CHNG I TNG QUAN V H THNG GSM CA MOBIFONE

GII THIU V GSM : GSM (Global System For Mobile Communication) l h thng thng tin di ng u tin c s dng trn ton th gii . H thng thng tin di ng GSM cho n hin nay ang ng mt vai tr rt quan trng trong rt nhiu lnh vc mc d ng dng u tin ca h thng thng tin di ng GSM ch l trong lnh vc thng mi. Ngay c nc ta,cc hng vin thng ln nh Mobile Phone , Vina Phone , Viettel cng ang s dng h thng thng tin di dng GSM. GSM a ra mt chun chung nn cc thu bao c th s dng in thoi ca h trn tt c vng ph sng ca GSM. II. CHUN HOT NG,CU TRC MNG CA GSM : II.1 CHUN HOT NG CA GSM: GSM nguyn thu hot ng bng tn 900 MHz vi knh ng ln: 890 915 MHz v knh ng xung: 935 - 960 MHz. DCS 1800 (Digital Cellular System) hot ng bng tn 1800 MHz vi knh ng ln: 1710 - 1785 MHz v knh ng xung: 1805 - 1880MHz. PCS 1900 (Personal Communication Services) hot ng bng tn 1900 MHz vi knh ng ln: 1850 - 1910 MHz v knh ng xung: 1930 1990 MHz. Cell (t bo): l thnh phn c bn nht ca h thng in thoi t bo v thuc phm vi phc v ca mt BTS. Kch thc ca mi cell thay i tu thuc vo a hnh xung quanh, mt thu bao, lu lng dch v. V vy kch thc cell nhng vng c mt dn c ng c s nh hn so vi

I.

nhng vng nng thn. Cc cell c nhn dng bi CGI (Cell Global Identity) duy nht. Trong mt mng, s lng cc cell l rt ln. Mi cell hot ng mt hoc nhiu bng tn tu thuc vo lu lng ti. Do s lng bng tn l c hn, do , tit kim bng tn cn phi s dng li tn s. Tuy nhin, cc cell k nhau khng s dng cng mt tn s v l do can nhiu.

Hnh 1-M hnh mt cell Vng nh v (LA: Location Area) : Nhiu c ghp li thnh nhm gi l 1 LA . Trong mng , v tr ca thu bao do LA tai khu vc ca thu bao nm gi . S nh dng cho LA c lu thnh thng s LAI ( Location Identity) ng vi tng thit b di ng trong VLR . Khi thit b dch chuyn sang ca LA khc th bt buc phi ng k li v tr mng , cn nu dch chuyn gia cc trong cng mt LA th khng cn phi thc hin quy trnh trn . Khi c cuc gi n thit b , thng ip c pht ra ( Broadcast ) trn ton b cc ca LA ang qun l thit b . Vng phc v ca MSC/VLR: Nhiu vng LA c qun l bi mt MSC . nh tuyn mt cuc gi n mt thu bao di ng, ng dn thng qua mng c kt ni n mt MSC trong vng MSC ni m thu bao nh v hin thi.

 Vng phc v ca nh khai thc : Vng phc v ca nh khai thc gm ton b cc m cng ty c th phc v . Ni cch khc , y chnh l ton b ca vng ph sng ca nh khai thc m thu bao c th truy nhp vo h thng . Mi nh khai thc s c thng s vng phc v ring . Vng dch v GSM : Vng phc v GSM l ton b vng a l m thu bao c th truy nhp vo mng GSM , v cng m rng khi c thm nhiu nh khai thc k tha c hp tc vi nhau . Hin ti th vng dch v GSM ph sng n hng chc quc gia , ko di t Ai x len n Chu c v Nam Phi . Chuyn vng l kh nng cho php thu bao truy nhp mng ca mnh t mng khc . M hnh mng di ng t bo c th c trnh by gia 2 gc .

II.2

CU TRC MNG CA GSM :

S cu to chung ca mng GSM:

Mng GSM c chia lm bn phn chnh: My di ng MS. H thng trm gc BSS x l cng vic lin quan n truyn pht sng v tuyn. H thng chuyn mch SS chuyn x l cuc gi v cc cng vic lin quan n thu bao. Trung tm vn hnh, bo dng OMC thc hin nhim v vn hnh v bo tr mng nh theo di lu lng v cnh bo khi cn thit. OMC c quyn truy xut n c BSS v SS.

II.2.1 MS (Mobile Station) :

MS l thit b u cui di ng. N gm thit b di ng v c gn cng vi mt thc thu bao gi l SIM (Subscriber Identity Module).

