Ung Dung Tin Hoc Trong Cong Tac Tinh Toan Xu Ly Nen Dat Yeu

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS
Hi tho ng dng khoa hc cng ngh trong ngnh giao thng vn ti
ng dng phn tin hc

trong cng tc tnh ton x l nn t yu.
K s-: Trnh Vit Linh - TEDI
1
t vn
Trong nhng nm gn y, mng l-i giao thng Vit Nam v ang -c nng
cp v hon thin. Nhiu tuyn -ng -c nng cp v lm mi i qua vng t
yu, i hi phi c cc bin php x l nhm m bo yu cu v cht l-ng ngy
mt cao, t-ng xng vi tiu chun thit k cng nh- khai thc tuyn -ng.
Trong s cc bin php x l nn t yu, vic s dng cc loi -ng thm thng
ng ging ct, bc thm c nhiu -u im -c tha nhn. Bin php x l
ny ph hp vi c im t yu, vi trnh cng ngh v cng ph hp nht vi
kh nng kinh t ca Vit Nam.
Cng nh- tt c cc ni dung thit k khc, vic pht trin cc phn mm tr gip
cho vic tnh ton x l nn t yu l cn thit, nng cao tnh chnh xc ca kt
qu tnh ton, tng nng xut lao ng, ng thi cng ph hp vi xu h-ng pht
trin chung t ng ho trong cng tc tnh ton thit k.
Vi ph-ng chm , ti ny gii thiu mt phn mm -c pht trin nhm
hon thin v b-c u gp phn chun ho cng tc tnh ton thit k x l nn t
yu bng cc loi -ng thm thng ng trong xy dng -ng giao thng Vit
Nam phn mm SASPro.
2
cc phn mm ang s dng
Tnh ton thit k x l nn t yu gm hai ni dung chnh l n nh ln v n

nh tr-t. Hai ni dung ny c lin quan cht ch vi nhau. Trong tnh ton n
nh ln -c hiu bao gm vic tnh ton ln, c kt ca t nn d-i tc dng
ca ti trng nn p, hiu ng ca cc loi -ng thm thng ng v cc thng s
lin quan n n nh tr-t l ni dung quan trng nht trong tnh ton x l nn
t yu.
Tr gip cho ni dung tnh ton ny, hin Vit Nam cng c nhng phn mm.
D-i y l mt s phn mm m chng ti c dp tip cn.
2.1 Nhng phn mm xut x nc ngoi
CONSOL: y l phn mm ca M, chy trn nn DOS, tr gip tnh ton ln v
c kt t nhin (ch tnh ti tim ti trng!) vi cc dng ti trng c bn l phn b
u v hn, mng bng, mng trn.
KS. Trnh Vit Linh - TEDI
Trang 1/23

GEOSPACE2: y l phn mm ca hng NILEX, Malaysia, chy trn nn DOS,

tr gip vic tnh ton x l t nn bng bc thm cho xy dng -ng giao thng.
Kt qu tnh ton ch dng li ln v din bin ln c kt theo thi gian (ch tnh
ti tim ti trng!).
FLODRAIN: y l phn mm dng bn tnh EXCEL c xut x t Malaysia, tr
gip vic tnh ton x l t nn bng bc thm cho xy dng -ng giao thng.
Phn mm ny tnh ton kh y ln, din bin ln c kt v din bin sc
khng ct ca t (ch tnh ti tim ti trng!).
C th thy y l nhng phn mm cn th s, ch gii quyt mt phn nh ni
dung n nh ln ca bi ton x l t yu. Hai phn mm sau thc cht l cc
phn mm th-ng mi do nhng cng ty c sn phm PVD t-ng ng pht trin.
Nhn xt chung: tnh ng dng ca cc phn mm ny l rt hn ch.
2.2 Nhng phn mm xut x trong nc
Trong Tng Cng ty, cng nh- mt vi n v ngoi Tng Cng ty, ang c mt s
phn mm, do cc k s- t pht trin nh- cc bn tnh EXCEL ca Trung tm Tin
hc TVCTGT, Cng ty TVTK -ng B, Cng ty CPTV CTGT 7,..., ch-ng trnh
ca Cng ty TVTK Cu -ng... Nhng sn phm ny v ang -c s dng
trong cng tc tnh ton thit k nn t yu.
Tuy nhin, sau mt thi gian ng dng, chng bc l nhng tn ti, nh h-ng
n cht l-ng h s cng nh- nng xut lao ng v qun l k thut. Nhng tn
ti c th phn ra ba dng in hnh nh- sau:
1) Tnh ton khng y
in hnh nht l khng tnh ton -c din bin p lc n-c l rng d(ALNLRD) theo s p thit k.
Tn ti ny dn n bt cp trong khu thit k v c bit l trong thi cng. C th,
trong thit k qui nh quan trc p lc n-c l rng song li khng th -a ra
nhng qui nh k thut cho cng tc ny; trong thi cng thiu c s phn tch,
nh gi v s dng s liu quan trc trong vic iu chnh tin trnh p, qun l
cht l-ng cng tc p nn.
2) Tnh ton ch-a chnh xc
Th-ng gp mt s dng l:
Tnh ch-a chnh xc theo cu to hnh hc nn p, nht l khi c b phn p.
Tnh ch-a st vi s phn b ng sut do nn p gy ra theo chiu ngang.
Din bin c kt theo s p thit k, nht l khi p nhiu hn mt giai on
ch-a tnh -c chnh xc.
Trang 2/23

