i Hc Si Gn Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin B Mn H Thng Thng Tin C S D LIU

$2. M hnh d liu quan h

Ging vin: ThS. Trn nh Ngha

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

c xut bi TS. E. F. Codd nm 1970. Nn tng ca m hnh ny l l thuyt tp hp trn cc quan h. Ni dung chnh
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Thuc tnh Quan h B gi tr Th hin ca quan h Lc quan h Lc CSDL Kha Keys Chuyn ER sang RDM
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 2

Ni Dung

$2.1. Thuc tnh

i

tng l mt thc th tn ti khch quan hay mt s tru tng ha (nhn vin, xe my, hng ha, ...). Thuc tnh l c tnh ca i tng cn c phn nh trong CSDL.

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

$2.1. Thuc tnh

i tng xe my c cc thuc tnh nh : S xe, S my, Ch xe, ... i tng nhn vin c cc thuc tnh nh : M nhn vin,H tn, Phi, ...

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 4

$2.1. Thuc tnh

Thuc

1.Tn gi: Mt dy k t bt k (gi nh) 2.Kiu d liu: S, Chui, Ngy, Logic, OLE. 3.Min gi tr ca thuc tnh: Xc nh tp gi tr m thuc tnh c th nhn. K hiu min gi tr ca thuc tnh A l Dom(A).

tnh c c trng bi 3 yu t:

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

c xut bi TS. E. F. Codd nm 1970. Nn tng ca m hnh ny l l thuyt tp hp trn cc quan h. Ni dung chnh
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Thuc tnh Quan h B gi tr Th hin ca quan h Lc quan h Lc CSDL Kha Keys Chuyn ER sang RDM
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 6

Ni Dung

$2.2. Quan h
Quan h l mt bng (table) 2 chiu c nh ngha trn mt tp thuc tnh. Tp ton b thuc tnh ca mt quan h Q c k hiu l : Q+. V d : quan h NhanVien vi 5 thuc tnh

NhanVien
MaNV 123 124 HoTen NTA LVM Phai N Nam Luong PHG 2000000 NC 2100000 NC
7

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

$2.2. Quan h

Quan h PhongBan vi 4 thuc tnh

Tn thuc tnh

Tn quan h

PhongBan
MAPHG TENPHG TRPHG 888665555 987987987 NG_NHANCHUC 19/06/1981 1/1/1995 22/05/1968 1 Quan ly 4 Dieu nang

5 Nghien cuu 333445555

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

c xut bi TS. E. F. Codd nm 1970. Nn tng ca m hnh ny l l thuyt tp hp trn cc quan h. Ni dung chnh
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Thuc tnh Quan h B gi tr Th hin ca quan h Lc quan h Lc CSDL Kha Keys Chuyn ER sang RDM
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 9

Ni Dung

$2.3. B gi tr
B l mt dng d liu trong mt quan h. B thng c gi l mu tin, bn ghi hay record.

B
NhanVien
MaNV 123 124 HoTen NTA LVM Phai N Nam Luong PHG 2000000 NC 2100000 NC

Khng c 2 b ging nhau trong cng mt quan h

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 10

c xut bi TS. E. F. Codd nm 1970. Nn tng ca m hnh ny l l thuyt tp hp trn cc quan h. Ni dung chnh
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Thuc tnh Quan h B gi tr Th hin ca quan h Lc quan h Lc CSDL Kha Keys Chuyn ER sang RDM
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 11

Ni Dung

$2.4. Th hin ca quan h

Th hin ca mt quan h l tp hp cc b gi tr c th ca mt quan h ti mt thi im nht nh. K hiu th hin ca quan h Q l TQ TNhanVien1 l th hin ca quan h NhanVien vo ngy 1/10/2007

NhanVien MaNV HoTen Phai Luong PHG 123 N T A N 2000000 NC 124 L V M Nam 2100000 NC
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 12

$2.4. Th hin ca quan h

TNhanVien2 l th hin ca quan h NhanVien vo ngy 5/10/2007

NhanVien HoTen NTA LVM TVB N Nam Nam Phai Luong PHG

MaNV 123 124 125

2800000 NC 2100000 NC 1500000 Mang

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

13

c xut bi TS. E. F. Codd nm 1970. Nn tng ca m hnh ny l l thuyt tp hp trn cc quan h. Ni dung chnh
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Thuc tnh Quan h B gi tr Th hin ca quan h Lc quan h Lc CSDL Kha Keys Chuyn ER sang RDM
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 14

