Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MC LC
LI M U..................................................................................................................................6
CHNG 1 :KHO NHA NG..............................................................................................7
1.1.GII THIU CHUNG...............................................................................................................7
1.2.GII THIU V BITUM..........................................................................................................7
1.3.PHNG PHP SN XUT BITUM....................................................................................7
1.3.1.Chng ct du th...................................................................................................................7
1.3.2.Tch bng dung mi................................................................................................................8
1.3.3.Oxy ho nhit cao ..........................................................................................................8
1.4.THNH PHN HO HC CA BITUM...............................................................................8
1.5.CC TNH CHT CA BITUM V CC PHNG PHP KIM NH..........................9
1.5.1.Kim nh ln kim ( xuyn kim) ...................................................................................9
1.5.2.Kim nh im mm..............................................................................................................9
1.5.3.Khi lng ring.....................................................................................................................9
1.5.4.Kim nh ha tan..............................................................................................................9
1.5.5.Kim nh tnh nht................................................................................................................9
1.5.6.Kim nh l cun lp mng................................................................................................10
1.5.7. do...................................................................................................................................10
1.6.H THNG CNG NGH.....................................................................................................10
1.6.1.H thng cng ngh nhp, tn cha v phn phi nha ng............................................10
1.6.2.H thng gia nhit.................................................................................................................10
1.6.3.Cc h thng k thut ph tr...............................................................................................11
1.6.4.Phng thc xut nhp tn cha..........................................................................................11
1.6.5.Kt cu ng ng................................................................................................................12
1.6.6.Khong cch gia cc gi di ng...................................................................................13
1.7.B CHA, H THNG GIA NHIT....................................................................................14
1.7.1.B cha BS4, BS5, BS6........................................................................................................14
1.7.2.H thng gia nhit.................................................................................................................14
1.8.QUY TRINH XUT NHP B..............................................................................................16
1.8.1.Nhp nha ng..................................................................................................................16
1.8.2.Bo qun nha ng...........................................................................................................16
1.8.3.Xut nha ng...................................................................................................................16
LI M U
Thc tp cng nhn l mt hot ng c ngha to ln i vi sinh vin cc ngnh k
thut ni ring cng nh cc ngnh ngh khc ni chung. y l dp sinh vin c th
tip cn thc t, tip cn cc thit b k thut, cng ngh ca cc qu trnh, cc phng
thc vn hnh, cc iu kin cng nghT , sinh vin c nhng tm nhn mi m
hn, su sc hn v cc phng tin k thut, nm bt vn mt cch chnh xc hn
Cc thng tin mang li t cc t thc tp thc s b ch cho sinh vin sau khi ra
trng. Do vy cn phi xc nh r tm quan trng ca thc tp cng nhn i vi mi
sinh vin.
Sau thi gian 4 tun thc tp ti kho Gas, kho Nha ng, phng ho nghim v
kho xng c s ch bo tn tnh ca gio vin hng dn cng cc anh ch ti cc kho,
chng em c b sung nhng kin thc ht sc hu ch v quan trng cho hnh trang
ca mnh trc khi bc vo i.
Mc d c gng nhng chng em cng khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st
trong qu trnh thc tp.
Em xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c v cc anh ch tai cc kho to iu kin
cho em hon thnh t thc tp ny.
Nng, thng 3 nm 2010
Ch tiu th nghip
1
2
3
4
Phng
php kim
tra ASTM
D5
D113
D92
D36
D70
D204L
Loi nha
60/70
80/100
60 70
100
250
48 56
1,01 1,0
6
99
80 100
100
225
45 52
1,01 1,05
99
7
8
89
*
4
4
180
15
68
21
ng ng nhp:
ng ng nhp nha ng t cu tu vo b cha lp t ng thp
219 * 7 . Tuyn ng c gia nhit v bc bo n bng bng khong dy
50mm.
Tuyn ng c t ni trn h thng gi c nh v gi trt t do.
