Wayne State University

OEH 7510 Laboratory 6 Developing a Sampling Strategy for an Industrial Operation

Student Name: Course Name: Course Code: Instructors:

John Conricode Air Sampling and Analysis OEH 7510 Sarunas Mingela John Rucinski

Due Date:

December 17, 2006

INDUSTRIAL PAINTING OPERATION AIR SAMPLING PROPOSAL Introduction The purpose of the air sampling strategy proposed here is to evaluate employee exposure to hazardous materials on the job, and to identify processes that could be the source of peak exposures. The purpose is further to establish compliance with occupational and environmental regulations, and to protect employee health. To this end, personal samples will be collected. Battery operated personal samplers will be affixed to individuals, and will collect data regarding actual individual exposures. Personal samplers will utilize sorbent tubes and filters, thus avoiding the danger of liquid spills. Some area samples will also be collected to evaluate the effectiveness of the ventilation system in controlling worker exposure. Sampling will be performed while employees are performing representative work at their jobs. Both 15 minute STEL short term samples and 8 hr TWA long term samples will be collected. Short term samples will be collected during times identified as episodes of possible overexposure, based on further study of the process. Compliance will be evaluated by comparison to regulatory OSHA PELs, and furthermore by comparison to recommended ACGIH TLVs. Sampling results will also be extrapolated to other chemical exposures not sampled, to address additive effects of multiple exposures and combined OSHA PELs. Process engineering details were analyzed, and employees are divided into 4 similar exposure groups (SEGs) groups of employees with similar tasks and similar exposures. Exposures of any member of the SEG are representative of exposures of all members of the group. Hazardous materials evaluated here include dusts particulate aerosol from abrasion by sanding and handling through blowing, mists liquid aerosols generated by breaking up of bulk liquid paint, and vapors the gaseous form of liquid organic solvents. Selection of chemical hazards for air sampling is based on the confluence of both anticipated exposure potential and health effect of the chemical hazard. For the spray painting operations, for example, higher solvent concentration and higher solvent vapor pressures result in higher exposure potentials. Some volatile solvent components of the spray paint mixtures are of toxic health effects. Consequently, some solvent-volatiles of the spray painting operations are selected for air sampling. (See appropriate sections for further details.) The analytical method chosen for the air sampling of a specific analyte is based on the following resources: NIOSH manual of analytical methods and Clayton Laboratory guide. The method chosen then dictates the sample media, flow rate ranges, etc. Duration of sampling is determined by limit of detections and air flow rate (and OEL). Statistical sampling strategy require that a minimum of 6 sample be collected from each group of workers (SEG).

Total Cost of Project. The cost of the project will incorporate the costs of sample analysis and the cost of labor. Here only the cost of sample analysis is considered. The total cost of sample analysis is $2,144. For a breakdown of cost by sample type, see analyte sampling strategies further in this document. Although the use of direct reading instruments makes unnecessary the sending of samples to a laboratory, the initial cost of purchasing the instrument is deemed excessive at this time.

Total Particulate Air Sampling Strategy Exposure to airborne particulates derives from two processes: dusting and sanding, and spray painting. Spray guns atomize spray paint, and the mist formed consists of fine liquid droplets in suspension in air. Evaporation of the droplet liquid solvent then leaves behind solid residue. Sanding produces particulate aerosol by abrasion, and blowing similarly produces particulate aerosol by entrainment. Total particulate is measured to avoid the use of the dust cyclone in the field. Following particulate collection, gravimetric analysis will be used to obtain mass. Amorphous silica is present in the clear lacquer solids. The amorphous silica OSHA PEL and ACGIH TLV are both 10 mg/m3 (no crystalline silica present). Should particulate exposure from spray painting be excessive, further scrutiny will be paid to the amorphous silica exposure.

Job Category 1. Dusting and Sanding 2. Spray painting barrier coat or glaze or lacquer spray paint booths 1 15. Type of Sample Total Aerosol Mass / Particulates Not Otherwise Regulated, Total Number of Samples 1. Dusting and Sanding (SEG) 6 personal samples for 8 hr TWA 6 personal samples for 15 min STEL 2. Spray painting barrier coat or glaze or lacquer spray paint booths 1 15. (SEG) 6 personal samples for 8 hr TWA 6 personal samples for 15 min STEL

NIOSH Method: METHOD: 0500 FLOW RATE: 1 to 2 L/min VOL-MIN: 7 L @ 15 mg/m3 -MAX: 133 L @ 15 mg/m3 RANGE: 0.1 to 2 mg per sample ESTIMATED LOD: 0.03 mg per sample