Ni Dung

$2.5. Lc quan h
Cu trc ca mt quan h l tp thuc tnh hnh thnh nn quan h . Lc quan h nhm mc ch m t cu trc ca mt quan h v cc mi lin h gia cc thuc tnh trong quan h . Mt lc quan h gm:

mt tp thuc tnh ca quan h, km theo mt m t xc nh ngha v mi lin h gia cc thuc tnh

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

15

$2.5. Lc quan h

Lc quan h c c trng bi:

Mt tn phn bit Mt tp hp hu hn cc thuc tnh (A1, , An)

K hiu ca lc quan h Q gm n thuc tnh (A1, A2, ... An) l :

Q(A1, A2, ..., An), hoc Q+ = {A1, A2, ..., An}
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 16

$2.5. Lc quan h

Lc quan h PhongBan
PhongBan(MaPHG, TenPHG, TrPHG, NG_NhanChuc) M t: Mi phng ban c cp mt m s duy nht phn bit vi cc phng ban khc trong cng ty, v c mt tn phng ban, mt trng phng cng ngy nhn chc ca trng phng.
MAPHG 1 4 5 TENPHG Quan ly Dieu nang Nghien cuu TRPHG 888665555 987987987 333445555 NG_NHANCHUC 19/6/1981 1/1/1995 22/5/1968

Quan h PhongBan

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

17

c xut bi TS. E. F. Codd nm 1970. Nn tng ca m hnh ny l l thuyt tp hp trn cc quan h. Ni dung chnh
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Thuc tnh Quan h B gi tr Th hin ca quan h Lc quan h Lc CSDL Kha Keys Chuyn ER sang RDM
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 18

Ni Dung

$2.6. Lc CSDL

L tp hp gm cc lc quan h v cc mi lin h gia chng trong cng mt h thng qun l.

Cc CSDL

H Qun Tr CSDL Cc quan h

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 19

$2.6. Lc CSDL
Lc CSDL qun l n cty
NHANVIEN (MaNV, HoNV, TenLot, TenNV, Phai, Luong, PHG, NGSinh, DCHI, Ma_NQL) PHONGBAN (MaPHG, TenPHG, TrPHG, NG_NhanChuc) DEAN (MaDA, TenDA, DDIEM_DA, Phong) PHANCONG (Ma_NVien, MaDA, ThoiGian) DIADIEM_PHG (MaPHG, DIADIEM) THANNHAN (Ma_NVien, TenTN, Phai, NGSinh, QuanHe)

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

20

c xut bi TS. E. F. Codd nm 1970. Nn tng ca m hnh ny l l thuyt tp hp trn cc quan h. Ni dung chnh
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Thuc tnh Quan h B gi tr Th hin ca quan h Lc quan h Lc CSDL Kha Keys Chuyn ER sang RDM
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 21

Ni Dung

$2.7. Kha
Siu kha Kha Kha Chnh Kha Ngoi

Nguyn Vn To? C C

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

22

$2.7. Kha

Siu kha Super Keys

Siu kha : l mt tp con cc thuc tnh ca Q+ m nh vo chng ta c th phn bit 2 b khc nhau trong cng mt th hin TQ bt k. t1, t2 TQ, t1[K] t2[K] K l siu kha ca Q. Mt quan h c t nht mt siu kha (Q+) v c th c nhiu siu kha.

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

23

$2.7. Kha

Siu kha Super Keys

V d: cc siu kha ca quan h NhanVien l: {HoTen,Phai}; {HoTen,Phai,Luong,PHG};

NhanVien Siu HoTen Phai Kha? N T A N LVM NTA Nam Nam Luong 2000 2100 2500 PHG NC NC KH

T hp cc thuc tnh c th phn bit cc b trong 1 quan h

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

24

$2.7. Kha

Kha Keys
Kha: l mt siu kha nh nht (cha t thuc tnh nht v khc rng). Cho Q+={A1, , An}, K={A1, , Am}, m n, K Q+, K , K l kha ca Q nu:

K l siu kha ca Q. nu K1 K, K1 khng l siu kha.