Trn dc tuyn b tr cc thit b co dn nhit kiu sng.
on ng t cm thit b nhp (trn cng) vo b b tr dc trn cu dn
cch mp cu 0.5m.
Cm thit b nhp lp t 2 loi lin kt cho hai loi ng mm D y100 v
Dy 150, trong 1 cho nhp nha v 1 cho kh nn y sch nha v cc b.
ng mm s dng loi c li thp, chu nhit T = 160 - 250 v p lc valve P
= 10 kg/cm2.
SVTH: Nguyn Th Dim Linh
Trang 13
H thng gia nhit cho ng ng v b cha c chn l h thng gia nhit bng
u ti nhit.
M t h thng: H thng gia nhit bng du ti nhit bao gm cc thnh phn ch
yu cng ngh sau:
L nhit: L b phn c bn ca h thng nhit. Nhit c to ra trong qa trnh
t nhin liu, du ti nhit c bm qua l nhit. Ti y du ti nhit c nng nhit
ln ng theo yu cu v c i qua gia nhit cho h thng. Sau tr li l gia nhit
theo ch tun hon.
Theo thit k: L gia nhit c s dng c cng sut Q =1000000
kcal/h. Cc c tnh k thut ca l nh sau:
Nhin liu t s dng du FO.
Mc tiu hao nhin liu 112.8 kg/h.
Ngun in s dng 380/220 V
Cng sut tiu th ca ng c my bm 20 HP.
Lu lng bm du ti nhit 80 m3/h
L gia nhit c lp t trong nh c bao che vi din tch 81 m2. Ngoi l nhit
cn c cc thnh phn cng ngh ph tr khc gm:
Cm b cha nhin liu t l (FO) vi hai b cha bng thp hnh
tr nm ngang vi dung tch 10 m3/b. Nhp nhin liu vo b bng t
xitec.
ng khi bng thp ng 377 * 8 cao 15 m.
H thng ng ng dn du ti nhit:
Du ti nhit trong h thng c s dng l loi Transcal.
Nhit lm vic ti a ca du l 280 0C.
H thng dn du ti nhit bao gm:
ng ng chnh: 94 * 4 c ni t l gia nhit ra khu b
cha v trm bm, ng c t trn gi bng thp v bc bo n bng
lp bng thy tinh v ngoi bng tn km.
Vic gia nhit ng nhp c thc hin trc khi bm nhp m bo cho
nha ng trong qu rnh bm chuyn vo b cha vi nhit 160 0C 1800C.
H thng gia nhit cho b cha BS4, BS5, BS6 dng ng thp
57 * 4 , tng chiu di l 470 m/b, ng gia nhit c b tr hai tng:
o Tng th nht cch y b 100 mm
o Tng th hai cch tng th nht 500 mm.
Ton b h thng ng c lin kt trn cc gi bng thp v lin
kt vi kt cu b cha
H thng gia nhit cc b:
Th tch: 223,76 m3
Nhc im: tiu hao vt liu cho mt n v cha ln, din tch thit k cao
hn, sc cha b khng ln ch thch hp cho cc kho va v nh.
Cu to v trang thit b trn b
Cu to b: c m t nh hnh v:
(10)
(9)
(8)
(11)
P
(12)
(7)
L
(13)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
B gm c cc b phn sau:
(9): ng ng x hi.
Yu cu:
o Ch x nc sau khi thi gian cht bn lng xung y b.
Kim tra tnh an ton ti khu vc x nc.
2.3.3. ng dn LPG
ng mm
Cng dng: dng cp ni t ng thp dn LPG trong kho n gin Manifoll
trn tu trong qu trnh xut nhp tu, hoc ni h thng cng ngh kho vi xe bn LPG
khi cp pht cho xe bn.
Cu to:
ng mm c th c ch to theo 2 dng: mt dng c kt cu
Composite gm nhiu lp polime hoc cao su Noprene; mt dng c kt cu
bng cao su c cc np sng bng thp khng r bn ngoi v bn trong c gia
cng bng thp khng r.
