1. Khi nim v cm bin? Phn loi cm bin?

cc vn khi thit k v s dng cm bin Tr li: Cm bin l mt thit b chu tc ng ca cc i lng vt l cn o m khng c tnh cht in v cho ta u ra mt i lng mang bn cht in ( nh in tch, in p, dng in , tr khng ) k hiu l s c trng in s l hm ca i lng cn o m : S=f(m) Quan h gia s v m c th l tuyn tnh hay phi tuyn . Song trong thc t d s dng thng thng ngi ta ch to cm bin sao cho c s lin h tuyn tnh gia bin thin u ra v bin thin u vo .

s=s *m
Trong S gi l nhy ca cm bin Phn bit cm bin : - phn loi: cm bin tch cc v cm bin th ng. +cm bin tch cc l cc loi cm bin hot ng nh mt my pht in, v mt nguyn l n thng da trn cc hiu ng vt l bin i mt dang nng lng no (nh nhit,c,quang) thnh nng lng in. +cm bin th ng l loi cm bin c ch to t cc vt liu c nhng thng s tr khng nhy vi cc i lng o. Gi tr ca tr khng ca cm bin khng nhng ph thuc vo hnh dng, kch thc m cn ph thuc vo tnh cht in ca vt liu nh: in tr sut, t thm, hng s in mi -cc vn khi thit k v s dng cm bin: +cc i lng nh hng ti cm bin Nhit lm thay i cc c trng in, c v kch thc ca cm bin. m c th lm thay i tnh cht in ca vt liu : p sut, gia tc, dung gy nn bin dng hoc ng sut trong T trng c th gy nn sc in ng cm ng chng chnh ln tn hiu c ch +sai s ca php o: sai s ca h thng v sai s ngu nhin + nhy ca cm bin + nhanh-thi gian hi p. 2.Cm bin quang hot ng da trn nguyn l g? Ngun sng ca cm bin quang trong thc t l loi g? Tr li: Cm bin quang hot ng da trn nguyn l: - Trong vt cht cc in t bao quanh ht nhn nh mt lc lin kt vi ht nhn We , lc ny mnh vi cc in t trong lp trong v yu vi in t lp ngoi , do cc in t lp ngoi tch khi nguyn t . Khi nh sng chiu ln vt cht nu nng lng ca cc photo ln cp cho in t thng lc lin kt th cc in t trong vt cht s c gii phng tr thnh in t t do. - in tch c gii phng do chiu sng ph thuc vo bn cht ca vt b chiu sng. Cm bin quang hot ng da trn nguyn l ny.

Ngun sng ca cm bin quang trong thc t hu ht dng nh sng hng ngoi Ngi ta phn loi cm bin quang da trn nguyn tc no? c im ca mi loi? Loi no c khong cch pht hin xa nht? Tr li: Ngi ta phn loi cm bin quang da trn nguyn tc : Phn loi theo ngun sng gia phn pht v phn thu: - Thu tch bit - Thu pht mt pha s dng gng phn x - Thu pht mt pha s dng phn x khuch tn. c im ca mi loi: -Thu pht c lp : B pht v thu nm cc thit b c lp nhau to ra nh sng b thu c cng ln nht , phn bit sng ti cao, pht hin c vt th khng ph thuc vo mu sc v b mt vt th, gi thnh cao. - Cm bin phn x gng: khong cch pht hin ln , kh nng phn bit cao , c th phn bit c vt th trong sut , m, bng gi thnh r hn cm bin thu pht c lp , tin cy cao -Cm bin loi pht x khuch tn : Ch pht hin vt th trong vng gii hn , b nh hng ca mu nn sau vng cm bin , l tng cho nhiu ng dng cn trit tiu nn - Loi c khong cch pht hin xa nht l cm bin thu pht c lp Cu 4:K hiu ca cm bin quang: -Nng lng bc x: Q l nng lng phn x lan truyn hoc bc x di dng bc x n v l J hoc lm.s - Thng lng nh sng : l cng sut pht x , lan truyn hoc hp th , n v l W hay lm - Cng nh sng : I l lung nng lng pht theo 1 hng di mt n v gc khi , n v W/sv hoc Cd. - chi L l t s gia cng nh sng phn x bi mt b mt theo 1 hng xc nh v din tch h/c ca pt ny trn mp vung gc vi hng , n v W/m2 hoc lm/m2 Cu 5: Trn thn cm bin c ghi : Dark on : khi pht hin vt s cho tn hiu off, khng c vt cho tn hiu on Light on: Khi pht hin vt s cho tn hiu On , khng c vt cho tn hiu Off. Cu 6: Khi mc song song nhiu cm bin quang thu pht tch bit , chng nhiu ta phi o v tr phn thu v phn pht . Cu 7: Nguyn l hot ng ca cm bin si quang: CB si quang l 1 dng ca cm bin quang , nh sng s dng trong cm bin quang l nh sng hng ngoi hoc lazer. nh sng pht ra thit b pht c dn truyn qua 1 si quang a n u pht , nh sng p vo vt th phn x li u thu , qua si quang v mch x l . *c im ca cm bin si quang: - Pht hin vt c kch thc nh , thi gian p ng nhanh , pht hin chnh xc ngay c trong khi iu kin khng CB. Thu pht ln ti 1100mm, phn x khuch i ln ti 130mm, phn x xc nh pht hin 6mm. 3

