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ti:
MCH iU TN TRC TiP DNG VARICAP
2
Li m u
C s l thuyt FM
Bo co kt qu v tng kt
So snh vi AM , FM c h s iu ch ln hn , BW
ln hn v kh nng loi nhiu tt hn.
10
Biu thc
Gi s tn hiu iu ch
Sng mang c dng
Tn hiu FM c dng:
trong Ec:bin sng mang
wc:tn s sng mang
wm:tn s tn hiu iu ch
mf:h s iu ch
mf = f/fm
( ) ( )
m m
m t .sin w t V
( ) ( )
c c c
v t V .sin w t
( )
FM c c f m
V E .sin w t m .sin w t + 1
]
f f m m m
m k .v / w w / w
11
Pha y :
Tn s tc thi :
13
14
Bng thng FM:
ng dng FM :
Cc ng dng khc
16
17
II.1.C TNH MCH DAO NG:
24
II.4.2.Mch dao ng Colpitts:
25
II.4.2.Mch dao ng Colpitts:
nh bin dao ng t c ti im m
mng to ra dch pha 1800 , ti dao ng
xy ra.
26
II.4.3. Mch dao ng Hartley:
L 1
0
C
0
L 2 R L
27
II.4.3. Mch dao ng Hartley:
+
28
II.4.4.Dao ng thch anh:
Tn s cao , n nh cao
30
31
III.1.BIU THC TON:
*
*
*
o
v
i
V
A
V
*
*
*
f
o
V
B
V
+
Hnh III. 4 Mch dao ng Colpitts dng BJT hay FET
34
III.2.CC MCH DAO NG L-C:
L 1
Z L
C 3
L 2
L 1
Z L
C 3
L 2
Hnh III. 5 Mch dao ng Harley (ba im in cm )
0 1 0 2
0 3
0
3 1 2
1
0
1
.( )
L L
C
C L L
+
+
35
III.2.CC MCH DAO NG L-C:
C 3
L 3
C 1 Z L
C 2
C 3
L 3
C 1 Z L
C 2
Hnh III. 6 Mch dao ng Clapp
0 3
0 3
0
3 3
1
0
1
L
C
LC
0 3
0 1 0 2 0 3
1 1 1
0 L
C C C
3 1 2
C C v C =
36
III.2.CC MCH DAO NG L-C:
R1 = 10k
R2 = 10k
R3 = 1k
VCC = 12V
46
S tng ng:
25
CQ
hfe
hie
I
= 0.73k
' b e
r hie = 0.73k
47
2
12
1
1 2
C f
f
o C
X V
C
B
V X C C
+
.
o
v m L
f
V
A g Z
V
'
1
m
b e
hfe
g
hib r
H s truyn t mch
hi tip:
=0.033
li khuch i in p
khng hi tip:
vi =0.21
48
=2244.15 (t cng thc tnh tr khng khung cng
hng)
2
1 2
1
( / / ).
eq e
C C
R hib R
C
_ +
,
/ /
L eq o
Z R Z
.( / / )
v m eq o
A g R Z
: . 1
f v
m B A
1
1 2
. .( / / ) 1
m eq o
C
g R Z
C C
+
Vy: mch c th dao ng c cn chn gi
tr tr khng ti ln tha mn iu kin dao
ng.
