SCHEME OF EXAMINATION M.Tech.

(OPTOELECTRONICS ) (Specialization-Optical Communication)

SEMESTER-I
S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Code No. OE 6601 OE 6602 OE 6603 OE 6608 OE 6609 OE 6641 OE 6642 OE 6645 Total Subject Applied Optics Laser Physics Fibre Optics & Nonlinear Optics Digital Communication & Information System Optical Instrumentation & Measurements Lab- I Lab- II Comprehensive Viva L 4 4 4 4 4 20 P 8 8 16 Theory CW End 50 75 50 75 50 75 50 50 250 75 75 375 Practical SW Viva 50 50 100 25 25 50 Total Marks 125 125 125 125 125 75 75 775 Credits 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Grade 28

SEMESTER-II
S. No. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Code No. OE 6653 OE 6654 OE 6658 OE 6659 OE 6660 OE 6691 OE 6692 OE 6693 OE 6695 Total Subject Integrated Optics Advanced Fibre Optics Optical Networks Optical Communication Systems Nanophotonics Lab III Lab IV Seminar Comprehensive Viva L 4 4 4 4 4 20 P 8 8 16 Theory CW End 50 75 50 75 50 75 50 75 50 250 75 375 Practical SW Viva 50 50 100 25 25 50 100 Total Marks 125 125 125 125 125 75 75 50 825 Credits 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 Grade 30

SEMESTER-III
S. No. 1. Code No. OE 6661 Subject Dissertation (Phase-I) L P Theory CW End Practical SW Viva 200 Total Marks 200 Credits 10

SEMESTER-IV
S. No. 1. Code No. OE 6696 Subject Dissertation (Phase-II) L P Theory CW End Practical SW Viva 300 100 Total Marks 400 Credits 22

OE-6601 : Applied Optics

Classes L T P 4 Th. 75 Maximum Marks CW SW Pr. Total 50 125 Credits L P 4 -

1. Elements of Optics : Postulates of ray optics, planar and spherical boundaries, Graded index optics and materials, ray transfer matrix, ABCD Matrix method for optical components, Interference of waves, Gaussian beam and its propagation through optical elements. 2. Electromagnetism : Refraction, Absorption and dispersion of electromagnetic waves, polarisation and crystal optics, Propagation of electromagnetic waves through anisotropic media. 3. Fourier Optics : Correspondence between spatial harmonic functions and plane waves, transfer function and impulse response function of free space, Fourier transform in the far field, propogation of light in free space, Fourier transform using a lens, diffraction of light, image formation, spatial frequency filtering, spatial light modulators. 4. Acousto- & Electro-optics: Interaction of light and sound, Acousto optic devices, Acousto optics of anisotropic media. Principles of Electro-optics, EO of anisotropic media, EO in liquid crystals, magneto-optics. 5. Holography : Principles of wavefront reconstruction, types of holograms, experimental techniques for recording and construction of hologram, holographic multiplexing, holographic nondestructive testing techniques, holographic optical elements.

References : 1. B. E. A. Saleh and M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons NY, 2007. 2. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics, MacMillan, New York, 7th Ed., 2006. 3. K. Iizuka, Elements of Photonis Vol I & II, Wiley, New York, 2003. 4. A. Yariv and P. Yeh, Optical Waves in Crystal, Wiley, New York, 1983. 5. A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Optical Electronics, Cambridge Univ. Cambridge, 1989. 6. A. Yariv, Quantum Electronics, 2nd Edition, Wiley, New York, 1975.

OE-6602 : Lasers Physics

Classes L T P 4 Th. 75 Maximum Marks CW SW Pr. Total 50 125 Credits L P 4 -

1. Basic laser principles : Spontaneous and Stimulated emission; Einstein A and B coefficients, Absorption and small-signal gain coefficients, Laser pumping, three and fourlevel schemes, properties of laser, spatial and temporal coherence. 2. Line broadening mechanisms: Absorption and emission lineshape broadening, homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening, Doppler broadening, Collision broadening, natural radiative lifetime broadening, hole burning. 3. Laser oscillations optical resonators: rate equations, stability condition, characteristics of laser output, plane mirror resonator modes, spherical mirror resonator modes, Guassian and Hermite Gaussian modes, rectangular, circular and micro resonators. 4. Lasers and Beam modifications : He-Ne, Nitrogen, Excimer, CO2, Nd:YAG, semiconductor and free electron lasers. Active and passive Q-switching, mode locking, pulse compression, single frequency operation and frequency stabilization. 5. Applications: Material Processing- surface hardening, welding, cutting and drilling; Meterology- alignment, LIDAR, laser remote sensing; Medical: diagnostics and treatment; Laser photochemistry and Plasma interactions.