Cu 8 : Nguyn l hot ng ca cm bin lazer: Cm bin gm phn t pht lazer , phn t cm nhn v gng. Ngun sng pht ra gng 1 phn v chiu vo i tng .Sng phn hi t i tng s giao thoa vi sng pht ra. Nu cc nh sng cng nhau th sng giao thoa c bin gp i bin ban u . nu sng phn hi lch pha 1800 th bin sng giao thoa bng 0. c im: Ngun sng lazer rt n sc , nh hng cao, c kh nng truyn rt xa do thng s dng lm CB phn bit mu , nhn bit hnh dng sn phm. Cu 9: Cm bin quang c kh nng pht hin kch thc vt th l cm bin lazer. Cm bin c kh nng pht hin vt th gc khut l cm bin thu pht tch bit v cm bin phn x gng . Cm bin c kh nng pht hin vt th c h s hp th nh sng ln Cu 10: Trong cc thit b iu khin t xa , phn t nhy sng l : phototranzitor Cu 11: Nu c im ca cng tc hnh trnh? Nu ti l rle xoay chiu th c th s dng cng tc hnh trnh ng/ ngt c khng? Nu cch u ni ti vi tip im thng m? c im ca cng tc hnh trnh : Cng tc hnh trnh dng nhn bit v tr chuyn ng ca c cu my . Cng tc hnh trnh l mt tip im c kh do tui th khng cao , khng dng c trong mi trng du, m, ha cht .

Cu 12: Nu cu to ca cng tc t? V k hiu ca cng tc t? Trong thc t c cng tc t dng tip im thng ng khng? Nu c th cu to ca n nh th no? Cu to ca cng tc t : Cu to ca cng tc t gm c mt tip im li g c dt trong mt bng thy tinh rt chn khng v mt nam chm vnh cu > khi tip im li g gn nam chm vnh cu th lc t trng do nam chm sinh ra s ht tip im ng li . K hiu:

Cu 13: Nu c im ng dng ca cng tc t? - Cng tc t c tip im t trong bng thy tinh kn nn c th chu c trong mi trng du , m , ha cht . Trong thc t , cng tc t c ng dng nhiu trong cng nghip nh ch to cm bin mc , nhn bit v tr ca cc chi tit my . c bit trong h thng iu khin kh nn cng tc t c s dng rt ph bin nhn bit v tr ca piton chuyn ng trong xilanh.

Cu 14: cm bin tim cn in cm c c im g? Khong cch pht hin ca cm bin tim cn in cm ph thuc vo yu t no? Cm bin chu nh hng ca nhiu no nht? cch khc phc? Tr li: Cm bin tim cn, in cm c c im: u d ca cm bin thng c s dng l mch t h lm bng li st hoc Perit. Trn mch t c cun dy in t . Nu 1 vt kim loi dn in ni kn mch khe t h th gi tr in cm ca u d in cm s gim , dng in tiu th tng nu cp u d in p xoay chiu. Khong cch pht hin ca cm bin tim cn in cm ph thuc vo kch thc , hnh dng vt v dn t ca cv vt th , nhit mi trng Cm bin tim cn in cm nh hng bi nhiu, khc phc bng cch bc v kim loi cho cm bin v ni t Cu 15: cm bin tim cn in dung c c im g? Khong cch pht hin ca cm bin tim cn in dung ph thuc vo yu t no? Cm bin chu nh hng ca nhiu no nht? cch khc phc? Tr li: Cm bin in cm in dung c c im: Thng l 2 l ng c in tch b mt l 10cm 2 dn trn lp Perit cch in hoc nha cch in , cm bin tim cn in dung c th xc nh c tt c cc vt c h s in mi khc vi mi trng in mi ngoi khng kh , xc nh c mc tn s thay i Khong cch pht hin hiu qu ca cm bin in dung ph thuc vo m v sng Cm bin chu nh hng ca nhiu. Cch khc phc : Cu 16: Mun pht hin vt th hoc cht liu ng trong hp kn th s dng cm bin no? C yu cu g khng?

