LVTN

I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

KHOA IN IN T
B MN VIN THNG
LUN VN TT NGHIP
MICROSTRIP - LOG PERIODIC

ANTENNA
CHO H THNG UWB
GVHD : ThS. NGUYN DNG TH NHN
SVTH : NGUYN HOI ANH
MSSV : 40600060
LP
: DD06DV1
TP. H CH MINH, Thng 1/2011
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

KHOA IN IN T
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp T do Hnh phc
o0o
Ngy thng nm 2011
PHIU CHM BO V LVTN

(Dnh cho ngi hng dn)
1. H v tn SV:
NGUYN HOI ANH

Ngnh : Vin Thng
MSSV: 40600060
2. ti: Microstrip log periodic antenna cho h thng UWB

3. H tn ngi hng dn : ThS. NGUYN DNG TH NHN
4. Tng qut v bn thuyt minh:
S trang
S chng
S bng s liu
S hnh v
S ti liu tham kho

Phn mm tnh ton
5. Tng qut v cc bn v:
- S bn v:
bn A1
bn A2
kh khc
- S bn v tay
s bn v trn my tnh
6. Nhng u im chnh ca LVTN:
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7. Nhng thiu st chnh ca LVTN:

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8. ngh:
c bo v
B sung thm bo v .
Khng c bo v
9. 3 cu hi sinh vin tr li trc Hi ng:
a) ..................................................................................................................................
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b) ...............................................................................................................................................
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c) ...............................................................................................................................................
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10. nh gi chung (bng ch: gii, kh, TB): im ...........................

K tn (ghi r h tn)
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

KHOA IN IN T

c lp T do Hnh phc
o0o
Ngy thng nm 2011
PHIU CHM BO V LVTN

(Dnh cho ngi phn bin)
1. H v tn SV:
NGUYN HOI ANH

MSSV: 40600060
Ngnh : Vin Thng
2. ti: Microstrip log periodic antenna cho h thng UWB
3. H tn ngi hng dn : ThS. NGUYN DNG TH NHN
4. Tng qut v bn thuyt minh:
S trang
S chng
S bng s liu
S hnh v
S ti liu tham kho

Phn mm tnh ton
5. Tng qut v cc bn v:
- S bn v:
bn A1
bn A2
kh khc
- S bn v tay
s bn v trn my tnh
6. Nhng u im chnh ca LVTN:
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7. Nhng thiu st chnh ca LVTN:

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8. ngh:
c bo v
B sung thm bo v .
Khng c bo v
9. 3 cu hi sinh vin tr li trc Hi ng:
a) .................................................................................................................................
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b) ..............................................................................................................................................
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c) ..............................................................................................................................................
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10. nh gi chung (bng ch: gii, kh, TB): im ...........................

K tn (ghi r h tn)
B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA
Thnh ph H Ch Minh
Khoa: in in t
B mn Vin Thng

c lp T do Hnh phc
o0o
NHIM V LUN VN TT NGHIP

(Dnh cho ngi hng dn)
H v tn SV : NGUYN HOI ANH
MSSV: 40600060
NGNH :
VIN THNG
LP: DD06DV1
1. u lun vn: Microstrip log periodic antenna cho h thng UWB
2. Nhim v: (Yu cu v ni dung v s liu ban u):
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3. Ngy giao nhim v lun vn:

4. Ngy hon thnh nhim v:
5. H v tn ngi hng dn:
Phn hng dn
1. ........................................ ..........................................
.........
...................................................
2. ........................................
Ni dung v yu cu LVTN c thng qua B Mn.
Ngy thng nm 2011
CH NHIM B MN
(K v ghi r h tn)
PHN DNH CHO KHOA, B MN:

Ngi duyt (chm s b): -------------------n v: -------------------------------------------
Ngy bo v: -----------------------------------im tng kt: ----------------------------------
Ni lu tr lun vn: ---------------------------
NGI HNG DN CHNH

(K v ghi r h tn)
GVHD : Th.S NGUYN DNG TH NHN
LI CM N
Em xin dnh li cm n u tin n thy hng dn trc tip, thy Nguyn

Dng Th Nhn. Em bit n chn thnh su sc s gip ca thy trong sut
thi gian lm ti. Thy l ngi tn tnh ch bo, du dt v nh hng cho
em t n, thc tp n lun vn ny.
Em xin gi li cm n, lng knh trng n cc thy c trong khoa inin t v b mn Vin Thng tn tm dy bo truyn t nhng kin thc qu
bu to cho em nn tng kin thc vng chc c th thc hin ti. c bit l
cm n thy Hong Mnh H ch bo cng nh to mi iu kin cho em khi o
c trong phng th nghim.
Con xin gi li bit n v hn n cha m v gia nh. Cha m nui nng,
dy d, lun ng vin h tr gip con vt qua nhng lc kh khn nht.
Ti xin cm n tt c bn b v nhng ngi thn chia s gip trong
sut nhng nm hc qua.
Cui cng ti t cm n mnh, nhng phn u n lc ca bn thn, s c
gng hc hi tip thu kin thc lm hnh trang bc vo i.
TP. H Ch Minh, Thng 1/2011

Sinh Vin
NGUYN HOI ANH
TM TT LUN VN
Trong nhng nm gn y h thng thng tin v tuyn ton cu c nhng

bc pht trin thn k. Vi tc , i hi phi m rng di tn s hot ng
vi xu hng nghin cu cc ng dng nhng di tn cao. Cng ngh UWB ra i
nhm p ng nhng yu cu cp thit ny. Song song th anten (mt thit b
thit yu ca h thng v tuyn) cng c pht trin khng ngng ph hp vi
cc cng ngh mi ra i.
Lun vn tp trung tm hiu h thng UWB cng nh cc ng dng ca
chng. Bn cnh , phn quan trng l xy dng m hnh l thuyt anten lm
c s cho vic thit k, m phng v thi cng mt anten bng rng ng dng trong
cng ngh ny.
Anten c chn thit k l anten loga - chu k thc hin trn nn vi di
(MS-LPDA Antenna). Vic m phng c thc hin trn phn mm IE3D ca
Zeland. Anten c thi cng trn PCB FR- 4. Cc kt qu o c thc nghim tin
hnh trn my o cao tn Network Analyzer ZVB8 v cc iu kin sn c.
Trang 1
MC LC
PHN I : XY DNG C S L THUYT
MC LC..................................................................................................................2
PHN I : XY DNG C S L THUYT..........................................................5
CHNG 1 : TNG QUAN V
ULTRA - WIDE BAND (UWB) 5
1.1. Gii thiu...........................................................................................................5

1.2. c im ca UWB:..........................................................................................5
1.3. Cc tiu chun ca UWB.................................................................................12
1.3.1. Tiu chun UWB ca USA (FCC)................................................................12
1.3.2. Tiu chun UWB ca Chu u ..................................................................13
1.4. ng dng ca k thut UWB...........................................................................14
1.5. Anten ng dng trong UWB radar: .................................................................16
1.5.1. Yu cu cn c i vi Anten dng cho UWB radar..................................16
1.5.2. Mt s loi Anten ng dng cho UWB Radar ............................................16
CHNG 2: L THUYT ANTEN......................................................................19

2.1. V tr ca anten trong k thut v tuyn.........................................................19
2.2. Cc c tnh ca anten...................................................................................21
2.3. Phn t c bn ca anten...............................................................................25
2.4. Ngun bc x nguyn t ca anten................................................................25
2.4.1. Lng cc in..........................................................................................25
2.4.2. Lng cc t ...........................................................................................27
CHNG 3: M HNH ANTEN VI DI (MICROSTRIP ANTENNA)..............29

3.1. Gii thiu.........................................................................................................29
3.2. Cc c tnh ca Anten vi di..........................................................................30
3.3. Cc phng php phn tch anten vi di.........................................................31
3.4. Anten vi di hnh ch nht (RMSAs)................................................................32
3.4.1. Anten vi di na sng...............................................................................32
3.4.2. Anten phn t sng...................................................................................35
Trang 2
3.5. Tr khng vo anten vi di..............................................................................36

3.6. Bng thng ca anten vi di..........................................................................39
3.7. Phn cc ca anten vi di...............................................................................40
CHNG 4: THIT LP ANTEN BNG RNG ANTEN LOGA CHU K. 41

4.1. Di thng tn v di tn cng tc ca anten..................................................41
4.1.1. Di thng tn............................................................................................41
4.1.2. Di tn cng tc........................................................................................41
4.2. Phng php m rng di tn s ca anten chn t.......................................42
4.3. Phng php thit lp anten di rng theo nguyn l tng t......................43
4.4. Anten lga - chu k ( log periodic antenna)..................................................43
4.5. c im kt cu anten loga chu k v phng php tnh ton ....................46
CHNG 5 : THIT K, M PHNG MS-LPDA ANTENNA CHO H THNG

UWB........................................................................................................................52
5.1. Cc thng s anten loga chu k......................................................................52
5.2. Trnh t thit k anten MS-LPDA ....................................................................53
5.3. Kch thc anten c thit k ......................................................................55
CHNG 6 : THI CNG V KT QU O C..............................................64

6.1. Cc s liu ban u.........................................................................................64
6.2. Cc kt qu o c.........................................................................................67
CHNG 7 : KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN........................................70

7.1. Kt qu t c.............................................................................................70
7.2. Hng pht trin ti...................................................................................70
TI LIU THAM KHO........................................................................................................... 71
Trang 3
CC T VIT TT
BPF
Band-Pass Filter
BW
BandWidth
CDMA
Code Division Multiple Access
CEPT
European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications
DSP
Digital Signal Processing
EIRP
Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
FCC
Federal Communication Commission
FNBW
First Null BeamWidth
GPS
Global Positioning System
GSM
Global System for Mobile Communications
HFBW
Half-Power BeamWidth
IEEE
The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
ISI
Inter-Symbol Interference
ITU
International Telecommunications Union
LPF
Low-Pass Filter
MSA
Microstrip Antenna
MS-LPDA
Microstrip Log Periodic Dipole Array
PAM
Pulse Amplitude Modulation
PCS
Personal Communications Service
PPM
Pulse Position Modulation
RMSA
Rectangular Microstrip Antenna
SNR
Signal to Noise Ratio
SWR
Standing Wave Ratio
TH
Time Hopping
UWB
Ultra Wide Band
Trang 4
PHN I : XY DNG C S L THUYT