Vt liu ch to ng mm (k c khp ni) chu c p lc ph hy ti
thiu 87kg/cm2. Trn thn ng c ghi r LPGas.ng mm c dn in
khng c qu 0.75 /m.
ng thp: S dng loi ng thp chuyn dng chu p lc.
Cc trang thit b trn ng ng
Van: Trn cc ng ng gm c cc loi van sau:
Van qu dng:
o Van qu dng dng gim ti thiu lng LPG khi ng
ng b v.
o Hot ng: bnh thng van qu dng trng thi lun m
cho lng LPG i qua vi mt lu lng nht nh. Khi lu lng vt
qu mc cho php th n s y van xung ng cht li vi b
van pha trn lm lng LPG khng thot ra c na.
o Van qu dng t ti u ng xut pha trong b, cho php lu
lng i qua t 10 - 40m3/h. Khi do s c nh v ng lm lu lng
tng vt trn 60m3/h th n y van ln pha trn kht vi b van lm
LPG khng thot ra c.
Van chn:
o Dng ng m ng dn, iu khin hng chy v lu
lng dng cht lng trong ng.
o C 2 loi van chn: van ca v van thng gc.
Van ng nhanh: Dng ct nhanh dng cht lng nhm trnh tn
tht, hao ht lng n mc ti thiu hoc hng nhanh dng cht lng
theo yu cu trong cc qu trnh cng ngh.
Van mt chiu:
Gin ng bnh 48 kg
Gin ng bnh 48 kg gm c 4 my ng rt t c nh vi h thng dn gas lng
v hon ton c lp vi gin Carousel.
H thng ny gm cc chi tit c bn sau:
Mt thang o trng lng v bnh: Ty theo trng lng v m ta iu chnh cn
cho thch hp.
Van khi ng.
Van nh.
Van ngt gas.
Khi van khi ng c vn hnh, gas i vo u ng rt. Khi bnh c np
y, thnh ni trong cn h xung lm cn bng u trn, lm tc ng n van nh v t
ng ngt np gas, vic ng bnh ngng li.
2.3.5. Thit b bm chuyn LPG
2.3.5.1. My bm LPG
Yu cu ca my bm khi dng bm LPG:
V LPG l kh t ha lng, tn ti hai trng thi cn bng lng hi do yu t
quan trng ca my bm l gi LPG lng khng c bin thnh hi, v hi LPG khi lt
vo trong my bm s lm cho lu lng gim i; hi lm ngui v bi trn km hn
cht lng nn my bm nhanh chng b mi mn. Hn hp lng hi s to ra lu lng
khng ng u v khng n nh s gy rung ng mnh lm ph hng bm.
My bm LPG phi l my bm c s di chuyn tch cc to ra p sut trn cht
lng m khng cn phi gia tng vn tc ca dng cht lng.
My bm s dng ti kho gas l loi my bm chuyn dng kiu tuc bin. My bm
tuc bin cng l loi my bm ly tm. Tuy nhin cc c tnh v hiu sut ca loi my
bm ny hot ng ging nh my bm kiu th tch. My bm tuc bin tc dng p sut
trn cht lng ging nh my bm ly tm, n tng vn tc cht lng bin ng nng
thnh th nng. S khc bit gia my bm tuc bin v bm ly tm l: my bm tuc bin
chia s gia tng vn tc/p sut thnh nhiu giai on, cht lng c tng vn tc v p
sut t t qua mi giai on. Nn ta c th cho rng: my bm tuc bin l loi my bm
a cp.
2.3.5.2. My nn LPG
My nn LPG c cng dng :
Chuyn gas t bn ny sang bn khc.
Xut cho xe bn.
Ht hi LPG ra khi bn.
o gas lng trong trng hp nhp tu.
Nguyn tc vn chuyn cht lng nh chnh lch p sut hi.
My nn c ch to vi mc ch dng cho hi. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh nn s
c mt t lng, cht lng ny tuy c mt lng nh nhng c th gy nguy him cho my
nn v khi trc bm y ht hi ra khi xylanh v gp lp lng khng th nn c.