Mun pht hin vt th hoc cht liu ng trong hp kn th s dng cm bin tim cn in dung. Yu cu vt th hoc cht liu cha trong thng l cc phi kim loi . Cu 17: Mun nhn bit vt th kim loi n gn c th s dng loi cm bin no? Khong cch ti a t cm bin n vt th l bao nhiu? Tr li : Mun nhn bit kim loi n gn c th s dng loi cm bin tim cn in cm . Khong cch ti a c th ln n 1m. Cu 18: C th s dng cm bin tim cn in dung lm cm bin o mc c khng? Yu cu c th o c nh th no? Tr li: C th s dng cm bin tim cn in dung lm cm bin o mc Yu cu o c: i vi cht lng cch in : t 2 in cc kim loi thng ng trong bnh cha dung dch trong bnh chnh l in mi. i vi cht lng dn in : s dng cm bin in dung gn ln thnh bnh. o lin tc : Dng 2 que o,1 que o c bc cch in bng lp in mi , mt que o khng bc cch in. Cu 19: c th o c lu lng cht lng bng lu lng k in t, yu cu v cht lng y nh th no? Tr li: o c lu lng cht lng bng lu lng k in t , yu cu v cht lng c dn in khng nh hn 10-5 10-6 siemen/m. Cu 20: Cch u ni ti ca cm bin tim cn in cm c u ra kiu PNP.

Cu 21: Cch u ni vi ti ca cm bin tim cn in cm c u ra kiu PNP?

Cu 22: Cm bin tim cn in dung l loi cm bin tch cc v n c s bin i nng lng . Khi c 1 vt kim loi n gn nng lng ca b dao ng b tiu hao to nn cc dng xoay c cm ng bn trong vt th . Cu 23: Cm bin tim cn in cm l cm bin tch cc hay th ng? ti sao?

Cu 24: Cu 25: Cm bin siu m hot ng da trn nguyn tc no? Nu c im ca cm bin siu m? Tr li: Nguyn tc hot ng: Khi c lnh yu cu o b iu khin s pht lnh pht ra chu k sng m bc x ra bn ngoi khi gp vt chn s phn x tr li b thu. Da vo vn tc t sng v qung thi gian t khi pht sng siu m ti khi nhn li suy ra khong cch t vt ti v tr t cm bin c im ca cm bin siu m. - Khong cch bt vt ln t 2mm-10m thm ch 100m - Dng sng siu m vi tn s ngoi ngng nghe ca tai ngi bt vt - L cm bin thng minh. Cu 26: Cm bin mc kiu phao c kh thng c ng dng u? N dng o ngng hay o lin tc?

Tr li: Cm bin phao c kh thng c ng dng trong h thng bm nc t ng ca nh cao tng. - N c s dng o Cu 27: Yu cu cht lng ca cm bin mc kiu in dn l g?
Ch ng dng o cc cht lng dn in khng c tnh n mn v khng ln cc vt th cch in nh du nhn . Cu 28 : -