CHNG 1 : TNG QUAN V
ULTRA - WIDE BAND (UWB)
1.1. Gii thiu
Cng ngh Ultra Wide Band (UWB) l cng ngh kh mi trong truyn thng hin nay.
UWB l k ngh v tuyn truyn d liu vi tc cao khong cch ngn, bng thng rng v
cng sut thp. UWB truyn nhn thng tin nh vic s dng hng triu xung cc hp ( rng
khong vi trm ps) trong mi giy. K thut UWB c bt u s dng t khong 20 nm tr
li y, u tin UWB ch c s dng cho cc mc ch qun s nh cc ng dng radar d
tm vt th. T 14-2-2002, FCC (Federal Communication Commission) cho php s dng
UWB trong di tn t 3.1 GHz 10.6 GHz cho cc mc ch dn s. Ngy nay, k thut UWB
c s dng ph bin trong lnh vc thng tin lin lc. Nh cc ng dng ca UWB ngy
cng m rng v pht trin.
1.2. c im ca UWB:
Nhng h thng thng tin da trn nguyn tc pht xung (Impulse radio) cng nh cc h
thng radar xung (impulse radar) u s dng nhng xung rt hp (vi trm ps). Do s to ra
tn hiu c ph v cng rng (ultra wideband spectrum). V k thut iu ch s dng cho cc
h thng ny l: iu ch v tr xung (Pulse Posititon Modulation PPM). Cc tn hiu UWB l
cc tn hiu b xung tng i kh. Tuy nhin nh mt cng sut nh m cc tn hiu UWB
s chng c hin tng giao thoa (interference). y l tr ngi ln trong cc h thng thng
tin bng hp. UWB c c im khc c h thng thng tin khc l: bng thng rt rng v c
truyn di dng khng sng mang (carrierless).
Bng thng ca h thng UWB ln hn rt nhiu bng thng ca cc h thng hin ti s
dng trong thng tin lin lc. UWB l tn hiu c bng thng t l chim 20% ca tn s trung
tm hoc bng thng ti thiu 500MHz bt k bng thng t l.
Trang 5
Hnh 1.2.1. Ph ca h thng UWB v mt s h thng khc

Cc tn hiu UWB l tn hiu ging nhiu (Noiselike). Do , vic nhn v tch tn hiu
b thu tng i kh. Tuy nhin nh mt cng sut nh m tn hiu UWB s chng c hin
tng giao thoa, y l kh khn ln nht trong h thng thng tin bng hp. Do ph thuc vo
rng v hnh dng ca xung, bng thng ca tn hiu c th t c vi trm MHz n vi
GHz trong khi i vi cc h thng khc, bng thng thng nh hn 10% tn s trung tm.
Hnh 1.2.2. Tn hiu xung v ph ca h thng UWB

Vi bng thng rt rng, UWB c knh truyn vt tri so vi cc h thng v tuyn khc.
Dung lng knh truyn theo nh l Shannon c nh ngha nh sau:
C = BW log2 (1 + SNR)
(1.1)
Trang 6

Vi:
C : Dung lng knh (bits/sec)

BW : Bng thng knh truyn (Hz)
SNR : T s tn hiu trn nhiu
Phng trnh trn cho thy dung lng knh truyn tng tuyn tnh theo bng thng, m
bng thng ca k thut UWB rt ln nn k thut UWB c kh nng truyn d liu vi tc
cao, dung lng ln.
Phng php iu ch thi gian (Time Modulated) cho UWB da trn vic pht khng
lin tc cc xung Gauss cc ngn hoc mt s dng xung khc nh xung monocycle. Mi xung
c ph tn s rt rng (Ultra Wide). Phng php truyn dn ny khng yu cu phi c sng
mang, cc xung s c truyn trc tip trn knh truyn UWB. Cc nguyn l trn c xem l
k thut pht xung (IR) trong UWB. Mi bit thng tin s c tri trn N xung monocycle
chng nhiu v hin tng giao thoa (Interference) trn knh truyn. li tin trnh (Processing
gain) ca phng php truyn dn ny c dn ra bi cng thc:
PG1 = 10 log10 ( N )
(1.2)
Dng xung monocycle cho UWB phi c phng trnh tha mn ph tn s rng. Xung
Gauss, xung Laplace, xung Rayleigh, xung Hermit l cc xung ph hp vi yu cu trn. iu
ch d liu cho UWB thng da trn phng php nh v xung (Pulse Position Modulation PPM), phng php iu ch bin xung (Pulse Amplitude Modulation PAM). Ti b thu tn
hiu s ly tng quan cho trc tip t tn hiu RF thu c, do khng cn s xut hin ca
b converter na. Khng ging nh trong cc h thng tri ph hin hnh, cc xung trong UWB
khng cn thit phi xut hin trong ton b chu k. C ngha l chu k lm vic (duty cycle) c
th rt thp. B thu ch cn pht hin tn hiu trn knh truyn trong mt khong thi gian rt
ngn gia cc xung. Do , Processing Gain ti b thu:
PG2 = 10 log10 (
Vi
Tf
)
Tp
(1.3)
Tf : Khung thi gian dch (Time hopping frame)

Tp : rng xung ( Impulse Width)
Do , li tng ca tin trnh (Total Processing Gain) s l tng ca hai li trn:

PG = PG1 + PG2
(1.4)
Trang 7
UWB nh s dng pht xung khng lin tc nn hn ch c nh hng ca hin

tng a ng. R rng nu thi gian ca xung pht ln hn thi gian tr ca knh truyn
(Channel delay) th s khng cn xut hin hin tng ISI na. Trong truyn dn khng lin tc,
cc xung lin tip nhau s c gi i trong tng frame thi gian. Cc frame (Tf) ny c xc
nh bi cc m dch thi gian gi ngu nhin (Pseudo Random Time Hopping Code). Do
rng xung rt nh, thi gian lp li ca cc xung li ln (so vi rng xung), nn xung sau khi
c pht i s b suy hao rt nhanh trc khi 1 xung k tip c pht. Do s chng c
hin tng giao thoa xung (InterPulse Interference). Trong min thi gian, xung monocycle
Gauss c xc nh bi vi phn bc nht ca xung Gauss. Hnh 1.2.3 v 1.2.4 s biu din xung
monocycle Gauss trong min thi gian v tn s vi rng xung khc nhau:
Hnh 1.2.3 Xung monocycle Gauss trong min thi gian
Trang 8
Hnh 1.2.4. Xung monocycle Gauss trong min tn s

Hm ton hc ca xung monocycle Gauss c xc nh nh sau:
v(t ) = 6A
e t
e
3 Tp
6 (
t 2
)
Tp
(1.5)
Vi A : bin xung
Tp : rng xung
Bin i Fourier qua min tn s ta c:
2 2
f Tp
AfT p2 e
V( f ) = j
e 6
3
2
(1.6)
Hnh 1.2.5 a ra s khi cho h thng Time Hopping UWB (TH UWB) da trn
nguyn tc pht xung v dng k thut iu ch PPM.
Trang 9
Hnh 1.2.5. H thng UWB da trn TH- PPM

Dng xung v ph ca n trong h thng c trnh by hnh 1.2.6 v 1.2.7.Trong hnh
1.2.6, ng nt lin din t cho xung c to ra v ng nt t din t cho dng xung trn
knh truyn. Anten UWB hot ng tng ng vi 1 b lc thng cao v c th c thay th
bi 1 khi vi phn trong min thi gian. Do , dng xung c truyn i trn ng truyn s l
dng vi phn bc nht ca tn hiu xung c to ra.
Hnh 1.2.6. Cc dng xung Gauss trong h thng TH UWB
Trang 10
Hnh 1.2.7. Ph bn min tn s

Trong hnh 1.2.6 v 1.2.7, xung Gauss kp (Gaussian Doublet Pulse) cng c a ra nh
mt dng xung y tim nng s c dng trong tng lai. Tuy nhin dng xung ny ch ph
hp cho cc ng dng nh v hn l cc ng dng thng tin lin lc ca UWB. Bi v n c
rng xung gp 2 ln xung Gauss v c thi gian tr gia 2 xung l Tw. Do s gii hn bng
thng v khng th dng cho cc ng dng thng tin d liu tc cao. Trong mt s trng hp
Tw ca xung Gauss kp c dng to ra cc khang ph trng vi ch chng hin tng
giao thoa. Vi bng thng rng, tn hiu UWB cn c kh nng chng li hin tng fading.
Khng ging nh h thng bng hp, UWB ch ph thuc vo hnh dng xung do c lp vi
tc d liu. V vy ngay c tc d liu thp, h thng UWB vn c kh nng chng
fading.
Tm li, h thng UWB c mt s u im v khuyt im ring nh sau:
u im:
Khng cn bng tn dnh ring nh cc h thng thng tin khc.
H thng phn cng thc hin khng phc tp lm.
H thng UWB c thit k kh n gin vi gi thnh thp: Do khng cn thit k
Trang 11
tng s trn tn hiu (mixing stage). ng thi cc b upconversion, down- conversion, b

khuych i trong cc h thng thu pht c in cng s khng cn thit. Ti b thu, cc b delay
cng nh cc b bm pha cng s bin mt.
Hot ng hiu qu trong mi trng truyn dn nhiu tia.
Mt ph cng sut thp nn t gy nhiu i vi cc h thng hot ng cng tn s.
UWB i hi cng sut tiu th thp (c 1/10000 ca GSM).
Do kh nng nh v chnh xc, radar s dng k thut UWB c chnh xc gp nhiu
ln h thng radar truyn thng.

