iu khin t xa hng ngoi dng PT2248 v PT2249 Post biendt | in t iu khin | Nhn xt(13) | c(3046)

Mch thu pht hng ngoi l mch kh l ph bin m ta thng hay thy trong tivi hay cc thit b iu khin t xa vi khong cch ngn. Sng hng ngoi dng trong y th n it b nhiu v tn hiu n nh. thu pht hng ngoi n gin h hay dng con LM555 to mch pht vi tn s (36 38KHZ) v 1 mch thu n gin! NHng m n ch c 1 knh duy nht nay ti mun n thu pht vi nhiu knh vy phi dng 1 i PT2248 v PT2249.

1 ) Chun b linh kin. + 1 i PT2248 v PT2249 gi trn th trng (8K/i) + 1 dao ng thch anh tn s : 455KHZ gi khong (2.5k/con) + 1 LED pht hng ngoi ( Gi 1k/con) + 1 Module thu 3 chn (v st) ( 5K/con)

+ 1 con A1013 v 1 con 2N2222 ( Tng chi ph cho hai con ny l 2.5k) + Vi ci cng tc vi con tr v vi ci n LED hin th (Cao nht l 10K) + in p cung cp l 5V 2) Tng quan qua v h thng thu pht hng ngoi. a) Khi nim tia hng ngoi. nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) l nh sng khng th nhn thy c bng mt thng , c bc sng khong t 0.86m n 0.98m . Tia hng ngoi c vn tc truyn bng vn tc nh sng . - Tia hng ngoi c th truyn i c nhiu knh tn hiu. N c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip.Lng thng tin c th t 3 mega bit /s .Lng thng tin c truyn i vi nh sng hng ngoi ln gp nhiu ln so vi sng in t m ngi ta vn dng . - Tia hng ngoi d b hp th , kh nng xuyn thu km . Trong iu khin t xa bng tia hng ngoi , chm tia hng ngoi pht i hp , c hng , do khi thu phi ng hng b) Nguyn tc thu pht hng ngoi. * ) Nguyn tc pht tn hiu. S khi ca mch pht.

+ Gii thch s . - Khi chn chc nng v khi m ha : Khi ngi s dng bm vo cc phm chc nng pht lnh yu cu ca mnh , m phm chc nng tng ng vi mt s thp phn . Mch m ha s chuyn i thnh m nh phn tng ng di dng m lnh tn hiu s gm cc bt 0 v 1 . S bit trong m lnh nh phn c th l 4 bit hay 8 bit ty theo s lng cc phm chc nng nhiu hay t . - Khi dao ng c iu kin : Khi nhn 1 phm chc nng th dng thi khi ng mch dao ng to xung ng h , tn s xung ng h xc nh thi gian chun ca mi bit . - Khi cht d liu v khi chuyn i song song ra ni tip : M nh phn ti mch m ha s c cht a vo mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni tip . Mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni tip c iu khin bi xung ng h v mch nh thi nhm m bo kt thc ng lc vic

chuyni s bit ca mt m lnh . - Khi iu ch v pht FM : m lnh di dng ni tip s c a qua mch iu ch v pht FM ghp m lnh vo sng mang c tn s 38Khz n 100Khz , nh sng mang cao tn tn hiu c truyn i xa hn , ngha l tng c ly pht . - Khi thit b pht : l mt LED hng ngoi . Khi m lnh c gi tr bit =1 th LED pht hng ngoi trong khong thi gian T ca bit . Khi m lnh c gi tr bit=0 th LED khng sng . Do bn thu khng nhn c tn hiu xem nh bit = 0 . * Nguyn tc thu tn hiu. S khi

- Khi thit b thu : Tia hng ngoi t phn pht c tip nhn bi LED thu hng ngoi hay cc linh kin quang khc .

- Khi khuch i v Tch sng : trc tin khuch i tnh hiu nhn ri a qua mch tch sng nhm trit tiu sng mang v tch ly d liu cn thit l m lnh . - Khi chuyn i ni tip sang song song v Khi gii m : m lnh c a vo mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song v a tip qua khi gii m ra thnh s thp phn tng ng di dng mt xung kch ti ng ra tng ng kch m mch iu khin . - Tn s sng mang cn c dng so pha vi tn s dao ng bn phn thu gip cho mch thu pht hot ng ng b , m bo cho mch tch sng v mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song hot ng chnh xc 3) Mch pht tn hiu hng ngoi. S mch nguyn l.