 o 3 ngng trong bnh v bng nha dng cm bin in dn cn 4 in cc v cn cc gc t y bnh , 3 cc cn li P1, P2, P3 c gn cc v tr m ta cn xc nh mc Cu 29 : TNG T 28 Cu 30: Ngun nui cho cc in cc ca cm bin mc kiu in dn c c im g? Ti sao? - ngun xoay chiu 10v v: chng hin tng phn ly Cu 31: Khi o mc cht lng cch in 1 cch lin tc bng phng php thay i in dung, ngi ta xc nh mc thng qua hnh thc no? Tr li: - Khi o mc cht lng cch in 1 cch lin tc bng phng php thay i in dung , ngi ta xc nh mc bng cch t 2 in cc ca kim loi ca cm bin thng ng trong bnh cha dung dch , nh vy khi dung dch trong bnh bay hi hay kt ta s l cho in tch bn cc thay i theo. Sau dng 1 mch in t xc nh s thay i ca in dung suy ra mc cht lng trung bnh . Cu 32: Khi o mc cht lng dn in 1 cch lin tc bng phng php thay i in dung, ngi ta xc nh mc thng qua hnh thc no? Tr li: Khi o mc cht lng dn in 1 cch lin tc bng phng php thay i in dung ngi ta xc nh mc bng cch : Dng 2 que o , 1 que o c bc lp in mi , 1 que khng bc cch in . Khi mc cht lng thay i s lm thay i din tch mt ngoi ca que o => lm thay i in dung nn ngta xc nh c mc cht lng trong bnh . Cu 33: Mun o cht lng c hot tnh ha hc mnh , ngi ta thng dng cc loi cm bin bc x nh cm bin tia gama, cm bin sng siu m, cm bin mc x quang hc . Cu 34: Cm bin mc kiu phao bin tr c ng dng u? Cm bin cho u ra lin tc hay ngng? Tr li: - Cm bin mc kiu phao bin tr c ng dng ch th mc xng , du trong cc bnh cha nhin liu ca t , xe my . - Cm bin cho u ra 1 cch lin tc Cu 35: Cm bin mc kiu in dung l tch cc hay th ng? Ti sao?

Cu 36: C 4 phng php o nhit : - Dng nhit in tr KL - Dng IC cm bin nhit - Dng nhit in tr NTC, PTC - Dng cp nhit

Cu 38:Mun o nhit ca vt rn cn lm nh th no? -T b mt ca vt ngi ta khoan mt l nh ng knh R v su L. L ny a cm bin vo su trong vt rn. tng chnh xc m bo 2 dk sau: L>=10R, khong trng gia v cm bin v thnh l khoan phi c lp y vt liu dn in tt Cu 37: Mun tng nhit chnh xc ca php o cn gim hiu s nhit gia nhit mi trng o v nhit ca cm bin .. C 2 phng php : -Tng trao i nhit gia cm bin v mi trng o. -Gim trao i nhit gia cm bin v mi trng ngoi Cu 39: Nhit in tr l g? -l mt loi cm bin nhit lm vic da trn s thay i ca in tr ca mt s loi kim loi khi thay i nhit Cu 40: Thng s Pt-100, Pt -500, Pt 1000 c ngha nh th no? Tr li: Pt-100 : 00C th in tr Ro ca Pt l 100 m. 2 ci kia tng t . Cu 41: Ngun nui cho nhit in tr c c im g? Ti sao c c im ?

Cu 42: C my k thut ni dy cho nhit in tr? - c 4 cch: 1.k thut ni 2 dy 2.k thut ni 3 dy 3.k thut ni 4 dy 4.k thut ni 2 dy vi b bin i tn hiu o. Cu 43: K thut ni 2 dy c c im g? -Gia nhit in tr v mch o c ni bng 2 dy. Dy dn ni t mch o ti in tr nhit c mt in tr nht nh, in tr ny ni tip vi nhit in tr. Vi 2 in tr ca 2 dy o, mch o s nhn c mt in th cao hn vi in th cn o.trong thc t n gy sai s nn t c s dng. Cu 44: K thut ni 4 dy c c im g? -Hai dy dng cho 1 dng in khng i i qua nhit in tr , hai dy cn li dng lm dy o .in th o c khng b nh hng bi in tr ca dy o v s thay i ca n do nhit . Cu 45: K thut ni 3 dy c c im g?