C th truyn d liu vi tc rt cao trn khong cch ngn.
Khuyt im:
Tc truyn t l nghch vi khong cch, do c gii hn v tc khi truyn trn
khong cch ln.
Kh ng b my pht v my thu.
Cng sut tiu th thp nn gii hn khong cch truyn.

1.3. Cc tiu chun ca UWB
1.3.1. Tiu chun UWB ca USA (FCC)
nh ngha u tin c a ra xc nh mt tn hiu UWB l bng thng tn hiu phi
trn 0.25. Cng thc Taylor ca bng thng tn hiu UWB c xc nh nh sau:
BW = 2
fH fL
fH + fL
(1.7)
Vi f H , f L tn s ct -3dB.
Sau , FCC cng b bng thng ti thiu c cho php gim xung l 0.2 hoc ti
thiu l 500 MHz v fH, fL cng c nh ngha -10dB. Cc gii hn pht cho cc ng dng
indoor v outdoor c nu nh sau:
Trang 12
Hnh 1.3.1. Tiu chun UWB ca FCC

1.3.2. Tiu chun UWB ca Chu u
CEPT
(European
Conference
Postal
and
Telecommunication)
lp
nhm
CEPT/ERC/REC 70-30 (Ultra-Wide Band Working Group, 1999) nhm a ra cc chun cho
UWB. Di y l chun ITU 2002 cho cc ng dng indoor v outdoor :
Trang 13
Hnh 1.3.2. Tiu chun UWB ca ITU

1.4. ng dng ca k thut UWB
H thng thng tin v o lng.
H thng radar.
H thng nh v di mt t, xuyn tng, hnh nh y khoa, gim st.
Hnh 1.4.1. Local/Personal area Network
Trang 14
Hnh 1.4.2. H thng d tm bom n
Hnh 1.4.3. Nhn xuyn tng
Hnh 1.4.4. Radio Frequency Identificatio
Trang 15
Hnh 1.4.5. Mt s ng dng khc ca UWB

1.5. Anten ng dng trong UWB radar:
1.5.1. Yu cu cn c i vi Anten dng cho UWB radar
Hot ng bng thng cc rng.
m bo c s tuyn tnh pha trong di tn hot ng ( c th phc hi chnh xc
khi dng sng ng vo khng phi dng sin).

Cc anten thu-pht phi m bo tnh trung thc tn hiu vi sai lch nh nht.
1.5.2. Mt s loi Anten ng dng cho UWB Radar
Trang 16
Trang 17
Hnh 1.5. Mt s lai Antenna thng dng trong UWB Radar
Trang 18
CHNG 2: L THUYT ANTEN

2.1. V tr ca anten trong k thut v tuyn
Vic truyn nng lng in t trong khng gian c th c thc hin theo hai cch:
Dng cc h truyn dn, ngha l cc h dn sng in t nh ng dy song hnh,
ng truyn ng trc, ng dn sng kim loi hoc in mi ... Sng in t truyn lan
trong cc h thng ny thuc loi sng din t rng buc.
Bc x sng ra khng gian. Sng s c truyn di dng sng in t t do.
Thit b dng bc x sng in t hoc thu nhn sng t khng gian bn ngoi c gi
l anten.
Anten l b phn quan trng khng th thiu c ca bt k h thng v tuyn in no,
bi v h thng v tuyn ngha l h thng trong c s dng sng in t, th khng th khng
dng n thit b bc x hoc thu sng in t (thit b anten).
V d, mt h thng lin lc v tuyn n gin bao gm my pht, my thu, anten pht v
anten thu. Thng thng gia my pht v anten pht cng nh my thu v anten thu khng ni
trc tip vi nhau m c ghp vi nhau qua ng truyn nng lng in t, gi l fide.
Trong h thng ny, my pht c nhim v to ra dao ng in cao tn. Dao ng in s c
truyn i theo fide ti anten pht di dng sng in t rng buc. Anten pht c nhim v bin
i sng in t rng buc trong fide thnh sng in t t do bc x ra khng gian. Cu to ca
anten s quyt nh c tnh bin i nng lng in t ni trn.
Anten thu c nhim v ngc vi anten pht, ngha l tip nhn sng in t t do t
khng gian ngoi v bin i chng thnh sng in t rng buc. Sng ny s c truyn theo
fide ti my thu. Nhng cn lu nng lng in t m anten thu tip nhn t khng gian ngoi
s ch c mt phn c truyn ti my thu, cn mt phn s bc x tr li khng gian (bc x
th cp).
Yu cu ca thit b anten fide l phi thc hin vic truyn v bin i nng lng vi
hiu sut cao nht v khng gy ra mo dng tn hiu.
Anten c ng dng trong cc h thng thng tin v tuyn, v tuyn truyn thanh, truyn
hnh, v tuyn o hng, v tuyn thin vn, v tuyn thin vn, v tuyn iu khin t xa...
Trang 19
Anten c s dng vi cc mc ch khc nhau cng c nhng yu cu khc nhau. Vi

cc i pht thanh v v tuyn truyn hnh th anten cn bc x ng u trong mt phng
ngang(mt t), cho cc my thu t cc hng bt k u c th thu c tn hiu i
pht. Song anten li cn bc x nh hng trong mt phng thng ng,vi hng,cc i song
song mt t c th nhn c tn hiu ln nht v gim nh nng lng bc x theo cc
hng khng cn thit.Trong thng tin mt t hoc v tr,thng tin truyn tip, rada, v tuyn
iu khin v.v... th yu cu anten bc x vi hng tnh cao,ngha l sng bc x ch tp trung
vo mt gc hp trong khng gian.
Nh vy nhim v ca anten khng phi ch n gin l bin i nng lng in t cao
tn thnh sng in t t do,m phi bc x sng y theo nhng hng nht nh,vi cc yu cu
k thut cho trc.
Ngy nay, s pht trin ca k thut trong cc lnh vc thng tin, rada iu khin...cng i
hi anten khng ch n thun lm nhim v bc x hay thu sng in t m cn tham gia vo
qu trnh gia cng tn hiu.Trong trng hp tng qut,anten cn c hiu l mt t hp bao
gm nhiu h thng,trong ch yu l h thng bc x, hoc cm th sng bao gm cc phn t
anten (dng thu hoc pht), h thng cung cp tn hiu m bo vic phn phi nng lng
cho cc phn t bc x vi cc yu cu khc nhau (trng hp anten pht), hoc h thng gia
cng tn hiu (trng hp anten thu). S ca h thng v tuyn in cng vi thit b anten
c v hnh 2.1.1.
Hnh 2.1. H thng thu pht v tuyn.
Trang 20
2.2. Cc c tnh ca anten

C nhiu thng s khc nhau c s dng m t c tnh hoc cht lng ca anten.
Ty loi anten m mt s trong cc thng s ny c s dng m t, nh gi c tnh ca
anten. V d nhin, cc thng s ny cn c s dng trong vic tnh ton mt tuyn lin lc v
tuyn hoc mt mch in c anten.
2.2.1. th bc x (Radiation Pattern)
c dng biu din c tnh bc x ca anten. L mt biu thc ton hc hoc mt
th trong h trc ta trong khng gian. Thng thng th bc x biu din trng vng xa
ca cc i lng nh:Mt bc x, Cng bc x,Cng trng, H s nh hng....
Anten c nhiu dng v nhiu cu trc khc nhau c loi rt n gin nhng c loi rt
phc tp. Ta c hai loi anten l anten v hng v anten c hng:
a. Anten v hng: l anten c bc x cng sut mt cch ng nht trong mt gc khi 4
.
b. Anten c hng: l anten m n tp trung cng sut theo mt hng nht nh v vy n
ph thuc vo h s hng tnh D(
, ) v li G( , ). D( , ) m t kiu bc x, G(
, ) cho ta bit s tn hao (nhit hay cng sut bc x vo cc bp ph).
Hnh 2.2.1. Bc x ng hng v bc x nh hng.
Trang 21
Hnh 2.2.2. Bc x v hng v bc x ng hng.

2.2.2. Cc bp sng (Lobes)
a. HPBW: rng na cng sut (Half-Power Beamwidth): l gc gia 2 hng c cng
bc x bng gi tr cc i trong mt phng cha hng bc x cc i ca bp sng
(cng bc x 2 hng ny gim 3dB so vi hng cc i).
b. FNBW: rng bc x khng u tin (First Null Beamwidth): l gc gia 2 hng c
cng bc x bng 0 nm 2 bn hng bc x cc i trong mt phng cha hng bc x
cc i ca bp sng.
Hnh 2.2.4. Cc bp sng trong khng gian 3 chiu
Trang 22
Hnh 2.2.5. Cc bp sng c v th vung gc

2.2.3. Bng thng (Bandwidth)
L khong tn s m trong mt (hoc vi) c tnh ca anten tha mn mt tiu chun
xc nh. Cc c tnh nh l: tr khng ng vo, th bc x, phn cc, mc bc x ph,
hng bp chnh, hiu sut.
2.2.4. Phn cc (Polarization)
Phn cc ca anten theo 1 hng cho trc c xc nh l phn cc ca sng do anten
bc x ra. Phn cc ca sng bc x l c tnh trong min thi gian ca sng in t, c xc
nh theo hnh v ca u mt vector E theo thi gian. C cc loi phn cc : thng, trn v elip.
Trang 23
Hnh 2.2.6. S bin thin trng E theo thi gian

2.2.5. Tr khng ng vo (Input impedance)
Z A = R A + jX A
vi
(2.1)
RA = RR + RD : in tr ng vo
RR : in tr bc x
RD : in tr tn hao
Hnh 2.2.7. Tr khng ng vo anten

Trang 24
2.2.6. Hiu sut bc x ca anten(Antenna Radiation Efficiency):
e=
RR
RR + RD
(2.2)
2.3. Phn t c bn ca anten

Phn t pht x chnh v thu chnh chnh ca anten l chn t i xng v khng i xng:
a. Chn t i xng l mt trong nhng ngun bc x c s dng kh ph bin trong k
thut anten. N gm hai dy di bng nhau (hnh tr, chp, elipsit) gia dy fie nh
hnh.Thng dng nht l chn t i xng c chiu di bng na bc sng v c gi l chn
t na bc sng.
Hnh 2.3. Chn t i xng v khng i xng

b. Chn t khng i xng c mt u dy ni vo mt u ca my pht (hay my thu)
cn u cn li ca my pht (hay my thu ) th c ni t.
2.4. Ngun bc x nguyn t ca anten
Khi kho st cc c tnh ca anten phc tp, ta phi kho st cc ngun bc x nguyn t
lm c s. Ngun bc xa nguyn t gm c: lng cc in v lng cc t.
2.4.1. Lng cc in
Lng cc in l mt on dy dn mnh v chiu di l rt nh so vi bc sng
(l << ). Trn lng cc in dng in xoay chiu ti mi ni u cng bin v pha.
Trang 25
Hnh 2.4.1. Dipole in

khong cch xa r >>l cng in trng xc nh bng biu thc :
r
30 KIl sin e - jkr
E ( ) = j
i
r
(2.3)
r
E = 0
Vi : K =
2
(rad/m).
(2.4)
Ta thy cng trng ph thuc vo to kho st, dng in trn lng cc v bc

sng.
Cng sut bc x trong khng gian t do :
2 2
l
Pe = 40 I
(2.5)
in tr bc x trong khng gian t do :
l
R = 80

H s nh hng :
3
D ( , ) = sin 2
2
Trang 26
(2.6)
(2.7)
Hnh 2.4.2. th bc x ca dipole in.