+ PT2248 l con iu khin pht tn hiu hng ngoi vi u ra c 18 chc

nng. Hiu n gin l n pht c 18 knh vi m ha khc nhau. PT2248 lm vic c vi in p (2.2V - 5V) v c ng dng nhiu trong cc thit b iu khin t xa vi khong cch ngn. +Chn tn s dao ng : tn s sng mang mang m truyn l tn s thu c dovi mch m ha sau khi tin hnh chia 12 ln i vi tn s dao ng ca b cng hng bng thch anh c u bn ngoi . Cho nn mc n nh ca tn s ny ph thuc vo cht lng v quy cch ca thch anh .Tn s dao ng ca mch pht thng l 400-500Khz . i vi mch pht trn th nn chn tn s ca thch anh l 455Khz.(V con ny c ngoi th trng) Tn s sng mang = Tn s dao ng / 12 = 455/12 = 38KHZ + Do u ra ca IC c dng rt b nn ta phi dng thm b khuych i tn hiu ca n ln nn dng con A1013. Hay ta c th khuch i tn hiu dng mch Dalington cng c (h s khuch i ln) + M ha cc phm c lp theo kiu ma trn. Ci ny c lp theo s trong datasheet! 4 ) Mch thu hng ngoi S mch nguyn l

+ i vi modul mt thu trn th trng c 2 loi

module mt thu tn hiu hng ngoi . Mt loi v st v 1 loi v bng nha. Dng loi module ny chng c nhiu bn ngoi v thu c tn hiu xung quang n. Cc xc nh chn rt n gin l

Nhn trn hnh nh th : - Chn 1 l chn tn hiu out - Chn 2 l chn GND - Chn 3 l chn VCC + PT2249 l IC thu tn hiu t PT2248 v gii m tn hiu t PT2248 cho ra cc knh tng ng. Vi 10 u ra ch nng tng ng vi 10 knh tn hiu. NHng m mch ny ti ch th nghim vi nm knh nu mun cc pc c th lp thm! Ci ny cc pc xem theo datasheet. Ch cn hiu n hot ng trong thn ca n lng nhng lm. Ni chung c lm cho n chy l OK. ==> Chc cc pc lm mch thnh cng. Nu thnh cng th PM cho mnh nha. Bi vit trn cng c tham kho 1 s ti liu v hng ngoi!

Sau y l mch lm test ca ti!

8) Nhim v v thng s ca mch a. IC thu pht PT 2248: IC PT2248 l mt mch tch hp c nhim v l pht ra mt chui xung vung t chn Out khi c cc t hp phm c nhn t chn 4 12 thng qua Led pht hng ngoi. Vi mi mt phm nhn s l mt m (mt chui xung vung) khc nhau. S c pht i lin tc hoc khng lin tc tu vo phm c nhn c phi l phm lin tc hay khng, nu khng phi l phm lin tc th ch c pht i mt ln. b. PT 2249 IC PT2249 l mt mch tch hp c nhim v l nhn tn hiu (cc chui xung vung gi ti t IC pht) t chn IN, sau s so snh v gii m bit c thng ip gi n l g ri iu khin cc chn ng ra t chn 3 12 trn IC. c.Thng s * M T: Mch thu pht gm 1 mch pht v 1 mch thu. Mch pht: gm 5phm nhn k hiu t 1 n 5tng ng l 5 thit b. Ngun nui 3V. Mch thu: 5 thit b. Ngun nui 5V. * C IM: Mch c th thu pht vi khong cch xa nht n 7m. Ngun c th s dng (i vi mch pht) l 02 thng.