C kt t nn ch-a tnh -c theo ng a tng.

Tt c nhng tn ti ny lm cho kt qu tnh ton thiu chnh xc, dn n kh
kim sot tnh hp l v k thut v kinh t ca h s thit k.
3) Ch-a gii quyt -c mt cch t ng mi quan h gia hai ni dung tnh ton
n nh ln v n nh tr-t.
Tn ti ny gp tt c cc sn phm hin ang s dng. H qu l:
Gy ra s khng thng nht gia cc ni dung tnh ton. in hnh l ch tiu c l
t nn (nht l sc khng ct) v thng s nn p (nht l chiu cao) khi tnh ton
n nh tr-t khng t-ng thch vi cc tnh ton n nh ln, nh h-ng n tnh
chnh xc ca kt qu tnh ton;
Gim ng k nng sut lao ng; v
Lm cho vic l-u tr v qun l d liu c phn kh khn.
Nhng h qu trn cng th hin r khi qui m d n cng ln, khi cc iu kin
tnh ton b thay i (nh- thay i tuyn, thay i -ng ...) iu th-ng xy
ra khi tnh ton thit k.
Nhng tn ti ca cc phn mm hin ang s dng v h qu ca chng s -c
phn tch k thm trong ni dung mc 3 gii thiu phn mm SASPro.
3
Gii thiu phn mm sasPro
3.1 Tng quan v SASPro

3.1.1 L thuyt tnh ton
Cc cng thc v l thuyt tnh ton s dng trong SASPro ch yu da trn c s
qui trnh Kho st Thit k nn -ng t p trn t yu 22TCN262-2000 v
nhng l thuyt c bn ca C hc t. Mc 3.3 s gii thiu chi tit nhng cng
thc tnh ton c bn trong SASPro.
3.1.2 Giao din
SASPro -c vit bng ngn ng Visual Basic, chy trn nn Windows. Mc 3.4 v
3.5 s gii thiu chi tit s khi v h thng menu chnh ca SASPro.
3.1.3 Nhng bi ton c bn
SASPro c th gii quyt kh y cc dng bi ton x l nn t yu ph bin
trong xy dng -ng giao thng Vit Nam, gm:
Nn -ng c hoc khng c b phn p;
Trang 3/23

Gii php x l c th l gia ti, ging ct/bc thm, ging ct/bc thm kt hp gia
ti, ging ct/bc thm kt hp p theo giai on, thay t;
Gii php, qui m x l c th thay i gia thn nn p v b phn p;
Vt liu gia ti c th thay i so vi vt liu p; v
C th thay i tc p i vi mi giai on p.
3.1.4 Tnh ton v kt qu tnh ton
SASPro tnh ton c bn y cc thng s cn thit ca mt bi ton x l nn
t yu. Nhng kt qu chnh gm:
Ln nn -ng tnh bng ph-ng php phn tng ly tng, theo -ng cong nn
ln (khng xt trng thi c kt ca t) hoc theo ch s nn ln (xt trng thi c
kt ca t) -c tnh cho cc im tim, vai v chn nn p, vai v chn b
phn p (nu c);
Qui m x l gm loi -ng thm v phm vi x l, chiu su v s cm, chiu
cao v vt liu gia ti, thi gian thi cng v s p;
Hiu ng ca gii php x l gm din bin c kt ca t nn, din bin ln, din
bin ALNLRD, din bin sc khng ct ca t nn theo s d p thit k -c
tnh cho cc phm vi d-i mt -ng, taluy -ng, mt b phn p v taluy b phn
p (nu c b phn p v c x l t yu d-i b phn p) Xem thm mc
3.2.1;
Lin kt tt c cc thng s cn thit nh- cu to hnh hc nn p, a tng v ch
tiu c l t nn ti nhng thi im cn kim tra n nh tr-t sang phn mm
Geo-Slope b phn mm kim tra n nh tr-t ph bin nht hin nay (Xem
thm mc 3.2.1), cng nh- thit lp mt s nh dng chun cho bi ton tnh n
nh tr-t trong Geo-Slope.
3.1.5 L-u tr d liu
D liu ca c hai ni dung tnh ton n nh ln v n nh tr-t -c l-u bng
mt file duy nht, dung l-ng th-ng ch 2 n 4Kb cho mt mt ct tnh ton.
3.2 u im v hn ch
3.2.1 Nhng -u im ni bt
SASPro gii quyt hu nh- tt c nhng bi ton x l nn t yu ph bin trong
xy dng -ng giao thng Vit Nam hin nay (xem mc 3.1.2). Ni chung, -u
im ni bt ca SASPro chnh l vic c bn khc phc -c nhng tn ti ca cc
phn mm tnh ton x l nn t yu hin nay. C th:
a) Nng cao tnh chnh xc v kh nng tnh ton
Trang 4/23

