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1 nh ngha: Gi s f(x) xc nh trn [a;+) v kh tch trn mi on hu hn a x b < + Nu tn ti gii hn (hu hn hoc v cng):
Th gii hn ny gi l tch phn suy rng ca f(x) trn [a;+). Nu gii hn ny l hu hn ta ni tch phn suy rng convergent) Nu gii hn ny l v cng hoc khng tn ti ta ni tch phn suy rng (integral is divergent). l hi t (integral is
l phn k
V d: Tht vy ta c:
1.
l hi t;
l phn k.
2. .
- Trc tin, Tnh tch phn: S dng cng tc tnh phn tng phn ta c:
Th vo (*) ta c:
Chng minh:
Ta c: Vy chui hi t. Vi s =1: theo v d trn ta c chui phn k. Vi s < 1:
(1-s > 0).
Vy chui phn k. 1.4 Tiu chun hi t, trng hp f(x) 0 1.4.1 nh l so snh 1: Gi s f(x) v g(x) khng m v kh tch trn [a,b], v f(x) g(x) ln cn + ( tc l x ln). Khi : 1. Nu hi t th tch phn hi t
2. Nu phn k th tch phn phn k. 1.4.2 nh l so snh 2: Gi s f(x) v g(x) khng m v cng kh tch trn [a,b], v f(x) g(x) ln cn + ( tc l x ln). Nu Nhn xt: th hai tch phn cng hi t hoc cng phn k.
- xt s hi t ca tch phn , ta cn xy dng hm g(x) sao cho . Ngha l, f(x) v g(x) l hai lng tng ng. Mun vy, ta cn nhn din v thay th cc VCB, VCL (khi x + ) c trong f(x) bng cc VCB, VCL tng ng. Tuy nhin, cn ch c hai hm f(x) v g(x) phi cng kh tch trn [a; + ). 1.5 Cc v d: Xt s hi t ca cc tch phn: V d 1
.
R rng: hm
Khi : lnx l VCL nhng khng tm c VCL tng ng tng ng. V vy, ta khng dng du hiu so snh 2. Ta c th dng du hiu so snh 1. Mun vy, cn chn hm lnx. Ta d dng c bt ng thc sau:
Vy:
phn k).
Vy:
M f(x) v g(x) cng kh tch trn [1;+) nn phn k. Mt khc: hi t. (do s = 7/6 > 1) Vy tch phn I3 hi t. V d 4.
ta c:
Tuy nhin, f(x) xc nh v lin tc vi mi th dng du hiu so snh 2 c. Khi , tch I4 thnh 2 tch phn ta c:
- Do
l tch phn xc nh nn hi t.
Vy tch phn I4 hi t.
nn hi t.