Mch thu c th kt ni cho 10 thit b khc nhau, s dng ngun trc tip t li in. Mch c th kt hp mch vi x l iu khin hn gi, ng dng trong cng nghip v trong gia dng. y l bi vit kh r rng v nguyn tc thu pht hng ngoi v ng dng trong iu khin ngoi vi. Sau y l mch thu v PCB ca n :
iu khin thit b t xa bng hng ngoi (PT2248&2249) Post biendt | in t iu khin | Nhn xt(15) | c(9372)

y l bi vit ng dng ca thnh vin : Mai Thanh n a ch lin lc : maithanhan2009@gmail.com Trong nhiu ng dng iu khin thit b in th iu khin t xa l ci m ngi ta hay dng nht trong hin nay bi v tnh linh hot v tin ca n! iu khin t xa chng ta nhn thy nhiu nht l ci iu khin t xa ca tivi by gi chng ta mun n iu khin cc thit b khc nh l n, qut, mt bm nc, TV bng sng hng ngoi th ci ny khng khc my so vi ci iu khin tivi ca chng ta nhng chng ta phi cch ly c phn iu khin v cng sut! Vi bi vit ny s hng dn v i su vo thit k mch iu khin cc thit b gia dng bng sng hng ngoi thng qua vic s dng 1 i PT2249 v PT2249

I : Mt s khi nim chng ta cn bit n 1) nh sng hng ngoi nh sng hng ngoi (tia hng ngoi) l nh sng khng th nhn thy c bng mt thng, c bc sng khong t 0.86m n 0.98m. Tia hng ngoi c vn tc truyn bng vn tc nh sng. Tia hng ngoi c th truyn i c nhiu knh tn hiu. N c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip. Lng thng tin c th t 3 mega bit /s. Lng thng tin c truyn i vi nh sng hng ngoi ln gp nhiu ln so vi song in t m ngi ta vn dng. Tia hng ngoi d b hp th, kh nng xuyn thu km. Trong iu khin t xa bng tia hng ngoi, chm tia hng ngoi pht i hp, c hng, do khi thu phi ng hng. Sng hng ngoi c nhng c tnh quan trng ging nh nh sng ( s hi t qua thu knh, tiu c ). nh sng thng v nh sng hng ngoi khc nhau rt r trong s xuyn sut qua vt cht. C nhng vt cht ta thy n di mt mu xm c nhng vi nh sng hng ngoi n tr nn xuyn sut. V vt liu bn dn trong sut i vi nh sng hng ngoi, tia hng ngoi khng b yu i khi n vt qua cc lp bn dn i ra ngoi. 2) Nguyn l thu pht hng ngoi Vic thu hoc pht bc x hng ngoi bng nhiu phng tin khc nhau, c th nhn tia hng ngoi t nh sng mt tri. Nhiu th c th pht tia hng ngoi nh: l bc x, l in, n, c th ngi, c th truyn tia hng ngoi tt phi trnh xung nhiu bt buc phi dng m pht v nhn n nh xc nh xem l xung truyn hay nhiu.Tn s lm vic tt nht t 30 KHz n 60 KHz, nhng thng s dng khong 36 KHz. nh sng hng ngoi truyn 36 ln/1s khi truyn mc 0 hay mc . Dng tn s 36 KHz truyn tn hiu hng ngoi th d, nhng kh thu v gii m phi s dng b lc tn hiu ng ra l xung vung, nu ng ra c xung ngha l nhn c tn hiu ng vo. a) Phn pht S khi chc nng

-Khi chn chc nng v khi m ha: Khi ngi s dng bm vo cc phm chc nng pht lnh yu cu ca mnh, m phm chc nng tng ng vi mt s thp phn. Mch m ha s chuyn i thnh m nh phn tng ng di dng m lnh tn hiu s gm cc bt 0 v 1. S bit trong m lnh nh phn c th l 4 bit hay 8 bit ty theo s lng cc phm chc nng nhiu hay t. -Khi dao ng c iu kin: Khi nhn 1 phm chc nng th dng thi khi ng mch dao ng to xung ng h, tn s xung ng h xc nh thi gian chun ca mi bit. -Khi cht d liu v khi chuyn i song song ra ni tip: M nh phn ti mch m ha s c cht a vo mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni tip. Mch chuyn i d liu song song ra ni tip c iu khin bi xung ng h v mch nh thi nhm m bo kt thc ng lc vic chuyn i s bit ca mt m lnh.