2.4.2. Lng cc t
Tng t dipole in, dipole t l mt phn t dn t thng, rt mnh, c di rt nh so
vi bc sng, trn c dng t vi bin v pha ng u tt c mi im.
Hnh 2.4.3. Dipole t

Trng bc x ca dipole t tng t dipole in.
r
I l sin e- jkr
E ( ) = - j
i
2
r
(2.8)
r
E ( ) = 0
Trang 27
Hnh 2.4.4. Trng ca dipole in a) v t b)

Bc x ca dipole t trong khng gian t do:
Pm =
Pe
1
l
= 2 I2 ( )2
2
(120 ) 3
(2.9)
in dn bc x ca dipole t:
G=
1 l 2
( )
180
(2.10)
Trang 28
CHNG 3: M HNH ANTEN VI DI

(MICROSTRIP ANTENNA)
3.1. Gii thiu
Trong nhng nm gn y, anten vi di c tp trung nghin cu kh nhiu, c v l
thuyt v k thut. ng thi cng nhn c nhiu kt qu ng k v mt cng ngh v ng
dng trong thc tin nht l lnh vc thng tin di ng, thng tin v tuyn mng cc b WLAN
di siu cao tn. N t ra l loi anten c nhiu hiu qu v tin li.
Cc khi nim v bc x vi di u tin c khi xng bi Deschamps vo nm 1953.
Nhng mi n 20 nm sau mt anten ng dng k thut vi di mi c ch to. Anten vi di
thc nghim ln u tin c pht trin bi Howell v Munson vn tip tc c nghin cu v
pht trin. im mnh ca anten vi di so vi cc loi anten thng thng khc l cu trc n
nh, trng lng b, kch thc nh, d ch to v nht l ph hp vi cng ngh vi di hin
ang s dng rng ri ch to mch in v cc IC chuyn dng. Khng nhng th, anten vi di
rt ph hp vi cu trc mng anten (antenna array), cho php tng li, nh hng v hn
na c th kt hp vi cc gii thut x l s tn hiu to thnh cc anten thng minh trong h
thng CDMA. Vi nhiu c tnh thun li nh trn nn MSA c thit k a dng ng dng
trong nhiu lnh vc truyn thng v tuyn khc nhau.
V cu to, mi phn t anten vi di gm c cc phn chnh l phin kim loi, lp in
mi, mn chn kim loi v b phn tip in nh hnh 3.1. Phin kim loi c gn ln trn lp
in mi to nn mt kt cu tng t nh mt mng ca mch in, v th anten vi di cn c
tn gi l anten mch in.
Trang 29
Hnh 3.1. Phn t anten vi di

Cc thng s cu trc c bn ca mt phn t anten vi di l chiu di L, chiu rng W,
dy t v hng s in mi r ca lp in mi. Phn t anten vi di c th c tip in bng
ng truyn vi di (c ch to theo cng ngh mch in gn lin vi phin kim loi (hnh 3.3.
a), hoc dng cp ng trc, c u thm ni vi phin kim loi cn v cp ni vi mn chn
(hnh 3.3. c). Ty thuc vo hnh dng phin kim loi v cc thng s hnh hc, ta c cc loi
anten khc nhau. Hng s in mi ng vai tr quan trng nht vi hot ng ca anten. N nh
hng n tr khng c tnh, tn s cng hng, di tn v hiu sut ca anten.
3.2. Cc c tnh ca Anten vi di
Anten vi di (Microstrip Antenna MSA) c ng dng trong cao tn t tn s 100MHz
n 100GHz. MSA c nhiu c im thun li so vi cc anten truyn thng khc v c dng
trong nhiu ng dng. Tuy nhin, MSA cng c mt s khuyt im cn c ci thin.
u im:
MSA c khi lng v kch thc nh, b dy mng, d sn xut.
C th phn cc tuyn tnh hoc phn cc trn.
Cng ngh ch to ph hp vi cc mch cao tn.
ng truyn cung cp v ghp ni mng anten c th c thc hin ng thi vi
vic ch to anten.
Trang 30
D dng tch hp vi cc thit b di ng c nhn.

Khuyt im:
MSA c bng thng hp, thng thng ch khong 1-5% (y l hn ch ln nht ca
MSA trong ng dng i hi tri ph rng, v mt s MSA c li thp).
Suy hao in tr ln trn cu trc cung cp ca mng anten.
C bc x tha t ng truyn v cc mi ni.
Hiu sut nng lng c th s dng c thp.
Mt s ng dng ca MSA:
Cc anten dng trong thng tin v tuyn cn nh gn nn MSA thng c dng.
Cc radar o phn x thng dng cc dy MSA pht x.
H thng thng tin hng khng v v tinh dng cc cc dy MSA nh v.
Cc loi v kh thng minh dng cc MSA nh kch thc nh gn ca chng.
GSM hay GPS cng c th dng MSA.
3.3. Cc phng php phn tch anten vi di

Mt trong nhng phng php phn tch anten vi di l phng php moment, khi cc
anten vi di c hnh dng ty . y l phng php rt hu hiu tnh ton cc anten vi di,
khng ch c ngha v mt l thuyt m cn c ngha thc tin trong mchc nghin cu v
thit k cc anten vi di a dng trong thc t pht trin ca cng ngh truyn thng. Trong phn
ny, s gii thiu v phng php phn tch anten vi di da trn s quan st v suy lun vt l
c th tm hiu nguyn l ca anten vi di mt cch r rng hn theo cc kha cnh k thut.
Hai phng php thng c s dng phn tch anten vi di l phng php ng
truyn v phng php hc cng hng m rng. Phng php ng truyn dn c s dng
cho cc trng hp phin kim loi c hnh dng n gin (v d hnh ch nht, hnh trn), cn
phng php hc cng hng m rng c p dng cho cc trng hp phin kim loi c hnh
dng phc tp. Trong mc ny s ch cp n phng php ng truyn dn.
Trang 31
Theo phng php ng truyn dn, mi phn t anten vi di ch nht c th c m t

tng ng vi 2 khe bc x, mi khe c chiu di W (bng rng ca tm vi di), v t
song song cch nhau mt khong L (bng chiu di ca tm vi di) nh v hnh 3.3. b. Mi khe
bc x c coi nh mt dipole t.
Khi chn L = d / 2, vi d l bc sng trong lp in mi th hai khe ny c kch
thch ngc pha nhau, nhng v mt bc x ca 2 khe li hng theo 2 pha ngc nhau nn kt
qu l ng sc in trng trong 2 khe li tr nn cng chiu trong khng gian nh m t
hnh 3.3. b. Phn t bc x ny c gi l phn t vi di na sng.
Hnh 3.3. M hnh anten vi di

3.4. Anten vi di hnh ch nht (RMSAs)
Trong phn ny s cp n anten vi di hnh ch nht, vi 2 loi na sng v phn t
sng.
3.4.1. Anten vi di na sng
Loi anten vi di c s dng ph bin nht l loi gm mt phin kim loi hnh ch nht
gn trn bn mch in, c tip in bi cp ng trc. Chiu di L xp x bng na bc sng.
L 0.49d = 0.49 0
r
trong :
0 : bc sng trong khng gian t do

d : bc sng truyn trong lp in mi
Trang 32
(3.1)
Nh trn phn tch, trng bc x ca anten c th c xc nh da trn ngun bc x

l in trng dc theo khe nh c to ra bi cnh ca phn t vi di v mt phng trc tip
pha di. Do t <<
d /4, mi khe n s bc x ng hng vo na khng gian pha trn mt
phng .
Hnh 3.4.1. Bc x anten vi di

