cc phng php x l SO2 3.2.

Cc phng php x l SO2 hp th kh SO2 c th s dng nc ,dung dch hoc huyn ph ca mui kim loi kim v kim loi kim th. 3.2.1. Hp th bng nc Giai on 1: Hp th kh SO2 bng cch phun nc vo dng kh thi hoc cho kh thi i qua lp vt liu m (vt liu rng) c nc _scrrub. Qu trnh hp th SO2 bng nc din ra theo phng trnh SO2 + H2O H+ + HSO3Giai on 2: Gii thot kh SO2 ra khi cht hp th (nu cn) v nc sch. Mc ha tan ca kh SO2 trong nc gim khi nhit nc tng cao, do nhit nc cp vo h thng hp th kh SO2 phi thp. Cn gii thot kh SO2 khi nc th nhit ca nc phi cao. C th l nhit 100oC th kh SO2 bc ra mt cch hon tonv trong kh thot ra c ln hi nc. Bng phng php ngng t ngi ta c th thu c kh SO2 vi m c 100% dng vo mc ch sn xut axit sunfic. ha tan ca SO2 trong nc thp nn cn lu lng ln v thit b hp th c th tch ln. SO2 thot ra khi dung dch khi nhit cao. 3.2.2. Phng php CaCO3 hoc CaO L phng php p dng rt rng ri trong cng nghip v hiu qu x l cao, nguyn liu r tin v c sn mi ni. Cc phn ng xy ra trong qu trnh x l nh sau: CaCO3 + SO2 = CaSO3 + CO3 CaO + SO2 = CaSO3 2CaSO3 + O2 = 2CaSO4 Hiu sut hp th SO2 bng sa vi t 98%. Sc cn kh ng ca h thng khng vt qu 20 mm ct nc. Nguyn liu vi c s dng mt cch hon ton, c th l cn bn t h thng x l kh thi ra c th c s dng lm cht kt dnh trong xy dng sau khi chuyn sunfit thnh sunfat trong l nung. u im ca phng php: Quy trnh cng ngh n gin, chi ph hot ng thp, cht hp th d tm v r tin, c kh nng x kh m khng cn lm ngui v x l bi s b. Qu trnh hp th bng huyn ph CaCO3 (thnh phn rn : lng = 1:10, kch thc ht CaCO3 0,1 mm ) Khi ng thi hp th nhiu kh , vn tc hp th ca mi kh b gim st. Kh hp th ha hc trong thp chy mng hay thp m s xut hin hin tng i lu trn b mt. Bn cht ca hin tng ny l trn b mt phn

chia pha xut hin dng i lu cng bc thc y qu trnh truyn khi. Qu trnh hp th hp th c thc hin trong nhiu thp khc nhau : thp m , thp chy mng, thp a, thp phun, thp si bt v thp tng si. Thp hp th phi tha mn cc yu cu sau : hiu qu v c kh nng cho kh xuyn qua, tr lc thp (< 3.000 Pa), kt cu n gin v vn hnh htun tin, khi lng nh, khng hay tc nghn bi cn sinh ra trong qu trnh hp th. Thp m thng c s dng khi nng sut nh, mi trng n mn, t l lng : kh ln, kh khng cha bi v qu trnh hp th khng to ra cn lng. Thp a thng kinh t hn v n cho php vn tc kh ln v do gim ng knh thp.Thp a c s dng khi nng sut ln , lu lng lng nh v mi trng khng n mn. Ph bin nht l thp a v thp a l. Thp c c cu phun cht lng bng c hc hay bng p sut c gi l thp phun. Thp phun c dng khi yu cu tr lc b v kh c cha ht rn. Thp hp th vi lp m chuyn ng theo nhiu dng khc nhau ang c nghin cu ng dng. 3.2.3. Phng php magi oxit (MgO) V kh nng s dng sa MgO kh SO2 khi thi c bit t lu, nhng nghin cu ng dng trong cng nhgip mi c thc hin gn y ch yu l do cc nh khoa hc cng ngh ca Lin X c. SO2 c hp th bi oxit hydroxit magi, to thnh tinh th ngm nc sunfit magi. Trong thit b hp th xy ra cc phn ng sau: MgO + SO2 MgSO3 MgO + H2O Mg(OH)2 MgSO3 + H2O + SO2 Mg( HSO3)2 Mg(OH)2 + Mg( HSO3)2 2MgSO3 + 2H2O ha tan ca sunfit magi trong nc b gii hn, nn lng d dng MgSO3.6 H2O v MgSO3.3 H2O ri xung thnh cn lng. T l rn : lng trong huyn ph l 1:10; pH u vo l 6,8-7,5; cn u ra l 5,5-6,0 Sunfat magi c hnh thnh do oxit ha sunfit magi. MgSO3 + O2 MgSO4 S hnh thnh MgSO4 khng c li cho vic ti sinh MgO (nhit phn hy MgSO4l 1.200-11.300 oC). Do cn hn ch phn ng ny bng cch gim bt thi gian tip xc gia pha kh v pha lng hoc dng cht gim tnh oxi ha.