SASPro m phng st vi thc t hn s bin i ng sut ca nn p theo

chiu ngang t tim ra chn taluy nn p. S m phng ny gip cc tnh ton c
c s hn, chnh xc hn, ng thi c th gii quyt thm mt s tr-ng hp c
bit m hu ht cc phn mm hin nay ch-a lm -c.
Nh- bit, xut pht im ca mi tnh ton trong bi ton x l nn t yu l
ng sut (sz) do nn p gy ra.ng sut ny gim dn theo chiu su v gim dn
t tim ra pha chn taluy nn p (Hnh 3.2). Trong tnh ton, vic m phng s
bin i sz st vi thc t s quyt nh chnh xc ca kt qu tnh ton.
Trong tnh ton ln, ph-ng php phn tng ly tng m phng kh tt s bin
i sz theo chiu su (Hnh 3.2) v -c xem nh- mt ph-ng php tnh ln chun.
i vi tnh ton sc khng ct khng thot n-c ca t (DC) lin quan n s
bin i sz theo chiu ngang, cn c vo c im s bin i sz theo cu to hnh
hc ca nn p, s bin i sz t tim ra pha chn taluy nn p trong SASPro
-c m phng nh- minh ho trn hnh 3.1. Theo mi lp -c x l s -c
phn ra 9 hoc 5 phn lp tu tr-ng hp c b phn p v c x l t yu d-i b
phn p (Hnh 3.2 a) hay khng (Hnh 3.2 b) hoc khng c b phn p (Hnh 3.2
c).
Nn p
-ng phn
b sz m
phng trong
SASPro
-ng
phn b
sz theo
chiu su
-ng phn
b sz t tim ra
pha chn
taluy nn p
-ng phn b sz
m phng cho tnh
ln theo P2 phn
tng ly tng
Hnh 3.1 Phn b sz do nn p gy ra v m hnh m phng trong SASPro
Trang 5/23

a)
b)
c)
Hnh 3.2 Phn tng theo s m phng sz t tim ra chn taluy trong SASPro
a) Nn p c b phn p v c x l t yu d-i b phn p 1 lp thnh 9 phn lp,
b) Nn p c b phn p v khng x l t yu d-i b phn p 1 lp thnh 5 phn lp,
c) Nn p khng c b phn p 1 lp thnh 5 phn lp.
S m phng ny, t-ng t nh- tnh ln, lm cho kt qu tnh DC v theo kt qu

tnh ton n nh tr-t chnh xc hn. ng thi, vi m hnh ny, SASPro d dng
tnh ton tr-ng hp thay i qui m x l gia phm vi thn nn p v phm vi b
phn p m ch-a phn mm no m chng ti bit lm -c.
Mt v d in hnh cho tr-ng hp ny -c minh ho hnh 3.3, y l nhng
tr-ng hp:
Mun hn ch din tch chim dng mt bng gim kinh ph n b hoc trnh
nhng vn c th pht sinh do gii phng mt bng khi thi cng,
Mt bng b hn ch do dng chy (phm vi tr-c m cu...), do cc cng trnh
khc khng th ph d hay di di,
X l t yu d-i -ng gom (-ng gom -c xem nh- b phn p).
PVD
PVD
Ging ct
Hnh 3.3 Thay i qui m x l t yu d-i thn nn p v b phn p