-Khi iu ch v pht FM: m lnh di dng ni tip s c a qua mch iu ch v pht FM ghp m lnh vo sng mang c tn s 38Khz n 100Khz, nh sng mang cao tn tn hiu c truyn i xa hn, ngha l tng c ly pht. -Khi thit b pht : l mt LED hng ngoi. Khi m lnh c gi tr bit =1 th LED pht hng ngoi trong khong thi gian T ca bit . Khi m lnh c gi tr bit=0 th LED khng sng. Do bn thu khng nhn c tn hiu xem nh bit = 0 . b) Phn thu S khi chc nng

- Khi thit b thu: Tia hng ngoi t phn pht c tip nhn bi LED thu hng ngoi hay cc linh kin quang khc. - Khi khuch i v Tch sng: trc tin khuch i tnh hiu nhn ri

a qua mch tch sng nhm trit tiu sng mang v tch ly d liu cn thit l m lnh. - Khi chuyn i ni tip sang song song v Khi gii m: m lnh c a vo mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song v a tip qua khi gii m ra thnh s thp phn tng ng di dng mt xung kch ti ng ra tng ng kch m mch iu khin. - Tn s sng mang cn c dng so pha vi tn s dao ng bn phn thu gip cho mch thu pht hot ng ng b, m bo cho mch tch sng v mch chuyn i ni tip sang song song hot ng chnh xc II ) Tng quan linh kin chnh s dng trong mch 1) IC pht tn hiu hng ngoi PT2248 y l mt b truyn pht tia hng ngoi ng dng bi cng ngh CMOS. PT2249 kt hp vi PT2248 to ra 10 chc nng.Vi cch t hp nh vy, c th dng cho nhiu loi thit b t xa. c tnh : - c sn xut theo cng ngh CMOS - Tiu th cng sut thp - Vng in p hot ng: 2.2V-5V - S dng c nhiu phm - t thnh phn ngoi ng dng: - B pht hng ngoi dung trong cc thit b in t nh: Television, Video Cassette Recode

Chn 1 (Vss): l chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in. Chn 2 v 3: l hai u ni vi thch anh bn ngoi cho b to dao ng bn trong IC. Chn 4 9 (K1 - K6): l u ca tn hiu bn phm kiu ma trn, cc chn t K1 n K6 kt hp vi cc chn 10 n 12 (T1 T3) to thnh ma trn 18 phm. Chn 13 ( CODE ): l chn m s dng kt hp vi cc ch to ra t hp m h thng gia phn pht v phn thu. Chn 14 (TEST): l chn dng kim tra m ca phn pht, khi khng s dng c th b trng. Chn 15 ( TXout): l u ra ca tn hiu c iu ch FM. Chn 16 ( Vcc): l chn cp ngun dng

B to dao ng v b phn tn: c th pht c i xa, ta cn c xung c tn s 38Khz ni nhn nhng trn th trng kh tm c thcng tn s nn ta chn tn s ca thch anh l 455Khz cho b to dao n tn s s c a qua b phn tn chia n ra thnh 12 ln. Mch in phm vo: C tng cng 18 phm c ni ti cc chn K1 K6 v mch hot ng thi gian T1 T3 to ra bn phm ma trn (6*3).

- Phm 1 6: l nhng phm cho ra tn hiu lin tc khi n gi. - Phm 7 18: l nhng phm cho ra nhng tn hiu khng lin tc. Tn hiu s b mt ngay khi nhn vo cho d c gi phm. Mch hot ng tn hiu thi gian - Mch pht sinh tn hiu: - Lnh truyn: gm mt t lnh c to bi 3 bit m ngi dng, 1 bit m lin tc, 2 bit m khng lin tc v 6 bit m ng vo. Vy, n c 12 bit m.Trong , 3 bit m ngi dng c to nh sau: D liu ca 3 bit m T1, T2, T3 s l 1 nu 1 diode c ni gia chn CODE v chn Tn (n = 1-3); v l 0 khi khng ni diode. V IC thu PT2249, ch c 2 bit m (CODE 2, CODE 3), nn chn T1 ca PT2249 s lun mc 1.

o C1,C2,C3 : m ngi dng o H : m tn hiu lin tc o S1,S2 : m tn hiu khng lin tc o D1- D6 : m ng vo Dng sng truyn :

- Thi gian ca bit a ph thuc vo tn s dao ng v c tnh bi cng thc:

o Tn hiu khng lin tc :

