Ngy son: 26/08/2008 I. Mc tiu 1.

Kin thc: Sau khi hc xong bi ny hc sinh phi: - Nu c khi nim phin m, dch m, pliribxm. - Trnh by c c ch phin m. - M t qu trnh dch m (tng hp prtin). 2. K nng: Rn luyn v pht trin k nng quan st, so snh, phn tch, tng hp. 3. T tng: C thi tch cc i vi khoa hc sinh hc, coi l mt h thng cht ch. II. Chun b phng tin 1. Gio vin: Hnh v 2.1 v 2.2 SGK. 2. Hc sinh: Bng nhm, bt lng. III. Trng tm - Phng php 1. Trng tm: C ch, din bin ca qa trnh phin m, dch m. 2. Phng php: Trc quan, vn p tm ti. IV. Tin trnh ln lp 1. n nh lp: 1 pht 2. Kim tra bi c: 2 pht 1. Gen l g? Trnh by cu trc chung ca gen m ho prtin ? 2. Trnh by qu trnh t nhn i ca ADN sinh vt nhn s? 3. Ni dung bi mi: 37 pht Hot ng ca thy v tr Ni dung GV: Qu trnh phin m hay sao m l I. C ch phin m qu trnh truyn thng tin t u 1. Khi nim: n u? S truyn thng tin di truyn t HS: Lin h kin thc lp 9 tr li. phn t ADN mch kp sang phn t ARN mch n l qu GV: Qu trnh xy ra u v trnh phin m (cn gi l s tng vo thi im no? Kt qu to ra sn hp ARN). phm g? Qu trnh phin m din ra trong HS: Qu trnh phin m din ra trong nhn t bo, k trung gian nhn t bo, k trung gian gia 2 gia 2 ln phn bo, lc NST ln phn bo, lc NST ang gin ang gin xon. xon, kt qu l to ra ARN. GV: lp 9 ta hc c 3 loi ARN l ARN thng tin, ARN vn chuyn v ARN ribxm. Vy qu trnh tng hp 2. Din bin ca c ch phin cc ARN din ra nh th no? Ta cng m xem xt trng hp tng hp ARN Gm 3 giai on: khi u, ko thng tin. di v kt thc. HS: Nghin cu SGK. - Giai on khi u: Qu trnh GV: Hng dn HS quan hnh 2.1 SGK bt u khi ARN polimeraza ri cho HS tr li cc trong lnh. bm vo promoter (vng khi u Enzim no tham gia vo qu trnh ca gen) => gen tho xon v phin m? tch hai mch n lm l mch HS: Enzim ARN polimeraza. Chiu ca khun 3-5. Tit 2. Bi 2. Phin m v dch m

mch lm khun tng hp mARN l 3-5. GV: (Gi ) im khi u ng trc gen pha u 3 ca mch khun, on ARN polimeraza hot ng tng ng vi 1 gen. HS: Chiu tng hp m ARN ca enzim ARN polimeraza l 5-3. GV: Qu trnh tng hp mARN din ra theo nguyn tc no? HS: Nguyn tc b sung: A-U, G-X. GV: Hin tng g xy ra khi kt thc qu trnh phin m? HS: Nghin cu SGK tr li. GV: Lu sinh vt nhn s l gen khng phn mnh nn khng c giai on ct ni sau cng nh sinh vt nhn thc.

GV: Th no l qu trnh dch m? HS: L qu trnh chuyn m di truyn cha trong mARN thnh trnh t cc aa trong chui polipeptit ca prtin. GV: Trong qu trnh dch m c nhng thnh phn no tham gia? HS: mARN trng thnh, tARN, mt s dng enzim, ATP, cc aa t do. GV: Hy nghin cu SGK v tm tt din bin qu trnh dch m ? HS: Nghin cu SGK, hnh minh ho v tm tt ri c lp b sung: * Hot ho aa: Trong t bo cht nh cc enzim c hiu v nng lng ATP, cc aa c hot ho v gn vi tARN to nn phc hp aa-tARN. * Dch m v hnh thnh chui polipeptit: Qu trnh dch m tin hnh 3 giai on. GV: Hon thin kin thc v gii thch

