp vi s vn ng ca c ch th trng, ng thi i mi phng thc v nng cao nng lc qun l nh nc i vi hot ng kinh doanh bo him, tin dn ti thc hin cc nguyn tc v chun mc qun l bo him quc t. Trong bi cnh Vit Nam ang tch cc hi nhp kinh t quc t, tng bc phi m ca th trng theo cc hip nh v cam kt quc t, ngnh bo him ang ng trc thch thc v vn hi mi, i hi cng tc qun l Nh nc phi c nhng ci cch ph hp. Do vy, vic o to v o to li nhm nng cao trnh ca i ng qun l Nh nc v lnh vc bo him l rt cp thit. ng thi, Nh nc cn tip tc hon thin c ch, chnh sch v hot ng kinh doanh bo him th trng pht trin lnh mnh, an ton, ph hp vi yu cu hi nhp; bo m tnh ch ng v t chu trch nhim ca cc doanh nghip kinh doanh

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bo him. Mt chnh sch ph hp khuyn khch vic tham gia bo him ca cc c nhn, t chc, khuyn khch vic m rng th trng, phm vi hot ng ca cc cng ty bo him l rt cn thit. II. V PHA CC CNG TY BO HIM. i vi mt cng ty bo him, nng lc v vn, cng ngh, trnh qun l, kinh

doanh l nhng yu t rt quan trng to nn sc mnh. Nu khng t hon thin v nng cao nng lc, cc cng ty bo him trong nc s kh c th ng vng v thnh cng trong iu kin cnh tranh ngy cng tr nn gay gt nh hin nay. Ngay t by gi, cc cng ty bo him trong nc cn t to cho mnh mt v th vng chc, duy tr v m rng th phn, to nim tin khch hng. Cc cng ty bo him khng ch phi a dng ho sn phm, nng cao cht lng dch v, m cn phi ch trng n vic chm sc khch hng, gii quyt nhanh chng, hp l cng tc bi thng tn tht trong cc trng hp xy ra ri ro c bo him. Vic tng cng o to, bi dng nghip v, phong cch phc v, nng cao o c ngh nghip cho cc cn b kinh doanh, i l mi gii bo him cng rt cn thit. Cc cng ty bo him cn nhanh chng nm bt v ng dng cc thnh tu ca khoa hc cng ngh, c bit l cng ngh thng tin vo qu trnh khai thc v qun l hot ng kinh doanh nhm nng cao hiu qu kinh doanh, tit kim chi ph qun l, h ph bo him mt cch hp l. Hot ng u t cng cn c y mnh mt cch c hiu qu, bng cch tn dng ti a cc cng c u t ti chnh, tham gia tch cc vo th trng chng khon. Khi tham gia u t vo cc cng trnh, cc d n c vn ln, cc cng ty cn ch trng cng tc thm nh m bo mc an ton, tnh thanh khon cng nh kh nng sinh li cho ng vn. Trong iu kin cnh tranh ngy cng gay gt, xc tin thng mi l mt trong nhng yu t c bn to nn thnh cng ca mt doanh nghip. Trong lnh vc bo him, yu t ny c vai tr rt quan trng, c bit l Vit Nam hin nay, khi m nhn thc ca ngi dn v s cn thit ca bo him i vi nn kinh t, cng nh i vi i sng x hi vn cn hn ch. y l mt c hi tt cc doanh nghip bo him nng cao hiu bit ca ngi dn v bo him, ng thi xy dng c hnh nh ca cng ty mnh trong nhng khch hng tim nng.

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Cc cng ty cng cn nhanh chng a dng ho cc knh phn phi thng qua nhiu hnh thc khc nhau. Mt trong cc phng php thng gp hin nay cc cng ty bo him l tin hnh qua h thng ngn hng, qua cc t chc ti chnh. Qua y, cc cng ty bo him s c c hi tip cn vi ng o cc khch hng giu tim nng vi kh nng ti chnh cao v nhu cu ln. Ngoi ra, vic tip cn khch hng bng th trc tip hoc Internet cng c th mang li hiu qu cao. Trong xu th thng mi in t ang ngy cng pht trin nh hin nay, vic bn bo him qua mng ang ngy cng ph bin. Hu ht cc cng ty bo him trn th trng Vit Nam u c website ring, song mi ch c mt vi cng ty cho php khch hng ng k mua bo him, cng nh thanh ton trc tuyn. Vic trin khai hnh thc ny cn nhiu kh khn, do h tng thng tin nc ta cn yu km, thanh ton bng tin mt vn rt ph bin Tuy nhin, cng l mt phng thc hiu qu m cc cng ty bo him cn quan tm trin khai nhm n trc thi c trong tng lai. Bn cnh vic pht huy ni lc, cc cng ty bo him rt cn hp tc vi nhau trong nhiu mt. Thng qua Hip hi bo him, cc thnh vin c th c nhng tc ng tch cc nhm m rng, nh hng cho th trng, duy tr s cnh tranh lnh mnh, chng trc li bo him to iu kin pht trin c li cho ton ngnh. Khng ch tng cng hp tc trong nc, cc cng ty bo him Vit Nam cng phi y mnh hp tc quc t. Cn nhanh chng to lp, cng c mi quan h vi cc cng ty bo him, ti bo him c kinh nghim, uy tn trong khu vc v quc t nhm hp tc trong cc lnh vc o to chuyn mn, nghip v cho ngun nhn lc, tr gip v k thut, cng ngh, trao i thng tin Vic thc y hp tc quc t cng s m ra nhng c hi kinh doanh mi cho c hai pha, to thun li cho ngnh bo him Vit Nam vn ra vi th gii. III. V PHA CC T CHC KHC Bn cnh cc vic nhng n lc t pha Nh nc, t pha cc doanh nghip bo him, s tham gia ca cc t chc khc c lin quan s c vai tr rt to ln. Cc doanh nghip thuc nn kinh t u cn c nhn thc r rng hn v tm quan trng ca bo him, ng thi, tch cc ch ng tham gia mua bo him cho ti sn, con ngi, cng

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nh trch nhim dn s. Nhiu lnh vc bo him thit yu nh bo him chy n, bo him trong nng nghip cha c cc c nhn, n v quan tm mt cch ng mc. c bit, vi nhng lnh vc c tim nng ln nh bo him hng ho xut nhp khu, bo him hng khng cc cng ty bo him rt cn s hp tc ca cc bn lin quan. Cc doanh nghip kinh doanh xut nhp khu cn nhn thc ngha ca vic ginh quyn mua bo him, chuyn t tp qun bn FOB, mua CIF sang bn CIF, mua FOB. ng thi, cc doanh nghip ny cng nn ch trng mua bo him nhng cng ty trong nc, va tit kim ngoi t, va thun tin trong giao dch, trong gii quyt bi thng, li gp phn vo vic pht trin nn bo him Vit Nam.

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