SVTH: Nguyn Th Dim Linh
Trang 27
Ngun cung cp nc cho h thng cha chy l b nc cha chy. Ngoi ra trong
iu kin b nc cha chy khng cung cp nc th ta c th m van trn ng
ng ht nc t sng Hn.
S qu trnh bm nc cha chy nh sau:
Sng Hn
H tiu th
1
Kho xng Khu M l mt trong nhng kho xng ln nht ca min Trung hin nay,
l mt a im tip nhn v phn phi cc loi sn phm ca cng ty xng du khu vc 5
Cng M Kh
Kho Khu M
H thng tn cha (h 6 b v h 4 b)
H thng bm
H thng cha chy
Phng iu khin trung tm
Kho xng du Khu M gm c tng cng l 10 b cha xng v du DO.
Trong :
Khu 6 b: B1, B2, B3, B4, B5,B6
KHU 6 B
Khu 4 b: B7, B8, B9, B10
KHU 4 B
Cc b 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 c lp t h thng t ng ha trong vic o nhit v
chiu cao mc cht lng ca sn phm c trong b.(t v H)
3.2. CNG NGH KHO XNG
Kho xng du Khu M gm 10 b cha, nh s th t B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7,
B8, B9, B10. Ngoi ra c 2 b cha nc. Vic cha loi sn phm no l ph thuc vo
vic xut nhp n hng, c th l xng cng c th l du. Khi ngi ta phi lm sch
b bng cch y nc vo h thng ng dn lin quan vo b cha. Sau khi thu phn cn
nhin liu, nc thi c chuyn qua khu x l nc thi lm sch nc, phn cn
c loi b, phn nc trong c thu hi lm nc cha chy. Sau khi lm sch b
th nhin liu cn cha s c bm trc tip t khu nhn hng.
3.3.1. Cu to cc bn cha
- Thn b:
Hnh tr, 1 lp, c ch to do nhiu ming thp tm (dy khong 2 phn) hn li,
kt cu chiu dy thnh b tng dn t trn xung di do chu lc thy tnh tng dn
theo chiu su ca xng du (pha gn y b c th 12mm v trn nc b c th khong
45mm). vnh ai trn thnh b c 1 vng ng mu xanh bao quanh, l ng cha
chy bng nc khi c s c chy bt ng, ngoi ra n cn c chc nng phun nc lm
mt vnh ai b (do nhit bn trong cng nh bn ngoi ca vnh ai bn trn cao hn
SVTH: Nguyn Th Dim Linh
Trang 35
- Van mt chiu
- Van diu khin nhanh
- Van tay : thng thy trn cc ng ng nhp xut trong b.
Van p sut:
C ch hot ng v chc nng: chng li nguy him do p sut tng cao bng cch
t ng m mt p sut nh trc v do lm gim p sut c b tr trn tng
on ng gia cc van. Khi p sut trong ng ng tng th n m van x hi. Van p
sut thy trong kho 2 dng : trn bn b n ng vai tr l xupp th, trn ng ng
bm n nm trn van mt chiu.
Van mt chiu:
o C kt cu bo m ch cho cht lng trong ng chy theo mt chiu v t ng
ng li khi cht lng chy theo chiu ngc li.
o Van mt chiu cn c tc dng: bo v my mc, trang thit b ng dn khng b
tc dng bt li, c th b h hi khi dng cht lng chy ngc chiu. Trong trng hp
ny van mt chiu thng c b tr trn ng ng y ca my bm.
o Van mt chiu gi cht lng trong ng ht ca my bm li tm khng b tt, gip
bm khi ng d dng. Trong trng hp ny van mt chiu c b tr trn ng ng
ht.
Van tay :
c dng iu khin lu lng trn ng ng nhp xut
Van nhanh :
Dng trong cng ngh cha chy, ti mi khu vc trong kho u c mt h thng
bm nc cha chy bng van tay nhanh. Kt cu ca loi van ny rt n gin, tin cho
ngi s dng chng trong trng hp khn cp.