References : 1. K. Shimoda; Introduction to Laser Physics, Springer Verlag, Berlin, (1984). 2. D.C.O.Shea, An Introduction to Lasers and their Applications (Addision-Wesley, Reading, 1978). 3. O. Svelto, Principles of Llasers, (Plenum, New York, 1982). 4. K. Thyagarajan and A.K. Ghatak, Laser:Theory and Applications (McMillian India, New Delhi, 1984) 5. J. E. Harry : Industrial Laser and their Applications (McGraw Hill 1974). 6. H. Hoebner : Industrial Application of Laser (Wiley, New York, 1984). 7. R..M. Measures : Laser Remote Sensing : Fundamentals and Applications (Wiley, New York, 1984). 8. H. Moth, The Physics of Laser Fusion (Academic, New York 1979).

OE-6603 : Fiber Optics and Nonlinear Optics

L 4 Classes T P Th. 75 Maximum Marks CW SW Pr. Total 50 125 Credits L P 4 -

1. Introduction to optical fibers, Types of optical fibers, fiber fabrication and cabling, wave propagation in optical waveguides, basic waveguide equation, propagating modes of symmetric step index planer waveguide, TE and TM modes of symmetric step index planer waveguide, mode cut off condition, 2. Mode theory for optical fiber waveguide, scalar wave equation and modes of fiber, modal analysis for step index fiber, WKB analysis for multimode fiber, fractional power in the core, modal analysis of parabolic index medium. 3. Pulse dispersion, attenuation and splice loss in optical fibers, zero dispersion fibers, dispersion modified fibers, infrared fibers, rare earth ion doped fibers, polarization maintaining fibers. 4. Nonlinear optical susceptibility, second-order optical susceptibilities, phase matching, sum frequency and second-harmonic generation, difference frequency generation and parametric excitation. 5. Third-order optical susceptibility, two photon absorption, nonlinear refraction and absorption, self focusing, four-wave mixing, stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated Brillouin scattering, optical bistability, optical phase conjugation. References : 1. A.H. Cherin : An Introduction to Optical Fibres (McGraw Hill, 1983). 2. A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Optical Electronics (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989). 3. A. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Introduction to Fiber Optics. 4. G. Kaiser : Optical Fibre Communication (McGraw Hill, Book Co., 1989). 5. Y.R. Shen : The Principles of Nonlinear Optics (Wiely, New York,1984). 6. A. Yariv, Quantum Electronics, IInd Edition (Wiley, New york, 1975). 7. Flytzanis and J.L. Oudar, Nonlinar Optics : Device and Application (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1986) 8. C. Hanna, M. Yuratich and D. Cotter, Nonlinear Optics of Free Atoms and Free Molecules (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1979).

OE-6608: Digital Communication & Information System

Classes L T P 4 Th. 75 Maximum Marks CW SW Pr. Total 50 125 Credits L P 4 -

1. Signals and Spectra: Fourier transform and properties, Digital communication signal processing, spectral density,autocorrelation, random variable, stochastic processes, probability density function, Gaussian & Rayleigh probability density, noise, signal transmission through linear systems, bandwidth of digital data. 2. Base Band Systems: Base band systems, sampling theorem, quantization, pulse code modulation, companding, base band transmission, vector view of signal and noise, detection of binary signal in Gaussian noise, matched filter, error probability performance, intersymbol interference and equalization. 3. Band Pass Systems: Digital modulation techniques, ASK, PSK, FSK, DPSK, detection of signal in the presence of noise, coherent detection, non coherent detection, complex envelope, bit error performance of binary systems, M-ary signaling, bit error and symbol error performance. 4. Information Theory: Uncertainty, information and entropy, source and channel coding, data compaction, discrete memory less channel, mutual information, channel capacity, differential entropy, capacity of Gaussian Channel, Bandwidth-S/N trade-off, Shannons information capacity theorem. 5. Channel Coding: Linear block codes: generator matrix, systematic linear block codes, parity check matrix, cyclic codes, Hamming codes, Convolutional Codes: Encoder representation, connection representation, state representation and diagram, tree diagrams, maximum likehood decoding.