Trang 6/23

b) T ng kt ni vi phn mm Geo-Slope
SASPro t ng kt ni vi phn mm Geo-Slope. Ni mt cch chnh xc l
SASPro tnh ton v cung cp, mt cch t ng, tt c cc thng s cn thit cho
tnh ton n nh tr-t bng Geo-Slope phn mm tnh ton n nh tr-t ph
cp nht hin nay, cho php gii quyt khp kn mt bi ton x l nn t yu.
y l -u im m ch-a c phn mm no thc hin -c. u im ny to ra
nhiu tin ch cho SASPro nh-:
Nng cao r rt hiu xut tnh ton thit k
X l nn t yu l bi ton th dn. c -c cc thng s thit k hp l, vic
tnh ton th-ng phi thc hin nhiu ln. Hn na, bi ton ny ph thuc nhiu
vo thit k tuyn. Khi tuyn thay i cc tnh ton s phi thc hin li.
Do , khi hai ni dung n nh ln v n nh tr-t -c tnh ton ring l nhhin nay, vic tnh ton thit k mt kh nhiu thi gian. Vic kt ni vi phn mm
Geo-Slope tit kim -c rt nhiu thi gian tnh ton v, theo , hiu xut tnh
ton thit k tng ln ng k, nht l vi nhng d n ln.
m bo s thng nht v chnh xc cc thng s gia cc ni dung tnh ton
Theo s p thit k, sc khng ct ca t, cu to nn p (chiu cao, taluy)
thay i lin tc v c quan h cht ch vi nhau (xem hnh 3.4).
Khi hai ni dung n nh ln v n nh tr-t -c tnh ton ring l nhhin nay,
tnh ton n nh tr-t th-ng khng phn nh ng din bin ny. Ph bin nht l
sai taluy v i khi c chiu cao nn p ti cc im khng ch h s an ton tr-t
Fs; a tng v ch tiu c l (nht l sc khng) ca cc lp t khng thng
nht hoc khng ph hp vi ni dung tnh ton n nh ln.
Tt c cc sai st trn -c khc phc trit qua vic kt ni trc tip gia
SASPro v Geo-Slope.
H
a)
b)
Hd
Htc
He
c)
to
t1
Hnh 3.4 Din bin cu to nn p trong khi thi cng

Trang 7/23

a) Nn p trong tnh ton n nh ln, t-ng ng chiu cao tnh ton Hd.
b) Nn p khi tnh ton n nh tr-t ti thi im to (yu cu Fs>1.2), Htc=Hd-Sto.
c) Nn p khi tnh ton n nh tr-t ti thi im t 1 (yu cu Fs>1.4), He=Hd-St1.
n gin ho vic l-u tr v qun l d liu

Hin nay, vi cc phn mm khc, mi mt ct tnh ton th-ng phi l-u ti thiu 4
file s liu gm 1 file tnh ton ln v 3 file tnh n nh tr-t. S file ny s tng
ln t-ng ng vi mi giai on p. Tng dung l-ng th-ng l vi trm Kilobyte,
c bit hn 10MB.
Vi kh nng gii quyt khp kn bi ton x l nn t yu, mi mt ct tnh ton
trong SASPro ch phi l-u 1 file duy nht vi dung l-ng cc nh, ch khong
2~4KB v do vic l-u tr v qun l d liu tr ln n gin hn rt nhiu.
c) Tnh ton cc thng s phc v quan trc v qun l thi cng nn p
SASPro tnh ton -c din bin ALNLRD theo s p thit k, iu m hu
ht cc phn mm hin ti ch-a lm -c.
Din bin ALNLRD c ngha thc tin khng nhng i vi thit k m c bit
l i vi thi cng.
Hnh 3.5 l mt biu din bin p lc tng (c) v ALNLRD (d) theo s p
thit k tnh trong SASPro. Theo , ALNLRD (d -ng mu vng) chia biu
din bin p lc tng ra hai phn mu xanh v mu .
Khi ALNLRD (u) tng phn mu , p lc hu hiu (s=s-u) s gim dn n
tng sc khng ct ca t (DC) gim v lm gim h s an ton tr-t (Fs).
Ngha l nu ALNLRD quan trc thc t ln hn tr s tnh ton, nn -ng c kh
nng mt n nh v do cc bin php dng cht ti hoc d bt ti cn -c tnh
ti.
Ng-c li, khi ALNLRD gim phn mu xanh, s s tng dn n DC tng v
lm tng Fs. Ngha l nu ALNLRD quan trc thc t nh hn tr s tnh ton, vic
iu chnh (tng) tc cht ti l c th thc hin -c.
Nh- vy, c th xem -ng din bin ALNLRD tnh ton theo s p thit k
nh- l cc tr s ti hn m, m bo n nh tr-t, tr s quan trc ALNLRD
khng -c v-t qua.
Tm li, vi -ng ALNLRD ti hn xc nh -c trong SASPro th i vi thit
k c th qui nh r tiu chun cho cng tc quan trc p lc n-c l rng v i
vi thi cng c th d dng iu chnh tc thi cng va m bo tin m
vn m bo n nh nn p ngha l c th lm ch tc thi cng.
Trang 8/23

a)
b)
H
t
B
sz
d)
uo
A
c)
Hnh 3.5 Din bin p lc tng v p lc n-c l rng d- theo s p thit k