Ti sinh Magi c thc hi trong l nung to = 900oC v cho thm than cc . Khi nung nh vy th kh SO2 thot ra l 7-15%. Kh c lm ngui , tch bi v sng m axit sunfuric ri a i sn sut axit sunfuaric. Trong chng ta c th x l theo cc phng php sau: - Magi oxit kt tinh theo chu trnh - Magi oxit khng kt tinh - Magi si bt - Magi oxit kt hp vi potos ( kali cacbonat ) u im ca phng php magi oxit: C th x l kh nng khng cn lamg ngui s b .Thu c sn phm tn dng axit sunfuric. MgO d kim v r tin , hiu qu x l cao. 3.2.4. Phng php km X l kh SO2 bng km oxit ( ZnO ) cng tng t nh phng php oxit magi tc l dng phn ng gia SO2 vi km oxit thu cc mui sunfit v bisunfit, sau dng nhit phn ly thnh SO2 v ZnO. Trong phng php ny , cht hp th l km. Phn ng hp th nh sau: SO2 + ZnO + 2,5 H2O ZnSO3.2,5 H2O V khi nng SO2 ln 2SO2 + ZnO + H2O Zn(HSO3)2 Sunfit km to thnh khng tan trong nc c tch ra bng xyclon nc v sy kh.Ti sinh ZnO bng cch nung sunfit 350oC. ZnSO3.2,5 H2O SO2 + ZnO + 2,5H2O SO2 c ch bin tip tc cn ZnO quay li hp th. C cc phng php sau: - Phng php km oxit n thun - Phng php km oxit kt hp vi natri sunfit u im ca phng php km oxit : L qu trnh phn ly km sunfit ZnSO3 thnh SO2 v ZnO xy ra nhit thp hn ng k so vi qu trnh phn ly bng nhit i vi MgSO3. C kh nng x k kh cao nhit (200-250 oC) Nhc im: C kh nng hnh thnh sunfit km (MgSO4) lm cho vic ti sinh ZnO bt li v kinh t nn phi thng xuyn tch chung ra v b sung ZnO.

3.2.5. Hp th bng cht hp th trn c s natri u im ca phng php : L ng dng cht hp th ha hc khng bay hi c kh nng hp th ln. Phng php c th c ng dng loi cc SO2 ra khi kh vi bt k nng no .C nhiu phng n khc nhau. Nu dng soda hp th ta thu c sunfit v bisunfit natri. Na2CO3 + SO2 = Na2 SO3 + CO2 Na2 SO3 + SO2 + H2O = 2NaHSO3 Kh tham gia phn ng vi sunfit v bisunfit lm tng nng bisunfit SO2 + NaHCO3 + Na2SO3 + H2O 3NaHSO3 Dung dch hnh thnh tc dng vi km to thnh sunfit km NaHCO3 + ZnO ZnSO3. + NaOH 3.2.6. Phng php amonic SO2 c hp th bi dung dch amonic hoc dung dch sunfit bisunfit amon. V amonic v kh SO2 trong dung dch nc c phn ng vi nhau v to ra mui trung gian amoni sunfit, sau mui amoni sunfit li tc dng tip vi SO2 v H2O to ra mui amoni bisunfit, theo cc phn ng sau: NH4 + H2O + SO2 = (NH4)2 SO3 H2O + SO2 + (NH4)2 SO3 = 2NH4HSO3 2NH4HSO3 nung nng (NH4)2 SO3 + H2O + SO2 C th : 2NH4HSO3 + (NH4)2 SO3 = 2(NH4)2 SO4 + S + H2O (NH4)2 SO3 + S = (NH4)2 S 2O3 (NH4)2 S 2O3 + 2NH4HSO3 = 2(NH4)2 SO4 + 2S + H2O Lu hunh n cht li tc dng vi sunfit. C nh vy tc phn ng phn hy dung dch lm vic tng dn v dung dch lm vic s hon ton bin thnh amoni sunfat v lu hunh n cht. C cc bin php x l kh theo amonic nh sau: H thng x l SO2 bng amonic theo chu trnh X l SO2 bng amonic c chng p X l kh SO2 bng amonic v vi * u im ca phng php amonic: Hiu qu cao, cht hp thu d kim, thu c sn phm cn thit ( sunfit v

bisunfit amon). 3.2.7. X l kh SO2 bng cc cht hp th hu c X l kh SO2 trong kh thi bng cc cht hp th hu c c p dng nhiu trong cng nghip luyn kim mu. Cht hp th kh SO2 c s dng ph bin l cc amin thm nh anilin, toluin, xyliin, v imetyanilin. Qu trnh x l theo phng php trn l: Qu trnh sunfidin Qu trnh ny c cc hng cng nghip ha cht v luyn kim ca c nghin cu v p dng nh my luyn kim Hamburg kh SO2 trong khi thi ca l thi luyn ng. Nng ca kh trong khi thi dao ng trong phm vi 0,5-8%, trung bnh l 3,6%.Cht hp th l hn hp xylidin v nc t l 1:1. Qu trnh kh SO2 bng dimetylanilin Qu trnh ASARCO. Qu trnh ny c nghin cu v p dng nhiu cc nh my luyn kim. 3.2.8. X l kh SO2 bng cc cht hp ph th rn - Cc qu trnh x l kh SO2 bng cht hp th theo phng php t c nhc im l nhit ca kh thi b h thp, m li tng cao gy han r thit b my mc,h thng cng. khc phc yu im trn v do nhu cu hon nguyn vt liu hp ph v lm sch kh thi khi bi ca vth liu hp ph ngi ta kt hp gia qu trnh kh v t ngy cng tr nn thit thc. Hp ph kh SO2 bng than hot tnh X l kh SO2 bng than hot tnh c ti nc- Qu trnh LURGI X l SO2 bng nhm oxit kim ha X l kh SO2 bng mangan oxit (MnO) X l SO2 bng vi v dolomit trn vo than nghin Hai dng thit b l thit b to bt v thit b lc t c vt liu m lc vi vt liu m s si hoc vt liu m l cc vng s c chn v cc l do: - Lc c cc ht bi nh. - Hiu sut cao. - Chu c nhit cao. - C kh nng lm ngui khi thi. - C kh nng hp th cc hi kh c hi. - D vn hnh