- Khi nhn bt k 1 phm khng lin tc, tn hiu khng lin tc ch truyn 2 t lnh n ng ra. o Tn hiu lin tc :

- Khi nhn bt k mt phm lin tc , tn hiu lin tc s lp li chu k s khi truyn 2 t lnh v thi gian dng cho n khi phm khng c nhn na - Mt vi tham s quan trng:

2) IC thu tn hiu v m ha hng ngoi PT2249

- PT2249 cng c ch to bi cng ngh CMOS . N c th iu khin ti a 10 thit b. * c tnh : + Tiu tn cng sut thp + Kh nng chng nhiu rt cao + Nhn c ng thi 5 chc nng t IC pht PT2249 + Cung cp b to dao ng RC + B lc s v B kim tra m ngn nga s tc ng t nhng ngun sng khc nhau nh n PL . Do khng nh hng n nhy ca mt thu. * S chn ca PT2249

- Chn 1 (Vss): l chn mass c ni vi cc m ca ngun in. - Chn 2 (R) : l u vo tn hiu thu. - Cc chn 3 7 (H1 - H5) : l u ra tn hiu lin tc. Ch cn thu c tn

hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s lun duy tr mc logic 1. - Cc chn 8 12 (S5 S1): l u ra tn hiu khng lin tc. Ch cn thu c tn hiu tng ng vi u ra no th u ra s duy tr mc logic 1 trong khong thi gian l 107ms. - Chn 14 v 13 (CODE 2 v CODE 3): to ra cc t hp m h thng gia phn pht v phn thu. M s ca hai chn ny phi ging t hp m h thng ca phn pht th mi thu c tn hiu. - Chn 15 (OSC): dng ni vi t in v in tr bn ngoi to ra dao ng cho mch. - Chn 16 (Vcc): l chn c ni vi cc dng ca ngun cung cp

- Gii thch s khi : Sau khi IC pht PT2248 pht tn hiu (2 chu k) i, tn hiu s c mt thu tip nhn ri a n n chn RXin. Chn RXin c nhim v s

chnh li dng sng ca tn hiu cho chun. Sau , tn hiu c a ti b lc s. B lc s c nhim v lc ly cc d liu ri a n thanh ghi. D liu u tin c lu vo thanh ghi 12 bit. Tip n, d liu th hai s c np vo thanh ghi. D liu u tin s c a qua b m ng ra nu m ca n khp vi m ca phn pht. Trng hp , m ca d liu khng khp vi m ca phn pht th qu trnh s c lp li. 3) Module hay LED thu tn hiu hng ngoi PIC 1018SCL PIC 1018SCL l IC thu tn hiu hng ngoi vi nhng u im sau: - L IC c Kch thc nh - Phm vi thu nhn tn hiu xa (+,- 45 ) - Kh nng chng nhiu tt. * S khi ca PIC 1018SCL

Gii thch s khi: Tn hiu hng ngoi t ngun pht qua b truyn n mch thu c led hng ngoi nhn ri a qua ba tng khuch i. Sau tn hiu ny c qua mch lc bng thng (Band Pass Filter) chn dy bng thng thch hp. ng ra tn hiu ny c qua mch khuch i (AGC) tng khuch i nu cn thit.xung ny c qua mach so snh v phn tch truc khi vo mch Schmitt Trigger. Mch Schmitt Trigger l mch so snh c phn hi nh hnh sau:

Lc ny do Vin so snh vi tn hiu ng vo V+ l in th trn mch phn p R4 R2, nn theo s bin thin gia hai mc in p ca Vout, mch Schimitt Trigger ca c hai ngng so snh l VH v VL

Qua hnh ta nhn thy, mch Schmitt Trigger l mch so snh Vin theo hai ngng VH v VL. Khi in p Vin vt qua VH th gia tr Vout l 0V v khi Vin thp hn VL th Vout s +Vcc (ngha l c s o pha). Nhim v ch yu ca mch Schmitt Trigger l i tn hiu lin tc thnh tn hiu vung vi kh nng chng nhiu cao. Tn hiu ng ra ca mch Schmitt Trigger qua mch o s cho tn hiu ng ca PIC 1018SCL l tn hiu o