Din bin chiu cao nn p l thuyt (a) v thc t tnh ton (b)
Din bin theo chiu cao nn p ca p lc tng (c) v p lc n-c l rng d- (d)
3.2.2 u im khc
Bn cnh nhng -u im ni bt trn y, SASPro cn c mt s -u im khc:
Tnh ton chnh xc p lc do nn p gy ra cho tt c cc tr-ng hp c hoc
khng c b phn p. ng thi cc thng s tnh ton -c tnh theo ng s
p thit k. Tt c lm kt qu tnh ton tr ln chnh xc hn so vi hu ht nhng
phn mm hin ti.
Ngoi ph-ng php tnh ln theo h s nn Cc, SASPro cho php tnh ton ln theo
cng thc c bn da trn -ng cong nn ln, iu m hu ht cc phn mm hin
ti ch-a lm -c. Vic tnh ton song song c hai ph-ng php nh- vy cho php
kim chng kt qu tnh ton, v mc hp l ca s liu u vo.
Giao din SASPro -c thit k kh p. S liu -c nhp hp l theo 4 nhm
gm a) nhm cc s liu v iu kin bin; b) nhm cc s liu v nn p; c)
nhm cc s liu v a tng v ch tiu c l t nn v d) nhm cc s liu v cc
thng s bin php x l. Thm na, SASPro -c thit k ng-i s dng ch
phi cung cp cc s liu cn thit cho tng bi ton c th. Tt c lm cho vic
nhp s liu tr ln n gin hn.
Kt qu -c tnh ton v in ra y t cc tr s trung gian n cc kt qu cui
cng, rt d kim tra khi cn thit.
3.2.3 Hn ch
Cng nh- nhng phn mm khc, SASPro cng khng trnh khi nhng hn ch:
Th nht, hin giao din SASPro hon ton bng ting Anh, ch-a -c chuyn i
sang ting Vit. Tuy nhin, SASPro s dng ti a cc thut ng v k hiu
Trang 9/23

thng dng nn, c th ni, hn ch ny khng nh h-ng ng k n vic s

dng.
Th hai, din bin ALNLRD hin xut ra d-i dng s. Tuy nhin, nu mun c
biu trc quan, ng-i s dng c th d dng x l bng Excel.
3.3 Chi tit cng thc tnh ton
3.3.1 Ln
Theo -ng cong nn ln, ln c kt -c tnh theo cng thc c bn.
S=
De
H
1 + eo
(3.1)
Theo h s nn Cc, i vi t c kt bnh th-ng:

S=
p + dp
Cc H
log 0
1 + eo
p0
(3.2)
i vi t qu c kt:
S=
p + dp
Cs H
log 0
1 + eo
p0
Nu p o + dp <pc
Cs H
p + dp
p C H
Nu po + dp >pc
S =
log c + c log 0
+
1
+
e
p
1
e
p
o
o
c
(3.3)
(3.4)
Trong :
eo: H s rng ban u
po: p lc a tng
dp: ng sut thng ng do nn p gy ra
Pc: p lc tin c kt
Cc: H s nn
Cs: H s nn li
H: Chiu dy lp t
Trang 10/23

3.3.2 C kt
C kt thng ng ca cc lp t -c tnh theo l thuyt c kt thm ca
Terzaghi.
Tv =
Cv * t
H2
(3.5)
Trong :
Tv: Nhn t thi gian
Cv: H s c kt thng ng
t: Thi gian
H: Chiu di -ng thm (H/2 khi thot n-c 2 chiu).
Tr-ng hp -c x l bng cc loi -ng thm thng ng nh- ging ct, bc
thm c kt -c tnh theo cng thc Carillo.
U = 1 - (1 - U v ) * (1 - U h )
(3.6)
Trong :
U: H s c kt tng
Uv: H s c kt thng ng
Uh: H s c kt ngang,
8Th
U h = 1 - exp Fn + Fs + Fr
(3.7)
n2
3n 2 - 1
H s khong cch Fn = 2 ln n n -1
4n 2
n=
(3.8)
de
dw
(3.9)
K
H s k n nh h-ng ca xo ng FS = h - 1. ln s
Ks d
2
3
H s k n nh h-ng sc cn ca ging Fr = pL2
Kh
qw
(3.10)
(3.11)
Trang 11/23

