Elastic Properties and Young Modulus for some Materials

Young Modulus (Tensile Modulus) for common materials - steel, glass, wood and more ..
Sponsored Links

To describe elastic properties of linear objects like wires, rods, or columns which are stretched or compressed, a convenient parameter is the ratio of the stress to the strain, a parameter called the "Young's modulus" or "Modulus of Elasticity" of the material. Young's modulus can be used to predict the elongation or compression of an object as long as the stress is less than the yield strength of the material.

Material

Young's Modulus (Modulus of Elasticity) -E(10 psi)

6

(109 N/m2, GPa ) 2.3 3.2

Ultimate Tensile Strength - Su (106 N/m2, MPa) 40 70 110

Yield Strength - Sy (106 N/m2, MPa)

ABS plastics Acrylic Aluminum Antimony Beryllium Bismuth Bone Boron Brasses Bronzes Cadmium 4.6 10.0 11.3 42 4.6

69

95

170 (compression) 3100

100 - 125 100 - 125

250

Material

Young's Modulus (Modulus of Elasticity) -E(106 psi) (109 N/m2, GPa ) 150

Ultimate Tensile Strength - Su (106 N/m2, MPa)

Yield Strength - Sy (106 N/m2, MPa)

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Cast Iron 4.5% C, ASTM A-48 Chromium Cobalt Concrete, High Strength (compression) Copper Diamond Douglas fir Wood 17 36 30

170

30

40 (compression) 220 70

1,050 - 1,200 13 50 (compression) 50 (compression)

Glass Gold Iridium Iron Lead Magnesium 10.8 75 28.5 2.0 6.4

50 - 90

45

Material

Young's Modulus (Modulus of Elasticity) -E(106 psi) (109 N/m2, GPa )

Ultimate Tensile Strength - Su (106 N/m2, MPa)

Yield Strength - Sy (106 N/m2, MPa)

Manganese Marble Mercury Molybdenum Nickel Niobium (Columbium) Nylon Oak Wood (along grain) Osmium Pine Wood Platinum Plutonium Polycarbonate Polyethylene HDPE Polyethylene Terephthalate PET

23 15

40 31 15 2-4 11 80 40 21.3 14 2.6 0.8 2 - 2.7 70 15 55 75 45

Material

Young's Modulus (Modulus of Elasticity) -E(106 psi) (109 N/m2, GPa ) 2.5 1.5 - 2 3 - 3.5

Ultimate Tensile Strength - Su (106 N/m2, MPa) 85 40 40

Yield Strength - Sy (106 N/m2, MPa)

Polyimide Polypropylene Polystyrene Potassium Rhodium Rubber Selenium Silicon Silicon Carbide Silver Sodium Stainless Steel, AISI 302 Steel, Structural ASTMA36 Steel, High Strength Alloy ASTM A-514 Tantalum 27 10.5 8.4 16 42

0.01 - 0.1

450

3440

860 200 400

502 250

760

690

Material

Young's Modulus (Modulus of Elasticity) -E(106 psi) (109 N/m2, GPa )

Ultimate Tensile Strength - Su (106 N/m2, MPa)

Yield Strength - Sy (106 N/m2, MPa)

Thorium Titanium Titanium Alloy Tungsten Tungsten Carbide Uranium Vanadium Wrought Iron Zinc

2 -6 2

8.5 16 105 - 120 400 - 410 450 - 650 24 19 190 - 210 12

-4

900

730

1 N/m = 1x10 N/mm = 1 Pa = 1.4504x10 psi 2 2 2 -3 2 1 psi (lb/in ) = 144 psf (lbf/ft ) = 6,894.8 Pa (N/m ) = 6.895x10 N/mm

Note! Use the pressure unit converter on this page to switch the values to other units.