49
( )
e q o
R / / Z 1 4 4 . 3
. 1.5
v f
A B
216.5
239.5
o
Z
239.5
o
Z
240
o
Z
Chn
R
eq
//Z
o
=
Nh vy : phi c
Chn
50
Tn s hot ng F = 90MHz
Cc t C1 = 68pF ,C2 = 2nF ,C3 = 47pF
Cho in p phn cc ngc ca varicap l 5V nn Cv
= 8pF
Nhn vo pha Z
o
:
o L
Z R
tan
/ /
Cv am
Z Z
tan Cv am
Z Z =
Do nhnh c tr khng ln nht khi
chn Z
amtan
= 4.7k
tan
/ /
Cv am
Z Z
220.8 87.3 ( )
o
=
tan 3
( / / )
Cv am C
Z Z Z + 258.4 87.69 ( )
o
=
tha 240
o
Z
Chn R
L
=500 Ohm
51
Cc thng s yu cu i vi cc tn ghp ni vi
mch dao ng:
+
+
54
1
2
osc
total
F
LC
o
o o o
f f
f
f f
55
Tnh ton cun dy ng vi tn s dao ng
mong mun :
Q 1
B C 5 4 7 C
V a r i c a p
R 2
1 0 k
1 2 V d c
C 4
C v
0
L 1
0
C 5
1 n
0
C 1
6 8 p
C 2
2 n
0
R 5
1 k
R 1
1 0 k
0
C 3
4 7 p
0
Cc gi tr c:
Cc t C1 = 68pF ,C2 = 2nF ,C3 = 47pF
in p phn cc ngc ca varicap l 5V nn Cv = 8pF
Yu cu thit k ti tn s 90MHz
56
Tnh ton cun dy ng vi tn s dao
ng mong mun :
= 65.76pF
= 6.84pF
= 72.6pF
6
2
1
0.043 10 43
.(2 )
total osc
L H nH
C F
1 2
1 2
a
C C
C
C C
+
3
3
v
b
v
C C
C
C C
+
total a b
C C C +
57
Q 1
B C 5 4 7 C
V a r i c a p
R 2
1 0 k
1 2 V d c
C 4
C v
0
L 1
0 . 0 4 3 u
0
C 5
1 n
0
C 1
6 8 p
C 2
2 n
0
R 5
1 k
R 1
1 0 k
0
C 3
4 7 p
0
58
IV.5.TN KHUCH I M TN:
IV.5.1.Phn tch:
M K 1
M I C R O P H O N E
1
2
V C C
R 1 0
C 1 1
C 1 0
0
R 9
R 1 2
R 1 4
Q 3
Q 2 S C 1 8 1 5
R 1 1 R 1 3
0
in tr R
9
phn cc cho micro
T C
10
l t lin lc
T bypass C
11
Transistor C1815 c hfe = 100,
V
= 0.7V
59
Phn cc DC :
9
8.2 R k
11
47 R k 10
10 R k
13
R
12
12
8.25
2.1
1.09( )
bb
b
b
CQ
b
VCC V
R k
V V
V V
I mA
R
R
hfe
+
12 13
*( ) 5
CEQ CQ
V VCC I R R V +
13
5.22 R k
Chn:
lc chn ty vo p ra cc C
(theo yu cu thit k)
60
Ch AC:
S tng ng
25
2.3
CQ
hfe
hie k
I
Gi Ri l ni tr ngun Vi, gi s Ri = 2k
61
Ch AC:
13
1
. . . . 107.46
/ /
o o b bb
v
i b i i bb bb
V V i R
A hfe R
V i V R R hie R hie
+ +
14
/ / 1.8
5.22
i bb
o
Z R hie k
Z R k
Gi s tn hiu t micro a vo c bin Vi = 20mV,
qua mch khuch i s c bin Vo = 2.15V .
in p ny c t ln varicap lm in dung thay i.
62
63
c c tn s ct nh mong mun cn
thm t C mc vo BC , t bypass C11 c gi tr
gii hn.
64
S nguyn l tr thnh
Transistor C1815 c Cbc = 2pF , hfe=100
hie = rbe = 2.3k
Rbb = 8.25k , Ri = 2k
65
S tng ng tn s thp:
0
( ) .
v vm
p
s
A s A
s
+
vm
A
107.46
0
11
12
1
.
C
hfe R
hfe
12 12
* . R hfe R
11
11
*
C
C
hfe
=120k
66
1
p
ci i
R C
( )
12
/ / / / *
ci i bb
R R R hie R +
=3.78k
11
*
i
C C
2 2
0
2 2 .20
L p
11
* C
11
C
2.1x10
-6
210.31uF
67
S tng ng tn s cao:
68
'
m
b e
hfe
g
r
0.043
13
.
o
m
i
V
K g R
V
-224.46
( )
1 13
1 .
m td
Y g R sC +
' td b c
C C C +
( )
13
1 . .