Hnh 3.4.1a v anten vi di, cc khe bc x ca n v h ta kho st. Hnh b l cu trc
in t trng gn phin kim loi, trong ng lin l trng E, ng t nt l trng H.
Trn hnh v c th thy cc khe 1 v 2 l cc khe bc x, M 1 v M2 tng ng l cc dng
t tng ng. Trng bc x c th c tnh ton nh cc dng tng ng trong khe, ta
nhn c cc thnh phn trng bc x ca mt khe n l, biu th trong h ta cu nh
sau:
Er ; E = 0
E = j
k0tWE0e- jk0 r
sin X sin Z
sin
2 r
X
Z
(3.2)
trong : E0 l cng in trng trong khe.
k0t
sin cos
2
kW
Z = 0 cos
2
X=
(3.3)
Gi s lp in mi l rt mng (t << l), khi (3.2) c th n gin thnh:
Trang 33
E = j
- jk0 r
tE0e
r
k W
sin 0 cos
sin
cos
(3.4)
Hm phng hng t hp i vi mt h gm 2 khe c xc nh bi:
FK = 2cos(k0 Le sin sin )
(3.5)
Trong Le l khong cch hiu dng gia cc khe khi c tnh n trng vng bin. Ap
dng l thuyt nhn th phng hng, ta c trng bc x ca anten vi di bng:
E = j
- jk0 r
2tE0e
r
k W
sin 0 cos
sin
cos(k0 Le sin sin ) (3.6)
cos
Trong mt phng E (mt phng vung gc vi trc ca khe, hay mt phng Oxy, = / 2
), cng thc (3.6) tr thnh:
k0WtE0e- jk0 r
E ( ) = j
cos( k0 Le sin )
r
Cn trong mt phng H (mt phng Oyz,
E ( ) = j
- jk0 r
2tE0e
r
(3.7)
= / 2 ), cng thc (3.6) tr thnh:
k W
sin 0 cos
2
cos( k L sin ) (3.8)
sin
0 e
k0W
cos
Cc cng thc ny ng vi cc gc nm trong gii hn 0 0 1800 (ngha l ng cho na

khng gian pha trn ca mn chn).
Cc hnh 3.4.2. a v b biu din th phng hng ca anten vi di trong cc mt phng
E v H ti tn s f=10 Ghz vi W = 11.86mm,
r =2.2 v L=9.06mm. C hai th ny u
c so snh vi kt qu thc nghim.
Trang 34
Cng thc ny s khng c chnh xc ti khu vc gn in mi. S bc x t y ca

in mi thng nh hn gi tr l thuyt khong 6dB ti 0 0 v 1800. Mt s bc x cng xut
hin bn cu di 1800 - 3600. Bc x ti bn cu di s nhanh chng b mt i khi mt phng
in mi rng hn bc sng.
Hnh 3.4.2. th bc x trong v d

3.4.2. Anten phn t sng
Khi chn L = / 4 ta c anten phn t sng.
Cu trc ca loi anten ny nh sau: mt trong hai khe c ni tt vi mn chn kim loi,
cn im tip in c ni vo khe bn kia. Trong trng hp ny phn t anten vi di tng
ng vi mt khe n. Nu mn chn l mn dn rng v hn th trng bc x trong mt
phng E s c dng ng u na khng gian pha trn. Cng bc x gim khong 6dB ti
= 900 . Tuy nhin nu mn chn c kch thc hu hn th trng bc x trong mt phng E

s khng cn ng u na. Chng hn khi mn chn c kch thc 60 , ta c gin bc x
nh hnh 3.4.3. Nhng ch mp m trn gin phng hng c th gim i khi ln ca
mn chn rng.
Trang 35
Hnh 3.4.3. Anten vi di bc sng

Trng bc x trong mt phng H ca phn t bc sng c xc nh theo cng thc:
EH = K tan sin
cos
0
(3.9)
vi l gc hp bi trc khe v hng quan st nm pha trn mn chn.

3.5. Tr khng vo anten vi di
S tng ng ca anten vi di na sng c v hnh 3.5.1. Tr khng vo ca
anten vi di ni trn c th c tnh t mch tng ng.
Hnh 3.5.1. Mch tng ng anten na sng

in tr bc x ca mi khe s l hm ph thuc vi rng W ca phin vi di, c xc
nh theo cng thc:
RR = 120
0
W
(3.10)
Trang 36
Do phn t vi di c biu th nh tp hp ca 2 khe song song nhau, nn in tr vo s

bng:
RR = 60
0
W
(3.11)
S tn ti ca in khng vo khi anten c di ng bng d / 2 l nguyn nhn m ta

cn gim di trn thc t (tc l L = 0.49d ) c c cng hng u vo.
Mch phi hp tr khng u vo c th c thc hin bng cch s dng 1 trong 2 k
thut. i vi cc phn t lm mch c lp, tip in bng cp ng trc 50 , c th la im
tip in thch hp bng cch iu chnh khong cch l t cnh ca phn t n im tip in
nh hnh 3.5.2, t c im c tr khng vo ng bng 50 .
Hnh 3.5.2. Quan h tr khng vo v chiu di l

Lu rng tr khng s bng 0 ti tm phn t. i khi ngi ta li dng iu ny t
cc inh tn hoc lp m qua cc l ti tm anten v no nh hng khng ng k n gin
bc x v ch lm thay i nh n tn s cng hng. Trong cc h anten vi di gm nhiu phn
t (dn anten vi di), cp in bng ng dy di ti cnh ca cc phin kim loi th thng
Trang 37
dng b chuyn i phn t bc sng bin i tr khng vo ti cc gi tr m ta mong

mun.
Anten phn t bc sng c tr khng vo ln gp i so vi anten na bc sng. Tr
khng vo ca anten c th tnh c t mch tng ng trn hnh 3.5.3. Ta nhn c:
Z v = R =
1200
W
(3.12)
Hnh 3.5.3. Tr khng vo anten phn t sng

Vi cc phn t anten phn t sng, nu chn rng W bng na bc sng, tr khng
vo s l 240 . Gi tr ny kh cao, v t s sng ng in p xy ra khi tr khang ca cp l
50 c ni trc tip vo cnh phn t. Do phi t im tip in cch xa cnh 1 khong
l, khong ny c th tm c nh th v trn hnh 3.5.4. ng thi cng c th dng b
chuyn i phn t sng bin i tr khng vo ti cc gi tr m ta mong mun.
Trang 38
Hnh 3.5.4. Quan h tr khng vo v chiu di l ca anten phn t sng

3.6. Bng thng ca anten vi di
rng bng thng ca anten vi di c nh ngha l khong tn s m trn anten
phi hp tt vi ng dy tip in trong mt gii hn xc nh. Ni cch khc, l khong
tn s m anten p ng c cc yu cu t ra. rng bng thng ca mt anten thng c
xc nh thng qua h s sng ng cho php trn mt khong tn s no . Hu ht cc anten
trong thng mi s dng t s 2:1 hoc 1.5:1.
rng bng tn ca anten vi di t l vi dy ca lp in mi. Khi dy ca lp
in mi rt nh so vi bc sng ( t << 0 / 4) , di tn thng rt hp. V d, rng bng
vi t l sng ng nh hn 2:1 c th c tnh ton theo cng thc kinh nghim sau:
f = 4f 2 (
Trong
32t
)
l
(3.13)
f l rng bng (Mhz)

f l tn s hot ng (Ghz)
t l dy in mi (inch)
Trang 39
tng rng bng thng c th s dng lp in mi dy, vi hng s in mi r thp.

Tuy nhin, trong thc t tng dy lp in mi l c gii hn v khi t 0.10 th nh hng
ca sng b mt s lm gim hiu sut anten.
3.7. Phn cc ca anten vi di
Anten vi di c th c ch to nhn c trng bc x phn cc thng hoc phn
cc quay. Phn cc thng s nhn c khi im tip in c t vo gia mt cnh ca phin
kim loi. Hnh 3.7 minh ha 2 trng hp phn cc thng c hng trc giao nhau. Phn cc
quay c th nhn c khi p dng cc bin php tip in thch hp.
Hnh 3.7. Phn cc anten vi di

Theo l thuyt, ta c th to ra trng phn cc quay bng cch t hp 2 sng phn cc
thng vung gc nhau, vi gc lch pha 900 gia chng. ng thi, ta co th to ra 2 sng phn
cc thng trc giao t mt phn t anten vi di hnh vung c kch thc L = W =
d / 2 , vi
vic tip in ring r vo hai im nm trung im hai cnh k nhau ca phin kim loi hnh
vung y. Nu dng in tip vo 2 im ni trn c gc lch pha nhau 90 0 th ta s nhn c
trng phn cc quay. Hnh 3.7 b. m t vic tip in dng mch hybrid chia cng sut v to ra
gc lch pha 900 gia 2 nhnh. V in p ca hai nhnh c bin bng nhau nn phn cc quay
nhn c l phn cc trn. Khi cp in vo cc u khc nhau ca hybrid s nhn c trng
quay c hng quay khc nhau (quay phi hoc quay tri).
Trang 40
CHNG 4: THIT LP ANTEN BNG RNG ANTEN

LOGA CHU K
4.1. Di thng tn v di tn cng tc ca anten
4.1.1. Di thng tn
Di thng tn l mt c tnh quan trng ca anten. l mt di tn s m trong gii
hn y anten c th m bo qu trnh bc x hoc thu ph ca tn hiu khng b mo dng.
Thng thng tr khng vo ca mi anten l mt hm s ca tn s. Do , nu anten
lm vic vi tn hiu c ph rng (tn hiu xung, s, tn hiu v tuyn truyn hnh...) th ng vi
mi tn s khc nhau ca ph, bin tng i ca dng in t vo anten (anten pht) hoc
sc in ng thu c (anten thu) s bin i, lm thay i dng ph ca tn hiu. Khi dng fide
tip in cho anten, s bin i tr khng vo ca anten theo tn s s dn n tnh trng lch
phi hp tr khng v xut hin sng phn x trong fide. Khi mt tn hiu c ph rng truyn qua
fide th ng vi mi tn s khc nhau s c s tr pha khc nhau v gy ra mo dng tn hiu. V
vy, tt nht l phi m bo c trong sut di tn s lm vic RA = const v XA = 0.
Ngoi ra v c tnh phng hng ca anten cng ph thuc tn s, nn khi anten lm
vic vi tn hiu c ph rng th bin tng i ca cng trng bc x (hoc thu c)
i vi cc tn s khc nhau ca ph cng bin i v gy mo dng tn hiu. Thng th nh
hng ca yu t ny khng ln lm v trong thc t, rng di tn ca anten ch yu c
quyt nh bi c tnh ph thuc ca tr khng vo anten vi tn s.
4.1.2. Di tn cng tc
C nhiu trng hp chng ta i hi anten khng ch lm vic mt tn s m n c th
lm vic mt s tn s khc nhau. ng vi mi tn s khc nhau y anten phi m bo c
nhng ch tiu k thut nht nh v c tnh phng hng, tr khng vo, di thng tn . . . Di
tn s m trong gii hn anten lm vic vi cc ch tiu k thut cho gi l di tn cng tc
ca anten. Ch tiu k thut ny c th khc nhau i vi tng loi anten c th.
Trang 41
Trong phn ny gii thiu cc phng php m rng di tn s ca anten vi ngha