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

25

$2.7. Kha

Kha Keys
Thuc tnh tham gia vo mt kha gi l thuc tnh kha, ngc li l thuc tnh khng kha. V d:

MaNV l thuc tnh kha ca quan h NhanVien. Trong quan h PhanCong c kha K={MANV, MADA}. Nh v y thuc tnh kha s l: MANV, MADA.
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 26

$2.7. Kha

Kha Chnh Primary Keys

Khi ci t trn mt HQTCSDL c th, nu quan h c nhiu hn mt kha, ta ch c chn mt kha v gi l kha chnh. Cc thuc tnh nm trong kha chnh khi lit k trong quan h phi c gch di.

HoTen
Kha?

Phai N Nam Nam

Luong 2000 2100 2500

PHG NC NC KH
27

NTA LVM NTA

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

$2.7. Kha

Kha Chnh Primary Keys

V d 1 : Kha chnh gm 1 thuc tnh

Kha chnh ca quan h NhanVien l: {MANV} NhanVien(MaNV, HoTen, Phai, Luong, PHG)

V d 2 : Kha chnh gm hn 1 thuc tnh

Kha chnh ca quan h PhanCong l: {MANV, MADA} PhanCong=(MaNV, MaDA, ThoiGian) PhanCong=(MaNV, ThoiGian, MaDA)

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

28

$2.7. Kha

Kha Ngoi Foreign Keys

Cho Q1(U), Q2(V) l 2 quan h, vi U, V ln lt l tp thuc tnh ca cc quan h Q1 v Q2. K1 l kha chnh ca Q1, K2 Q2+ Nu iu kin sau c tha:

K1 v K2 c cng s thuc tnh v ng ngha ca cc thuc tnh. Gia Q1 v Q2 tn ti mi quan h 1-n trn K1 v K2, mi b q2 Q2, duy nht 1 b q1 Q1, sao cho q1.K1=q2.K2

Khi , K2 l kha ngoi ca Q2 tham chiu n kha chnh K1 ca Q1

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 29

$2.7. Kha

Kha Ngoi Foreign Keys

V d, cho 2 quan h PhongBan(MaPB, TenPB), v i U=PhongBan+ NhanVien(MaNV, HoTen, Phai, Phg), vi V=NhanVien+ K1={MaPB} l kha chnh ca quan h PhongBan, K2={Phg} V K1 v K2 cng c 1 thuc tnh biu th m phng ban. Dom(K2) Dom(K1), ngha l, quan h 1-n K2 l kha ngoi ca NhanVien tham chiu n kha chnh K1 ca PhongBan.
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 30

$2.7. Kha

Kha Ngoi Foreign Keys

V d, cho 2 quan h NhanVien(MaNV, HoTen, Phai, MaPHG), vi U=NhanVien+ PhanCong(MSNV, MaDA, ThoiGian), vi V=PhanCong+ K1={MaNV} l kha chnh ca quan h NhanVien, K2={MSNV} V K1 v K2 cng c 1 thuc tnh biu th m nhn vin. Dom(K2) Dom(K1), ngha l, quan h 1-n K2 l kha ngoi ca PhanCong tham chiu n kha chnh K1 ca NhanVien.
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 31

c xut bi TS. E. F. Codd nm 1970. Nn tng ca m hnh ny l l thuyt tp hp trn cc quan h. Ni dung chnh
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Thuc tnh Quan h B gi tr Th hin ca quan h Lc quan h Lc CSDL Kha Keys Chuyn ER sang RDM
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 32

Ni Dung

$2.8. Chuyn t ER sang RDM

Bc 1. Mi loi thc th Quan h

TenLot HoNV Ten MaNV NHANVIEN TenNV Phai Luong DiaChi NgaySinh

NHANVIEN(MaNV, HoNV, TenLot, TenNV, Phai, Luong, DiaChi, NgaySinh)

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 33

$2.8. Chuyn t ER sang RDM

Kt qu t c sau khi p dng Bc 1.