M m td
C g R C +
1
( ) .
1
o
v vm
p
s
A s A
s
+
1
p
M
RC
69
( )
'
/ / / /
i bb b e
R R R r
0.95k
2
2
1 1 1
2
H p o
_
_
,
,
H P
2 .20000
M
C
td
C
C
8.38nF
37.2pF
35.2pF
70
71
IV.5.2. di tn:
72
CV = 8pF
Ct = 72.6pF
F = 90MHz
CV = 6pF
Ct = 71.08pF
F = 91.1MHz
CV = 10pF
Ct = 74.01pF
F = 89.2 MHz
di tn :
0.9 f MHz
73
IV.5.3.Mt s loi micro:
Lp A : = 180o
Lp B : = 90o
Lp C : < 90o
1
1
1
( ).
sin cos
( )
(1 cos )
m
c c
I I
1
2
( ).
2 sin cos cos sin
( )
( 1)(1 cos )
n m
c c
n
I I
n n
n n
1
]
84
Vi lp B:
=90
o
0
( )
1
( )
= 0.3183
= 0.5
Cng sut ra ti:
1 1 1
1
1
2
1
1 1
. .
2 2
c eq c c
c
eq
c
P I R I V
V
R
I
Cc thng s ca BJT
f0 = 90Mhz
VCC = 12V
hfe=150,R15 = 220
1
max
15 12 3
c
V V
87
Phn cc DC :
5
5 6
. 0.7
cc
bb
V
V R V
R R
+
5
5 6
0.7
12
R
R R
+
V
b
= 0.7V
5
4.7 R k
6
15
75.8
4.42
2.8( )
/
bb
c
bb
R k
R k
V
I mA
R hfe R
+
Chn
88
Yu cu cng sut P1=100mW
1
2
max
1
1
. 45
2
c
eq
V
R
P
eq
R
A
R
Gi s anten c tr khng
R
A
=10
>
nn khung cng hng c dng
89
2
. 1 18.71
0.033
eq
L A
A
R
X R
R
L H
8
24.05
1
73.52
eq
C
eq
A
R
X
R
R
C pF
90
S tng ng
91
'
25 150
1.34
2.8
b e
r k
'
'
'
'
'
0.112( )
(1 . ). (1 0.112 45) 2.6 15.704
/ / / /
/ / 1.02
/ /
. 0.78
/ /
m
M m eq b c
i b b e M
bb b e
bb b e
vm m eq
i bb b e
g s
C g R C pF
Z R r C
R r k
R r
A g R
R R r
+ +
+
92
R7
10
L3
33uH
R5
4.7k
Q2
R6
75k
Rin
5.6k
L2
0.033u
12Vdc
R15
220
0
Vin
0
C15
10u
C8
73.5p
C7
10u
L4
33uH
93
S nguyn l hon chnh:
94
Dng nhiu ng vo
S nguyn l
R10
10k
R12
1.2k
R11
47k
C11
100u
0
V1
FREQ = 2Khz
VAMPL = 100mV
VOFF = 0v
C10
1u
R13
5.22k
Q3
Q2SC1815
R9
8.2k
0
V2
12Vdc
99
M phng phn cc DC:
V 1
F R E Q = 2 K h z
V A M P L = 1 0 0 m V
V O F F = 0 v
1 . 4 6 3 m A
0
R 9
8 . 2 k
1 . 4 6 3 m A
C 1 1
1 0 0 0 u
R 1 3
5 . 2 2 k
1 . 0 9 2 m A
R 1 2
1 . 2 k
1 . 0 9 9 m A
Q 3
Q 2 S C 1 8 1 5
7 . 1 5 9 u A
1 . 0 9 2 m A
- 1 . 0 9 9 m A
R 1 0
1 0 k
2 0 4 . 6 u A
C 1 0
1 0 0 0 u
V 2
1 2 V d c
2 . 7 6 7 m A
R 1 1
4 7 k
2 1 1 . 8 u A
0
V
100
Kt qu :
L thuyt ( phn
IV.5.1)
M phng
ICQ(mA) 1.09 1.092
VCEQ(V) 5 4.98
101
M phng ch AC:
C 1 1
1 0 0 0 u
R 1 1
4 7 k
R 1 3
5 . 2 2 k R 9
8 . 2 k
0
R 1 2
1 . 2 k
V 1
F R E Q = 2 K h z
V A M P L = 1 0 m V
V O F F = 0 v
Q 3
Q 2 S C 1 8 1 5
V 2
1 2 V d c
C 1 0
1 0 0 0 u
R 1 0
1 0 k
0
V
102
-Tn hiu vo l sng sin ,bin 10mV ,tn s 2KHz
-Quan st dng sng ng ra ti cc C ca transistor
103
L thuyt M phng
Av -107.46 -200
104
Nhn xt:
-Phn cc DC gn ging vi l thuyt
-Tn hiu ng ra ngc pha vi ng vo
- Bin in p ra Vom = 2V
- li in p lch nhiu so vi tnh ton do trong
l thuyt c cho trc tr khng ngun.