3.3.3. Cng ngh cha chy
Trong kho xng cha chy bng 2 loi: nc v bt, c quy nh bi cc ng
ng bi mu sc ring, ng xanh l nc, ng l bt. Trm cha chy c 2 b d tr
nc (500m3/1b), ngoi ra cn c 6 b con nm ngang cha bt pha sn, khi c s c
c th s dng ngay. Bn cnh cn mt b kch thc ln hn thng ng cha bt
cha pha. Cc my bm bm nc cha chy cng l bm li tm cng sut 300m3/h. Bt
cha chy s dng y l AFFF 3% ( ngha l 3% bt v 97% l nc) c nhp t
c, c pH (20oC):7-8,5; KLR : 1,03 0,01 g/ml.
Kho c trang b h thng xe cha chy, cc h thng cha chy c nh v khng
c nh (cc ln phun nc A/B-20m i km cc thit b ph tr nh 3 chc :1A2B, ln
bi s phun bt, bnh bt cha chy:35kg v 8 kg. Trong kho cc khu vc c 10m l c
mt thng cha nc cha chy tc thi.
3.3.4. Thit b in
Thit b in s dng trong kho l loi phng n ph hp vi quy phm lp t in
trong kho xng du ng thi m bo cung cp in lin tc, an ton cho kho.
SVTH: Nguyn Th Dim Linh
Trang 38
T trng chun l t s gia khi lng ca mt th tch cho ca cht lng nhit
xc nh v khi lng ca cng mt th tch nc nguyn cht cng nhit nht
nh
T trng d154 l t trng cu cht lng 15oC so vi nc 4 oC.
T trng tiu chun S l t trng ca lng 60F so vi nc 60F.
API l mt hm ring ca t trng lng tng i S c biu th bng biu
thc : API =
141,5
- 131,5
S
Bng cch so snh s dng ngun sng chun, mu lng c t trong ng kim
nghim v so snh vi cc tm knh mu chun c gi tr t 0.5 n 8.0. Mu ca mu
c cng nhn l gi tr mu ca knh chun c mu sng gn nht.
4.2.3. Dng c v thit b
My o mu gm mt b sng chun n nh, cc knh mu chun, ng thy tinh
cha mu cn o v mt cp ng ng dung dch chun so snh.
Cc ng thy tinh ny khng mu, trong sut c hnh tr y phng, ng knh
trong y l 30mm n 33.5mm v chiu cao ngoi ng l 115mm n 125mm, ng
nhm quan st.
4.2.4. Tin hnh
Bt cng tc n ngun sng n nh trong 5 pht. Rt mu vo ng thy tinh
chiu cao 2/3 ng. Cp ng kia ng dung dch chun so snh (thng dng nc ct).
Ln lt t c 3 ng vo cc cc theo th t sau: ng mu gia cc ng dung dch
chun 2 bn. y np loi tr tt c cc ngun sng t bn ngoi.
Chn knh mu ph hp.
Mu dung dch cn o nm gia 2 khon mu chun.
4.3. PHNG PHP XC NH NHT NG HC ASTM D-445-97
4.3.1. Phm vi p dng
hin cc qu trnh bm, vn chuyn ca chng trong cc ng ng, kh nng thc hin
cc qu trnh phun, kh nng bi trn ca cc phn on sn xut du nhn...
4.3.3. Thit b o nht
Gm cc b phn chnh :
-B phn gia nhit, km rle nhit t ng, nhit k canh nhit cho php ci t nhit
theo mun.
-Bn cha glycerin dng lm mi trng n nhit, trong bn c t b phn khuy
lm cho nhit ng nht.
-H thng n chiu sng
nht c xc nh trong cc nht k mao qun c ng knh thay i khc
nhau tu thuc vo loi sn phm du m cn o.
Nht k c t trong thng n nhit gi cho nhit khng i trong sut qu
trnh th nghim.
Nhit k o nhit .