Thng s k thut - Ngun cung cp 2.5-5v thung chn 5v - Dng tiu th cc i ng vo =0 ,Ic=1.5mA - Tn s dao ng F0=37.9KhZ - Tn hiu ng ra l tn hiu o - Mc cao ng ra VOH=VCC-0.5v - Mc thp ng ra VOL=0.2v - rng xung =60us - Hot ng nhit t-10->+60 4) LED quang - LED pht tn hiu hng ngoi quang tr, quang diode v quang transistor, nng lng ca nh sng chiu vo cht bn dn v cp nng lng cho cc in t vt di cm. Ngc bli khi mt in t t di dn in rt xung di ho tr th s pht ra mt nng lng E=h.f Di dn in Di ha tr Di cm hf. Khi phn cc thun mt ni P-N, in t t do t vng N xuyn qua vng P v ti hp vi l trng (v phng din nng lng ta ni cc in t trong di dn in c nng lng cao ri xung di ho tr - c nng lng thp v kt hp vi l trng), khi ti hp th sinh ra nng lng. i vi diod Ge, Si th nng lng pht ra di dng nhit. Nhng i vi diod cu to bng GaAs (Gallium Arsenide) nng lng pht ra l nh sng hng ngoi (khng thy c) dng trong cc mch bo ng, iu khin t xa). Vi GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide phosphor) nng lng pht ra l nh sng \vng hay . Vi GaP (Gallium phosphor), nng lng nh sng pht ra mu vng hoc xanh l cy. Cc Led pht ra nh sng thy c dng lm n bo,trang tr Phn ngoi ca LED c mt thu knh tp trung nh sng pht ra ngoi.

 c nh sng lin tc, ngi ta phn cc thun LED. Tu theo mc nng lng gii phng cao hay thp m bc sng nh sng pht ra khc nhau s quyt nh mu sc ca LED. Thng thng, LED c in th phn cc thun cao hn it thng thng, trong khong 1,5 2,8V tu theo mu sc pht ra, mu : 1,4 1,8V, vng: 2 2,5V, cn mu xanh l cy: 2 2,8V, v dng in qua LED ti a khong vi mA. 5) IC chia tn s hay IC m xung CD4017 CD4017 l dng CMOS dng m xung thp phn. N c th m xung sn dng v sn m v kt thc 1 chu k m t ng Reset. N c ng dng nhiu vo trong cc ng dng nh : iu khin t ng, lm cc cng c m nhc, in t y sinh, h thng cnh bo, in t cng nghip, v thit b o t xa.. a) S kiu chn v tc dng ca cc chn :

+ T chn 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11 tng ng vi 10 xung u ra ca CD4014. Cc chn ny c xut ra mc 1 khi s xung c m tng ng vi th t cc chn u ra. + Chn 15 l chn Reset. Khi chn ny tc ng mc 1 th m s b Reset v u. + Chn 14 l chn xung u vo v m sn dng + Chn 13 l chn xung u vo v m sn m + Chn 12 l chn xung bo hiu l m xong 1 chu k m ( C ngha l khi CD4017 m t 1 n 5 th chn 12 mc 1 v CD4017 m t 6 n 10 th chn 12 mc 0). + Chn 8 v 16 l chn ngun b) Bng gi tr ca CD4017

Nhn vo bng trn ta thy c CD4017 n m no nhng hiu qua th ny : Khi xung u vo n ang mc dng th xung u tin c m v khi xung u vo xung mc m th chn 1 vn gi trng thi l mc 1. Khi xung u vo li n sn dng th 2 th ngy lp tc xung th 2 c m v xung u tin b mt trng thi v xung mc m. C nh th n m n 10 l kt thc 1 chu k m v quay tr v chu k mi. Nhn vo bng m m ti 10 th chn Reset lun phi mc 0 v chn 13 phi mc m. C) Ch : CD4017 n c th m c 2 mc : m sn m v m sn dng + Nu m m sn dng th :Clock vo chn 14 v Chn 13 phi ni xung t