Th: Nhn t thi gian,

Th =
C h .t
de 2
(3.12)
Ch: H s c kt theo ph-ng ngang

de: Chiu di -ng thm hiu qu theo ph-ng ngang
(de=1.13d i vi s vung, =1.05d i vi s tam gic)
d: Khong cch gia cc ging ct hoc bc thm
dw: -ng knh ging ct (-ng knh t-ng -ng ca bc thm)
Kh: H s thm theo ph-ng ngang
Ks : H s thm ca t trong vng b xo ng
qw : L-u l-ng thot n-c ca bc
3.3.3 Sc khng ct ca t
Su= Suo + m.(P0 Pc + dp).U
(3.13)
Trong :
Suo: Sc khng ct khng thot n-c ban u
Su: Sc khng ct khng thot n-c t-ng ng vi c kt U
m: H s tng sc khng ct
3.3.4 H s n nh tr-t
H s n nh tr-t c th tnh theo nhiu ph-ng php khc nhau tch hp trong
Geo-Slope. Tuy nhin, ph bin nht hin nay l tnh theo cng thc Bishop.
1
m [Cb + (w - ub ) tan f ]
Fs =
w sin a
a
(3.14)
tan f
ma = cos a 1 + tan a
Fs
(3.15)
Trong :
C: Lc dnh ca t ti y mi phn t
Trang 12/23

f : Gc ni ma st ca t ti y mi phn t
b: Chiu rng cc phn t

u: p lc n-c l rng ti y mi phn t
W: Trng l-ng cc phn t
a : Gc nghing ca mt y phn t
3.4 S khi
S khi tng qut ca SASPro -c trnh by hnh 3.6 d-i y.
Trang 13/23

Bt u
iu kin bin
- Gii hn tnh ln
- Chiu dy lp phn t
- Mc nc ngm
- Dung trng ca nc
a tng & CTCL

- g , Su, m, N
- e, Cc, Cs, Pc, Cv, Ch
- Chiu dy, loi t

- Trng thi c kt
- iu kin thot nc
nn p
- Nn
g , Hne, a, b
- B phn p (nu c)
L, h, a
tnh ln
S
tnh c kt & n nh ln
Kim tra
chiu cao nn thit k
S, U, St, Sr, t
He ~~ Hne-S
Kim tra n nh ln
Gii php x l
- SD/PVD
- Gia ti
- SD/PVD + gia ti
- SD/PVD + p theo giai on
thng s x l
- Gia ti: hs
- SD/PVD: ds, dw
- S cm
t < yu cu
&
Sr < yu cu
tnh n nh trt
- S p: Hd, v, Dt
- ds/dw, Kh/Ks, Kh/qw, L
- Ranh gii x l
Fso
tnh c kt & n nh ln
U, St, Sr, Su
Kim tra n nh trt
Fso > yu cu
Kim tra n nh ln
t < yu cu
&
Sr < yu cu
Tnh n nh trt
khi thi cng & khi khai thc
Fst, Fs1, Fs2
Kim tra n nh trt
Fst > yu cu
Fs1 > yu cu
Fs2 > yu cu
in kt qu
kt thc
Hnh 3.6 S khi tng qut ca SASPro

Trang 14/23

3.5 Chi tit giao din v h thng Menu

D-i y l giao din v h thng menu chnh ca SASPro
3.5.1 Menu khi ng
Menu khi ng -c thit k qun l chung hot ng ca SASPro, bao gm
cc menu con dng pop-up: File qun l, in n v lin kt vi Geo-Slope; Input
Data qun l d liu u vo; Analysis tnh ton v in kt qu tnh ton v
Help tr gip, ng thi hin th cc iu kin bin hin ti (Hnh 3.7).
Thanh trng thi

hin th iu kin
bin hin ti ca
bi ton
Hnh 3.7 Mn hnh khi ng SASPro

Trang 15/23

3.5.2 H thng menu nhp v qun l d liu u vo:

H thng menu nhp d liu u vo -c qun l chung trong trnh n Input Data
(hnh 3.8), bao gm cc s liu lin quan n iu kin bin, hay cc thng s
chung ca bi ton Calculation option (chi tit xem hnh 3.8.1); cc thng tin v
d n (Project ID); thng s nn p (chi tit xem hnh 3.8.2); thng s t nn (chi
tit xem hnh 3.8.3) v thng s thit k x l (chi tit xem hnh 3.8.4).
Hnh 3.8 Trnh n Input Data qun l d liu u vo
Hnh 3.8.1 Xc lp cc thng s chung ca bi ton
Trang 16/23

Hnh 3.8.2 Cc thng s nn p
Hnh 3.8.3 Cc thng s t nn

Trang 17/23

Hnh 3.8.4 Cc thng s lin quan n bin php x l

3.5.3 H thng menu qun l vic tnh ton v in kt qu tnh ton
H thng menu tnh ton v in kt qu tnh ton -c qun l chung trong trnh n
Analysis (hnh 3.9), bao gm kim tra d liu Verify; tnh ln Settlement (chi
tit xem hnh 3.9.1); tnh c kt khi khng x l (chi tit xem hnh 3.9.2); tnh c
kt v cc thng s lin quan khi c bin php x l (chi tit xem hnh 3.9.3).
Hnh 3.9 Trnh n qun l vic tnh ton v in kt qu tnh ton Analysis
Trang 18/23