-hai dy dng cho 1 dng in khng i i qua nhit in tr , 1 dy cn li dng lm dy o .in th o c khng b nh hng bi in tr ca dy o v s thay i ca n do nhit . Cu 46 : Ti sao khng dng Pt nguyn cht cu thnh nn nhit in tr? Ch to nhit in tr pha tp c n nh lu di tt hn Pt nguyn cht . Cu 47: Di o nhit ca nhit in tr Pt ph thuc vo yu t no? - Ph thuc vo nng cht pha tp thm vo Pt. Cu 48: NTC, PTC l g? l cc cm bin tch cc hay th ng? -NTC vit tt ch Negative Temperature Coficient c ngha l in tr c h s nhit m.Bn cht l cc in tr bn dn c i tr gim khi nhit tng. Cm bin th ng -PTC vit tt ca Positive Tenperature Coficient ngha l in tr c h s nhit dng.bn cht l 1 in tr bn dn c in tr tng khi nhit tng C 2 loi trn l cm bin th ng Cu 49 : Khi lm vic vi dng in nh, NTC c tnh cht g? NTC lm thit b o nhit .Trong TH ny phi lu dng qua NTC phi b hiu ng Jun ko lm NTC nng ln.

Cu 50: Khi lm vic vi dng in ln, NTC c tnh cht g? Dng NTC o mc cht lng Khi dng in ln chy qua NTC s lm n nng ln v in tr ca n gim xung. S thay i in tr ph thuc vo mi trng t n. Nu t NTC trong mi trng khng kh th s suy gim in tr khc vi khi NTC trong mi trng cht lng. Cu 51: Khi lm vic vi dng in nh, PTC c tnh cht g? Cu 53: LM 35 c u ra thay i nh th no i vi nhit u ra ca LM35 l in p hoc dng in thay i t l thun vi nhit thay i theo hm m vi nhit . Thay i theo hm m vi nhit . Cu 54: Cp nhit in hot ng da trn nguyn l no? Khi c s chnh lch nhit gia 2 u 1 thanh kim loi s pht sinh 1 sc in ng. Trong cp nhit gm 2 thanh kim loi khc nhau hn 1 u vi nhau gi l u nng, 2 u cn li l u lnh. Khi c chnh lch gia u nng v lnh th sinh ra 1 sut in ng gia 2 u lnh (do 2 kim loi khc nhau) Cu 55: Cp nhit l cm bin tch cc hay th ng? Cp nhit l cm bin tch cc Cu 56:

Khi ni dy dn cho cp nhit in cn lu u g? Ti sao Cn lu : Khi ni dy t cp nhit ti thit b o phi c tnh cht nhn din ging vi kim loi lm cp nhit v nhit ti cc im ni phi hon ton ging nhau v ti cc im ni s to thnh cc cp nhit sinh ra in p k sinh -> gy ra nhng sai s Cu 57: Trong cp nhit in lm th no c c gi tr nhit mi trng ngoi khng i ? Cu 58: Trong thc t loi cp nhit no c s dng ph bin Cp nhit loi K vi v bc c th hot ng nhit 1150 o C v c bn theo thi gian cao. Tmax dng lin tc 1260o C Tmax dng ngn hn 1350 o C Thnh phn NTC- Ni Mu dy theo tin chu M: vng Nht: - xanh Cu 59: Mun o nhit ca bnh axit sunfuaric c nng, nn s dng cm bin loai no? S dng cm bin Cu 60: o v hin th tc ng c ca t, tu in ngi ta s dng cm bin loi no? Dng my pht tc 1 chiu Cu 61: c im ca my pht tc 1 chiu - My pht tc 1 chiu c tn hiu u ra l tn hiu in p 1 chiu, tn hiu ny l tn hiu tng t v t l vi tc quay. - My pht tc 1 chiu c tn hiu u ra khng hon ton tuyn tnh v n phc thuc vo c tnh t ha ca vt liu t. di tc rt thp in p u ra ca cm bin hu nh ko c. di tc cao qu nh mc th in p u ra b bo ha. Cu 62: My pht tc c th phn bit c chiu quay ko? Khng th phn bit c chiu quay Cu 63: Cm bin tc kiu t tr bin thin o tc ca c cu quay thng qua i lng in no? Cu 64: S lng bnh rng c ngha nh th no vi di o ca cm bin tc quay kiu t tr bin thin.