+ Nu m sn m th : Clock c vo chn 13 v Chn 14 phi c ni ln Vcc + CD4017 khng ch m t 1 n 10. N c th m t 1 n 2 hay n 3....Nhng ln nht l 10 da vo chn Reset 6) S khi ca mch v gii thch s khi a) S khi ca phn thu v phn pht

b) Gii thch s khi trn - Khi bn phm: c nhim v to ra lnh cho khi iu khin pht tn hiu tng ng vi mt thit b cn iu khin thng qua khi pht tn hiu. - Khi iu khin: s x l nhng thng tin t khi bn phm gi n a ra lnh iu khin thch hp cho khi pht, pht chui tn hiu theo dng xung nh phn. - Khi to dao ng: c nhim v to ra tn s xung nhp cho cc khi iu khin lm vic. - Khi pht: c nhim v nhn chuoi tn hiu t khi iu khin di dng in p, sau chuyn chuoi tn hiu in ny thnh nh sng hng ngoi v pht i qua mi trng khng gian n khi thu (trn my thu). - Khi nhn: c nhim v nhn tn hiu (chui nh sng hong ngoi t khi pht gi n, chuyn chui tn hiu ny thnh tn hiu in tr li nh ban u, ri khuch i ln sau gi n khi gii m.

- Khi gii m: sau khi nhn c chui tn hiu in t khi nhn gi n, khi ny s gii m ra bng cch so snh vi nhng chui tn hiu c quy nh sn trong khi, v a ra lnh iu khin khi chp hnh(thng qua b m). - B m: c nhim v l gi mc in n nh cho khi chp hn thc thi lnh, khi c phm no c nhn th tn hiu ng ra chi c duy tr trong mt khng thi gian nht nh (170 ms i vi phm n), cho nn mun tn hiu c duy tr khi khng cn tc ng t bn phm th cn phi c khi m. - Khi chp hnh: ch c nhim v l nhn lnh t khi gii m ri thi hnh lnh (ng hoc ngt mt thit b no ). - Khi ngun: cung cp in nng cho cc khi trong mch lm vic. 7) S nguyn l a) S phn pht Thch anh dao ng ca PT2248 l thch anh dao ng c tn s 455Khz

Khi mt phm trn bn phm c nhn (VD phm s 1), th chn 10 (T1) v chn 4 (K1) thng mch vi nhau (cc chn T1, K1 trn IC PT2248), lc ny ng ra cu IC PT2248 trn chn 15 (TXout) s pht lin tc 1 chui xung in i vo cc B ca cp transistor Q1 (A1266),nhm iu khin cho 1 con led pht hng ngoi D1 pht chui xung in ny thnh chui nh sng hng ngoi (tng ng vi chui tn hin in trn) thng qua khng gian n IC thu hng ngoi trn mch thu. IC PT2248 ca mch pht lm vic c cn phi c b to dao ng gm thch anh 455Khz v 2 t 150pF C1 v C2. b) S phn thu v iu khin ngoi vi

T IC thu hng ngoi PIC 1018 khi nhn c chui nh sng hng ngoi t mch pht n th IC PIC 1018 s chuyn thnh chui tn hiu in a ra chn 2 (Do chui tn hiu in t chn 2 ca IC PIC 1018 l ngc vi chui tn hiu in ti ng ra ca IC PT2248 trn mch pht: Chn 15 IC PT2248 LOGIC 1 th ng ra trn chn s 2 IC PIC 1018 li l mc logic 0). c th khi phc li ng vi chui tn hiu nh ban u th t chn 2 IC PIC 1018 cn phi c mch o chui tn hiu li, thng qua transistor C3198 c ly ra t ca C. Ti y chui tn hiu c khi phc v khuch i ln ng vi chui tn nhiu ban u, sau c a vo chn s 2 (RXin) ca IC PT2249 iu khin mch chp hnh. T IC PT2249 trn mch thu khi nhn c tn nhiu tng ng vi phm s 1 trn mch pht, IC PT2249 s iu khin chn s 3 (HP1) ln mc logic 1 a vo chn led v tn hiu ra t 2 chn 4 v 5 tng t nh chn 1. v chn 6 v 7 ca PT2249 tng ng vi phm bm 4 v 5 trn PT2248 . khi phm 4

c bm trn mch pht th trn mch thu t chn ca PT 2249 s a ra tn hiu mc logic 1 (14) ca 4017 v lm 4017 chuyn trng thi t chn xut s 1 ln chn s 2 v bm thm ln na th s chuyn sang chn s 3 v s chuyn ln lt nh vy. v bm phm th 5 tng t nh vy.