gim nh s ph thuc ca tr khng vo v c tnh bc x ca anten vi s thay i ca tn s.
Cn c theo di tn s cng tc, c th phn loi anten thnh 4 nhm:
Anten di tn hp (anten iu chun):
f
< 10 % ;
f0
Anten di tn tng i rng: 10% <
f max
< 50% ;
f min
Anten di tn rng:
1.5 f max 4
<
< ;
1
f min 1
Anten di tn siu rng:
f max 4
> ;
f min 1
T s ca tn s cc i v cc tiu ca di tn cng tc
f max
gi l h s bao trm di
f min
sng.
4.2. Phng php m rng di tn s ca anten chn t
i vi mi loi anten chn t th yu t quyt nh di tn s cng tc ca anten l s
ph thuc ca tr khng vo anten vi tn s, cn th phng hng ca anten thng c
hng bc x t thay i trong mt di tn kh rng.
gim s ph thuc vo tn s ca tr khng vo chn t, c th p dng cc bin php
sau:
- Gim nh tr khng sng ca chn t,
- Bin i t t thit din ca chn t,
- Hiu chnh tr khng vo ca chn t,
- Dng nguyn l kt cu t b,
- p dng nguyn l tng t.
Trang 42
Ta s kho st phng php m rng di tn anten theo nguyn l tng t, t xy dng

l thuyt anten in hnh p dng nguyn l ny l anten loga chu k.
4.3. Phng php thit lp anten di rng theo nguyn l tng t
Nguyn l tng t ca in ng hc c th c pht biu nh sau: Nu bin i ng
thi bc sng cng tc v tt c cc kch thc ca anten theo mt t l ging nhau th cc c
tnh ca anten nh th phng hng, tr khng vo ... s khng bin i. H s t l ny
c gi l t l xch ca php bin i tng t.
Da vo nguyn l trn c th thit lp cc anten khng ph thuc tn s bng cch cu
to anten t nhiu khu vc c kch thc hnh hc khc nhau. Kch thc hnh hc ca cc khu
vc y t l vi nhau theo mt h s nht nh. Khi anten lm vic vi mt bc sng no th
s ch c mt khu vc ca anten tham gia vo qu trnh bc x. Khu vc ny gi l min bc x
ca anten. Khi bc sng cng tc thay i th min bc x ca anten s dch chuyn n khu
vc m t l kch thc hnh hc ca cc phn t bc x vi bc sng ging nh lc trc.
4.4. Anten lga - chu k ( log periodic antenna)
Anten c to bi tp hp cc chn t c kch thc v khong cch khc nhau v c
tip in t mt ng fie song hnh chung nh hnh 4.4, cc chn t nhn dng t fie theo
cch tip in cho:
Hnh 4.4. Kt cu ca anten loga - chu k
Trang 43
Kch thc ca cc chn t v khong cch gia chng bin i dn theo mt t l, t l ny

c gi l chu k ca kt cu:
l1 l2
l
= = .... = n 1
l2 l3
ln
(4.1)
c tnh kt cu ca anten lga - chu k c xc nh bi hai thng s chnh l v gc

.
Nu my pht lm vic tn s f0 no , tn s ny li l tn s cng hng ca mt
trong cc chn t th tr khng ca chn t s l in tr thun. Cc chn t khc vn cn
thnh phn in khng, gi tr ca in khng cng ln khi di ca chn t ny khc cng xa
vi chn t cng hng, tc l chn t ny cng xa chn t cng hng. Khi chn t cng
hng c kch thch mnh nht.
Cc chn t khng cng hng c dng in chy qua nh nn trng bc x ca anten
c quyt nh ch yu bi bc x ca ca chn t cng hng v mt s chn t ln cn .
Nhng chn t ny to nn min bc x ca anten. Dng in trong cc chn t ca min bc x
c c do tip nhn trc tip t fie v hnh thnh do cm ng trng ca chn t cng hng.
Cc chn t pha trc chn t cng hng c chiu di nh hn, s c tr khng vo dung
tnh, dng cm ng trong chn t ny chm pha so vi dng trong cc chn t c di ln hn
n. V ngc li, cc chn t pha sau chn t cng hng c chiu di ln hn, s c tr
khng vo cm tnh, dng cm ng trong chn t ny sm pha so vi dng trong cc chn t c
di ngn hn n. Cc chn t nhn dng t fie theo cch tip in cho nn 2 chn t k
nhau c dng in lch pha nhau 1800 cng vi gc lch pha do truyn sng trn on fie mc
gia 2 chn t . T tt c cc yu t trn, ta nhn c dng tng hp trong cc chn t ca
min bc x c gc lch pha gim dn theo chiu gim kch thc anten.
Vi quan h pha nh trn, nn chn t ng trc chn t cng hng s tha mn iu
kin chn t dn x, cn chn t t dng sau s tha mn iu kin ca chn t phn x. Bc x
ca anten ch yu do chn t cng hng quyt nh v s c nh hng theo trc anten, v
pha cc chn t nh hn.
Trang 44
Nu tn s my pht gim i, cn l
f0 ( < 1) th vai tr ca chn t cng hng s
c dch chuyn sang chn t c di ln hn k , v ngc li, nu tn s tng ln bng
f0
th chn t cng hng s chuyn sang chn t ngn hn k .
V d chn t l1 cng hng tn s f1 , ta c l1 = 1/2. Nu tn s my pht gim xung f
= f1 th chn t cng hng mi c di
l =
l1
= = l2
2
Ta thy rng cc tn s
(4.2)
f n = n 1 f1
(4.3)
th cc chn t cng hng c di tng ng l
ln =
Trong :
l1
n 1
(4.4)
l s th t cc chn t
fn
l tn s cng hng ca chn t th n
ln
l di ca chn t th n
Ngha l ng vi mi tn s f n , trn anten s xut hin mt min bc x m chn t pht

x chnh c di l ln tng ng.
Nh vy min bc x ca anten s dch chuyn khi tn s cng tc thay i, nhng hng
bc x cc i vn gi nguyn.
Ly log hai v ca biu thc (4.3) ta c
ln fn = (n -1)ln + lnf1
(4.5)
Ta thy khi biu th tn s trn thang o logarit th tn s cng hng ca anten s c lp

li qua cc khong ging nhau l ln, chnh v th m ngi ta gi anten l anten Lga - chu k.
Trang 45
Khi anten hot ng tn s cng hng th cc thng s in nh th phng hng,

tr khng vo, s khng c s thay i. Nhng ng vi cc tn s trung tm gia cc tn s
cng hng cc thng s ca anten s b thay i nh. Ta cng c th cu to anten sao cho trong
khong gia 2 tn s k nhau cc thng s bin i trong mt gii hn chp nhn c.
th phng hng ca anten c xc nh bi s lng chn t ca min bc x tc
dng, thng thng l khong 3-5 , v bi tng quan bin v pha ca dng in trong cc
chn t y. Cc i lng ny li ph thuc vo cc thng s hnh hc v ca kt cu anten.
Vi xc nh, tng th s chn t thuc min bc x tc dng cng tng, do th phng
hng hp li. Nhng nu tng qu ln th c tnh phng hng li xu i v lc kch
thc min bc x tc dng gim do cc chn t qu gn nhau. Gi nguyn , gim n mt
gii hn nht nh no s lm hp th v khi khong cch gia cc chn t li tng v do
tng kch thc min bc x tc dng.
Cc gi tr gii hn ca v thng l max= 0.95; min = 100.
rng di tn anten ca anten c xc nh bi kch thc cc i v cc tiu ca cc
chn t :
max 2lmax
min 2lmin
(4.6)
Thc t, gii hn di tn s ca anten c chn sao cho chn t cng hng bc sng
cc i cha phi l chn t di nht m cn 1 hoc 2 chn t di hn ng sau n; chn t cng
hng bc sng cc tiu cng cha phi l chn t ngn nht m trc n cn c mt vi
chn t ngn hn.
4.5. c im kt cu anten loga chu k v phng php tnh ton
m bo th phng hng ca anten trong mt phng thng ng khng bin i
khi thay i tn s cng tc, anten c t nghing mt gc so vi mt t, sao cho cao
tng i ca mi chn t so vi mt t l i lng khng i:
H
H1 H 2
=
= ... = n
1 2
n
(4.7)
Trang 46
Khi cao tng ng ca min bc x tc dng di chuyn dc theo anten khi bin i
tn s cng tc khng thay i v do hng bc x cc i trong mt phng thng ng s
khng bin i.
tnh ton anten loga chu k c th p dng phng php gii h phng trnh
Kirchhoff i vi h chn t song song. Trong anten loga chu k th cc chn t u c tip
in bi ng fide chung (gia hai chn t l mt on fide song hnh mc cho), v di ca
cc chn t tng ng vi mt mng 4 cc, cn mi chn t tng ng vi mt tr khng
c gi tr bng tng tr vo ca chn t (khi c k n nh hng tng h vi cc phn t khc),
ta c s tng ng ca anten nh hnh 4.5.1.
Hnh 4.5.1. S nguyn l anten loga chu k