Nht k c hai loi: Nht k xui v nht k ngc. Tu thuc vo sng ti ca
cc loi sn phm cn o m ta s dng loi nht k thun li cho vic o nht
Cch tin hnh:
Ra sch v sy kh nht k c s dng o.
Ly mu cn o cho vo nht k. Lng mu c ly sao cho sau khi bm mu ln
vch trn ca nht k th lng mu cn li trong bu trn ca nht k khong na bu.
Dng bm cao su bm cho mu i ln pha trn vch trn ca nht k.
o thi gian chy ca mu t vch trn xung vch di ca nht k v ghi li thi
gian.
nht ng lc ca cht lng c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
Hay =K.t
t: Thi gian chy ca cht lng gia hai vch.
K: H s nht k. Vi mi loi nht k s dng th h s K c xc nh trc.
Do vy nht c xc nh nh sau: =K.t
o thi gian chy ta bit c gi tr nht.
4.4. XC NH HM LNG NC BNG PHNG PHP CHNG CT
4.4.1. Phm vi ng dng
ng
5
10
10
25
Th tch nc
Gii hn cho php
0
cho thm 20 C(ml) lng nc thu hi
200C
1
1 0,1
1
1 0,1
5
5 0,2
12
12 0,2
ng ngng v th tch nc trong ng ngng khng thay i trong 5 pht. Khi , ngng
gia nhit, ngui h thng ct n nhit phng. c th tch nc ngng t trong
ng ngng.
4.4.7. X l kt qu
Hm nc trong mu th c tnh bng % th tch theo cng thc.
%nc =
Trong
Vn
.100
Vm
Bm Ried
p k kim loi.
B phn lm lnh mu.
B n nhit.
Nhit k.
B phn gia nhit
B phn kim sot qu trnh o
4.7.5. Tin hnh
Mu th phi c bo qun cn thn, phi loi b nhng mu b bay hi.
Mu th nghim, dng c rt mu v bung nhin lu c a vo b phn lm
lnh cho n khi t c nhit thch hp.
Chun b b nc nhit 37,80C.
Dng mu th nghim trng qua bung nhin liu, sau y trn mu vo
bung, lc nh m bo loi ht kh. Ni ngay bung khng kh v bung nhin
liu np y mu (khng qu 1 pht).
o p sut hi bng p k kim loi:
Ni bung khng kh c p k vi bung nhin liu
Ngm bm vo b n nht.
c gi tr p sut khi n khng i.
Gi tr c c l p sut hi Reid.
4.8. PHNG PHP XC NH THNH PHN CT
4.8.1. Phm p dng
p dng cho xng t nhin, xng t, xng my bay, nhin liu phn lc, du ha,
diesel, mazout.
4.8.2. Ni dung
Chng ct 100ml mu iu kin thch hp. Ghi li s ch trn nht k ng vi tng th
tch thu c trong ng ong theo qui nh i vi loi sn phm th nghim. T cc s
liu ny tnh ton cc kt qu th nghim.
4.8.3. Thit b
p dng i vi xng my bay, nhin liu phn lc, xng t, du ha, diesel, du nhn.
4.9.2. Tm tt php th
Mt tm ng c nh bng theo qui nh ri c ngm vo lng mu quy nh,
c gia nhit theo thi gian quy nh i vi sn phm kim tra. Kt thc giai on ny,
tm ng c nhc ra, ra sch v so snh vi bng chun n mn tm ng ASTM.
4.9.3. Dng c thit b
ng mu hnh tr
B iu nhit c b phn gia nhit km rle nhit t ng cho php bin dao
ng l +/- 1oC.
Bom th n mn tm ng.
SVTH: Nguyn Th Dim Linh
Trang 49
Mogas 83,92
Ko,Jet A1
DO cao cp
DO dn dng
FO
Hm lng Pb:
Sn phm
Mogas 83,92
Max 0,15
Max 0,3
Max 0,5
Max 1
Max 3
Gii hn Pb(g/l)
Max 0,15
0,02
0,03
0,03
0,05
0,10
0,03
0,07
0,07
0,10
0,23
trng lp
ti din
0,0070+0,14GTTB 0,018+0,15GTTB
Tnh tr s octan ca mu :
ONs = ONifs + (KIirf- Kis)*(Onhrf Onirf )/(KIirf KIhrf )
Trong :
ONs: Tr s octan ca nhin li mu.