Strain
Strain can be expressed as strain = dL / L where strain = (m/m) (in/in) dL = elongation or compression (offset) of the object (m) (in) L = length of the object (m) (in) (1)

Stress
Stress can be expressed as stress = F / A where stress = (N/m ) (lb/in , psi) F = force (N) (lb) A = area of object (m ) (in )
2 2 2 2

(2)

Young's Modulus (Tensile Modulus)

Young's modulus or Tensile modulus can be expressed as E = stress / strain = (F / A) / (dL / L) where E = Young's modulus (N/m ) (lb/in , psi)
2 2

(3)

Elasticity
Elasticity is a property of an object or material which will restore it to its original shape after distortion. A spring is an example of an elastic object - when stretched, it exerts a restoring force which tends to bring it back to its original length. This restoring force is in general proportional to the stretch described by Hooke's Law.

Hooke's Law
One of the properties of elasticity is that it takes about twice as much force to stretch a spring twice as far. That linear dependence of displacement upon stretching force is called Hooke's law which can be expressed as Fs = -k dL where Fs = force in the spring (N) k = spring constant (N/m) dL = elongation of the spring (m) (4)

Yield strength
Yield strength, or the yield point, is defined in engineering as the amount of stress that a material can undergo before moving from elastic deformation into plastic deformation.

Ultimate Tensile Strength

The Ultimate Tensile Strength - UTS - of a material is the limit stress at which the material actually breaks, with sudden release of the stored elastic energy.

Comparing some typical properties of common engineering materials like steel, plastics, ceramics and composites
Sponsored Links

Composites

Material

Density -3 (10 kg/m3)

Tensile Modulus -E(GPa)

Tensile Strength -(GPa)

Specific Modulus - E/ -

Specific Strength - / -

Maximum Service Temperature (oC)

Short-fiber Glass-filled epoxy (35%) Glass-filled polyester (35%) Glass-filled nylon (35%) 1.9 25 0.3 8.26 0.16 80 - 200

2.0

15.7

0.13

7.25

0.065

80 - 125

1.6

14.5

0.2

8.95

0.12

75 - 110

Unidirectional S-glass epoxy (45%) Carbon epoxy (61%) Kevlar epoxy (53%)
Metals

1.8 1.6 1.35

39.5 142 63.6

0.87 1.73 1.1

21.8 89.3 47.1

0.48 1.08 0.81

80 - 215 80 - 215 80 - 215

Material

Density -(103 kg/m3) 7.15

Tensile Modulus -E(GPa) 100

Tensile Strength -(GPa) 0.14

Specific Modulus - E/ 14.3

Specific Strength - / 0.02

Maximum Service Temperature (oC) 230 - 300

Cast Iron, grade 20

Material

Density -3 (10 kg/m3) 7.7 - 8.03 2.7

Tensile Modulus -E(GPa) 205 73

Tensile Strength -(GPa) 0.585 0.45

Specific Modulus - E/ 26.3 27

Specific Strength - / 0.073 0.17

Maximum Service Temperature (oC) 500 - 650 150 - 250

Steel, AISI 1045 Aluminum 2045T4 Aluminum 6061T6

Ceramics

2.7

69

0.27

25.5

0.10

150 - 250

Material

Density -(103 kg/m3) 3.8 3.6

Tensile Modulus -E(GPa) 350 205

Tensile Strength -(GPa) 0.17 0.06

Specific Modulus - E/ 92.1 56.9

Specific Strength - / 0.045 0.017

Maximum Service Temperature (oC) 1425 - 1540 900 - 1000

Alumina MgO
Plastics

Material

Density -3 (10 kg/m3) 1.15 0.9 - 1.4 0.9 - 1.24 1.25 1.35

Tensile Modulus -E(GPa) 2 - 3.6 0.18 - 1.6 1.4 3.5 3.0

Tensile Strength -(GPa) 0.082 0.015 0.033 0.069 0.006

Specific Modulus - E/ 2.52

Specific Strength - / 0.071

Maximum Service Temperature (oC) 75 - 100

Nylon 6/6 Polyethylene (HDPE) Polypropylene Epoxy Phenolic

1.55 2.8 2.22

0.037 0.055 0.004

50 - 80 80 - 215 70 - 120