Books & References Recommended: 1. B. Sklar, Digital Communications, Pearson Education.2/e, 2005. 2. J.G. Proakis, Digital Communications, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 4/e, 2001. 3. S. Haykin, Communication Systems, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 4/e, 2001. 4. B. P. Lathi, Modern Digital & Analog Communications Systems, Oxford University press, 3/e, 1998.

OE-6609 : Optical Instrumentation & Measurements

Classes L T P 4 Th. 75 Maximum Marks CW SW Pr. Total 50 125 Credits L P 4 -

1. Light Sources : Introduction, LEDs, power, efficiency, types and structures of LEDs, characteristics and modulation, driver circuits, semiconductor lasers diodes, modulation characteristics, driving circuitry. 2. Optical Instrument : Optical time domain reflectometer, optical low coherence reflectometer, optical power and energy meter, monochrometer, CCD, optical spectrum analyzer, ellipsometer, Transducers, Lock-in-Amplifier, Box car averager. 3. Fiber optic components and devices : Direction couplers, beam splitters, switches modulations, connectors, couplers, polarizers, polarization controllers, amplifiers, fiber lasers, reflectors, wavelength filters, polarizing beam splitters, wavelength division multiplexers, fiber optic isolators etc. 4. Fibre optic sensors : Pressure, temperature, strain, magnetic and electric field sensors based on the characteristics like intensity, phase, polarization, frequency and wavelength of light wave. 5. Measurements methods in optical fiber : General experimental consideration, measurement of refractive index profile, numerical aperture, attenuation, pulse dispersion and bandwidth. Cut off wavelength, mode field diameter and birefringence of single mode fiber. References : 1. B. P. Pal : Fundamentals of Fibre Optics in Telecommunication and Sensor Systems, New Age, New Delhi, 1992. 2. A. K. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan, Introduction to Fiber Optics, Cambridge, 1998. 3. S.M. Senior : Optical Fibre Communication: Principles and Practice, PHI, New Delhi, 2002. 4. J. Dakin and B. Culshaw : Optical Fibre Sensors Systems and Applications Vol. I IV, Artech House, Boston, 1997. 5. A.K.Ghatak, M.R. Shenoy : Fibre Optics Measurements, Viva, New Delhi, 1995. 6. M.R. Shenoy, S. K. Khijwania, A.K.Ghatak and B. P. Pal : Fibre Optics Through Experiments, Viva Books, 1995. 7. S. Hayk, Communications Systems. 8. M. A. Nielson and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Cambridge (2002).

OE-6659 :Optical Communication Systems

Classes L T P 4 Th. 75 Maximum Marks CW SW Pr. Total 50 125 Credits L P 4 -

1. Optical Receivers: Devices types, optical detection principle, quantum efficiency, responsivity, semiconductor photodiodes with and without internal gain, phototransistors, photoconductive detectors, noises encountered in channel as well as in receiver, signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) calculations, receiver structures, optical preamplifier and high performance. 2. System Design: Intensity modulation/ direct detection: Source limitations, equalization, design considerations, digital systems, regenerative repeater, digital optical receiver, bit error rate (BER), eye diagram, link design-power budget, rise time budget, analog systems, direct intensity modulation, subcarrier intensity modulation, distribution systems. 3. Recent Optical Communication Technologies: Free space optical communication system: Transmission parameters, Sources and detectors for FSO, effect of atmospheric attenuation and turbulence on FSO, terrestrial system. Optical Code Division Multiple Accesses (OCDMA): performance of synchronous OCDMA, optical encoders and decoders, Sub carrier multiplexing systems. 4. Coherent Optical Communication: Detection principles, practical constraints, modulation formats, demodulation schemes, phase diversity reception, receiver sensitivities, BER, system performance, DPSK field demonstration system, multicarrier system and network concepts. 5. Transmission System Engineering: System model, power penalty, power penalty associated with transmitter, receiver and optical amplifier, Amplifier spacing penalty, Power transients and automatic gain control, Crosstalk, crosstalk reduction, cascaded filters, wavelength stabilization, Overall design considerations, all-optical networks.