105
V.2.M PHNG TNG DAO NG :
Qu trnh pht sinh dao ng l do nhiu trong linh kin bn dn , c hi
tip v ng vo sau mt khong thi gian ngn s t c bin v tn
s dao ng n nh.Tuy nhin cc linh kin trong th vin ca phn mm
Pspice khng c cc c tnh ngu nhin nh cc linh kin thc t v vy
cc iu kin dao ng c khc so vi l thuyt.Do vy khi m phng mch
dao ng , mch nguyn l khc so vi l thuyt.
Do transistor trong m phng khng to c nhiu do mch dao
ng cn phi to gi tr in p ban u cho 2 t C1 ,C2 .T s np x v
hi tip v ng vo v sau khong thi gian ngn s to c dao ng n
nh.
Cn chn t s in dung 2 t C1 , C2 ph hp .in dung mi t phi ln
m bo khng lm mt dao ng.
Dng in p ng ra ngc li vi l thuyt. Ban u rt ln sau gim
dn n mc n nh.Bin in p ng ra cn quyt nh bi ti RL . Tr
khng ti nh qu cng khng dao ng c.
Do in dung t ln nn c tn s dao ng cao th cun dy c in
cm rt nh, kh thi cng trn thc t.Tn s dao ng c iu chnh
bng cch thay i gi tr in cm cun dy.
106
S nguyn l:
107
Tnh ton:
Dng varicap MV2109 c c tuyn in dung theo in
p
-Ti in p 5V , in dung varicap l Cv = 35pF
-Ngun tn hiu vo c bin 10mV.Ng ra tng
khuch i m tn theo nh m phng c li Av =
-200 .Bin l 2 V.
Khi in p a vo phn cc varicap l 3V , CV1 =
40pF
Khi in p a vo phn cc varicap l 7V , CV2 =
30pF
Cc thng s :
C1 = 560p
108
C
2
= 8n
C
3
= 10p
C
V
= 35p (5V)
L
1
= 0.007u
1 2
1 2
3
3
523.6
7.78
/ / 531.14
a
v
b
v
a b total a b
C C
C p
C C
C C
C p
C C
C C C C C p
+
+
1
82.54
2
osc
total
F MHz
LC
109
di tn:
CV1 = 40pF
CV2 = 30pF
1
82.52
2
osc
total
F MHz
LC
1
82.63
2
90
osc
total
F MHz
LC
f KHz
110
M phng:
Min thi gian
111
112
113
114
VI.THC HIN MCH IN LAYOUT:
Tm hiu l thuyt v iu ch tn s.
Tm linh kin ph hp vi yu cu .
Thit k mch phi hp tr khng a ra anten.
Tm hiu mt s loi micro thng dng.
M phng mch dao ng.
Thc hin mch in v thc hin cun dy theo tn s dao
ng mong mun.
http://electronics-diy.com/index.php
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/navy/docs/es310/syllabus.htm (iu ch
FM)
http://www.daycounter.com/Calculators/(tnh ton cun dy)
http://www.qsl.net/wa2whv/bta-500r.shtml
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphone
http://www.datasheetcatalog.com