Theo hnh v th quan h in p ca ca cc tng c th c vit nh sau:
Trang 47
i vi tng I:
VV1 = V0
1
(V0 : in p ngun cp in)
2
V
=
V
=
V
1
R V
(4.8)
VV2 = VR1 = V1
2
3
VR = VV = V2
(4.9)
VVN = VRN 1 = VN 1
N
VR = VN
(4.10)
i vi tng II:
i vi tng N:
Vi IVN , I RN ,VVN ,VRN l cc dng in v in p ca vo v ca ra ca tng th N, cn
VN l in p ra ca tng th N.
Phng trnh mch in i vi mng 2 ca th n c vit nh sau:
n n
n n
IVn = y11
VV + y12
VR
(4.11)
n n
n n
I Rn = y21
VV + y22
VR
Trong
IVn
n
y11 = n
l dn np vo ca on dy truyn sng khi u kia ni
VV V n =0
R
tt.
n
y12
I Rn
VVn V n =0
l dn np truyn t ca on dy truyn sng khi u
kia ni tt.
T l thuyt ng dy, ta xc nh c cc dn np vo v dn np truyn t:
Trang 48
1
cth( d )
0
n
n
y11
= y22
=
n
y12
Vi:
n
y21
=
(4.12)
1
cos ech( d )
0
0 l tr khng ca ng dy,
d l di ca on dy truyn sng,
l hng s truyn lan phc.

p dng (4.11) ta c phng trnh mch in i vi cc tng:
Tng I:
Tng II:
I I
I I
I
I
IVI = y11
VV + y12
VR = y11
V0 + y12
V1
I RI
I I
y21
VV
I I
y22
VR
I
y21
V0
I
y22
V1
II II
II II
II
II
IVII = y11
VV + y12
VR = y11
V1 + y12
V2
II II
II II
II
II
I RII = y21
VV + y22
VR = y21
V1 + y22
V2
(4.13)
(4.14)
...............
Tng N:
N N
N N
N
N
IVN = y11
VV + y12
VR = y11
VN 1 + y12
VN
I RN
N N
y21
VV
N N
y22
VR
N
N
y21
VN 1 + y22
VN
(4.15)
Phng trnh mch ti cc nt:
I1 = ( IVII + I RI )
I 2 = ( IVIII + I RII )
(4.16)
......
I N = I RN
T vic xc nh dng in trong cc chn t theo cc cng thc (4.11) v (4.12), ta c

tha anten loga-chu k v m hnh n gin gm cc chn t c di thay i t song song
cch nhau nhng khong cch nht nh dc theo trc z cc v tr c ta (hnh 4.5.2). Mi
Trang 49
chn t c tip in bi mt ngun ring bit c sc in ng Vn. Cc kch thc ln v ta

zn c xc nh khi cho trc cc thng s ca kt cu nh chu k v gc m .
Hnh 4.5.2. M hnh n gin ca anten loga chu k

H phng trnh Kirchhoff i vi h thng N chn t ghp khi c tnh n nh hng
tng h ca cc phn t c vit di dng:
Z11I1 + Z12 I 2 + ... + Z1N I N = V1

Z 21I1 + Z 22 I 2 + ... + Z 2 N I N = V2
.........
Z N 1I1 + Z N 2 I 2 + ... + Z NN I N = VN
(4.17)
T cc phng trnh trn ta c cc bc tnh ton i vi anten loga chu k:

Bc 1: Thay (4.15), (4.16) vo (4.17) s nhn c h mi gm N phng trnh. Gii h
phng trnh ny c N nghim V1, V2,...VN . Thay cc nghim ny vo (4.15), (4.16) s xc
nh c dng in trong cc chn t I1, I2,...IN.
Bc 2: theo gi tr cc dng tnh c, ta tm c hm phng hng ca anten trong
hai mt phng chnh theo cng thc:
Mt phng H (mt phng yOz):
Trang 50
f ( H ) = (1) n I n
1
kln
z e jkz n cos H
kl
sin n
2
1 cos
(4.18)
Mt phng E (mt phng xOz):
kl
kl
cos n sin E cos n

2 jkz n cos E (4.19)
2
f ( E ) = (1) n I n
e
kln
E
1
sin
cos
2
N
Cc gc
E , H l gc hp bi hng kho st v trc Oz trong mi mt phng E v H.
Do cch mc cho nhau nn dng in trong 2 chn t k nhau c du ngc nhau, v th c s

hng (-1)n trong cng thc.
Bc 3: Tnh tng tr vo ca cc chn t:
Zn =
Vn
In
(4.20)
Tng tr vo ca anten:
ZA =
V1
V1
= I
I
I1 y11V0 + y12
V1
(4.21)
H s nh hng ca anten c th xc nh gn ng theo cng thc:
(4.22)
E H
1/2
1/2
E v H l rng ca gc, na cng sut trong mt phng E v mt phng

trong 1/2
1/2
H.
Trang 51
PHN II : THIT K M PHNG V THI CNG

CHNG 5 : THIT K, M PHNG MS-LPDA
ANTENNA CHO H THNG UWB
5.1. Cc thng s anten loga chu k
Anten c chn thit k l anten MS-LPDA ( Microstrip - Log Periodic Dipole Array
antenna). Anten gm mt dy nhng dipole na sng c sp xp song song theo k thut loga
chu k gii thiu trn. Cc dipole nhn dng t fide cp ngun theo cch tip in cho.
Hnh 5.1. m t hnh dng ca anten MS LPDA c bn.
Hnh 5.1. Anten MS LPDA

Cc thng s c bn ca anten
Chu k kt cu :
Trong :
ln
ln +1
d
Rn
Wn
f
= n,n 1 =
= n
Rn +1 d n +1,n Wn +1 f n +1
ln : chiu di phn t th n.
Rn : khong cch t phn t ngn nht n phn t n
dn,n-1 : khong cch gia 2 phn t
Wn : b rng phn t th n
Trang 52
(5.1)
fn : tn s cng hng ca phn t na sng th n.
1
= log( f n +1) log( f n ) = log( )
Chu k tn s:
H s khng gian:
d n,n 1
'
Gc m :
1
= tan 1
Bng thng min hot ng :

Chiu di h thng : L =
max
4
+1 r 1
h
= r
+
1 + 12
2
2
W
S anten phn t : N = 1 +
(5.4)
(5.5)
ar = 1,1 + 7,7(1- )2 cot
(5.6)
1
BW
(5.7)
max = 2lmax =
eff
(5.3)
2ln 1
H s khng gian trung bnh : =
(5.2)
1
2
cot ;
eff f min
: hng s in mi hiu dng.
ln ( BW )
ln 1
( )
(5.8)
(5.9)
(5.10)
5.2. Trnh t thit k anten MS-LPDA

1.
Xc nh bng thng lm vic theo phng trnh = f n / f1. y l 2 tn s cao
nht v thp nht trong di tn lm vic.

2.
Chn gi tr v quyt nh li theo hnh 5.2.1
Trang 53
Hnh 5.2.1. Quan h v li
Vi :
Trong
0.8 0.98
0.5 opt
(5.11)
opt = 0.258 - 0.066
(5.12)
3.
Xc nh gc theo phng trnh (5.5).
4.
Xc nh h s bng thng min hot ng ar theo hnh 5.2.2 hoc cng thc
(5.6) .
Hnh 5.2.2. Bng thng ar theo cc khc nhau
Trang 54
5.
Xc nh bng thng ca ton h thng BW = . ar
6.
Xc nh chiu di h thng L, s phn t anten N v phn t di nht l 1 theo cc
cng thc (5.7), (5.8), (5.9), (5.10)

7.
8.
Tnh ton chiu di v b rng cc phn t cn li theo h s (5.1).

Xc nh khong cch gia phn t d2,1 = 0.5(l1 l2) cot. Sau tnh ton cho
cc phn t cn li theo .
5.3. Kch thc anten c thit k
Mt anten MS LPDA c thit k theo cc bc trn ng vi tm tn s 2 8Ghz vi
hng s in mi = 2.3, dy lp in mi t = 0.98 mm.
Tn s hot ng (Ghz)
2-8
Hng s in mi hiu dng eff
1.96
dy in mi (mm)
0.98
Chu k kt cu
0.9
H s khng gian
0.15
Gc m (0)
10
S phn t
16
Chiu di h thng L (mm)
172
Chiu di t im cp ngun n phn t ngn nht
Chiu rng ng cp ngun (mm)
Chiu di phn t di nht (mm)
53.5
Chiu rng phn t di nht (mm)
Bng 5.3.1 Cc thng s anten c thit k
Trang 55
Ln
Wn
Dn,n-1
53.5
48.15
5.4
16.05
43.34
4.86
14.45
39
4.38
13
35.1
3.94
11.7
31.59
3.54
10.53
28.43
3.19
9.48
25.59
2.87
8.53
23.03
2.58
7.68
10
20.73
2.32
6.91
11
18.65
2.09
6.22
12
16.79
1.88
5.6
13
15.1
1.69
5.04
14
13.6
1.53
4.53
15
12.24
1.37
4.08
16
11.02
1.24
3.67
Bng 5.3.2. Kch thc cc phn t ca anten (n v mm)

5.4. Cc kt qu m phng
Trang 56
Hnh 5.4.1. Hnh dng anten m phng vi h trc ta

H s phn x
Trang 57
Hnh 5.4.2. H s S11 v SWR
Hnh 5.4.3. th Smith

Trong di tn lm vic th h s phn x S11 b hn -10dB tng ng SWR b hn 2. Khc
khe hn bng thng lm vic trong iu kin SWR< 1.5 vn tha mn.
Trang 58
c tnh bc x
Ti tn s 2.4Ghz
Hnh 5.4.4. Bc x ca trng in trong mt phng Oxy v Oyz

Cc thng s m phng c
Trang 59
Ti tn s 5 Ghz
Hnh 5.4.5. Bc x ca trng in trong ti tn s 5Ghz

Cc thng s ti 5Ghz:
Trang 60
Hnh 5.4.6. th bc x 3D ti 5Ghz

Ti tn s 7 Ghz
Hnh 5.4.7. Bc x ca trng in trong ti tn s 7Ghz
Trang 61
Cc thng s ti 7Ghz:
li anten :
Hnh 5.4.8. li anten
Trang 62
li ton bng thng t trn 7dBi, trong khi cc i t gn 9.5 dBi v li trung
bnh t trn 8.5dBi. Anten c li kh tt khong bng thng thit k.
Hiu sut bc x
Hnh 5.4.9. Hiu sut bc x v hiu sut anten