Books & References Recommended: 1. 2. 3. 4. H. Kolimbris, Fiber optics communications, Pearson Education, 1/e, 2004. J. Gower, Optical communication systems, PHI, 2/e, 2001. J.M. Senior, Optical fibre communications, Principles & Practice, (PHI), 2/e, 2004. G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-optic communication systems, John Wiley & sons, Inc., 3/e, 2002. 5. R. Ramaswami and K. N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2/e, 2002.

OE-6653 : Integrated Optics Classes Maximum Marks L T P Th. CW SW Pr. Total 4 75 50 125

Credits L P 4 -

1. Optical Waveguides : Introduction to waveguides, Asymmetric and symmetric waveguides, cut-off conditions, rectangular waveguides, channel waveguides, strip loaded waveguides, effective index theory. 2. (a) Losses in optical waveguides : Scattering losses, absorption losses, radiation losses, measurement of waveguide losses. (b) Coupling between waveguides : Multilayer planar waveguide couplers, dual channel directional couplers, its fabrication and coupled mode theory of synchronous coupling. 3. Integrated optical circuits : Waveguide modulators, photonic band gap crystals and its basic properties and dispersion relations, prism, lens, polarizers, mirrors, couplers, optical AD & DA converters. 4. Optical Devices: Free-space and guided wave Optical interconnects, passive optical routers, Photonic switches (all optical, WD switches, TD switches, packet switches) and optical gates.

5. Quantum Information Theory : Preliminary ideas of quantum mechanics, Basic concepts of quantum
information processing, qubits, single qubit transmission, entanglement and quantum indistinguishability, CNOT gate, EPR argument and bells inequality, quantum algorithms, Deutsch algorithm.

References : 1. D. Marcuse : Integrated optics, IEEE Press, 1973. 2. T. Tamir : Integrated optics, Springer-Verlag, 1979. 3. R. Hunsperger : Integrated Optics, Theory and Technology, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1982 4. P. Bhattacharya : Semiconductor Optoelectronics Devices, Prentice Hall, NJ, 1997. 5. Yariv, Optical Electronics in Modern Communication, Oxford Press, 1997. 6. K. Sakoda, Optical Properties of Photonics Crystals, Springer, 2001. 7. K. Iizuka, Elements of Photonis Vol I & II, Wiley, New York, 2003.

OE-6654 : Advanced Fiber Optics

Classes L T P 4 Th. 75 Maximum Marks CW SW Pr. Total 50 125 Credits L P 4 -

1. Optical Nonlinearities and Group Velocity Dispersion in Fibers : Nonlinear refraction, importance of nonlinear effects, overview, different propagation regimes, dispersioninduced pulse broadening, higher-order dispersion, implications for optical communication systems. 2. Self and Cross Phase Modulation : SPM-induced spectral broadening, effect of groupvelocity dispersion, self-steepening, XPM-induced nonlinear coupling, coupling between waves of different frequencies, nonlinear birefringence effects, optical Kerr effect. 3. Optical Solitons : Modulation instability, fundamental and higher-order solitons, soliton lasers, soliton-based communication systems, fiber loss, frequency chirp, soliton interaction, design aspects, higher-order nonlinear effects. 4. Stimulated Raman and Brillouin Scattering : Raman gain and threshold, quasi-cw stimulated Raman scattering, single-pass Raman generation, fiber-Raman lasers, FiberRaman amplifiers, Brillouin gain, Brillouin threshold, pump depletion and gain saturation, dynamic aspects, single-pass Brillouin generation, fiber-Brillouin lasers fiber-Brillouin amplifiers, second harmonic generation in optical fiber. 5. Photonic Crystal Fibers : Introduction, Guiding mechanism : modified total internal reflection and photonic bandgap guidance, properties and applications : solid-core fibers and hollow-core fibers, loss mechanisms : intrinsic loss, confinement loss and bending loss, fabrication processes : stack-and-draw technique and extrusion fabrication process, guiding properties, dispersion and super continuum generation. References : 1. G.P. Agrawal : Nonlinear fibre optics, Academic Press, 1989. 2. F. Poli, A. Cucinotta and S. Selleri : Photonic crystal fiber properties and application, Springer, 2007. 3. B.P. Pal : Guided wave optical components and devices, Elsevier Academic Press, 2006.