- Giai on ko di: ARN polimeraza di chuyn dc theo mch c ngha gip cc ribnu t do trong mi trng ni bo lin kt vi cc nucltit trong mch khun theo nguyn tc b sung (A-U, GX) to nn phn t mARN theo chiu 5-3. - Giai on kt thc: Qu trnh phin m c tin hnh n im kt thc ca gen trn ADN th phn t mARN c gii phng v ADN ng xon tr li * Phin m sinh vt nhn s v nhn thc c bn ging nhau. phn ln gen sinh vt nhn chun, sau khi ton b gen oc phin m th mARN s khai c sa i ct b intron v ni cc exon li vi nhau hnh thnh mARN chc nng. Sau mARN chc nng c chuyn t nhn ra cht t bo lm khun tng hp prtin . II. C ch dch m 1. Khi nim: L qu trnh chuyn m di truyn cha trong m ARN thnh trnh t cc aa trong chui polipeptit ca prtin . 2. Din bin a. Hot ho axt amin: Trong t bo cht nh cc en c hiu v nng lng ATP, cc aa c hot ho v gn vi tARN to nn phc hp aa- tARN. b. Dch m v hnh thnh chui polipeptit: - Giai on m u: tARN mang aa m u tin vo v tr codon m u sao cho anticodon trn t ARN ca n khp b sung vi codon m u trn m ARN. - Giai on ko di chui plipeptit:

thm cho hc sinh: - Cc b ba trn mARN cng c gi l cc codon. - B ba trn tARN l cc anticodon. - Lin kt gia cc aa l lin kt peptit c hnh thnh do enzim xc tc. - Riboxom dch chuyn trn mARN theo chiu 5-3 theo tng nc, mi nc ng vi 1 codon. - Cc codon kt thc l UAG, UGA, UAA.

GV: Trn mi phn t mARN thng c mt s ribxm cng hot ng c gi l poliriboxom. Nh vy, mi mt phn t mARN c th tng hp c t 1 n nhiu chui polipeptit cng loi ri t hu. GV: T vn trn ta c th suy lun iu g v hot ng ca qu trnh sinh hc? HS: S hot ng nhanh, hiu qu v tit kim ca qu trnh sinh hc. GV: T nhng kin thc hc hy rt ra mi lin h gia ADN m ARN tnh trng? HS: Nghin cu tr li

+ tARN mang aa th nht n codon th nht sao cho anticodon ca n khp b sung vi codon th nht trn mARN. Enzim xc tc to lin kt pptit gia aa1 v aa m u + Ribxm dch chuyn i 1 b ba ng thi tARN mang aa m u ri khi riboxom. + tARN mang aa th hai n codon th hai sao cho anticodon ca n khp b sung vi codon th hai trn mARN. Enzim xc tc to lin kt pptit gia aa2 v aa1. + S dch chuyn ca riboxom li tip tc theo tng b ba trn mARN. - Giai on kt thc chui plipeptit + Qu trnh nh vy tip din cho n khi riboxom gp codon kt thc trn mARN th qu trnh dch m dng li. + Riboxom tch khi mARN v chui polipeptit c gii phng v aa m u cng ri khi chui. Chui polipeptit sau s hnh thnh prtin hon chnh. 3. Poliriboxom - Trn mi phn t m ARN thng c mt s riboxom cng hot ng c gi l poliriboxom. Nh vy, mi mt phn t mARN c th tng hp c t 1 n nhiu chui polipeptit cng loi ri t hu. - Riboxom c tui th lu hn v a nng hn. 4. Mi lin h ADN - mARN tnh trng C ch ca hin tng di truyn cp phn t: ADN mARN Prtin tnh trng.

4. Cng c: 4 pht Bi tp A. Vi cc codon sau trn mARN, hy xc nh cc b ba i m ca cc tARN vn chuyn aa tng ng: Cc codon trn mARN : AUG UAX XXG XGA UUU

Cc b ba i m trn tARN : ........................................... B. Vi cc nucltit sau trn mch khun ca gen, hy xc nh cc codon trn mARN, cc b ba i m trn tARN v cc aa tng ng trong prtin c tng hp: Cc b ba trn ADN : TAX GTA XGG AAT AAG Cc codon trn m ARN : ............................................ Cc anticodon trn t ARN : ............................................ Cc aa: ............................................. p n A. Vi cc codon sau trn m ARN , hy xc nh cc b ba i m ca cc t ARN vn chuyn aa tng ng: Cc codon trn m ARN : AUG UAX XXG XGA UUU Cc b ba i m trn t ARN : UAX AUG GGX GXU AAA B. Vi cc nucltit sau trn mch khun ca gen, hy xc nh cc codon trn mARN, cc b ba i m trn tARN v cc aa tng ng trong prtin c tng hp: Cc b ba trn ADN : TAX GTA XGG AAT AAG Cc codon trn m ARN : AUG XAU GXX UUA UUX Cc anticodon trn t ARN : UAX GUA XGG AAU AAG Cc aa: Met- His- Ala- Leu- Phe 5. Dn d: 1 pht - Hc bi theo v v SGK, tr li cc cu hi cui bi. - Chun b bi sau: iu ho hot ng ca gen.