Nhn xt
Anten thit k tha mn bng thng yu cu t 2.2 n 8Ghz (S11 < -10dB).
li anten kh cao, cc i t gn 9.5 dBi.
Hiu sut anten v hiu sut bc x trung bnh khong 70%.
Hng bc x cc i ph hp kt qu l thuyt, bc x v hng phn t ngn nht
v t thay i trong ton bng (( 700,900) n (800,900) trong na mt phng z >0).
rng na cng sut dao ng t 350 n 550.
T s trc sau FBR (front back ratio) trong mt phng x-y khong trn 20dB cn
trong mt phng y-z trn 30dB.
Trang 63
CHNG 6 : THI CNG V KT QU O C

6.1. Cc s liu ban u
nh gi cht lng ca anten, ngi ta thng dng h s sng ng VSWR (Voltage
Standing Wave Ratio). y cng chnh l i lng c trng cho kh nng phi hp tr khng
ca anten. Anten phi hp tr khng tt th h s sng ng cng nh. Ty theo yu cu ca ng
dng m ngi ta a ra tiu chun v VSWR khc nhau. Thng thng ngi ta quy nh
VSWR < 2 hay S11 < -10dB. i vi nhng ng dng khc khe, ngi ta yu cu VSWR < 1.5.
Cc thng s trn c o c trn my o cao tn Network Analyzer ZVB8 c tm o
n 8Ghz. Do iu kin my o v khng tm c board cao tn vi
c thi cng trn PCB FR-4 vi
r =2.3 nn anten
r =4.6. Cc kch thc c tnh ton li, khong bng
thng thit k t 2-8Ghz.

Tn s hot ng (Ghz)
2-8
Hng s in mi hiu dng eff
3.65
dy in mi (mm)
0.98
Chu k kt cu
0.9
H s khng gian
0.15
Gc m (0)
10
S phn t
16
Chiu di h thng L (mm)
110
Chiu di t im cp ngun n phn t ngn nht
5.5
Chiu rng ng cp ngun (mm)
2.5
Chiu di phn t di nht (mm)
36.3
Chiu rng phn t lmax (mm)
3.8
Bng 5.1.1. Cc thng s anten c thit k thi cng
Trang 64
Ln
Wn
Dn,n-1
33.8
3.8
30.42
3.42
10.14
27.38
3.08
9.13
24.64
2.77
8.21
22.18
2.49
7.39
19.96
2.24
6.65
17.96
2.02
5.99
16.17
1.82
5.39
14.55
1.64
4.85
10
13.09
1.47
4.36
11
11.78
1.32
3.93
12
10.61
1.19
3.54
13
9.55
1.07
3.18
14
8.59
0.97
2.86
15
7.73
0.87
2.58
16
6.96
0.78
2.32
Bng 5.1.2. Kch thc cc phn t ca anten (mm)

Nhn xt : Theo l thuyt khi hng s in mi thay i th cc kch thc ca anten
s nhn i lng
eff1
eff 2
, khi cc c tnh tr khng vo, c tnh bc x khng thay
i ng k. Nh vy khi anten gim kch thc i khong 1.36 ln th khng thay i

nhiu tr khng vo. Thc t anten mi c gim kch thc 1.6 ln, v th tn s cng
hng nh nht s tng (dch chuyn v pha phi) v li gim v hng s in mi
tng.
Tr khng vo anten m phng:
Trang 65
Hnh 5.1.1 H s S11 anten thit k
Hnh 5.1.2. li anten thit k

Tn s ct tri ti -10dB tng ln (2.79Ghz), hon ton ph hp kt qu l thuyt v
li gim, trung bnh khong gn 6dBi.
Trang 66
6.2. Cc kt qu o c
Hnh 5.2.1 Anten c thit k

Cc kt qu o c:
Hnh 5.2.2. H s phn x ng vo (do Port 2 nn o S22)
Trang 67
Hnh 5.2.3. H s sng ng SWR
Trang 68
Hnh 5.2.4. th Smith

Nhn xt : Bng thng anten o c tha tiu chun siu bng rng, bng thng t
7.61 2.81 = 4.8Ghz trong iu kin SWR < 2. Khc khe hn vi h s sng ng nh hn
1.5 th bng thng t tiu chun trong khong 4.9Ghz 7Ghz. Kt qu o c c th
chp nhn c ph hp l thuyt. Kt qu thc nghim kh c th t nh l thuyt do
qu trnh thi cng khng m bo cht lng ca bo mch cng nh sai s kch thc v
ngay c qu trnh hn connector cp ngun vo anten.
Trang 69
CHNG 7 : KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN

7.1. Kt qu t c
Tm hiu v l thuyt hot ng cng nh nhng ng dng cng ngh mi UWB.
Xy dng l thuyt anten, trong tm hiu su m hnh anten vi di v anten loga

chu k, lm nn tng cho vic thit k anten ng dng thc t.
Thit k, m phng anten MS- LPDA da trn phn mm IE3D.
Thi cng v o c anten thc t da trn iu kin v thit b sn c.
a ra anten thc tha mn cc yu cu bng rng v phi hp tr khng kh tt

p ng tiu chun UWB.
c kt c mt s kinh nghim khi thi cng v o c anten thc t.
7.2. Hng pht trin ti

Hin nay, h thng UWB c nhng ng dng a dng trong qun s v dn s. Do nhu
cu thng tin lin lc ca con ngi tng ln, tc d liu t cng s yu cu phi tng theo.
V th vic nghin cu v pht trin cc anten trong cng ngh ny cng pht trin theo. Hng
pht trin tng lai ca ti s tp trung vo:
a ra cc m hnh anten nh gn hn c th tch hp vo cc thit b c nhn.
M rng bng thng cng nh tng li khng ch p ng cho UWB m cn

cho cc ng dng siu cao tn.
p dng cc gii thut ti u nh gii thut di truyn ( genetic algorithm) vo vic

thit k ci thin cht lng anten nh bng rng hn hay li cao hn.
Trang 70
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]
Richard C. Johnson,(1993), Antenna Engineering Handbook , McGraw Hill 3ed.
[2]
Leonard E. Miller, Why UWB? A Review of Ultrawideband Technology, Report to

NETEX Project Office, DARPA, April 2003.
[3]
L Tin Thng, Trn Vn S, (2005), Truyn sng v Anten, Nh xut bn i

hc quc gia TPHCM.
[4]
Dimitris E. Anagnostou, John Papapolymerou, Manos M. Tentzeris and Christos

G. Christodoulou, A printed Log-Periodic Koch-Dipole Array (LPKDA), IEEE
Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol.7,2008.
[5]
M. Pirai and H. R. Hassani, Size reduction of microstrip LPDA antenna with top
loading, IEICE Electronics Express, Vol.6, No.21, 1528-1534, 2009.
[6]
Phan Anh (2007), L thuyt v k thut anten, Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut.
[7]
Daegeun Kim, Qiang Chen, Kunio Sawaya, Microstrip
Log-periodic Dipole
Array Antenna, Proceedings of Isap2000, Fukuoka, Japan.

[8]
V nh Thnh, (2003), L thuyt c s k thut siu cao tn, Nh xut bn i hc

quc gia TPHCM.
[9]
V nh Thnh, (2006), Mch siu cao tn, Nh xut bn i hc quc gia TPHCM.
[10] IE3D is a trademark of Zeland Software Inc., 2008.
Trang 71

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I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

MICROSTRIP - LOG PERIODIC

TP. H CH MINH, Thng 1/2011

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

PHIU CHM BO V LVTN

NGUYN HOI ANH

2. ti: Microstrip log periodic antenna cho h thng UWB

S ti liu tham kho

7. Nhng thiu st chnh ca LVTN:

10. nh gi chung (bng ch: gii, kh, TB): im ...........................

TRNG I HC BCH KHOA

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

PHIU CHM BO V LVTN

NGUYN HOI ANH

S ti liu tham kho

7. Nhng thiu st chnh ca LVTN:

10. nh gi chung (bng ch: gii, kh, TB): im ...........................

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

NHIM V LUN VN TT NGHIP

3. Ngy giao nhim v lun vn:

PHN DNH CHO KHOA, B MN:

Ngy bo v: -----------------------------------im tng kt: ----------------------------------

Ni lu tr lun vn: ---------------------------

NGI HNG DN CHNH

SVTH : NGUYN HOI ANH

GVHD : Th.S NGUYN DNG TH NHN

Em xin dnh li cm n u tin n thy hng dn trc tip, thy Nguyn

TP. H Ch Minh, Thng 1/2011

SVTH : NGUYN HOI ANH

GVHD : Th.S NGUYN DNG TH NHN

Trong nhng nm gn y h thng thng tin v tuyn ton cu c nhng

SVTH : NGUYN HOI ANH

GVHD : Th.S NGUYN DNG TH NHN

ULTRA - WIDE BAND (UWB) 5

1.1. Gii thiu...........................................................................................................5

CHNG 2: L THUYT ANTEN......................................................................19

CHNG 3: M HNH ANTEN VI DI (MICROSTRIP ANTENNA)..............29

SVTH : NGUYN HOI ANH

GVHD : Th.S NGUYN DNG TH NHN

3.5. Tr khng vo anten vi di..............................................................................36

CHNG 4: THIT LP ANTEN BNG RNG ANTEN LOGA CHU K. 41

CHNG 5 : THIT K, M PHNG MS-LPDA ANTENNA CHO H THNG

CHNG 6 : THI CNG V KT QU O C..............................................64

CHNG 7 : KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN........................................70

TI LIU THAM KHO........................................................................................................... 71

SVTH : NGUYN HOI ANH

GVHD : Th.S NGUYN DNG TH NHN

Code Division Multiple Access

European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications

Digital Signal Processing

Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power

Federal Communication Commission

First Null BeamWidth

Global Positioning System

Global System for Mobile Communications

The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

International Telecommunications Union

Microstrip Log Periodic Dipole Array

Pulse Amplitude Modulation

Personal Communications Service

Pulse Position Modulation

Rectangular Microstrip Antenna