S lng bnh rng quyt nh di o. o tc nh th s bnh rng nhiu o tc ln th s bnh rng t Cu 65: Cm bin tc quay kiu t tr bin thin c xc nh c chiu quay ca c cu truyn ng ko? Khng xc nh c chiu quay. Cu 66: Encoder l g? Thit b o tc quay. Cu 67: Nu cu to v nguyn l ca encoder? Encoder c 2 loi Encoder tng i v Encoder tuyt i + Cu to : - Encoder tng i gm 1 a m gn vi trc quay. Trn a m c to 1 hng l tng ng vi cc vch sng ti. S mch Encoder tng i thng t 1001000 vch vi tc quay cng chm s vch cng ln. -Encoder tuyt i c cc u ra A,B,C,D mi goc tng ng vi 1 m bt u ra.M ca gc dc m ha,s vng m tng ng vi s biet m ha cc gc quay + Nguyn l hot ng Encoder tng i a ra 3 u ra A,B,Z.Trong u ra A,B s c xung lnh nhau nu o chiu quay u ra z ch c 1 xung ra khi Encoder quay ht 1 vng. Encoder tuyt i c s u ra tng ng vi s bt m ha gc quay.Xung ra tng ng vi m ha BCD,gray Cu 68. c my loi encoder ? s khc nhau gia chng ntn ? C hai loi Encoder :encoder tng i v encoder tuyt i : S khc nhau gia hai loi ny l : Encoder tng i thi khng o c trc tip c gc v khng o dc tc thp qu Vi Encoder tuyt i th do trc tip c gc v o c tc thp Cu 69 Mun vn tc v xc nh chiu quay ca c cu truyn ng s dng loi cm bin vn tc no ?cch xc inh chiu quay ? Dng encoder tng i xc nh chiu quay v o dc vn tc ca c cu truyn ng S lch pha 90 ca 2 tn hiu A v B cho php ta xc nh c chiu quay Cu 70 ng dng ca mi loi Encoder ? Cu 71 c my phng php o p sut ? o l nhng phng php no ?

Cu 72 c th o p sut trc tip dc khng ? ti sao ? Cu 73 Nu nguyn l ca cm bin p sut p sut mng sc co gin kim loi ? l cm bin tch cc hay th ng ? ti sao ? Nguyn l ca CB p sut mng sc co gin kim loi l da trn s thay i din tr ca 1 s KL khi bi ko dn hoc nn co li.Khi KL b ko gin n tr nn di hon v mng hn do in tr ca n tng ln, cn khi kl b nn li n tr nn ngn hn v dy hn do in tr ca n gim xung. Cn c vo s thay i in tr ca mng sc xc nh lc, p sut ca phn t cn kho st y l cm bin th ng v di tc dng ca p sut mng sc co gin b bin dng, u ra ca CB l gi tr in tr Cu 74 Ti sao gi l cm bin p sut mng sc co gin kl ? c my loi cu trc mng sc co gin kl ? c im mi loi ? Cm bin dng o p sut dc lm bng kl nm trn nn tng cht do v dc ch to thnh hnh un khc nh cc sc nn dc gi l CB p sut mng sc KL Phn loi : c 3 loi cu trc mng sc l : - Mng sc co gin l kl lm bng dy in kl rt mn nm trn 1 n bng cht do, ngi ta thc hin bng phng php in lua hoc quang khc. V s thay i chiu di thc t rt b cho nn dg dn in ny dc ch to thnh hnh un khc d c chiu di ln trn 1 din tch b, t ta c s thay i in tr ng k - Mng sc co gin dy: dc ch to trn nn gm vi k tht in la, loi mng dy c nhy k cao v chi nh hng ca nhiu, do do trong thc t loi mng ny t dc s dng. Cu 75 cm bin p sut din tr hot ng theo hiu ng no ? l cm bin tch cc hay th ng ? nu c im ca cm bin ny ? Cm bin p sut in tr lm vic da trn hiu ng in tr p in trong bn dn : khi tc dng 1 lc c hc ln 1 cht bn dn do cc ng sut c hc trong tinh th bn dn lm cho in tr sut ca bn dn thay i y l cm bin tch cc Dc im ca cb p sut in tr. D nhy cao s tuyn tnh tt s tr ca p sut v nhit l b thi gian hi p nh cu trc nh gn r tin Cu 76