Hnh 3.9.1 Tnh ton ln
Hnh 3.9.2 Tnh c kt khi khng x l (t-ng t khi ch gia ti)

Trang 19/23

Hnh 3.9.3 Tnh ton c kt v cc thng s lin quan khi c x l
Trang 20/23

4
Kt lun, kin ngh
4.1 Kt lun
SASPro l mt phn mm kh hon chnh, gii quyt -c hu ht cc dng bi
ton x l nn t yu ph bin hin nay. SASPro c nhng -u im v-t tri so vi
hu ht cc phn mm hin ang s dng trong Tng Cng ty:
y hn, chnh xc hn trong kt qu tnh ton;
Nhanh hn v tc x l hon chnh mt bi ton; v
n gin hn trong l-u tr v qun l d liu.
Vi nhng -u im ny, SASPro c bn khc phc -c nhng tn ti ca hu
ht cc phn mm, qua , gp phn khc phc nhng tn ti trong cng tc thit
k x l nn t yu hin nay.
Qua qu trnh s dng trong cc d n nh- S dng vn d- Quc l 10 giai on 2,
Lng Ho Lc giai on 2, Tuyn trnh TP Thanh Ho, D n cc cu yu... v
gn y nht l D n cu Vm Cng, SASPro cho thy hiu qu r rt.
4.2 Kin ngh
Hin trong Tng Cng ty c kh nhiu phn mm tr gip cng tc tnh ton x l,
xut x n-c ngoi c, xut x trong n-c c, do cc k s- t pht trin c, v
SASPro ch l mt tr-ng hp c th. Nh- trn ni, cc phn mm ny v
ang ng gp mt phn khng nh trong cng tc tnh ton, thit k. Tuy nhin c
mt thc t l, v nhiu l do khc nhau nh- vn l thuyt tnh ton, trnh
chuyn mn, trnh tin hc...thm tr c quan im tnh ton khc nhau, nhng
sn phm ny cng gy khng t kh khn cho cng tc tnh ton, thit k v nht l
qun l k thut.
nng cao cht l-ng n, gp phn cng c th-ng hiu TEDI, kin ngh Tng
Cng ty m c th l Hi ng Khoa hc Tng Cng ty c nhng qui ch, qui nh,
qui trnh c th i vi vic thm nh cc phn mm ni chung v cc phn mm
do cc k s- t pht trin ni ring tr-c khi s dng trong thit k, v qua dn
thit lp b nhng phn mm chun cho cng tc tnh ton, thit k, qun l k
thut trong Tng Cng ty.
Vi ring SASPro, kin ngh Tng Cng ty sm xem xt, thm nh v cho p dng
trong Tng Cng ty nh- l mt trong nhng phn mm chun cho cng tc tnh
ton x l nn t yu.
Trong t-ng lai, khi c cc bin php x l nn t yu mi, rt mong Tng Cng
ty to iu kin c v thi gian, c v kinh ph cp nht, nng cp v hon thin
thm phn mm ny.
Trang 21/23

Mc lc
1 t vn ........................................................................................................................................ 1
2 cc phn mm ang s dng................................................................................................... 1
2.1 Nhng phn mm xut x n-c ngoi ......................................................... 1

2.2 Nhng phn mm xut x trong n-c ......................................................... 2
3 Gii thiu phn mm sasPro .................................................................................................... 3
3.1 Tng quan v SASPro .................................................................................. 3

3.1.1 L thuyt tnh ton ........................................................................... 3
3.1.2 Giao din .......................................................................................... 3
3.1.3 Nhng bi ton c bn...................................................................... 3
3.1.4 Tnh ton v kt qu tnh ton .......................................................... 4
3.1.5 L-u tr d liu .................................................................................. 4
3.2 u nh-c im ............................................................................................ 4
3.2.1 Nhng -u im ni bt ..................................................................... 4
3.2.2 u im khc ................................................................................... 9
3.2.3 Nh-c im .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3 Chi tit cng thc tnh ton........................................................................ 10
3.3.1 Ln.................................................................................................. 10
3.3.2 C kt.............................................................................................. 11
3.3.3 Sc khng ct ca t ..................................................................... 12
3.3.4 H s n nh tr-t ......................................................................... 12
3.4 S khi .................................................................................................. 13
3.5 Chi tit giao din v h thng Menu.......................................................... 15
3.5.1 Menu khi ng ............................................................................. 15
3.5.2 H thng menu nhp v qun l d liu u vo: .......................... 16
3.5.3 H thng menu qun l vic tnh ton v in kt qu tnh ton ....... 18
4 Kt lun, kin ngh .................................................................................................................... 21
4.1 Kt lun...................................................................................................... 21
4.2 Kin ngh ................................................................................................... 21
Trang 22/23