ONrf: Tr s octan ca nhin liu chun Toluen chn di.
ONhfr: Tr s octan ca nhin liu chun Toluen chn trn.
Kis: Cng kch n (ch s kch n ) ca nhin liu mu .
KIirf: Cng kch n (ch s kch n ) ca nhin liu chun Toluen chn di.
Kihrf : Cng kch n (ch s kch n ) ca nhin liu chun Toluen chn trn
4.12. XC NH TP CHT TRONG NHIN LIU T L BNG PHNG
16 ,0526 16 ,0498
100 = 0,028 %
10 ,013
Thit b xc nh bi trn.
4.13.3. Tin hnh
Dng kp t a th vo trong bnh th, mt bng ln trn. nh v a th vo bnh,
sau c nh bnh vo thit b th. Cn m bo cp nhit in c t ng v tr
trong bnh th. m tng i ca phng th nghim phi ln hn 30%.
Dng kp t vin bi vo trong gi , gn cht gi vo u ca cn rung. Gi gi
nm ngang trc khi xit cht c nh.
Dng pipt cho vo b 2ml 0,2 ml nhin liu th.
Dng b phn iu khin nhit t nhit mong mun v gia nhit. t chiu
di va trt l 1mm. t tn s rung l 50Hz.
Khi nhit n nh, h thp cn rung v treo ti trng 200 g vo, bt thit b
rung.
Php th c tin hnh trong 75 pht. Khi php th hon tt tt my rung v tt b
phn gia nhit. Nng cn rung ln v tho gi bi th ra.
t gi vin bi di knh hin vi v o ng knh vt mn ph hp, sau ly bi
ra v bo qun cng ch vi a th.
Bt cng tc knh hin vi, t vin bi th vo knh hin vi c phng i 100 ln.
iu chnh tiu im ca knh hin vi, v iu chnh v tr ca vt mi mn nm
trung tm ca vng quan st.
a vt mi mn vo ch c thang chia chun bng iu khin c hc. o trc ca
vt mi mn chnh xc n 0,01 mm, ghi li s o .
Ghi li trng thi ca vt mi mn nu c s khc bit i vi pho th mu chun,
nh cc mng mu, cc ht khng bnh thng, cc ht mi mn, vt rp thy c, . . v
s c mt ca cc ht cn trong bnh th.
4.13.4. X l kt qu
Tnh ng knh vt mi mn:
WSD = (M+N)/2x100
WSD l ng knh vt mn, tnh bng micromet
M
l trc chnh, tnh bng mm
N
l trc ph, tnh bng mm
SVTH: Nguyn Th Dim Linh
Trang 54
Bo co cc thng tin
di trc chnh v trc ph chnh xc n 0,01mm, ng knh vt mi mn chnh
xc n 10m. M t din tch vt mi mn.
chm v lch
chm: chm c xy dng cho cc nhin liu c ng knh vt mi mn
nm trong khong 143m v 772m 25oC.
ti lp: ti 25 oC = 127m
ti lp: ti 60 oC = 136m
4.14. PHNG PHP XC NH N NH OXY HO BNG PHNG
PHP CHU K CM NG THEO TCVN 6778 : 2000; ASTM D 525 95
Thit b xc nh n nh oxyho.
4.14.3. Tin hnh
bom v mu xng th nhit t 15 n 25 oC. t bnh cha mu bng thy
tinh trong bom v rt 50 1ml mu vo. y np bnh cha mu, y np bom, dng
khp ni x kh nhanh np oxy vo bom cho n khi p sut t t 690 n 705 kPa.