Sample Media: Sampler: Filter (tared 37-mm, 5-m PVC filter) OEL OSHA : 15 mg/m3 ACGIH: 10 mg/m3, total dust less than 1% quartz Flowrate and Duration For 8 hr TWA: Flow rate: 1 L/min Duration: 420 min For 15 min STEL Flow rate: 2 L/min Duration: 15 min Cost: 24 x $16 = $384

Methyl Ethyl Ketone Air Sampling Strategy Spray techniques are utilized to apply the barrier coat to cabinets, and the coating solvents permit easy handling and application. Subsequently, the cabinets are heat dried in ovens to remove the volatiles. All volatiles in the spray paint are emitted into the workplace or and/ into capture equipment. When barrier coat is mixed 1:1 with reducer, MEK will be the principle volatile component the volatile component present in highest concentration. Other volatile components of the mixture are less toxic. Isopropyl acetate is of OSHA PEL 250 ppm, ACGIH TLV-TWA: 250 ppm, STEL 310 ppm. Isopropyl alcohol is of OSHA PEL 400 ppm, ACGIH TLV-TWA: 400 ppm, STEL 500 ppm. Should MEK prove to be of excessive concentration, other related exposures will also be investigated.

Job Category 1. Barrier Coat spray painting spray paint booths 1, 2, and 3. (SEG) Type of Sample: Methyl Ethyl Ketone Number of Samples 6 personal samples for 8 hr TWA 6 personal samples for 15 min STEL NIOSH Method: METHOD: 2500 FLOW RATE: 0.01 to 0.2 L/min VOL-MIN: 0.25 L @ 200 ppm -MAX: 12 L RANGE: 0.15 to 5 mg per sample ESTIMATED LOD: 4 ug per sample [2,3]

Sample Media: Solid Sorbent Tube (beaded carbon, ~150 mg/~75 mg) OEL OSHA : 200 ppm (590 mg/ m3) ACGIH: 200 ppm: STEL 300 ppm Flowrate and Duration For 8 hr TWA: Flow rate: 0.02 L/min Duration: 420 min For 15 min STEL Flow rate: 0.2 L/min Duration: 15 min Cost: $20 + (12 x $20) = $260

VM&P Naphtha Air Sampling Strategy Spray techniques are utilized to apply glaze and lacquer to cabinets, and the constituent solvents permit easy handling and application. Subsequently, the cabinets are heat dried in ovens to remove the volatiles and wiped. All volatiles in the spray paint are emitted into the workplace or and/ into capture equipment. VM&P Naphtha is principle volatile component of both glaze and lacquer. For glaze, the vapor pressure of Naphtha is higher that that of Mineral Spirits the volatile component of next highest concentration. VM&P Naphtha and mineral spirits are of similar toxicity. VM&P Naphtha is of OSHA PEL 100 ppm; Mineral Spirits is of OSHA PEL 100 ppm, ACGIH TLV-TWA: 400 ppm Fly speck is similar to glaze. For lacquer, next highest concentration volatile components of the mixture is less toxic. Isopropyl acetate is of OSHA PEL 250 ppm, ACGIH TLV-TWA: 250 ppm, STEL 310 ppm. Should VM&P Naphtha prove to be of excessive concentration, other related exposures will also be investigated. Note that some area samples for VM&P Naphtha will be collected to evaluate the effectiveness of ventilation system in controlling worker exposure.

Job Category 1. Spray painting glaze or lacquer spray paint booths 4 15. (SEG) 2. Workers wiping glaze from cabinets (SEG) Type of Sample: VM&P Naphtha Number of Samples 1. Spray painting glaze or lacquer spray paint booths 4 15. 6 personal samples for 8 hr TWA 6 personal samples for 15 min STEL 2. Workers wiping glaze from cabinets 6 personal samples for 8 hr TWA 6 personal samples for 15 min STEL

3. Evaluation of the effectiveness of ventilation system 6 area samples for 8 hr TWA

NIOSH Method: METHOD: 1550 FLOW RATE: 0.01 to 0.2 L/min VOL-MIN: 1.3 L @ 400 mg/m 3; 0.2 L @ 2500 mg/m 3 -MAX: 20 L @ 400 mg/m3; 3.2 L @ 2500 mg/m 3 RANGE: 0.5 to 10 mg per sample [2,3,4] ESTIMATED LOD: 0.1 mg per sample Sample Media: Sampler: Solid Sorbent Tube (coconut shell charcoal, 100 mg/50 mg) OEL OSHA : 100 ppm Flowrate and Duration For 8 hr TWA: Flow rate: 0.01 L/min Duration: 420 min For 15 min STEL Flow rate: .2 L/min Duration: 15 min Cost: 30 x $50 = $1,500.