Cm bin p sut p in thch anh hot ng theo hiu ng vt l no? Hiu ng c my loi? cm bin p in thch anh hot ng theo hiu ng no? Cb p in thch anh hot ng da trn hiu ng p in ca vt liu Thch Anh, khi c 1 lc nn c hc ln tinh th thch anh th mt i din ca tinh th thach anh s xut hin cc in tch tri du, lng in tch ny t l thun vi lc tc dng ln n Ty theo hng tc dng ca lc m ta c cb ap din thch anh theo hiu ng chiu di hoc hiu ng chiu ngang Cu 77 Mun o p sut p nhit 2400 C dng loi cm bin no ph hp? Dng cb p sut in thch anh Cu 78 mun o lc th phi lm th no? o lc l do nhng hiu qu m n gy ra, o lc ngi ta c th dng cb mng sc kl,cb in tr p in,cb p in thch anh Cu 79 loadcell l g? N lm vic theo nguyn tc no ? Loadcell l thit b xc inh trng lng ca vt, khi tc ng
Cu 80: Lu lng l g? C my dng lu lng? -luu luong l luong cht lng hay cht kh chy qua tit din ngang ca dng trong mt n vi thi gian. -c 6 loi luu luong: +luu luong k p suat vi sai +luu luong ke in t +luu luong k siu m +luu luong k tua bin +luu luong k nhit +luu luong ke tit din thay i Cu 81: Lu lng cc cht ph thuc vo yu t no ? H s Reynl l g? N nh hng nh th no n vn tc dng chy. Tr li: Lu lng cc cht ph thuc vo di lu lng , nhit , p sut. - H s Reynol l gi tr khng th nguyn biu th ln tng i gia nh hng gy bi qun tnh v tnh nht n s cn tr i vi dng chy - H s Reynol cng ln th vn tc dng chy cng nh v ngc li. Cu 82: Lu lng p k Visai hot ng da trn nguyn tc no ? c im ca php o ny ? -Da theo nh lut Becnuali, biu din quan h gia luu luong v s bin thin p suat ca chat lng trong 1 ng thu hp.khi dng cht lng chy qua 1 l thu ho th tc dng chy sau l s tng ln so vi tc dng chy trc l thu hp , p sut cht lng

ca ra gim i v to nn s chnh lch p suat phi truoc v pha sau l. S dng cm bin p k vi sai ta suy ra luu luong -c im : +cu to n gin, chc chn +lm vic ko gy ting n, co th ch to hng lot +lp t bng mng sc hoc kt ni xen k +gy tn hao luu luong dng chy Cu 83 : Nu dng lu lng l cht c hot tnh ha hc mnh th dng lu lng p k Visai c ph hp khng ? ti sao ?

Cu 84 : Lu lng k in t hot ng da trn nh lut no ? Yu cu ca dng chy c tnh cht g ? c im ca cm bin ny ? -nh lut Faraday. Khi c dng cht lng dn in chy ct qua t trng do cun dy t vung gc vi dng chy th s xuat hin s cm ng trn ha in cc thnh ng. - :+ cho php o luu luong theo 2 chiu +dduong kinh ng c th t 2mm -3m +dng chy c in dn tren 1mS/cm Cu 85 : ng dn cht lu c th o lu lng bng lu lng k in t l kim loi hay phi kim ? -phi kim Cu 86 : Lu lng k siu m c gy ra tn hao lu lng dng chy khng ? tng chnh xc ca php o bng cm bin ny th phi lm th no ? -ko -s dng nhiu cp cm bin v hin tng phn x nhiu ln Cu 87 Cng t th tch c nguyn l hot ng nh th no? c im ca php o ny ? -khi cho cht lng chy qua lm quay cc cnh phn ng. Nh b phn m s vng quay c th suy ra th tch cht lng chy qua ng -c im :+cnh th tch dc t trong bung c th tch bit + chnh xc 0,15-2% +v qun tnh phn ng nn c th gy nn nhm ln trong qu trnh o dao ng Cu 88 Loi lu lng k no cho php o lu lng 2 chiu? -luu luong k nhit Cu 89 Cm bin thng minh l g? Tnh nng chnh ca cm bin thng minh? -l s kt hp gia mp v cc mch vi in t vi cc cm bin thng thng thc hin cc chc nng mi m cm bin thng thng khng thc hin c.

-chng c th thu thp s liu t nhiu i luong do khc nhau, gia cng s b ket qu theo cc thut ton nh trc , c kh nng b sai s do nh hng ca mi trng bn ngoi qua hiu chnh dc sai s cho php o mt khc nh mch vi in t cc cm bin thng minh c kh nng m ha tn hiu o, ghp ni dc vi cc thit b ngoi vi, ghp ni luu tr d liu. Kt hopwj vi mp chng c kh nng thc hin cc php tnhs i s, iu khin qu trnh o vi cc khu kt hp nh A/D, cc b dn knh MUX...