X t t kh ga trong bom ra ui khng kh ban u cn trong . Np li oxy cho
n khi p sut t t 690 n 705 kPa v kim tra s r r, b qua s st p nhanh ban
u iu ny c th quan st c v oxy ha tan vo mu. Nu tc st p khng qu 7
kPa trong 10 pht th coi nh khng r r v tin hnh th m khng np li p sut.
SVTH: Nguyn Th Dim Linh
Trang 55
Sau ln phn tch u tin, din tch pic ca benzen, toluen v cht chun ni (2hexanon) c o v ghi nhn. Din tch pic ca etylbenzen, p/m-xylen, o-xylen, nhng
hp cht thm nng hn, cht chun ni c o v ghi nhn t s phn tch ln th hai.
Pic do s thi ngc tch t ct WCOT trong ln phn tch th 2 ch cha C9 v hp cht
thm nng hn.
4.17.2. Phm vi ng dng
Nhng quy nh gii hn nng ca benzen v hm lng tng ca hp cht thm
ca xng thng phm c thit lp vo nm 1995. phng php th nghim xc nh
hm lng benzen v hm lng cht thm l cn thit quyt nh cht lng sn
phm v p ng nhng quy nh nhin liu mi.
Phng php th nghim ny c dng cho xng c cha oxy (cn v ete dng
ph gia). iu ny cho thy rng cn v ete khng lm nh hng n vic phn tch
benzen v nhng hp cht thm khc trong phng php th nghim ny.
4.17.3. Thit b
My sc k kh v thit b sinh kh H2
Bung tim:
Loi
Nhit ban u (oC)
p sut (KPa)
T l chia dng
Chia dng
200
100
4:1
Ct mao qun:
Nhit cao nht (oC)
Chiu di ct (m)
ng knh trong (m)
Chiu dy lp pha tnh (m)
Loi
Lu lng u (ml/min)
p sut u (KPa)
Tc trung bnh (cm/sec)
280
30
530
5
C nh lu lng
22.9
100
129
Detector FID:
Nhit (oC)
Lu lng kh H2 (ml/min)
Lu lng kh (ml/min)
Loi kh b tr
Lu lng kh b tr (ml/min)
250
35
350
He
20
Ct sc k kh:
Ct ti sinh phn cc (TCEP)
Ct mao qun: khng phn cc
- Dng by cc H.C thm
- Dng phn tch cc H.C theo
- Lm bng thp khng g
th t im si ca n.
- L = 22 inch
- y l ct metyl silicon WCOT
- D = 1/16 inch
- Lm bng thch anh
- D = 0.03 inch
- L = 30 m
- c nhi t 0.14 0.15 g TCEP - Di = 0.021 inch
20% khi lng v chromosorb P - ng c ph metylsilosan
(AW) 80/100 mesh
Lu lng v iu kin
Kh mang
Lu lng n ct ti sinh TCEP (ml/pht)
Lu lng n mao qun WCOT (ml/pht)
Lu lng t l pht kh chia dng
(ml/pht)
T l chia dng
Kch c mu (l)
He
10
10
100
11 :1
1
4.17.4. Chun b mu
Chuyn 1 ml cht chun ni (hexanol) vo bnh nh mc 10ml, ghi li khi lng
(chnh xc n 0.1 mg), lm y bnh vi 9 ml mu lm lnh, y np v ghi li khi
lng, lm u mu. Nim l vi np TFE-fluorocacbon. Nu mu khng c phn tch
ngay, lu 0 5 oC. Sau nhp s liu vo my v tin hnh chy sc k.
4.18. XC NH HM LNG OXY BNG PHNG PHP SC K KH
Nhit (oC)
L
Bung bm mu
Detector TCD
Valve
Tc dng, ml/pht
60
200
200
60
Vo bung bm mu 75
Vo ct
5
Ph tr
3
Makeup gas
18
Kh mang: Heli
Lng mu 1.0 3 l
chia dng 15:1
Thi gian xoay van, min 0.20.3
Thi gian t van, min 810
Thi gian phn tch, min 1820