NHANVIEN(MaNV, HoNV, TenLot, TenNV, Phai, Luong, DiaChi, NgaySinh) PHONGBAN(MaPHG, TenPHG) DEAN(MaDA, TenDA, DDiem_DA)

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

34

$2.8. Chuyn t ER sang RDM

MaNV NHANVIEN C thn nhn THANNHAN Quanhe NgaySinh

Bc 2: Loi thc th yu

TenTN

Phai

THANNHAN(MaNV, TenTN, Phai, NgaySinh, Quanhe)

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 35

$2.8. Chuyn t ER sang RDM

Cc lc thu c t cc loi thc th

NHANVIEN(MaNV, HoNV, TenLot, TenNV, Phai, Luong, DiaChi, NgaySinh) PHONGBAN(MaPHG, TenPHG) DEAN(MaDA, TenDA, DDiem_DA) THANNHAN(MaNV, TenTN, Phai, NgaySinh, Quanhe)

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

36

$2.8. Chuyn t ER sang RDM

Bc 3. Loi mi kt hp (1,1) (1,1)

MaPB Luong TenNV

TenPB DiaDiem PHONGBAN

TenLot HoNV Ten MaNV NHANVIEN

Phai

DiaChi NgaySinh (0,1)

(1,1) NgayNC Qun l

NHANVIEN(MaNV, HoNV, TenLot, TenNV, Phai, Luong, DiaChi, NgaySinh) PHONGBAN(MaPB, TenPB, TrPHG, NgayNC)
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 37

$2.8. Chuyn t ER sang RDM

Bc 4. Loi mi kt hp (1,1) (1,n) khng c thuc tnh ring

MaPB

MaNV NHANVIEN (1,1) (1,n) PHONGBAN

Trc thuc

NHANVIEN(MaNV, HoNV, TenLot, TenNV, Phai, Luong, DiaChi, NgaySinh,MaPB) PHONGBAN(MaPB, TenPB, TrPHG, NgayNC)
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 38

$2.8. Chuyn t ER sang RDM

TenDA TenPB MaPB DiaDiem PHONGBAN (1,n) MaDA (1,1) Ph trch DiaDiem DEAN

Bc 5. Loi mi kt hp (1,1) (1,n) c thuc tnh ring

NgayBD

PHONGBAN(MaPB, TenPB, TrPhg, NgayNC) DEAN(MaDA, TenDA, DiaDiem, MaPB, NgayBD) V d

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

39

$2.8. Chuyn t ER sang RDM

TenDA TenLot HoNV Ten MaNV NHANVIEN TenNV Phai Luong DiaChi NgaySinh (1,n) ThoiGian PHANCONG(MaNV, MaDA, ThoiGian)
Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin 40

Bc 6. Loi mi kt hp (1,n) (1,n) c thuc tnh ring

MaDA DiaDiem DEAN (1,n)

PhanCong

$2.8. Chuyn t ER sang RDM

Bc 7. Thuc tnh a tr
TenPB

MaPB

DiaDiem PHONGBAN DDIEM_PHONG(MaPB, DiaDiem)

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

41

$2.8. Chuyn t ER sang RDM

Lc CSDL thu c

THANNHAN(MaNV, TenTN, Phai, NgaySinh, Quanhe) NHANVIEN(MaNV, HoNV, TenLot, TenNV, Phai, Luong, DiaChi, NgaySinh,MaPB) DDIEM_PHONG(MaPB, DiaDiem) PHANCONG(MaNV, MaDA, ThoiGian) PHONGBAN(MaPB, TenPB, TrPhg, NgayNC)

DEAN(MaDA, TenDA, MaPB, DDiem_DA)

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

42

$2.8. Chuyn t ER sang RDM

HoTen MaSV Thuc MaNg
(1,n) (1,1)

Phi aCh

im

MaMH

TenMH

SinhVien

(1,n)

MonHoc Hc
(1,n)

SoTC

SLGV
(1,n)

Nganh
(1,n)

KhoaHoc
(1,1)

(1,1)

T chc

TenNg Thuc
(1,1)

TnGV GiaoVien
(1,n)

Hc k Dy

Nm

Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin - B Mn H Thng Thng Tin

43