OE-6658 : Optical Networks

L 4 Classes T P Th. 75 Maximum Marks CW SW Pr. Total 50 125 Credits L P 4 -

1. Introduction to Optical Networks: First generation optical networks, multiplexing techniques, second generation optical networks, virtual circuit services and datagrams, transparency of regenerators, Broadcast and Select Networks: Topologies for broadcast networks, bus, star, ring and mesh topology, MAC protocols, throughput calculation, synchronization, aloha and slotted aloha, testbeds, lambdanet, rainbow and starnet. 2. WDM networks and components : WDM networks, DWDM, CWDM, WDM multiplexers and demultiplexers, Arrayed waveguide grating, optical add/drop multiplexers, fiber Bragg gratings as add/drop multiplexers, WDM Filters, Fabry Perot filters, acousto-optic tunable filters, switching technologies and architectures, characterization of switches. 3. First Generation Optical Networks: SONET/SDH, Goals of SONET designs, SONET frame structure, overhead channels, payload pointer, Virtual tributaries, multiplexing hierarchy, elements of SONET/SDH infrastructure, SONET physical layer, computer interconnects, ESCON, fiber channel, FDDI, ATM, IP, layered architecture, physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer. 4. Wavelength Routing Networks: Classification of light paths, The Optical layer, Wavelength Cross Connects (WXC) wavelength reuse, node design, degree of wavelength conversion, Static and reconfigurable network, N/W design considerations; fiber cost trade-off. 5. Photonic Packet Switching: Optical time domain multiplexing (OTDM), methods of multiplexing and demultiplexing, broadcast OTDM networks, bit interleaving and packet interleaving, optical AND gates, nonlinear optical loop mirrors, terahertz optical asymmetric demultiplexer, switch based networks, deflection routing. Books & References Recommended : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. R. Ramaswami and K. N. Sivarajan, Optical Networks : A Practical Perspective, Harcourt Asia P. Ltd. 1999. C. S. R. Murthy and M. Gurusamy, WDM Optical Networks, Prentice Hall, 2002. A.S. Tanenbaum, Computer Networks, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 2002. J.E. Midwinter, Photonics in Switching, Academic Press, 1993.

U. Black, Optical Networks, Prentice Hall, 2002.

OE-6660 : Nanophotonics
L 4 Classes T P Th. 75 Maximum Marks CW SW Pr. Total 50 125 Credits L P 4 -

1. Introduction: Nanomaterials, smart materials, new materials. Maxwell's equations, light-matter interaction, dispersion, em properties of nanostructures

2. Optoelectronics materials : Electrical, Optical and Thermal properties of III-V and II-VI semiconductors
required for optoelectronics devices for visible and IR range, Growth techniques: Czochralski method, bridgman method, Flote zone method, Lely growth method, MBE, CVD, RF sputtering, PLD, Characterization techniques: FTIR, Ellipsometry, XRD, SEM & EDAX, AFM, PL, Lithography (top down and bottom up), Contact preparation of thin films for device fabrication. 3. Semiconductor quantum well structures: Quantum well, quantum wire and quantum dot, super lattices, quantum well and quantum dot lasers, distributed feedback laser, vertical cavity-surface emitting lasers. 4. Nano-optics: Photonic nanocircuits, nano and micro fluidics, Surface plasmon resonance, Metal optics, Manipulating light with plasmonic nanostructures, Plasmonic nano-sensors. 5. Metamaterials: negative refractive index and super-resolution, the concept and modeling of metamaterials, dispersive model for dielectric permitivity, phase and group velocity, photonic band gap materials, plasmonics. Super-lens, electromagnetic invisibility. References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. P. N. Prasad, Nanophotonics, John-Wiley, New Jersey, 2004. D. Minoli, Nanotechnology Applications to Telecommunications, John Wiley, new Jersy, 2006. J-M. Lourtioz, C. Delalande, A. Levenson, Nanophotonics, ISTE, London, 2006. H. Baltes, O. Brand, Enabling Technology for MEMS and Nanodevices, Wiley, New York, 2004. S. A. Ramakrishna and T. M. Grzegorczyk, Physics and Applications of Negative Refractive Index Materials, CRC Press, New York, 2009. 6. H. Ukita, Micromechanical Photonics, Springer, Berlin, 2007.