Danh mc hnh v
Hnh 3.1 Phn b sz do nn p gy ra v m hnh m phng trong SASPro ........ 5

Hnh 3.2 Phn tng theo s m phng sz t tim ra chn taluy trong SASPro 6
Hnh 3.3 Thay i qui m x l t yu di thn nn p v b phn p ............ 6
Hnh 3.4 Din bin cu to nn p trong khi thi cng .................................................. 7
Hnh 3.5 Din bin p lc tng v p lc nc l rng d theo s tnh ton9
Hnh 3.6 S khi tng qut ca SASPro........................................................................... 14
Hnh 3.7 Mn hnh khi ng SASPro ....................................................................................... 15
Hnh 3.8 Trnh n Input Data qun l d liu u vo .............................................. 16
Hnh 3.8.1 Xc lp cc thng s chung ca bi ton..................................................... 16
Hnh 3.8.2 Cc thng s nn p................................................................................................. 17
Hnh 3.8.3 Cc thng s t nn................................................................................................. 17
Hnh 3.8.4 Cc thng s lin quan n bin php x l ................................................. 18
Hnh 3.9 Trnh n qun l vic tnh ton v in kt qu tnh ton Analysis 18
Hnh 3.9.1 Tnh ton ln ................................................................................................................. 19
Hnh 3.9.2 Tnh c kt khi khng x l (tng t khi ch gia ti) ............................ 19
Hnh 3.9.3 Tnh ton c kt v cc thng s lin quan khi c x l .................... 20
Trang 22/23

Ung Dung Tin Hoc Trong Cong Tac Tinh Toan Xu Ly Nen Dat Yeu

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Ung Dung Tin Hoc Trong Cong Tac Tinh Toan Xu Ly Nen Dat Yeu

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Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

Hi tho ng dng khoa hc cng ngh trong ngnh giao thng vn ti

ng dng phn tin hc

cc phn mm ang s dng

Tnh ton thit k x l nn t yu gm hai ni dung chnh l n nh ln v n

KS. Trnh Vit Linh - TEDI

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

GEOSPACE2: y l phn mm ca hng NILEX, Malaysia, chy trn nn DOS,

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

C kt t nn ch-a tnh -c theo ng a tng.

Gii thiu phn mm sasPro

3.1 Tng quan v SASPro

KS. Trnh Vit Linh - TEDI

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

KS. Trnh Vit Linh - TEDI

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

SASPro m phng st vi thc t hn s bin i ng sut ca nn p theo

Hnh 3.1 Phn b sz do nn p gy ra v m hnh m phng trong SASPro

KS. Trnh Vit Linh - TEDI

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

S m phng ny, t-ng t nh- tnh ln, lm cho kt qu tnh DC v theo kt qu

Hnh 3.3 Thay i qui m x l t yu d-i thn nn p v b phn p

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

Hnh 3.4 Din bin cu to nn p trong khi thi cng

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

n gin ho vic l-u tr v qun l d liu

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

Hnh 3.5 Din bin p lc tng v p lc n-c l rng d- theo s p thit k

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

thng dng nn, c th ni, hn ch ny khng nh h-ng ng k n vic s

Theo h s nn Cc, i vi t c kt bnh th-ng:

KS. Trnh Vit Linh - TEDI

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

H s k n nh h-ng sc cn ca ging Fr = pL2

KS. Trnh Vit Linh - TEDI

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

Th: Nhn t thi gian,

Ch: H s c kt theo ph-ng ngang

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

b: Chiu rng cc phn t

KS. Trnh Vit Linh - TEDI

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

a tng & CTCL

- Chiu dy, loi t

Kim tra n nh trt

Kim tra n nh trt

Hnh 3.6 S khi tng qut ca SASPro

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

3.5 Chi tit giao din v h thng Menu

Thanh trng thi

Hnh 3.7 Mn hnh khi ng SASPro

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

3.5.2 H thng menu nhp v qun l d liu u vo:

Hnh 3.8 Trnh n Input Data qun l d liu u vo

Hnh 3.8.1 Xc lp cc thng s chung ca bi ton

KS. Trnh Vit Linh - TEDI

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

Hnh 3.8.2 Cc thng s nn p

Hnh 3.8.3 Cc thng s t nn

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

Hnh 3.8.4 Cc thng s lin quan n bin php x l

Hip hi T- vn Xy dng Vit Nam - VECAS

Hnh 3.9.1 Tnh ton ln

Hnh 3.9.2 Tnh c kt khi khng x l (t-ng t khi ch gia ti)