MS = SIM + ME Thit b di ng (ME Mobile Equipment) : thit b di ng c nhiu loi khc nhau, c phn loi theo ng dng v cng sut : Thit b c nh gn trn xe. Cng sut pht ti a l 20W . Thit b di ng c gn trn xe c, cng sut pht ti a cho php l 8W . Thit b cm tay, cng sut t 0.8W n . SIM : SIM l mt card thng minh lu tr cc thng tin lin quan n MS, cc dch v GSM v cc thng tin lin quan n PLMN nhm mc ch nhn dng thu bao.

II.2.2 BSS (Base Station System):

BSS kt ni MS vi MSC chu trch nhim pht v thu sng v tuyn. BSS gm BSC, mt s BTS v TRAU. BSS = TRAU + BSC + BTS - BTS (Base Transeiver Station): BTS c nhim v tng t nh cc anten s dng trong mi cell. Mt BTS thng c t v tr trung tm ca mt cell. Mi BTS c t 1 n 16 b thu pht ph thuc vo mt thu bao trong cell. - BSC (Base Station Controller): BSC iu khin mt nhm BTS v qun l ti nguyn v tuyn. BSC chu trch nhim iu khin vic chuyn giao, nhy tn, cc chc nng tng i (chuyn mch) v iu khin cc mc cng sut tn s v tuyn ca BTS. - TRAU (Transcoder / Adapter Rate Unit ) Khi chuyn i m ha thoi v tc TRAU gm b chuyn i m ha TC (Transcoder) v b tng thch tc RA (Rate Adaptor) thc hin chuyn i lung 64 kbit/s thoi v d liu tng ng t MSC thnh lung thoi , d liu c tc thp dng cho giao din v tuyn ti BTS l 16 kbit/s. TRAU l mt b phn ca BTS nhng cng c th t cch xa BTS v thm ch trong nhiu trng hp n t gia MSC & BSC . TRAU thng c t gn MSC tit kim ng truyn dn n BSC qua lung E1 PCM30.

II.2.3 SS(Switching System-H thng chuyn mch):

H thng chuyn mch SS chu trch nhim qun l qu trnh thng tin gia ngi s dng mobile n cc ngi s dng khc nh ngi s dng mobile, ngi s dng ISDN, ngi s dng PSTN N cn cha cc c s d liu cn thit lu tr thng tin v thu bao. SS bao gm cc khi chc nng chnh sau:
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MSC (Mobile services Switching Center): y l thnh phn trung tm ca khi SS, thc hin cc chc nng chuyn mch ca mng. N cn cung cp kt ni n cc mng khc. GMSC (Gateway MSC): GMSC l im kt ni gia hai mng. Cng MSC l ni giao tip gia mng di ng v mng khc. N chu trch nhim nh tuyn cuc gi t mt mng bn ngoi n mng GSM. HLR (Home Location Register): HLR l mt c s d liu rt quan trng lu tr cc thng tin v thu bao. N cn lu tr v tr hin ti ca cc thu bao cng nh cc dch v m thu bao ang s dng. VLR (Visitor Location Register): VLR l mt c s d liu cha tt c cc thng tin v thu bao hin ang nh v vng phc v ca MSC. N cha cc

thng tin tm thi ca MS MSC c th cung cp dch v cho cc MS . Khi MS di chuyn sang vng phc v ca MSC mi th VLR trong MSC mi s yu cu cc thng tin v MS t HLR. Khi MS thc hin mt cuc gi th VLR c sn v s cung cp cc thng tin cn thit cho vic thit lp cuc gi. AuC (Authentication Center): Thanh ghi AuC c dng cho mc ch bo mt. N cung cp cc tham s cn thit cho chc nng nhn thc v m ho. Cc tham s ny gip xc minh s nhn dng thu bao. EIR (Equipment Identity Register): EIR cng c s dng cho mc ch bo mt. N l mt thanh ghi lu tr cc thng tin v cc thit b mobile. C th hn, n lu tr danh sch cc u cui hp l. Mt u cui c nhn dng bng mt IMEI. EIR cho php cm cc cuc gi t cc u cui b nh cp hay khng c php. II.2.4 OMC (Operations and Maintenance Center) : OMC c ni n cc phn t ca mng v c ni n mt my tnh ch, ng vai tr giao din ngi my. Mc ch ca OMC l cung cp cc ng dng thun li v tp trung cho vic lp k hoch, vn hnh, gim st v pht trin mng. Cc chc nng chnh ca OMC l: qun l cu hnh mng, vn hnh h thng v qun l li, qun l hot ng ca mng.

CHNG III. H THNG THIT B CA TRM THU PHT SNG DI DNG BTS
III.1 H THNG CHUNG CA MT TRM BTS: