PHT B TM LUN

Thin Thn b tt to lun i Diu Tn, ngi tam tng php s Cu Ma La Thp dch Qung Minh dch ---o0o--Ngun http://thuvienhoasen.org Chuyn sang ebook 24-8-2009 Ngi thc hin : Nam Thin namthien@gmail.com Link Audio Ti Website http://www.phatphaponline.org Mc Lc
Phm 1: Khuyn Pht Phm 2: Pht Tm Phm 3: Nguyn Th Phm 4: n na ba la mt Phm 5: Thi la ba la mt Phm 6: Sng ba la mt Quyn H Phm 7: T l da ba la mt Phm 8: Thin na ba la mt Phm 9: Bt Nh Ba La Mt Phm 10: Nh Tht Php Mn Phm 11: Khng V Tng Phm 12: Cng c Tr

---o0o--Quyn Thng Phm 1: Khuyn Pht Knh ly khp php gii Kh lai hin ti Pht ng i bi cu th ng khng[1], bt ng tr[2]. C mt php gi l i phng ng[3], ti thng diu[4], thuc Ma c lc gi tng[5], l ch tu hnh ca b tt. Php c nng lc (mt) khuyn khch cc v b tt vui thch tu tp V thng b ; (hai) c th lm cho

chng sanh pht tm rng su; (ba) kin lp th nguyn u v trang nghim b [6]; (bn) bng cach x thn mng ti bo nhip phc tham ln; (nm) tu tp ng t gii[7] dn dy chng sanh khng phm cm hnh; (su) hnh tt cnh nhn[8] iu phc sn si; (by) pht khi tinh tn mt cch mnh m an ch chng sanh; (tm) thc tp cc thin nh bit cc loi tm tnh; (chn) tu hnh tr tu dit tr v minh; (mi) ng nhp nh tht php mn ri xa cc chp trc; (mi mt) ni by cc php rt su l khng, v tng; (mi hai) xng tn cng c Pht chng khng on dt. C v lng phng tin nh vy lm php mn thanh tnh tr gip o b e. y chnh l nhng php thng thng thin m ti mun phn bit, ch by r rng cho ht thy chng sanh t n cu cnh l qu v V thng chnh ng chnh gic. Cc ngi con Pht, nu l t Pht, th tr li Pht dy, thng v chng sanh din ni gio php, th trc nn xng dng cng c ca Pht, chng sanh nghe ri mi c th pht tm cu tr tu Pht. Do pht tm nh vy nn Pht chng khng on dt. Hng t kheo, t kheo ni, u b tc, u b di thng nim Pht, nim php, v li cn nim cng hnh ca c Nh lai: Lc hnh o b tt, v cu php m c b tt phi tri qua a tng k kip th cc cn kh. Vi tm nim cu php nh vy, c b tt c nghe thuyt php, d ch l mt bi k. c b tt c nghe gio php qua s ch dy li mng[9], th gieo trng thin cn, tu tp Pht php, chng qu V thng chnh ng chnh gic, v on tr cc kh no ca v lng chng sanh trong ng sanh t v th. Hng i b tt mun thnh tu v lng thn tm th phi cn tu tinh tn, pht i nguyn su, hnh i phng tin, khi i t bi, cu i tr tu v kin nh tng[10]. Cu cc php ln ca ch Pht nh vy ri, li phi bit php v lng v bin. Do php v lng nn phc c qu bo cng li v lng. c Nh lai dy rng: Nu cc b tt lc ban u pht tm cho d mt nim h lit, th phc c qu bo ca h trm ngn vn kip ni khng th ht. Hung li, mt ngy, mt thng, mt nm cho n trm nm, tp quen nhiu nim, th phc c qu bo u th ni ht. V sao vy? V vic lm ca b tt l khng cng tn, v mun cho tt c chng sanh u tr V sanh php nhn[11], c qu V thng chnh ng gic. Cc ngi con Pht, B tt s pht b tm, th nh bin ln lc bt u khi s kh cn, phi bit s kh cn i theo thi gian, t bc h, trung, thng cho n khng cn cp bc, th ch cha bo chu nh hin by. Bo chu y u t bin ln sanh ra. B tt pht tm cng li nh vy, t lc s pht tm ri dn dn pht huy, phi bit b tm tng trng t

ngi, tri, thanh vn, duyn gic, b tt, Pht . B tm l ch pht sanh tt c thin php, thin nh, tr tue[12]. Li na, nh tam thin i thin th gii t lc s to, n khi hnh thnh, th t c 25 hu[13]. Tt c chng sanh trong cc hu thy u gnh vc (nhn qu), lm ch nng ta nhau. B tt pht b tm cng li nh vy, t lc s pht tm ri dn dn pht huy (trong cc hu), khp v tt c v lng chng sanh, bao gm lc th, t sanh, chnh kin, t kin, tu thin, tp c, h tr tnh gii, phm t trng ti, tn phng tam bo, ch bai chnh php, ch ma, ngoi o, sa mn, phm ch, st li, b la mn, ph x, th la, m v gnh vc tt c, lm ch nng ta cho chng sanh. Li na, b tt pht tm, ly t bi lm u. Tm i t ca b tt th v lng, v bin, cho nn s pht tm cng khng c gii hn, trm khp chng sanh gii. Th nh h khng trm khp tt c (khng ch no khng c), b tt pht tm cng li nh vy, v tt c chng sanh m pht tm nn khng ch no khng c (s pht tm ca b tt). Cng nh chng sanh gii v lng, v bin khng c cng tn; b tt pht tm cng li nh vy, v lng, v bin khng c cng tn. H khng khng cng tn, nn chng sanh gii khng cng tn. Do b tt pht tm ngang bng chng sanh gii[14], m chng sanh gii khng c gii hn, nn s pht tm cng khng c gii hn[15]. Nay ti nng ch ca Pht ma ni by mt cht phn ca chng sanh gii, nh sau: Phng ng c thin c hng h sa a tng k th gii ca ch Pht, cho n phng nam, phng ty, phng bc, bn hng trn di, mi mi c thin c hng h sa a tng k th gii ca ch Pht. Ht thy em nghin nt lm vi trn. Cc vi trn ny cc nh n ni nhc nhn khng nhn thy c. Mt trm vn c hng h sa a tng k tam thin i thin th gii, ch c bao nhiu chng sanh thy u t tp, chung ly mt trn. Hai trm vn c hng h sa a tng k tam thin i thin th gii, ch c bao nhiu chng sanh, chung ly hai trn. Nh vy, ln la ly mi phng, mi phng c thin c hng h sa a tng k th gii ca ch Pht, ch no c a chng u nghin lm vi trn, gom li ht, th chng sanh gii cng khng th cng tn. Th nh c ngi chia ch mt si lng lm trm phn, ly mt phn si lng, nhng vo nc bin ln. Ti nay ni by t phn v chng sanh gii cng li nh nc trn mt phn si lng, nhng iu cha ni nh nc bin ln. Gi s ch Pht trong v lng v bin a tng k rng by th d,

ni cng khng ht (v chng sanh gii). S pht tm ca b tt c kh nng che khp ht thy chng sanh gii nh vy. V sao? Cc ngi con Pht, v b tm u th cng tn vy. Nu c b tt nghe li nh trn m khng kinh, khng s, khng thi lui, khng qun mt, phi bit ngi quyt nh c th pht b tm. Gi s, v lng ht thy ch Pht trong v lng a tng k kip xng tn cng c ca ngi cng khng th cng tn. V sao? V b tm khng c gii hn, khng c cng tn, nn c v lng li ch nh th. Cho nn nay ti tuyn ni v mun cho ht thy chng sanh c nghe pht b tm vy. ---o0o--Phm 2: Pht Tm V sao b tt pht b tm, v do nhn duyn g tu tp b ? Nu b tt thn cn thin tri thc[16], cng dng ch Pht[17], tu tp thin cn[18], ch cu chnh php[19], tm thng nhu ho, gp kh kham nhn, t bi thun hu, thm tm bnh ng[20], tin a i tha[21], cu tr tu Pht[22]. Nu ngi no c 10 php nh vy mi c th pht tm cu o V thng chnh ng chnh gic. Li c 4 duyn cho s pht tm tu tp V thng b . Nhng g l 4 duyn? Mt l, t duy v ch Pht m pht b tm; hai l, qun thn qu hon m pht b tm; ba l, thng xt chng sanh m pht b tm, bn l, cu qu ti thng m pht b tm. 1. T duy v ch Pht li c 5 s: 1. T duy mi phng qu kh, v lai, hin ti ch Pht, lc ban u pht tm, cc ngi cng nhng tnh cht phin no nh ta ngy nay, rt cng trn thnh chnh gic, l ng V thng tn. Do duyn vic ny m pht b tm. 2. T duy tt c ba i ch Pht do pht i dng mnh nn cc ngi chng c qu V thng b . Nu qu v b y l php c th chng th ta cng s chng c. Do duyn vic ny m pht b tm.

3. T duy tt c ba i ch Pht do pht i minh tu, trong v bc v minh m kin lp thng tm, tch tp kh hnh, cc ngi u c th t cu, vt thot tam gii. Ta cng nh vy, phi t cu t. Do duyn vic ny m pht b tm. 4. T duy tt c ba i ch Pht, khi trong nhn loi u c hng tm, nn cc ngi u vt qua bin ln sanh t phin no. Ta cng l bc trng phu, cng vt qua c. Do duyn vic ny m pht b tm. 5. T duy tt c ba i ch Pht do pht i tinh tn, b thn mng ti bo, cu nht thit tr. Ta nay cng phi theo hc nh ch Pht. Do duyn vic ny m pht b tm. 2. Qun thn qu hon m pht b tm, li c 5 s: 1. T qun thn ng m, t i ca ta u hay khi to v lng c nghip, nn mun b la. 2. T qun thn mnh c chn l thng chy hi d chng sch, nn sanh nhm chn. 3. T qun thn mnh c v lng phin no tham sn si thiu t thin tm, nn mun tr dit. 4. T qun thn mnh nh bong bng, bt nc, nim nim sanh dit, l php ng x, nn mun bung b. 5. T qun thn mnh b v minh che lp, thng to c nghip, lun hi su no, khng c li ch. 3. Cu qu ti thng m pht b tm, li c 5 s:

1. Thy cc c Nh lai c tng ho trang nghim, quang minh trong sut, gp Pht th tr c phin no, nn pht tm tu tp. 2. Thy php thn thng tr thanh tnh v nhim ca cc c Nh lai, nn pht tm tu tp.

3. Thy cc c Nh lai c gii, nh, tu, gii thot, gii thot tri kin, gii php thanh tnh, nn pht tm tu tp. 4. Thy cc c Nh lai c 10 lc[23], 4 mn v s u[24], i bi tam nim x[25], nn pht tm tu tp. 5. Thy cc c Nh lai c nht thit tr, thng xt chng sanh, lng t bi ba khp, thng v tt c k ngu m m lm ngi dn ng chn chnh, nn pht tm tu tp. 4. Thng xt chng sanh m pht b tm, li c 5 s:

1. Thy cc chng sanh b v minh tri buc. 2. Thy cc chng sanh b cc kh bc bch. 3. Thy cc chng sanh hun tp nghip bat thin. 4. Thy cc chng sanh to cc trng c. 5. Thy chng sanh khng tu chnh php. V minh tri buc, li c 4 mc: a. Thy cc chng sanh v si i lm cho m lm, m th lnh cc qu kh rt d di. b. c. Thy cc chng sanh khng tin nhn qu, to tc nghip c. Thy cc chng sanh x b chnh php, tin nhn t o.

d. Thy cc chng sanh chm trong sng phin no, tri ni theo bn dng[26]. Cc kh bc bch, li c 4 mc: a. Thy cc chng sanh s sanh lo bnh t, nhng khng c tm mong cu gii thot, li cn to nghip.

b. Thy cc chng sanh u bi kh no, nhng thng gy to (nghip nhn) khng c thi dt. c. Thy cc chng sanh i bit ly kh, khng gic ng, tham m dy da. d. Thy cc chng sanh on tng hi kh, thng khi him nghi, ganh ght, tr li gy thm on th. Hun tp nghip bt thin, li c 4 mc: a. b. Thy cc chng sanh v lng i dc, lm cc iu c. Thy cc chng sanh bit dc sanh kh nhng khng b dc.

c. Thy cc chng sanh mun cu an vui nhng li khng mun gi gii th. d. Thy cc chng sanh khng a kh qu nhng to kh nhn khng c thi dt. To cc trng c, li c 4 mc: a. Thy cc chng sanh hu phm trng gii, lo bun khip s, ri cng phng dt. b. Thy cc chng sanh khi to cc c, ng v gin nghip, hung d ng ngnh, t mnh che lp, khng lng h thn. c. Thy cc chng sanh ch bai chnh php, i tha phng ng, chuyn ngu t chp, khi lng kiu mn. d. Thy cc chng sanh m chc s thng minh hiu bit, nn duyn t on dt thin cn, tr li cng cao, vnh vin (chp chc) khng c hi ci. Khng tu chnh php, li c 4 mc: a. Thy cc chng sanh sanh nhm bt nn[27], khng nghe chnh php, khng bit tu thin.

b. Thy cc chng sanh gp Pht ra i, c nghe chnh php nhng khng kh nng th tr. c. Thy cc chng sanh tp nhim ngoi o, kh thn tu nghip, trn chng kt qu nh lng mong cu. d. Thy cc chng sanh tu chng phi tng phi phi tng nh[28], cho l nit bn, khi thin bo ht, ri li tam . B tt thy cc chng sanh v minh to nghip, m di th kh, xa la chnh php, qun mt ng ra, v nhng vic m pht tm i t bi, ch cu qu v V thng chnh ng chnh gic. Nh vic cu la chy u, tt c chng sanh c kh no, ta phi cu gip khng st mt ai[29]. Cc ngi con Pht, nay ti lc ni hnh ban u ca b tt cng nhn duyn pht tm, nu ni rng ra th v lng v bin. ---o0o--Phm 3: Nguyn Th B tt pht tm xu hng b nh th no v ly hnh nghip g thnh tu b ? B tt pht tm tr bc Can tu a[30], trc phi kin c pht khi chnh nguyn, v nhip th tt c v lng chng sanh, rng: Ti cu o V thng b v cu h thot chng sanh khng st mt ai, v mun chng sanh t n cu cnh V d nit bn. Cho nn b tt lc ban u pht tm phi ly tm i bi lm u, v tm i bi mi c th pht khi, chuyn vn mi chnh nguyn th thng cao c. Sao gi l mi? 1. Ti nguyn i trc cho n ngy nay lo tu bi thin cn, em thin cn ny th cho tt c v bin chng sanh, cng vi chng sanh hi hng V thng b . Mong nguyn trn ca ti nim nim tng trng, sanh ra i no cng thng buc nguyn ny ni tm, trn khng qun mt, ly lm la ni th h (tu mng ca mnh). 2. Ti nguyn hi hng i b qu ri, em thin cn ny trong tt c ci chng sanh (c tr v c Pht ra i) thng c cng dng tt c ch Pht, nguyn khng sanh vo quc khng c Pht.

3. Ti nguyn c sanh vo quc c Pht ri, thng c thn cn, theo hu hai bn Pht nh bng theo hnh, khng mt khong st na no ri xa Pht. 4. Ti nguyn c thn cn Pht ri, theo ch cm cu ca ti, (c Pht) v ti m thuyt php, lin c thnh tu b tt ng thng[31]. 5. Ti nguyn c thnh tu b tt ng thng ri, lin thng t th [32], l php tng gi danh[33] cng khp, thng t nht ngha [34], l php tnh chn tht nh th[35], c chnh php tr[36]. 6. Ti nguyn c chnh php tr ri, khng mt nim qun lng, v chng sanh thuyt php bng s ch dy li mng, u khin cho h c thng hiu (Pht php)[37]. 7. Ti nguyn c kh nng lm cho chng sanh thng hiu ri, nng thn lc ca Pht, bin khp n mi phng th gii, khng b st th gii no, cng dng ch Pht, nghe nhn chnh php, rng nhip chng sanh. 8. Ti nguyn i trc ch Pht nghe nhn chnh php ri, lin c kh nng tu chuyn php lun thanh tnh. Mi phng th gii tt c chng sanh nghe ti thuyt php, nghe danh hiu ti, lin c x ly tt c phin no, pht b tm. 9. Ti nguyn gip cho tt c chng sanh pht b tm ri, thng tu th h ln nhau dit tr nhng iu v li ch, em n v lng iu an vui, x thn mng ti bo, nhip th chng sanh, cng nhau gnh vc chnh php. 10. Ti nguyn thng gnh vc chnh php ri, d thc hnh chnh php m tm v s hnh[38]. Nh ch b tt thc hnh chnh php m tm v s hnh, nhng khng vic g khng hnh (v s bt hnh[39]), v gio ho chng sanh m khng b chnh nguyn. y l mi i chnh nguyn ca b tt pht tm. Mi i chnh nguyn ny bin khp chng sanh gii, nhip th tt c hng sa cc nguyn ca chng sanh. Nu chng sanh gii ht, nguyn ti mi ht. Nhng chng sanh gii tht khng th cng tn, nn i nguyn ny ca ti cng khng cng tn.

Li na, b th l chnh nhn b , v nhip th tt c chng sanh. Tr gii l chnh nhn b , v y thin cn, y bn nguyn. Nhn nhc l chnh nhn b , v thnh tu c 32 tng tt, 80 v p tu hnh. Tinh tn l chnh nhn b , lm tng trng thin hnh, v chng sanh m sing nng gio ho. Thin nh l chnh nhn b , v b tt kho t iu phc v c kh nng bit cc tm hnh ca chng sanh. Tr tue l chnh nhn b , v y kh nng bit r tnh tng ca cc php.[40] Tm yu m ni, su ba la mt l chnh nhn b . Bn tm v lng, 37 phm tr o php, mun hnh lnh cng h tng, tr nhip thnh tu b . Nu b tt tu tp su ba la mt, tu theo cng hnh m t t tip cn qu V thng chnh ng chnh gic. Cc ngi con Pht, ngi cu b th khng c phng dt[41], v (ba nghip) phng dt s lm h hoi thin cn. Nu b tt ch phc su cn khng cho phng dt[42] th ngi tu tp c su ba la mt. B tt pht tm, trc phi ch thnh kin lp th nguyn mt cch chc chn. Ngi lp th nguyn th trn khng phng dt, gii i, khinh d thi lui. V sao? Mun lp nguyn chc chn cn phi c 5 iu kin gn gi: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Lun gi tm vng chi. Lun iu phc phin no. Lun ngn nga phng dt. Lun ph tr ng ci[43]. Lun chuyn cn tu tp, hnh su ba la mt.

Nh ch Pht khen ngi: Nh lai i tr tn Ni ra cng c chng Nhn tu, sc phc nghip Th nguyn l ti thng.

Lm sao lp th? Nu c ngi n cu xin cc th ni ta, ta i vi h tu lc m b th, cho n khng sanh mt nim bn sn, tic nui. Nu sanh c tm bng khong khy mng tay dng s b th lm nhn duyn cu tnh bo, th lun ch ti rt ch trch. Mi phng th gii v lng v bin a tng k kip hin ti, v lai ch Pht cng ni ngi quyt nh khng thnh tu V thng chnh ng chnh gic. Nu ti tu tr gii, d mt thn mng vn kin lp tnh tm, th khng thay i, hi hn. Nu ti tu nhn nhc, b ngi xm hi cho n b ct cht thn th cng vn gi lng t i, th khng gin ngn. Nu ti tu tinh tn, gp cnh lnh nng bt cht, gp nn vua quan, gic gi, nn nc la, gp s t cp si, gp ch khng c nc ung, khng c cm n, nht nh tm phi kin cng, th khng thi lui, qun mt (b tm). Nu ti tu thin nh, b ngoi cnh khuy ri khng th nhip tm, phi buc nim qun cnh, th khng khi lon tng phi php du trong chc lt. Nu ti tu tp tr tu, qun tt c php nh tht tnh m tu thun th tr, khng khi nh kin i vi iu thin, bt thin, hu vi, v vi, sanh t, nit bn. Nu ti pht th nguyn m tm c hi hn, gin ngn, thi lui, lon tng, nh kin th d ch trong khong khy mng tay tu tp tr gii, nhn nhc, tinh tn, thin nh, tr tu cu tnh bo, th lun ch ti rt ch trch. Mi phng th gii v lng v bin a tng k kip hin ti, v lai ch Pht cng ni ngi y quyt nh khng thnh tu V thng chnh ng chnh gic. Nu b tt ly mi i nguyn lm hnh h tr chnh php, ly su i th lm tm ngn tr phng dt th nht nh c th tinh cn tu tp su ba la mt, thnh tu V thng chnh ng chnh gic. ---o0o--Phm 4: n na ba la mt B tt tu hnh b th nh th no? B tt b th v t li, li tha, c hai u li. B th nh vy th c th trang nghim o b . B tt v mun iu phc chng sanh khin ri kh no m thc hnh b th. Ngi tu hnh b th th i vi ti vt ca mnh thng sanh lng x.

Chng sanh n cu xin th khi lng tn trng, tng nh cha m, s trng, thin tri thc. Vi ngi ngho cng h tin th khi lng thng xt, tng nh a con rut ca mnh. B tt tu theo nhu cu ca h m sanh lng hoan h, cung knh gip h. y gi l b tt ban u pht tm tu tp b th. Do tu tp b th nn thin danh c lu b v sanh ra ni no th cng c ti bo d dt, y gi l t li. B tt c th gip cho chng sanh sinh tm tho mn ri gio ho iu phc chng sanh khin khng c lng keo bn, y gi la li tha. Do b tt tu v tng i th[44], gio ho chng sanh khin cng li ch nh mnh, y gi l c hai u li. Do tu b th m t c a v Chuyn lun thnh vng, nhip th c tt c chng sanh v lng, cho n thnh tu php tng v tn ca ch Pht, y gi l trang nghim o b . B th c ba phn: mt l php th, hai l v u th, ba l ti vt th. B tt dng php th th trc phai khuyn ngi th gii, tu tm xut gia, ph cc t kin bng cch ni ra nhng iu sai lm, kh au ca s chp thng, chp on trong phm tr bn in o[45], li phn bit khai th ngha chn [46], khen ngi cng c ca s tinh tn, ni ti li gh gm ca s phng dt. y gi l php th. Nu c chng sanh s hi nn vua, s t, cp, si, nc la, trm cp ... b tt thy ri, c th v h cu gip th gi l v u th. B tt khng c lng bn xn i vi ti vt th, trn t trn bo, voi, nga, xe c, t la, la np, o qun, n ung, di n mt nm go, mt tc vi, d t, d nhiu, cho theo nhu cu, va ngi cu xin, y gi l ti th.[47] Ti th c 5 yu t: 1. 2. 3. 4. Ch tm cho. Tin tm cho. Tu lc cho. T tay cho.

5.

Nh php cho[48].

C 5 vic khng nn b th: 1. 2. 3. Ti vt phi l khng em cho ngi v l vt bt tnh. Ru v thuc c khng em cho ngi v lm thc lon chng sanh. Li, by, n, rp khng em cho ngi v lm kh no chng sanh.

4. Dao, gy, cung tn khng em cho ngi v lm thng hi chng sanh. 5. m nhc, n sc khng em cho ngi v ph hoi tnh tm ca ngi.

Tm yu m ni, vt khng nh php, lm nao lon chng sanh khng em cho ngi. Ngoi ra, tt c vt khc c the gip chng sanh c an lc, gi l b th ng nh chnh php. Ngi vui thch b th li c thnh tu 5 vic mang li ting tm v li ch: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Thng c thn cn tt c hin thnh. Tt c chng sanh ai cng vui gp. Khi vo trong i chng, ai cng tn knh. Danh tt, ting lnh c vang khp mi phng. Lm nhn duyn thng diu cho V thng b .

B tt b th nh vy gi l c nht thit th. Nht thit th l g? Khng phi em nhiu tin ca cho ngi, m l em c tm lng vy. Ngi b th l ngi cu ti ng nh php b th, gi l nht thit th. em tm thanh tnh khng sim khc[49] m b th, gi l nht thit th. Thy k ngho cng sanh lng thng xt b th gi l nht thit th. Thy ngi nguy khn sanh lng t bi b th goi l nht thit th. trong hon cnh ngho cng t ca m c th lm vic b th gi l nht

thit th. em bo vt qu trng b th khai m tm ca ngi gi l nht thit th. B th m khng phn bit ngi tr gii hay hu gii, bc phc in hay phi phc in, gi l nht thit th. B th m khng cu qu nhn thin v cc qu diu thin lc khc, gi l nht thit th. Ch cu V thng i b m b th, gi l nht thit th. Pht tm b th, trong lc b th lng hoan h, sau khi b th khng hi tic, gi l nht thit th. Nu dng bng hoa b th th y hoa tri la ni, tht gic chi[50]. Nu dng hng thm b th th y gii nh tu xng p ni thn. Nu dng tri qu b th th thnh tu y qu v lu. Nu dng thc n b th th trn vn s sng lu, bin ti, sc p, sc lc, an vui. Nu dng y phc b th th y sc thn thanh tnh, tr b s khng bit h thn. Nu dng n sng b th th y Pht nhn, thu sut c tnh ca vn php. Nu dng voi, nga, xe c b th th c qu v thng tha, y thn thng. Nu dng chui anh lc b th th y 80 mn p tu hnh. Nu dng trn bo b th th y 32 tng tt ca bc i nhn. Nu dng gn sc[51] lm vic hu h, chu s sai bo nh l b th, th thnh tu c 10 lc, 4 v s u ca Pht. Tm yu m ni, b th cho n quc thnh th t, u mt tay chn, ton b thn mng vi tm khng hi tic, v chng V thng b , ho chng sanh. B tt ma ha tt tu hnh b th th chng thy ti vt, k cho, ngi nhn. Bi v b th bng v tng nh vy nn gi l y n na ba la mt. ---o0o---

Phm 5: Thi la ba la mt

Hng b tt tu hnh tr gii nh th no? Hng b tt tr gii v li mnh, li ngi v c hai u li ch. Tr gii nh vy th c th trang nghim o b . B tt v mun iu phc chng sanh xa la kh no cho nn tr gii. Ngi tu tr gii th phi thanh tnh ba nghip thn, ming, ; i vi tt c bt thin hnh c th x ly; kho lo qu trch (mm mng) c hnh v (duyn t) hu hoi gii cm; i vi nhng li nh th lng lun lo s. Nh vy mi ng ngha l hng b tt s pht tm tu tr gii vy. Do tu tr gii m xa la c tt c iu c, cc lm li, thng sanh v ch an vui, gi l t li. Hng b tt gio ho chng sanh khin cho h khng phm iu c, gi l li tha. em tt c s tu tr gii ca mnh hng v b gii[52] v gio ho tt c chng sanh khin cho h ng c li ch nh mnh, gi l c hai u li ch. Chnh nhn tu tr gii th hoch c s ly dc[53] cho n dt sch ht lu nghip[54], thanh tu ti chnh gic, gi l trang nghim o b . Gii c 3 loi: 1. Thn gii, 2. Khu gii, 3. Tm gii. 1. Tr thn gii th phi la hn tt c hnh ng thuc v st sanh, trm cp v dm dc. Ngha l khng c tc i s sng ca sinh vt cng mng sng ca ngi, khng chim hu ti sn ca ngi v khng xm phm ngoi sc (thn th) ca ngi. Li cng khng v nhng nhn duyn g v bng phng tin g git hi chng sanh; chng dng gy cy, ngi v.v... lm thng hi chng sanh. Nu vt thuc ngi khc c quyn th dng, th d l mt cng c, mt chic l, ngi ta khng cho th khng c ly. Li cng khng nn ngm, lic, ng t sc (sc p quyn r). i vi bn oai nghi phi nghim cung, cn thn, xt on r rng. gi l thn gii.

2. Tr khu gii th phi on tr tt c vng ng, lng thit, c khu v ng. Thng khng dng li di tr, li ly gin ho hp, li ph bng, che bai, li trau chut hoa m, v khng to mi phng tin xc no lng ngi. Li ni phi ch thnh, ho nh v trung tn. Li ni thng em n cho ngi li ch, khuyn ho ngi tu thin. gi l khu gii. 3. Tr tm gii th phi tr dit tham dc, sn hn, t kin, thng tu tm nhu ho, khng to nhng ti li, tin rang tt c nhng nghip ti (t thn, khu, sanh ra) chc chn s cho chng ta qu bo c. Do sc t duy tu m khng to cc iu c, i vi ti nh trong lng phi lo tng nh ti rt nng. Gi nh l gy lm li th phi s st, lo u, sm hi. i vi tt c chng sanh khng bao gi khi lng gin hn, bc bi. Nhn chng sanh bng ci tm thng nh[55]. C ci tm tri n, bo n, ci tm khng nui tic, bn sn, vui lm phc c, thng v ho mi ngi, thng tu tm t, thng xt tt c. gi l tm gii. Trn y l ni mi thin nghip gii. Mi thin nghip gii c 5 iu li ch: 1. Ch ng c hnh. 2. 3. 4. 5. Sanh khi thin tm. Ngn nga phin no. Thnh tu tnh tm. Tng trng gii c.

Nu ngi no kho tu hnh khng phng dt, y chnh nim[56], phn bit thin c, phi bit ngi ny quyt nh c kh nng tu mi thin nghip gii. Tm vn bn ngn oai nghi, v lng gii phm thy u nhip trong mi thin gii. Mi thin gii ny chnh l cn bn ca tt c thin gii. on tr ba nghiep c ca thn, khu, th c th ch ng tt c php bt thin, cho nn gi l gii. Gii c 5 ngha: 1. Ba la mc xoa gii.

2. 3. 4. 5.

nh cng gii. V lu gii. Nhip cn gii. V tc gii.

Sau khi bch t yt ma[57], t gii s m lnh th gii php gi l Ba la mc xoa gii[58]. Cn ban nh[59] ca t thin, cn phn nh ca t thin[60] gi l nh cng gii[61]. Cn bn nh ca t thin, v o cn bn nh ca s thin[62] gi l v lu gii[63]. Thu nhip cc cn, tu chnh nim tm, d kin vn gic tri[64] i vi sc thanh hng v xc, nhng khng sanh phng dt, gi l nhip cn gii[65]. X b thn mng, sanh vo i sau cng khng lm c, gi l v tc gii[66]. Hng b tt tu tr gii th khng chung php hnh vi hng thanh vn, bch chi Pht, cho nn gi l thin tr gii (kho lo tr gii). Thin tr gii th tt nhin c nhng li ch cho tt c chng sanh, nh sau: Tr t tm gii l cu h chng sanh khin c an vui. Tr bi tm gii l nhn th cc kh, cu nguy nan cho chng sanh. Tr h tm gii l khuyn ho chng sanh vui tu thin php, khng c gii i. Tr x tm gii l bnh ng i vi on thn, la lng yu ght. Tr hu th gii l gio ho iu phc chng sanh. Tr nhn nhc gii l tm thng nhu nhuyn, khng sn hn, si m. Tr tinh tn gii th thin nghip ngy cng tng trng, khng thi lui. Tr thin nh gii l ly dc bt thin, tng trng thin chi[67]. Tr tr tu gii l (hc rng) nghe nhiu tng trng thin cn[68], khng bit chn .

Tr thn cn thin tri thc gii l tr gip nhau thnh tu o V thng b . Tr vin ly c tri thc gii l dt la ba ng c v tm ch nn. Ngi theo hnh b tt tu tr tnh gii th khng nng Dc gii, khng gn Sc gii, khng tr V sc gii, gi l thanh tnh gii. X ly dc trn, tr sn hn si m, dit v minh chng, gi l thanh tnh gii. Dt b on kin, thng kin, khng nghch vi l nhn duyn, gi l thanh tnh gii. Khng m trc sc, th, tng, hnh, thc, ton l tng gi danh, gi l thanh tnh gii. Khng rng buc ni nhn, khng khi cc kip chp (phn bit), khng tr nghi hi, gi l thanh tnh gii. Khng tr tham, sn, si: ba mn bt thin cn, gi l thanh tnh gii. Khng tr ng mn[69], kiu mn[70], tng thng mn[71], mn mn[72], i mn[73], nhu ho kho tu thun (chng sanh), gi l thanh tnh gii. i vi thnh suy, c mt, ch khen, kh vui thy u khng dao ng, gi l thanh tnh gii. Khng nhim th vn h vng gi danh, tu thun chn , gi l thanh tnh gii. Chng cn phin no, nng ny, tm thng tch dit ly tng, gi l thanh tnh gii. Ni tm li, b tt tu tr gii th khng tic thn mng, qun chiu v thng, sanh lng nhm la, cn hnh thin cn, dng mnh tinh tn, gi l thanh tnh gii. Hng b tt ma ha tt tu hnh tr gii th khng thy tm mnh thanh tnh, do v ly tng. y gi l y Thi la ba la mt.

---o0o--Phm 6: Sng ba la mt Hng b tt tu hnh nhn nhc nh th no? Hng b tt tu hnh nhn nhc l v li mnh, li ngi v c hai u li ch. S nhn nhc nh vy c kh nng trang nghim o b . B tt v mun iu phc chng sanh khin la kh no m tu nhn nhc. Ngi tu hnh nhn nhc th tm thng khim ha, i vi tt c chng sanh cang cng, kiu mn th tha th m khng chp trch, thy k nguy c th lun khi lng thng xt. Li ni thng nhu nhuyn, khuyn ho ngi tu thin, phn bit gii ni v qu bo sai khc ca s sn hn v s ho nhn. y gi l hng b tt s pht tm tu hnh nhn nhc. Do tu nhn nhc m xa la cc iu c, thn tm an lc, gi l t li. Hng dn chng sanh bit song ho thun vi nhau, gi l li tha. Tu tp (nhn nhc) hng ngy a n thnh tu v thng nhn nhc, gio ho chng sanh ng c li ch nh mnh, gi l c hai u li ch. Chnh nhn tu nhn nhc th thnh tu c (qu bo thn tm) oan chnh, ngi thy sanh lng cung knh, cho n khi thnh Pht c tng ho thng diu, gi l trang nghim o b . Nhn nhc c 3 hnh thi: 1. Thn nhn, 2. Khu nhn, 3. nhn. 1. Th no l thn nhn? Nu c ngi sanh lng c n bc bch, hu nhc, nh p thm ch lm thng hi ta m vn c th nhn chu tt c. Thy cc chng sanh b c hip, s hi th sn sng ly thn chu thay (kh no) cho h[74] m tm khng mi mt, tr hon. y gi l thn nhn. 2. Th no l khu nhn? Nu c ngi n mng chi ta th nn lng nhn chu, khng lng chng tr. Nu c ngi phi l n trch mng, ta cn dng li n ho m thun theo. Nu c ngi vu khng ngang ngc, hu bng thm t, ta u phi nhn chu. y gi l khu nhn. 3. The no l nhn? Nu c ngi sn si vi ta, khng m lng hn gin. Nu c ngi xc no ta, tm vn khng dao ng. Nu c ngi cng kch, hu nhc ta, lng khng on trch. y gi l nhn.

 th gian, s nh p c 2 trng hp: 1. S tht. 2. Ngang ngc. 1. Nu mnh c lm li, b ngi him nghi, b ngi nh p, ta phi nhn chu nh ung nc cam l. i vi ngi cn phi sanh lng cung knh, s d ngi lm nh vy l v kho rn dy, iu phc ta, khin ta t b cc lm li vy. 2. Nu c k ngang ngc vi c tm lm thng tn ta, th phi t suy ngh, ta nay khng ti, y chnh l tc nghip i qu kh chiu cm cho nn phi nhn chu. Li phi suy ngh, thn ny do t i gi hp, ng m duyn hi, th ai l ngi chu nh? Li qun suy ngi trc mt nh ta l ngi si, ngi cung, ta phi thng xt h, sao li khng nhn? Li na, ngi nhc m cng c 2 hng: 1. S tht, 2. H di. 1. Nu ngi ni ln s tht, ta phi sanh lng h thn.

2. Nu ngi ni li h di, vic v can vi ta, th coi nh ting vang, gi thong, khng lm tn hi ta c, nhng vn phi nhn. Li na, i vi ngi sn hn cng vy. Ngi kia trt tt c gin d ln ta, ta phi nhn chu. Nu ta gin d li vi ngi kia th i v lai phi o c o, chu i kh no. Do nhn duyn nh vy, thn ta d b ct xo phn ly cng khng khi lng sn hn, (tri li) cn phi qun st su xa nhn duyn nghip i trc, phi tu tp lng t bi, thng xt tt c. Vic kh nh nh vy m ta khng c kh nng nhn, tc l khng c kh nng t iu phc tm, th lm sao c kh nng iu phc chng sanh, khin chng sanh c gii thot tt c c php, thnh tu qu V thng. Nu c ngi tr, a tu nhn nhc th ngi c dung mo oan chnh, ti bo sung tc, ngi khc thy sanh lng hoan h, cung knh, ngng m, phc tng. Li phi qun st, nu c ngi hnh dng hung d, nhan sc xu c, cc cn khng , ti vt tng thiu, phi bit l do nhn duyn sn hn trc kia m nay phi nh vy. V hiu bit nhn duyn nh vy m bc tr quyt tu tp nhn nhc mt cch thm su. Nhn duyn pht sanh nhn nhc c 10 s: 1. Khng qun suy tng ng v ng s.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Khng ngh v chng tnh (giai cp). Ph tr lng kiu mn. iu c n vi mnh khng cn chng tr. Qun tng s v thng. Tu tp tm t bi. Tm khng phng dt. B ra ngoi s i kht, kh vui ... (ca bn thn). on tr sn hn.

10. Tu tp tr tu. Nu ngi no c th thnh tu c 10 s nh vy, nn bit ngi c kh nng tu nhn nhc. Khi hng b tt ma ha tt tu thanh tnh tt cnh (rt ro) nhn, tc l khi ng nhp khng, v tng, v nguyn, v tc[75], th khng cho kin, gic, nguyn, tc[76] ho hp. Cng khng dnh mc khng, v tng, v nguyn, v tc, nn kin, gic, nguyn, tc thy u khng. Php nhn nh vy l php v nh tng (khng kt ni hai tng), gi l thanh tnh tt cnh nhn[77]. Nu vo tn kt[78], nu vo tch dit, th khng cho ch kt v sanh t ho hp. Cng khng dnh mc tn kt v tch dit, nn ch kt v sanh t thy u khng. Php nhn nh vy l php v nh tng, gi l thanh tnh tt cnh nhn. Nu (php) tnh chng phi t sanh, khng t tha sanh, chng phi ho hp sanh, cng khng t u n, khng th ph hoi; v khng th ph hoi nn khng cng tn. Php nhn nh vy l php v nh tng, gi l thanh tnh tt cnh nhn.

Khng lm nhng cng khng c vic g khng lm, khng dnh mc vic lm, khng phn bit, khng trang nghim, khng sa i, khng khi pht, n i. Rt li l khng to tc, sanh khi g c. Php nhn nh vy gi l v sanh nhn[79]. Hng b tt tu hnh php nhn nh vy th c th k nhn. Hng b tt ma ha tt tu hnh nhn nhc d l tnh hay tng cng rt ro khng, v (khng thy mnh nhn,) khng thy c chng sanh (l i tng nhn). y gi l y php sng ba la mt vy. ---o0o---

Quyn H
Thin Thn b tt to lun i Diu Tn, ngi tam tng php s Cu Ma La Thp dch Qung Minh dch Pht B Tm Lun Phm 7: T l da ba la mt Hng b tt tu hnh tinh tn nh th no? Hng b tt tu hnh tinh tn l v li mnh, li ngi v c hai u li ch. Tinh tn nh vy th c th trang nghim o b . B tt v mun iu phc chng sanh khin cho chng sanh la xa kh no m tu tinh tn. Ngi tu tinh tn th trong tt c mi thi thng sing tu tp phn hnh [80]thanh tnh, la b tm bing nhc, gi tm khng cho phng dt, tm thng tinh cn trn khng thi chuyn i vi nhng vic kh khn, vic khng li ch (cho mnh v ngi). y gi l b tt s pht tm tu tinh tn. Do tu tinh tn m thnh tu thin php th gian v qu thng diu xut th gian, gi l li mnh. Gio ho chng sanh khin cho h sing nng tu thin, gi l li ngi. em s tu tp chnh nhn b ca mnh m gio ho chng sanh khin h ng c li ch nh mnh, gi l c hai u li ch.

Do chnh nhn tu tinh tn m thnh tu Chuyn thng thanh tnh diu qu[81], siu xut cc a[82], cho n mau thnh chnh gic, gi l trang nghim o b . Tinh tn c 2 l do pht khi: 1. 2. V cu o V thng. V rng mun cu cc kh no ca chng sanh.

B tt phi thnh tu 10 nim mi c th pht tm cn hnh tinh tn. Mi nim nh th no? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Nim Pht, (v Pht c) v lng cng c[83]. Nim php, (v php c cng nng) gii thot bt t ngh[84]. Nim tng, (v tng c ngha l) thanh tnh, v nhim[85]. Nim hnh i t, v an lp chng sanh. Nim hnh i bi, v cu t cc kh. Nim chnh nh t[86], v khuyn vui tu thin. Nim t nh t[87], v cu chng sanh khin tr v bn th. Nim loi ng qu i kht, nhit no. Nim loi sc sanh chu hoi cc kh.

10. Nim cnh a ngc chu thiu t. B tt phi t duy 10 nim nh vay: cng c Tam bo ta nn tu tp; t bi, chnh nh t ta nn khuyn gng; chng sanh t nh, ba ng c kh ta nn cu . T duy nh vy, chuyn nim khng lon, ngy m cn tu, khng c dng b. y gi l kh nng pht khi chnh nim tinh tn. B tt tinh tn li c 4 vic, ngha l tu hnh bn cch chnh cn:

1. 2. 3. 4.

c php cha sanh, ngn nga khng cho sanh khi. c php sanh, phi sm on tr. Thin php cha sanh, to mi phng tin lm cho sanh khi. Thin php sanh, tu tp thm ln y rng.

B tt tu bn cch chnh cn nh vy khng c dng ngh, y gi l tinh tn. Cn tu tinh tn th c th ph tr c tt c phin no gii, tng trng chnh nhn V thng b . B tt nu c kh nng chu ng tt c kh ln ni thn tm v v mun an lp chng sanh m tu hnh khng mt mi, y gi l tinh tn. B tt xa la c thi[88], thi dua nnh quanh co, t tinh tn tu chnh tinh tn, ngha l tu chnh tn, b th, tr gii, nhn nhc, thin nh, tr tu [89], t bi h x. Nhng vic mun lm, lm, ang lm, phi ht lng lm, tinh cn thc thi, khng c hi tic. i vi cc thin php v vic cu kh chng sanh th coi nh vic cu la chy u, tm khng thi chuyn, y gi l tinh tn. B tt du khng tic thn mng, nhng nu v cu vt cc kh, cu h chnh php th phi cn trn qi n, khng b oai nghi, thng tu thin php. Khi tu thin php, tm khng gii i; khi mt thn mng, khng b chnh php. y gi l b tt tu o b , cn hnh tinh tn. Ngi bing nhc th khng khi no c th lm c vic b th, khng th tr gii, nhn nhc cc kh, cn hnh tinh tn, nhip tm nim nh, phn bit thin c. Cho nn ni rng, su php ba la mt do tinh tn m c tng trng. Nu hng b tt ma ha tt tu tp tinh tn lm duyn t tng thng th c th mau c V thng chnh ng chnh gic. B tt pht i trang nghim (b ) m pht khi tinh tn, c 4 nguyn do: 1. 2. 3. Pht i trang nghim. Tch t mnh m. Tu cc thin cn.

4.

Gio ho chng sanh.

B tt pht i trang nghim nh th no? i vi cc ng sanh t, tm thng kham nhn, khng k kip s. D tri qua v lng v bin trm ngn vn c na do tha hng h sa a tng k kip mi thnh Pht o, th tm cng khng mt mi. y gi l hnh khng gii i v trang nghim (b ). B tt mun tch t mnh m m pht khi tinh tn. Nu la d y trong ci tam thin i thin th gii, nhng v thy Pht, v nghe php, v an tr chng sanh ni thin php, th cn phi t trong la d kia m vt qua. V mun iu phc chng sanh m tm kho an tr trong i bi. y gi l tinh tn mnh m. B tt mun tu tp thin cn m pht khi tinh tn. Tt c thin cn c pht khi u v hi hng V thng chnh ng chnh gic, v mun thnh tu nht thit tr[90]. y gi l tinh tn tu tp thin cn. B tt mun gio ho chng sanh m pht khi tinh tn. Chng tnh ca chng sanh khng th tnh k, v lng v bin, bng h khng gii. B tt lp th rng, ta s h khng c thiu st. B tt v mun ho chng sanh m cn hnh tinh tn. y gi l tinh tn gio ho chng sanh. Tm li m ni, b tt tu tr o cng c, tr v thng tr tu, tu tp Pht php m pht khi tinh tn. Nhng cng c ca Pht th v lng v bin, b tt ma ha tt pht i trang nghim, tu hnh tinh tn cng li nh vy, v lng v bin. B tt ma ha tt tu hnh tinh tn, chng ri dc tm[91] l v cu vt cc kh. y gi l y T l da ba la mt. ---o0o--Phm 8: Thin na ba la mt Hng b tt tu tp thin nh nh th no? Hng b tt tu tp thin nh v li mnh, li ngi v c hai u li ch. Tu tp thin nh nh vy th c th trang nghim o b . B tt v mun iu phc chng sanh khin chng sanh xa la kh no m tu tp thin nh. Ngi tu thin nh phi kho nhip tm mnh, tt c lon

tng khng cho vng khi. Khi i ng ngi nm phi buc s nh ngh ca mnh ni hin cnh[92]. Qun st thun nghch t u lu, c, xng sng, cnh tay, khuu tay, ngc, xng sn, xng chu, xng i, cng chn, cho n mt c chn, tu tp An ban s tc[93]. y gi l b tt ban u tu tp nh tm. Tu thin nh th khng tip nhn cc iu c, tm thng an vui, gi l t li. Gio ho chng sanh khin h tu chnh nim, gi l li tha. Do ch tu thanh tnh tam mui ca mnh m la c cc c gic qun[94], gio ho chng sanh khin h ng li ch nh mnh, gi l c hai u li ch. Do chnh nhn tu thin nh m thu hoch c bt gii thot[95], cho n chng c Th lng nghim tam mui[96], Kim cang tam mui[97], gi l trang nghim o b . Thin nh do 3 php m sanh khi. Th no l ba? 1. 2. 3. Vn tu. T tu. Tu tu.

T ba php ny dn dn sanh khi tt c tam mui. Th no l vn tu? i vi gio php c nghe, tm thng vui thch (tip nhn). Li khi nim rng, cc php v ngi gii thot ... ca Pht u do a vn m c thnh tu. Khi nim ny ri, trong tt c thi gian cu php cng thm tinh cn, ngy m thng a nghe php, khng c chn . y gi l vn tu. Th no l t tu? Suy nim, qun st cc php hu vi nh tht tng (ca n), ngha l cc php th v thng, kh, khng, v ng, bt tnh, nim nim sanh dit, khng lu s h hoi. Chng sanh b rng buc trong lo bun, kh no, yu ght, ch v la tham sn si thiu t, ri chng cht thm ln kh no i sau. Tt c u khng c tht tnh, cng nh huyn ho. Thy nh vy ri, i vi tt ca cc php hu vi lin sanh tm chn ngn mun thot ly, do vy cng thm tinh cn cu tr tu Pht. V suy ngh rng, tr tu ca Nh lai khng th ngh bn, khng th so lng, c th lc ln, khng ai hn c, nh nng lc ho lm mt ci thnh ln em n s

khng s, s yn n, khng cn mun lui v[98], nh nng lc cu v lng kh no cho chng sanh. Bit nh vy thi thy Pht c v lng tr v thy php hu vi l v lng kh no, v th pht khi ch nguyn thng cu i tha v thng. y gi l t hu. Th no l tu tu? T khi bt u tu bch ct qun[99] cho n khi thnh V thng chnh ng chnh gic, u gi l tu hu. Ly dc, ly bt thin php[100], c gic c qun[101], h lc do ly dc sanh[102], nhp vo s thin. Dit gic v qun (ca s thin), ni tm thanh tnh, nh tm li mt ch, khng gic khng qun[103], vi h v lc do nh sanh[104], nhp vo nh thin. V ly h nh thin m hnh x[105], tm nim an ni tue [106], thn cm lc th, mt trng thi m cc bc hin thnh tuyn b rng ngi c th xa, thng sng trong chnh nim, tr trong an lc [107], nhp vo tam thin. Vi s on kh on lc[108], vi s dit tr t trc ca u h[109], bt kh bt lc [110], c s thanh tnh ca nim nh x[111], nhp vo t thin. Vt qua tt c sc tng, dit tt c tng c tnh ngn ngi[112], khng ngh nh tt c tng d bit, bit (thn v cnh nh) h khng vo bin, lin nhp H khng v sc nh x[113]. Vt qua tt c h khng tng, bit khng c (bin gii ca) thc, lin nhp V sc thc nh x[114]. Vt qua tt c thc tng, bit khng c s hu[115], lin nhp V s hu V sc nh x[116]. Vt qua tt c ci khng c s hu, bit chng phi c tng, chng phi khng tng, an n, lin nhp V sc phi hu tng, phi v tng x [117]. Ch tu thun gio php m tu hnh[118] nhng khng a m[119], cu v thng tha, thnh ti chnh gic. y gi l tu hu. B tt t vn, t, tu hu ny ma tinh cn nhip tm th c th thnh tu Thng minh thin[120], cc tam mui v thin na ba la mt. Li na, b tt tu nh li c 10 php hnh, khng ging php hnh ca hng thanh vn, bch chi Pht. Nhng g l 10? 1. Tu nh l khng c ci ng ti y, v y cc php thin nh ca Nh lai. 2. Tu nh l khng vng mc, v x ly nhim tm, khng cu an vui cho mnh. 3. Tu nh l cc thng nghip[121], v bit cc tm hnh [122]ca chng sanh.

4. 5.

Tu nh l bit cc loi tm tnh, v thot tt c chng sanh. Tu nh l thc hnh i bi, v on tr phin no kt.

6. Tu nh l tu cc thin tam mui, v phi kho bit nhp xut, vt khi tam gii. 7. Tu nh l thng c t ti, v y ht thy thin php.

8. Tu nh l tm mnh tch dit, v hn hn cc thin tam mui ca nh tha. 9. Tu nh l thng ng nhp tr tu, v vt qua cc php th gian n b gic kia. 10. Tu nh l c kh nng lm cho chnh php hng thnh, v tip ni rng r ngi tam bo, khng cho on tuyt. Php hnh tu nh nh vy l khng ging php hnh tu nh ca hng thanh vn, bch chi Pht. Li na, v mun bit tt c phin no, tm tng ca chng sanh nn tu tp cac php thin nh tr thnh tr tm, thin nh ny tr bnh ng tm, gi l nh. Bnh ng nh nh vy tc l bnh ng ni khng, v tng, v nguyn, v tc. Khng, v tng, v nguyn, v tc bnh ng th chng sanh bnh ng. Chng sanh bnh ng th cc php bnh ng. Th nhp cc php bnh ng nh vy gi l nh. Li na, b tt lc nhp th tu hnh nhng khng tp nhim th gian, khi x th nhp php th dit tt c kt s, xa la ch n no, a mt mnh. B tt tu hnh thien nh nh vy th tm an, dng tr, la xa th s. Li na, b tt tu nh c y cc php thng, tr, phng tin v tu. Th no l thng? Th no l tr? Khi thy sc tng, khi nghe m thanh, bit c tm ngi, nh c qu kh, c th i n khp cc th gii ch Pht, y gi l thng. Bit sc tc php tnh[123], hiu r m thanh, tm hnh, bit tnh tng tch dit, ba i bnh ng, bit th gii ch Pht ng nh h khng tng, chng c qu chng dit tn, y gi l tr. Th no la phng tin? Th no l tu? Khi nhp thin nh, khi i t bi, khng

x th nguyn, tm nh kim cang, qun st th gii ca ch Pht trang nghim b o trng. y gi l phng tin. Tm thng vng lng, khng thy c ng, khng thy c chng sanh, t duy th tnh ca cc php vn khng lon ng, thy th gii ch Pht ng vi h khng, qun ch trang nghim ng vi tch dit. y gi l tu. y gi b tt tu hnh thin nh. Thng, tr, phng tin, tu l bn php sai khc, nhng neu cng thc hnh c bn th c gn vi qu v V thng chnh ng chnh gic. B tt ma ha tt tu hnh thin nh khong cn tha c tm[124], v bit cc php vn bt ng. y gi l y thin na ba la mt. ---o0o--Phm 9: Bt Nh Ba La Mt Hng b tt tu tp tr tu nh th no? Hng b tt tu tp tr tu v li mnh, li ngi v c hai u li ch. Tu tp tr tu nh vy th c th trang nghim o b . B tt v mun iu phc chng sanh khin la kh no m tu tp tr tu. Ngi tu tp tr tu tt yu phi hc tt c vic th gian, phi x tham sn si, thit lp t tm, thng xt lm li ch cho tt c chng sanh, thng ngh vic cu gip chng sanh m lm ngi dn ng, co th phn bit ni r chnh o, t o, thin bo, c bo. y gi l b tt ban u tu tp tr tu. Do tu tr tu m xa la v minh, tr c phin no chng v tr tu chng[125], gi l t li. (Dng tr tu) gio ho chng sanh khin h t iu phc tm, gi l li tha. em s tu tp (tr tu) hng v V thng b ca mnh, gio ho chng sanh khin h ng c li ch nh mnh, gi l c hai u li ch. Do chnh nhn tu tp tr tu m chng c s a cho n tt b nh tr[126], gi l trang nghim o b . B tt tu hnh tr tu c 20 tm m c th t t thit lp. Hai mi tm nh th no? 1. Tm pht khi thin dc [127], thn cn thin hu.

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Tm x ly kiu mn, khng cho phng dt. Tm tu thun gio ho, vui thch nghe php. Tm nghe php khng chn, kho lo suy t. Tm hnh t phm hnh[128], tu tp chnh tr[129]. Tm qun bt tnh hnh[130], nim chn la. Tm qun t chn , sanh 16 thnh tm[131]. Tm qun 12 nhn duyn, tu tp minh tu[132]. Tm nghe cc ba la mt, nh mun tu tp.

10. Tm qun v thng, kh, khng, v ng, tch dit. 11. Tm qun khng, v tng, v nguyn, v tc. 12. Tm qun m, gii, nhp, c nhiu ti li. 13. Tm hng phc phin no, chng phi ngi bn ng hnh. 14. Tm gn gi cc thin php, nh l ngi bn ng hnh. 15. Tm kim ch c php, mun on tr hn. 16. Tm tu tp chnh php, mong thm rng ln. 17. Tm tuy tu php nh tha, thng a x ly. 18. Tm nghe b tt tng, vui v phng hnh. 19. Tm li mnh li ngi, tu thun tng tin cc thin nghip. 20. Tm nm gi hnh chn tht, cu tt c Pht php.

Li na, b tt tu hnh tr tu li c 10 php kho t duy, khng cng vi php tu ca hng thanh vn, bch chi Pht. Mi php nh th no? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. T duy phn bit cn bn nh v cn bn tu[133]. T duy khng c x on thng nh bin[134]. Tu duy nhn duyn sanh khi cc php. T duy v ng, v nhn, v chng sanh, v th gi[135]. T duy cc php khng c ba i: qu kh, v lai, hin ti.

6. Tu duy khng pht khi g c, khng tu hnh g c, nhng khng on nhn qu. 7. T duy cc php vn khng nhng phi trng thin cn, khng bing nhc. 8. 9. T duy v tng nhng vn chng sanh khng b st. T duy v nguyn nhng li cu b khng la xa.

10. T duy v tc m hin ti th thn khng chi b.

Li na, b tt li c 12 php mn kho nhp. Nhng g l mi hai? 1. Kho nhp khng, v tng, v nguyn tam mui[136] nhng khng th chng. 2. 3. 4. 5. Kho nhp cc thin tam mui nhng chng tu thin sanh[137]. Kho nhp cc thng tr nhng khng chng php v lu. Kho nhp php ni qun nhng khng chng quyt nh[138]. Kho nhp qun tt c chng sanh khng tch nhng khng x i t.

6. 7. 8. 9.

Kho nhp qun tt c chng sanh v ng nhng khng x i bi. Kho nhp sanh vo c th nhng chng phi do nghip lc sanh. Kho nhp ly dc nhng chng chng php ly dc. Kho nhp x dc lc nhng khng x php lc.

10. Kho nhp x tt c h lun[139], cc s hiu bit nhng khng x phng tin v cc php qun. 11. Kho nhp suy t php hu vi nhiu ti kh, nhng khng xhu vi. 12. Kho nhp php v vi thanh tnh vin ly, nhng khng tr v vi. B tt c th tu tp tt c thin nhp php mn tc l c th kho ng gii ci khng, ci v s hu ca ba i. Qun c nh vy gi l qun tam th khng, l c sc tr tu vy. ni ba i ch Pht m gieo trng v lng cng c, thy u em hi hng V thng b , y gi l b tt kho qun tam th phng tin. Li na, qun php qu kh qua v khng th i n v lai, nhng thng tu thin cn, tinh cn khng gii i. Qun php v lai tuy cha sanh khi nhng khng b tinh tn, nguyn hng b . Qun php hin ti tuy nim nim sanh diet nhng khng qun tm mnh, pht nguyn hng v b . y gi l b tt tu qun tam th phng tin, rng: qu kh dit, v lai cha n, hin ti khng dng. Qun nh vy cng c ngha l qun st v tm vng, tm s lun sanh dit, tan hoi, nhng thng khng b vic tch cha thin cn v cc php tr b . y gi l b tt tu qun tam th phng tin. Li na, b tt qun tt c thin, bt thin, ng, v ng, tht, bt tht, khng, bt khng, th , chn , chnh nh, t nh, hu vi, v vi, hu lu, v lu, hc php, bch php, sanh t, nit bn, ton l th tnh nh th ca php gii: nht tng, v tng, v trong khng c php v no c th gi l vo tng, cng khng c php hu no lm v tng[140]. y gi ht thy php n l bt kh hoi n. trong php n y cng khng c ci tng ca n, gi l chn tht tr tu, phng tin, bt nh ba la mt. B tt ma ha tt pht b tm nn hc nh vy, nn hnh nh vy. Hnh c

nh vy lin gn vi qu v V thng chnh ng chnh gic. B tt ma ha tt tu hnh tr tu m tm v s hnh[141], v php tnh vn thanh tnh. y gi l y bt nh ba la mt. ---o0o--Phm 10: Nh Tht Php Mn Nu thin nam t, thin n nhn tu tp su ba la mt cu V thng chnh ng chnh gic th phi xa la by php. Nhng g l by? 1. La c tri thc. c tri thc l ngi dy ta la b thng tn, thng dc, thng tinh tn, ch hun tp cc tp hnh. 2. La n sc, tham m, ham mun, nhng thi quen ca ngi i, nhng vn cng lm vic vi h. 3. La nhng c gic, khng nn nhn ngm hnh dung ca mnh, sanh tm tham tic, qu trng, say m, c gi gn n v cho rng c th gi gn c lu. 4. La s gin d, bc ng, ghen ght, gy ra tranh ci v lm hi lon thin tm ngi khc. 5. La tm phong dt, kiu mn, bing nhc, mnh c cht iu thin m khinh mit ngi khc. 6. La nhng sch lun ngoi o, vn chng th tc, li l trau chut. Chng phi li Pht dy th khng nn ca ngi. 7. Khng nn gn gi t kin, c kin.

By php nh vy phi nn xa la. c Pht dy rng, s khng tm thy mt php no khc chng su Pht o ngoi by php ny. Cho nn b tt cn phi xa la. Nu mun mau chng V thng b th phi tu by php. Nhng g l by?

1. B tt nn gn gi thin tri thc. Thin tri thc chnh l ch Pht v ch b tt. Nu c v thanh vn hay ngi no c th dy cho ngi ang tu b tt o tr su vao php tng (ca b tt) v cc php ba la mt th cng gi l thin tri thc b tt vy. 2. B tt cn phi gn gi hng xut gia, cng phi gn gi chn a lan nh, la khi n sc va cc ham mun. Tuy khng tp nhim thi i nhng vn tu vic cng tc. 3. B tt cn phi t qun thn mnh nh phn t, nh nhp loi, tp hp ca gi lnh, mu nng[142], khng th tham m, ngy qua n cht, nn ngh chn la, tinh cn tu o. 4. B tt cn phi thng hnh ho nhn, cung knh, nhu thun, cng phi khuyn ha mi ngi tr vo php nhn. 5. B tt cn phi tu tp tinh tn, thng sanh h thn, knh th s trng, thng xt k ngho cng h ng, thy ngi b nguy khn em thn chu thay. 6. B tt cn phi tu tp cc phap phng ng i tha v b tt tng, th tr, c tng nhng php c Pht ca ngi. 7. B tt cn phi gn gi tu tp nht ngha , ngha l tht tng ca cc php l nht tng[143], v tng[144]. Nu hng b tt mun mau chng chng V thng b th phi gn gi by php nh vy. Li na, nu ngi pht b tm, em ch s c ca mnh c c trong v lng a tng k kip tu tp cc php nh: t bi, h x, b th, tr gii, nhn nhc, tinh tn, thin nh, tr tu, th phi bit ngi o cha la sanh t, khng hng b . V sao vy? V h cn ci tm thy c s c v cn ci thy th c: thy m, gii, nhp, thy ng, thy nhn, thy chng sanh, thy th mng, thy t bi h x, thy b th, tr gii, nhn nhc, tinh tn, thin nh, tr tu v cc kin chp khc. Tm yu m ni, cn ci thy Pht php tng v ci thy nit bn. Ci thy c th c nh vy l cn tm chp trc. Chp trc cung gi l t kin. V sao ni nh vy? L v ngi t kin b lun chuyn trong tam gii, trn khng bao gi ra khi tam

gii. Ngi chp trc cng li nh vy, trn khng bao gi ra khi s chp tng sai bit, khng th thnh tu v thng b . Nu ngi pht b tm th cn phai qun st ci tm khng tng. Nhng g l tm? Sao gi l v tng? Tm l (tm) thc, tc l thc m, nhp v gii[145]. Tm khng tng l tm khng c tng ca tm, cng khng c tc gi[146]. V sao vy? Tng ca tm l khng, khng c tc gi, khng khin ai l tc gi. Nu khng c tc gi th khng c tng lm ra. Nu b tt hiu r php nh vy th i vi tt c cc php khng c chp trc. Do khng c chp trc nn i vi cc php thin c, hiu r khng c qu bo (thin c). Tu tp tm t th hiu rng khng c ng. Tu tp tm bi th hiu rng khng c chng sanh. Tu tp tm h th hiu rng khng c mng gi[147]. Tu tp tm x th hiu rng khng c nhn. Tuy hnh b th nhng khng thy c vt b th. Tuy hnh tr gii nhng khng thy tm mnh thanh tnh. Tuy hnh nhn nhc nhng khng thy c chng sanh nhn nhc. Tuy hnh tinh tn nhng khng c tm ly dc. Tuy hnh thin nh nhng khng c tm tr c. Tuy hnh tr tu m tm v s hnh. trong tt c duyn (tu tp) u c tr tu nhng khng chp trc vo tr tu, khng c th c tr tu, khng thy mnh c tr tu. Hnh gi tu hnh tr tu nh vy, khng thy c tu, khng g chng tu, v gio ho chng sanh hin hnh lc m ni tm thanh tnh. Hnh gi kho tu tm mnh nh vy th trong khong mt nim trng thin cn, phc c qu bo v lng v bin, trm ngn mun c a tng k kip khng th cng tn, t nhin c gn qu v V thng chnh ng chnh gic. ---o0o--Phm 11: Khng V Tng Thu trc, by gi c Pht trong rng trc Ca lan cng vi hng i chng nhiu v lng tp hi. Khi , c Th tn tuyn by chnh php, ngi bo i chng rng: Nh lai ni v c tnh v tnh[148], khng[149], v s hu[150] ca cc php. Tt c th gian i vi nhng c tnh ny ca cc php rt kh tin, kh hiu. V sao vy? Sc khng tri buc vo ci g nn cng khng ci m. Th, tng, hnh, thc cng khng tri buc v khng ci m. Sc l v tng[151], ly cc tng[152]. Th, tng, hnh, thc l v tng, ly cc tng. Sac l v

nim[153], ly cc nim[154]. Th, tng, hnh, thc l v nim, ly cc nim. Nhn v sc, nh v thanh, t v hng, thit v v, thn v xc, v php, cng li nh vy. Khng ly, khng b, khng d, khng sch, khng n, khng i, khng trc, khng sau, khng ti, khng sng, khng si m, khng tr tu, chng c b bn ny, chng c b bn kia, cng chng c dng nc khong gia hai b, chnh gi l khng tri buc. V khng tri buc, nn gi l khng. Khng gi l v tng. V tng cng khng, nn gi l khng. Khng l v nim. V nim cng khng, nn gi l khng. nim v khng cng khng, nn gi l khng[155]. Trong khng, khng c thin, khng c c, cho n cng khng c khng tng, nn gi l khng. B tt nu bit nh vy tc l bit tnh ca m, gii, nhp, th khng c th chp, chnh gi l php nhn. B tt do php nhn ny m c th k nhn. Cc ngi con Pht, v nh c ngi nga mt ln tri m vit vo h khng, chp ht 12 b kinh[156] ca Nh lai, tri qua v lng kip. Khi Pht php dit, ngi cu php khng thy, khng nghe chnh php, m ch thy, ch nghe chng sanh in o, to ti khng cng. Li c mt ngi tr tu thanh tnh t phng xa, thng xt chng sanh, mun rng cu Pht php, nn i n ni ny, thy trong h khng c vn t chp rt r rng, th lin bit ngay, ri c tng v th tr. Ngi ng theo li kinh chp m tht hnh, ging rng phn bit cho chng sanh c li ch. Ngi chp vn t vo h khng v ngi thy bit trong h khng c vn t mi c th mt bit vi nhau, c th truyn thng vi nhau, ri tu tp, th tr m hng dn chng sanh khin la nhng tri buc. Cc ngi con Pht, c Pht dy rng, lc i qu kh, khi cn cu o b , Ngi c gp 33 c 9 vn 8 ngn c Pht. Lc by gi Ngi lm Chuyn lun thnh vng, em tt c nhc kh cng dng cc c Pht v cc chng t. V Ngi cn thy c ch s c nn khng c cc c Pht th k. Sau Ngi li gp 8 vn 4 ngn c 9 vn Bch chi Pht, cng em t s[157] m sut i cng dng. Qua y ri, Ngi li gp 620 vn 1261 c Pht. Lc by gi, Ngi u lm Chuyn lun thanh vng, em tt c nhc kh m sut i cng dng. Sau khi cc c Pht dit li xy thp bng by bu cng dng x li. Sau c cc c Pht ra i, Ngi u phng ngng, khuyn thnh chuyn php lun v cng dng. C trm ngn vn c c Pht nh vy ra i. Cc c Nh lai ny u tr

trong php khng m ni cc php tng. Do Ngi cn c ch s c nn cng khng c th k. Ln lt nh vy cho n khi gp c c Pht Nhin ng ra i, thy Pht, nghe php, lin chng c ht thy v sanh php nhn. c php nhn ny ri mi c Pht Nhin ng th k. c Nh lai Nhin ng tr trong php khng din ni cc php tng, thot v lng trm ngn chng sanh, nhng khng thy c i tng din ni, khng c i tng thot. c Thch Ca Mu Ni Th tn hin ra ni i, tr trong php khng, din ni bng vn t khai th, gio ho li ch cho chng sanh c vui mng, u c tip nhn m tu hnh, nhng Ngi khng thy c khai th, khng thy c chng sanh tip nhn. Phi bit php tnh, php tng y rt ro khng. Ngi chp vn t vo h khng cng khng, ngi bit trong h khng c vn t cng khng. Ngi thuyt php cng khng, ngi hiu php cng khng. T xa nay l khng, v lai cng khng, hin ti cng khng. Tuy vy cc b tt nh tch tp vn thin, phng tin lc, tinh cn khng gii i m thnh tu cng c vin mn, c qu v V thng chnh ng chnh gic. Php khng ny tht rt l kh (ng nhp), khng th ngh bn. Tr trong php v m ni cc php tng, trong ch v c[158] m ni php hu c. Nhng vic trn y u l cnh gii ca ch Pht, phi dng v lng tr mi c th hiu ni (cht phn), chng phi ch suy lng m bit ht c. B tt mi pht , het lng knh ngng, vui thch b , do tin li Pht m dn dn c kh nng ng nhp (cnh gii ca ch Pht). V sao gi l tn? Tn qun t , tr cc phin no vng kin tht buc, c A la hn. Tn qun thp nh nhn duyn, dit tr v minh sanh khi cc hnh, c Bch chi Pht. Tn tu t v lng tm, lc ba la mt, c V thng chnh ng chnh gic. y gi l Tn nhn. Chng sanh t v th n nay b trm lun sanh t l do vng tng, chp trc, khng thy c php tnh, th trc phi qun st t thn do ng un ho hp, chng sanh ch l gi danh; v t thn l v ng nn cng khng c chng sanh. V sao vy? Nu tht c ng th ng phi t ti, nhng chng sanh thng b sanh gi bnh cht n xm hi, khng c t ti, do bit rng v ng. V ng tc l v tc gi. V tc gi th cng v th gi. Php tnh l thanh tnh, nh tht thng tr. Qun st nh vy cha c rt ro th gi l Thun nhn. B tt tu Tn nhn v Thun nhn ri th khng bao lu s thnh tu Ti thng php nhn[159].

---o0o--Phm 12: Cng c Tr B tt tu hnh y tm v tng, nhng tm cha tng tr ni tc nghip, ngha l b tt oi vi cc nghip tng, bit m c lm. B tt v tu thin cn, cu b nn khng x hu vi; v cc chng sanh tu tm i bi nn khng tr v vi; v nht thit chn diu tr ca Pht nn khng x sanh t; v v bin chng sanh khin khng cn d nn khng tr nit bn. y chnh l hng b tt ma ha tt thm tm cu V thng chnh ng chnh gic. Cc ngi con Pht, b tt thnh tu 10 php sau y th trn khng thi tht o V thng b . Nhng g l mi? 1. B tt thm tn pht tm cu V thng b , gio ho chng sanh cng pht tm nh vy. 2. Thng a thy Pht, em nhng vt qu bu ca mnh dng ln cng dng ch Pht su trng thin cn. 3. V cu php nn em tm tn knh cng dng php s, nghe php khng chn. 4. Nu thy cc thy t kheo ph Tng[160] hai b chng[161] gy chuyn, tranh ci ln nhau, gy ti li cho nhau, th phi cn cu mi phng tin cho hai bn ho hp. 5. Nu thy quc no t c cng tng, Pht php mun hoi, th phi thng c tng, gii ni chnh php, nhn n mt bi k, cho chnh php khng on dt, chuyn tm h php, khng tic thn mng. 6. u. Thy cac chng sanh b kinh s kh no, lm s cu h, cho s v

7. Pht khi tinh tn tu hnh cu cc kinh php thm thm thuc v phng ng i tha v b tt tng. 8. c cc php ny ri th phi th tr, c tng, ng nh php m thc hnh, ng nh php m an tr.

9. an tr ni php (phng ng i tha v b tt tng) th c th khuyn khch, hng dn cho nhiu chng sanh khin h c d vo trong php ny. 10. Vo trong php ny ri, th c th v chng sanh thuyet gii, khai th, gio ho, khuyn khch v tn thng cho h, ri c ng nhp. B tt thnh tu c 10 php nh vy ri, th i vi o V thng b trn khng thi tht. B tt cn phi tu hnh theo gio ngha ca kinh ny. Gio ngha ca kinh in (phng ng i tha v b tt tng) nh vy khng th ngh bn, ngha l n c th sanh khi tt c chng t i t bi. Kinh ny c kh nng khai ng, dn dt chng sanh b tri buc th, khin cho h pht b tm. Kinh ny l chnh nhn tu hnh cho ngi hng v b . Kinh ny c kh nng thnh tu c tt c hnh v ng ca b tt. Kinh ny c ch Pht qu kh, v lai, hin ti h nim cho. Nu c thin nam t, thin n nhn no mun tinh cn tu tp V thng b th phi din ging rng ri, truyn b kinh in nh vy ni Dim ph khng cho on dt, lm cho v lng v bin chng sanh c nghe kinh ny. Nu c thin nam t, thin n nhn no c nghe kinh ny th nhng ngi u c li ch tc thi, c i tr tu t khng th ngh bn, c phc c qu bo khng th so lng. V sao c nh vy? V kinh ny c th khai ng v lng hu nhn thanh tnh, c th khin cho Pht chng ni mi khng dt, c th cu v lng kh no ca chng sanh, c th chiu ph tt c v minh si m, c th ph tr t ma[162] v cc ma nghip[163], c th lm h hoi tt c t kin ca ngoi o, c th dit tr la ln phin no, c th lm tiu mt nhn duyn sanh khi cc hnh, c th on tr su cc trng bnh ca chng sanh: l xan tham, ph gii, sn hn, gii i, lon v ngu si, c th tr nghip chng, bo chng, php chng, phin no chng, ch kin chng, v minh chng, tr chng, tp chng. Ni tm li, kinh ny c kh nng tiu dit khng st tt c c php, c kh nng lm cho tng trng mau chng tt c thin php. Nu c thin nam t, thin n nhn no nghe kinh ny ri hoan h vui thch, sanh tm hy hu, phi bit ngi ny tng cng dng v lng ch Pht, su trng thin cn. V sao ni vy? V kinh ny chnh l ch thc thi

ca ba i ch Pht, cho nn hnh gi c nghe kinh ny phi t vui mng rng may thu hoch s thin li ln. Nu c ngi bin chp, c tng kinh ny phi bit ngi c phc bo v lng v bin. V sao ni vy? V kinh ny l ch duyn khi v bin, l ni hng pht v lng i th nguyn, nhip th tt c chng sanh, trang nghim V thng i b , cho nn c phc c cng li nh vy, ngha l khng c hn lng. Nu ngi no c th gii r ngha th kinh ny, ng nh php m tu hnh, th tt c ch Pht trong a tng k kip dng v tn tr ni v phc bo ca ngi cng khng cng tn. Nu ch no c php s ging thuyt kinh ny, phi bit ni lin nn xy thp. V sao vy? V chnh php chn tht t ni xut sanh. Kinh ny tu quc , thnh p, t lc, cha miu, tnh x no, phi bit nhng ni chnh c php thn. Nu c ngi no cng dng hoa hng, k nhc, la treo, trng phan, bo ci, ngm ca, tn thn, chp tay cung knh i vi kinh ny, phi bit ngi ni tip Pht chng, hung li th tr y kinh ny. Nhng ngi o thnh tu cng c, tr tu, trang nghim (php thn), i v lai c Pht th k, quyt nh thnh tu V thng chnh ng chnh gic.

[1] ng khng: bnh ng nh h khng. [2] Bt ng tr: Tr tu ca Pht ly i b tm lm th. i b tm l bn tnh thanh tnh, v vi tch dit, nn gi l bt ng. [3] i phng ng: Theo truyn thng i tha, s d gi l kinh in phng ng v ngha ca n rng ln nh h khng, v ni v chn l chnh xc v rng ln. Phng ng cn gi l phng qung: l tt c ngn thuyt c lin h n b tt tng, l ch s y c th em li li ch v an lc cho chng sanh. Cng gi l qung ph: v kh nng ph hu mt cch rng ri cc chng ngi. Cng gi l v t: v khng c php no c th so snh bng. (i bt nit bn kinh, A t t ma tp lun) [4] Ti thng diu: Vn trng tm ca lun ny l pht b tm. B tm l cn bn ti quan trng ca b tt o nn gi l ti thng. Nh lun ny ni: B tm l ch pht sanh tt c thin php, thien nh, tr tu, nn gi l diu vy.

[5] Ma c lc gi tng: Tn gi ring cho lun tng, dch l bn mu, hnh mu. Gio l l gc, lun tng l m sinh ra gio l nn gi l bn mu. Lun tng cng cn l b m sinh ra cc hnh php (gio php tu tp) nn gi l hnh mu. [6] Trang nghim b : B (bodhi) l tri, gic, tc l s gic ng m cn bn l tu tm s. Trang nghim b ca ton b lun ny l trang nghim V thng b (A nu a la tam miu tam b = s gic ng ti thng, V thng chnh ng chnh gic). l t ng b trong b tm. [7] Ng t gii: 1. Ba la mc xoa, 2. nh cng gii, 3. V lu gii, 4. Nhip cn gii, 5. V tc gii. Xem phm Thi la ba la mt, th 5. [8] Tt cnh nhn = Thanh tnh tt cnh nhn: s nhn nhc khng kt nh tng. Xem phm Sng ba la mt, th 6. [9] Ch dy li mng: Chnh vn l th gio li h. y l li thuyt php ca Pht v b tt, theo th l trnh by cho ngi nghe r thin c, tt xu; gio l thuyt phc ngi nghe b c lm lnh, ri xu theo tt; li l ch ra s li ch ca vic thc hnh y; h l tn thng s thc hnh y cho ngi nghe vui mng. [10] V kin nh tng (nh u khng th nhn thy): Trn nh u ca Pht c g tht ni cao ln, cng gi l nhc k, l mt trong 32 tng i trng phu ca Pht. Trong tng ny c ci nh im m tt c tri v ngi khng th nhn thy c. Tr tu v kin nh tng l ni v tr tu cao tt, tc Pht tr. [11] V sanh php nhn = tu gic v sanh: V sanh l khng pht sanh phin no, c nghip. Php v sanh (= khng ni dy/ khng pht sanh) l tht tng (bn th) vn khng phi phin no, khng sanh phin no. Th nhn php v sanh y gi l V sanh php nhn. c tu gic ny l n a v Bt thi chuyn (A b bt tr) [12] Thin php bao gm 37 phm tr o ca thanh vn. Thin nh, tr tu ch cho lc vn hnh ca b tt. [13] Th gii quan Pht gio cho rng, do nghip sai bit ca loi hu tnh nn th gian chia ra 3 ci: Dc gii (Kamadhatu), Sc gii (Rupadhatu) v

V sc gii (Arupadhatu). Dc gii l ni chng sanh cn nhim nm dc lc. Sc gii l ni chng sanh ly dc nhng cn c sc tng trang nghim ca thn v cnh. V sc gii c th gi l tinh thn gii, v ni y tuyt tng thn cnh, khng c sc un, ch c th, tng, hnh, thc, 4 m m thi. Ba ci nh vy chia lm 25 hu. Hu c ngha l c nhn c qu, sanh t lin tc, khng phi gii thot. Phn Dc gii c 14 hu, chia ra lm 3: 1. Bn c th: a ngc, ng qu, sc sanh v a tu la. 2. Bn i chu: Nam thim b chu, ng thng thn chu, Ty ngu ho chu v Bc cu l chu. 3. Su tng tri (lc dc thin): T vng thin, ao li thin, Tu d ma thin, u sut thin, Ho lc thin v Tha ho t ti thin. Phn Sc gii c 7 hu: S thin, Nh thin, Tam thin, T thin, i phm thin trong S thin, V tng thin v Tnh c thin trong T thin. Phn V sc gii c 4 hu: Khng v bin x, Thc v bin x, V s hu x v Phi tng phi phi tng x. [14] Nh trng hp ngi a tng b tt pht nguyn: Chng sanh tn phng chng b . V chng sanh gii th v tn nn ngi a tng mi mi lm b tt qua li trong mi phng. [15] Do b tt pht tm .... gii hn: Theo st chnh vn, l ra phi dch l: Do chng sanh gii khng c cng tn nn b tt pht tm ngang bng chng sanh gii. (Bi v) Chng sanh gii th khng c gii hn vy. [16] Thin tri thc: Pht dy: A nan, ng ni thin tri thc l bn phn phm hnh, v l chnh thin tri thc l ton phn phm hnh. Thin tri thc l ngi m ta c th thn cn hc hi Pht php, l ngi c th h tr v hng dn ta tu hnh. [17] Phm Hnh nguyn ni: Trong cc cch cng dng, php cng dng l ti thng. Php cng dng l tu thun v lm theo li Pht dy, l ho chng sanh. Kinh Hoa nghim vit: Du trong mi nim, cng dng v lng Pht, m cha bit php chn tht, chng gi l cng dng. Kinh Thng t duy dy: Chng khi nghip ti, chng khi nghip phc, chng khi nghip v ng, gi l cng dng Pht. [18] Tu tp thin cn, cn bn l gi gn tnh gii, v tnh gii l ch yn n nht, lm ni tr n cho mi th cng c.

[19] Ch cu chnh php = nhn lnh chnh php: l cn bn ti quan trng ca s pht b tm. Nhn lnh chnh php bao gm trong tam t tnh gii: nhip lut nghi gii, nhip thin php gii v nhip chng sanh gii. [20] Nh Nh lai chnh l tm t bi rng ln i vi tt c chng sanh, y Nh lai l lng nhu ho nhn nhc, to Nh lai chnh l Nht thit php khng. An tr trong y l Nh lai s gi, hnh Nh lai s. Nh lun ni: tm thng nhu ho, gp kh hay nhn, t bi thun hu, thm tm bnh ng [21] Tin a i tha = c tin i tha: tin vo th, tng, dng ca Tm. Tm y l Pht, Tm y lm Pht. Tm y a nhng bc v i vo a v v i. [22] Cu tr tu Pht: B tt ly tr tu (Pht) lm s nghip, v khng tr tu th vnh kip lun hi v lm sao thnh tu c v thng gic, do b tt hc rng nghe nhiu, tng trng tr tu, thnh tu bin ti, gio ho tt c bng php i tha. (Kinh Bt i nhn gic) [23] Tr ca Pht c 10 lc: 1. Th x phi x tr lc, 2. Nghip tr lc, 3. Thin nh tr lc, 4. Cn tnh tr lc, 5. Nguyn dc tr lc, 6. Gii tr lc, 7. o ch x tr lc, 8. Tc mng tr lc, 9. Thin nhn tr lc, 10. Lu tn tr lc. [24] Bn c v s u ca Pht: 1. Nht th tr v u, 2. Lu tn v u, 3. Thuyt o v u, 4. Thuyt kh tn o v u. [25] Tam nim x: Cn gi l Tam nim tr: c Pht i bi, nhip ho chng sanh, thng an tr ni chnh nim, chnh tr trong ba trng hp, l: 1. Chng sinh lng mng khi c chng sanh tin Pht, 2. Chng sinh bun phin khi c chng sanh chng tin Pht, 3. Chng sinh vui mng hay bun ru khi cng mt lc c chng sanh tin v c chng sanh chng tin Pht. [26] T lu: Cn gi l T bc lu (bn dng nc xit), ch cho phin no c kh nng cun tri cc thin php, nh dng nc ln c kh nng cun tri nh ca, cy ci v.v... Bn dng nc phin no l: 1. Dc lu: tham, sn, si, mn, nghi v.v... gm c 29 hoc thuc Dc gii, 2. Hu lu: tham, mn, nghi v.v... gm c 28 hoc thuc Sc gii v V sc gii, 3. Kin lu: 36 kin chp ca ba ci, 4. V minh lu: 15 th v minh ca ba ci.

[27] Bt nn: Tm ch chng nn cho s thy Pht v nghe php, cng gi l tm ch khng rnh h m tu hnh. l: 1. a ngc, 2. Ng qu, 3. Sc sanh, 4. Lm ngi m sng i chu Bc cu l, sng qu sng, 5. Tri Trng th, sng qu lu, 6. Lm ngi m ui, ic, cm, ngng, 7. Lm ngi m th tr bin thng, thng minh l lun theo tr thc th gian, 8. Lm ngi m sinh trc hay sau Pht xut th hoc sng ni khng c Pht php. [28] Phi tng phi phi tng x nh l nh th 4 trong T khng thuc th gian thin, phm phu thin hay ngoi o thin. S d gi nh vy l v cc php thin ny cha c th a hnh gi ra ngoi tam gii, cha chng c Thnh qu, vn cn quanh qun trong vng phm phu hay th gian. [29] on ny cho thy i bi v i nguyn ca b tt l nh th no. [30] Can tu a: L a th nht ca Thp a. Tr tu y kh ro nhng cha thun thc nn gi l can tu. [31] Ng thng: Thin nhn thng, Thin nh thng, Tha tm thng, Tc mng thng v Thn tc thng. [32] Th : L ng v phng din th tc v tng i m qun st, suy lun th thy nhn cng c v php cng c. [33] Gi danh: C hai cch gii thch. 1. V danh: Cc php vn v danh, do ngi gi trao cho ci danh, do vy tt c cc danh u l h gi khng tht, khng kh hp vi tht th. Nh ngi ngho m trao cho ci danh giu sang, l gi danh. 2. V php: Cc php u do nhn duyn ho hp m thnh, khng c tht th chn tht, do vy khng th t sai bit. Da vo gi danh th c php sai bit, xa la ci danh th khng c cc php sai bit, do vy ch ra cc php l gi danh. Lu b php gi danh l ng phng din tc m ba ra tc dng ho , bi v qun st cc php tuy khng v v s c nhng bn th vn cc php, mun hnh vn trng, khng thiu mt php no. [34] nht ngha = chn tht ngha: L ni v phng din tuyt i, th ng v php u l gi c, ch khng tht c. nht ngha l ni thng ngha v tnh, v thng ngha ca cc php l v tnh, l thng ngha do nhn v ng v php v ng hin l. nht ngha cng tc l nht chn php gii vy.

[35] Php tnh chn tht nh th = chn nh. Chn nh y l vin thnh tht tnh ca cc php. [36] Chnh php tr (tr tu nhn thc c chnh php) = nh tht tu, thng tr tr. Nh tht tu l tr tu thy r bn tnh ca cc php, tc tu chng chn nh. Thng tr tr l tr tu bn hu khng b chi phi bi mi sinh thnh hay hoi dit ca hin tng gii. C ch gii thch, chnh php tr chnh l su tr (tc tr tu ca su ba la mt), c l l chnh php tr m ngi Th Thn ni n. Mt cch tng qut, nguyn c chnh php tr l c nguyn hc hi tt c Pht php, m Pht php th v tn nn th nguyn cng v tn. Th gian tnh cng chnh l Pht php, cho nn c nguyn hiu bit thu trit th gian tnh cng chnh l c nguyn vo su bin c Pht php, v quan trng l th hin s tu tp bng tr trong mi c ch hnh vi, mi mi trng, mi i tng nhng cng hng n mt cu cnh cao c l V thng b . [37] i chiu vi 3 iu i nguyn trong kinh Thng man th thy 2 nguyn u tng ng vi nguyn 5 v 6 y: Nguyn th nht l con em thin cn ca con m nguyn i no cng c chnh php tr. Nguyn th hai l con sinh ra u cng c chnh php tr, ri th con nguyn din ni cho chng sanh mt cch khng mt mi. [38] Tm v s hnh: Th hi c chn l v tng, trong lng khng c g chp trc, khng c g phn bit. [39] V s bt hnh: Tt c cc php u l Pht php (Nht thit ch php v phi Pht php), cho nn t mt thy, tai nghe, mi ngi, ming nm, thn xc, ngh v.v... b tt mi mi u tu, cho n i, ng, nm, ngi cng u l tu. Tt c mi s, mi vic, t ni tm n ngoi cnh, t t li n li tha, t mt vi trn cho n sn h i a u l php tu ca b tt. [40] Kinh T ch c ni: Nu b tt x tt c phin no th gi l b th ba la mt, i vi cc php tm khng khi th gi l tr gii ba la mt, i vi cc php khng lm thng hi gi l nhn nhc ba la mt, i vi cc php xa la s tng gi l tinh tn ba la mt, i vi cc php tm v s tr gi l thin nh ba la mt, i vi cc php tm khng h lun gi l tr tu ba la mt. Phm Nguyn th, ngoi 10 i nguyn trn, th 6 i th l th tu tp 6 php ba la mt, trong b th v nhn nhc thuc v bi, thin nh v tr tu thuc v tr, tr gii v tinh tn thuc v dng. Bi, tr, dng l ba iu

kin cn yu ca hnh gi trn bc ng i n bo s. Dng c cng nng kim sot v c sut cho bi v tr. Thnh Pht tc l hon thnh hai c bi, tr n mc vin mn tt cng. [41] Phng dt: D hiu l phng tng. Tuy nhin, phng dt khng phi ch biu hin s phng tng , bung th, m y nn hiu l khng sing nng mt cch thng xuyn v hp chnh php, tm ch li lng, hi ht mt cht i vi chnh php tu tp, l phng dt. Th nn cc thy T kheo, ng nn phng dt. Ta nh khng phng dt m t thnh chnh gic. V s iu thin u do khng phng dt m thc hin. l li ni cui cng ca ta. (Trng A Hm) [42] Kinh Di gio dy: Gic cp lm hi kh ch mt i, cn gic gic quan ho n nhiu kip ... Ch ng tm li mt ch th khng vic g khng thnh. [43] Ng ci: Nm php c th che lp (ci) tm tnh khin chng sinh thin php, chng ngi thin nh: 1. Tham dc, 2, Sn gin, 3. Thu min (nhc ng), 4. Tro hi (no ng hi hn), 5. Nghi ng. (Lun Cu X) [44] V tng i th: S b th ln em li ch cho ngi nhn th l ng nhp c php v tng: bn th siu vit. y hiu l php th, cng hiu l b th tam lun khng tch: khng phn bit k cho, ngi nhn v vt th. [45] T o: Bn th vng kin in o, c hai loi: 1. i vi sanh t: v thng, kh, v ng, bt tnh, m li chp thng, lc, ng, tnh. y l bn th vng kin in o ca hng phm phu, thuc hu vi. 2. i vi Nit bn: thng, lc, ng, tnh, m li chp v thng, v lc, v ng, v tnh. y l bn th vng kin in o ca hng Nh tha, thuc v vi. on tr tm th in o hu vi v v vi l b tt. [46] Chn : Chn l ni ci chn tht khng h vng, l vn c. Chn l i li vi tc . V d ni th gian php l tc , th xut th gian php l chn . [47] B th, khng lun b th ni ti hay ngoi ti, u v i tr lng tham xan. B th ni ti c nhin l cao vt hn ngoi ti, nhng b th ngoi ti khng phi l chuyn d. Thi tham ln ca con ngi m r rt su. V

khng nhn c l thin c nn khng bit b th v phc bo ca s b th. Khi h thy ngi n xin, lng h khng vui. Gi s bt c d m b th, th lc au tic su xa nh ct tht mnh. Li cn lm k tham ln, dn cha ti sn m i vi bn thn ca h, h cn khng hng dng, hung chi c th em cho cha m, v con, ti t, ngi lm hay k n xin (Kinh Dc s). Tt c u v ngu mui, thiu tr tu, thiu c tin m sanh ra nhng vic nh vy. Tu tp b th th trc phi ph dn tm tham m, coi nh ca ci, pht i nguyn tu b th ngoi ti, b th vi lng khim h, chn tht, cu phc ch khng phi ban n. K n l b th ni ti, em u mt tay chn, mu tht, sc lc, sinh mng ... m b th vi tm khng tic nui. Cao hn na l b th lun nhng vng tng, phin no ni ni tm. Kinh ni: Nht x nht thit x, nht b th nht thit b th. B th tt c, b th cho n mt si t chng vng, b th bng v tng i th. [48] Kinh u b tc gii, phm B th ba la mt, cng c dy 5 cch th nh trn. [49] Sim khc: quanh co, lt lo. B th vi tm ro trc n sau, mu cu danh li, b , dua nnh, quanh co. [50] Tht gic chi: Cn gi l tht b phn (gic = b , chi = phn), l by nhnh, by phng tin i n ch gic ng, gm c: 1. Trch php, 2. Tinh tn, 3. H, 4. Khinh an, 5. Nim, 6. nh, 7. X. [51] Ti th l cho ngi bng ca, nhng ca c 2 loi: 1. Ca ngoi, theo ngha en, gi l ngoi ti, 2. Ca trong, ca tht, tc thn mng sc lc, gi l ni ti. [52] B gii = tm a gii = b tt gii: B tt gii ly s thnh tu chng sanh lm tiu chun, cho nn chc nng ca gii khng ch l phng h cn mn, nh thanh vn gii, m chnh l ba t tnh gii: L gii nhip thin php, gm tm vn bn ngn php mn; l gii nhip chng sanh, t, bi, h v x, em li s an lc cho ht thy chng sanh; l gii nhip lut nghi, gm mi ba la di. (Lut Anh lc). Lun Du gi ni: B tt sau khi th lut nghi gii, tt c v i b , do thn, ming v m tch tp cc thin cn. Tc l b tt thc hin v tch tp cc thin php hng ti mc ch cu cnh l Pht tha. Lut nghi ca b tt phng h khp c 3 nghip, nhng nghip l ch, cn thn v ming l th yu. Cn c vo s vt tri ca tm (= = thc) m b tt gii cn gi l tm a gii

[53] Ly dc = ri xa s tc hi ca dc. Dc l mt c tnh ca tm. Dc c nhiu th nh: dc phng tng va l kh, va l nguyn nhn ca kh; dc tham, sn, si v ng phn; dc no ng ca tm thc vn kh trong cc cn, tr ngi cho s tu hnh; dc tc hi lm ngun gc pht sinh ti li ni mnh v cho ngi. [54] Dt sch ht lu nghip = lu tn: Phm phu qua 6 cn phng tng m r r (lu) ra phin no, nn gi phin no l lu. Cc qu ca tam tha (A la hn) l dng thnh tr dt b ht cc loi phin no ny, nn gi l lu tn (A la hn). [55] Tm thng nh = ai nim tm: Ci tm nh ngi m thng nh con. [56] Chnh nim l nh vng nim, khng cho vng nim c c hi tri ln. Chnh nim l t duy v nhip nim vo chnh php m mnh vn, t, tu. Khng c chnh nim th s vn, t, tu chnh php vn kh c, m c ri vn khng gi c v thnh c. V d nghe dy v gii, t duy v li ch ca gii v tu tr gii, nu nh khng c chnh nim th s vn, t, tu gii y kh m thnh tu. Nh vy chnh nim cng tc l gii nim (phng tin ca tam mui i tr s phng dt). Th nn cc thy hy lun lun tp trung chnh nim li ni tm tr. Mt chnh nim l mt cng c. Nu chnh nim c nng lc vng mnh, th du phi vo trong m gic ng dc cng khng b chng st hi; ta nh tng s lm trn m mc o gip lt ng th khng cn s hi g na. (Kinh Di Gio) [57] Bch t yt ma: Yt ma, ni l Tng gi yt ma, l ch s biu quyt ca chng Tng. Tng php yt ma c ba loi: n bch, bch nh v bch t. n bch th ch cn mt ln tc bch th Tng s thnh tu. Bch nh th mt ln tc bch v mt ln yt ma (biu quyt). Bch t dng trong nhng trng hp quan trng cn mt ln tuyn b v ba ln biu quyt ng thun th Tng s mi thnh tu. Trng hp truyn gii, th gii cn phi bch t. [58] Ba la mc xoa (Ptimokkha): C ngha l bit gii thot, x x gii thot, tu thun gii thot. Ba la mc xoa l bn th gii thot, c nng lc chnh , tc l gi gn ba nghip khng ri vo lm li, khng cho hu phm thiu st, chuyn ha ci c ca ba nghip m thnh tu ba nghip gii thot. c Pht thit lp mt cng ng ca nhng ngi xut gia v th c tc, l gio hi Thanh vn tng, sng t ch ng bng s ch ng ca

gii bn Ba la mc xoa, tc nhng iu khon gii lut phi chp hnh cho mc ch thnh tu gii thot. Gi l Bit gii thot v cc phin no c on tr trong cc giai on kin o v tu o c x ly tng ci mt. (Cn bn lut nhip) [59] Cn bn nh: Cn bn thin, gi tt l cn bn, dng i li vi Cn phn nh, tc l gii nh la b phin no tng tri di m c c S thin cho ti Phi tng phi phi tng nh. Hnh gi thn vn cn ni Dc gii, lc cha sanh v Sc gii hay V sc gii, bng s tu hnh ca mnh, hon ton on tr phn h a ca tu hoc, s c thng a nh, th gi l cn bn nh. [60] Chnh vn l t v o thin, y phi l t cn phn nh ca t thin: T thin, mi a u c cn bn nh v cn phn nh. Th d, thin nh pht ra do on tu hoc Dc gii l cn bn nh ca S thin. Thin nh pht ra gn ging vi cn bn nh ca S thin do iu phc c phin no Dc gii, l cn phn nh ca S thin. [61] nh cng gii: Ly nh (samdhi) lm gii, ngha l do tu tp thin nh m thn tm thanh tnh, on tr c cc lu hoc, gii th c tc, gii thot do nh sinh. [62] V o cn bn nh ca s thin: Trong bn cn bn nh v bn cn phn ca t thin nh vy cn phn nh ca S thin c im khc vi cc cn phn nh khc, nn t ra tn gi khc l V ch nh (v o nh), ngha l V ch cn bn nh (cha t ti cn bn nh). [63] V lu gii = o cng gii: Ngha l khi Thnh gi chng nhp nh v lu (t thin) Sc gii t thn cng pht ra v lu tr v thnh tu gii th phng phi ch c (nga li dt c), gi l v lu lut nghi. V lu lut nghi ny v v lu o cng sanh cng dit, nn gi l o cng gii. Gii ny thuc v biu nghip. Theo Thuyt nht thit hu b, ly v biu nghip lm tht sc, v vy Thnh gi sanh ni V sc gii tuy c kh nng thnh tu gii ny nhng hn nhin khng hin khi c. Theo Duy thc gia th ly tt c v biu nghip lm phi tht sc. Trong tt c v biu nghip, nhng g thuc v v lu o ca Sc gii v V sc gii th cng chuyn, v cng c cng nng on tr s phm gii, nn gi l v lu lut nghi. y, ngi Th Thn cho v lu gii ch c t thin thuc Sc gii.

[64] Kin, vn, gic, tri (thy, nghe, hay, bit) = ci bit ca 6 thc: kin l nhn, vn l nh, gic l 3 th t, thit v thn, tri l . Ba thc nhn, nh v c khai ra 3 l v gip rt nhiu cho b phn, li bit c th v xut th. Ba thc cn li, t, thit v thn khng bng 3 thc trn nn hp lm mt. [65] Nhip cn gii: Cn phng tng th va l kh, va l nguyn nhn ca kh. i tr ci kh y bng phng tin ca tam mui, tc s nhip nim (chnh nim) do gi gii thanh tnh m c. [66] V tc gii: Th ca gii c hai loi: 1. Tc gii, 2. V tc gii. Tc gii l khi th gii, ba nghip thn, khu, tc ng ng nh php, th lc ci th ca ba nghip biu hin c th thy, c th nghe c. Cn v tc gii l th ca ba nghip khng biu hin, ch da vo nhn duyn lc tc gii m pht sinh trong thn, nn khng thy, khng nghe. Nghip th , lc mi pht, tuy do s tc ng ca thn, khu, , nhng mt khi pht sinh ri th thng hng ni tip m khng cn da vo s to tc ca ba nghip na, cho nn gi l v tc. [67] Thin chi: Chi l chi phn, b phn. T thin nh c 18 chi: S thin c 5 chi l gic, qun, h, lc v nht tm; nh thin c 4 chi l ni tnh, h, lc v nht tm; tam thin c 5 chi l x, nim, tu (tr), lc v nht tm; t thin c 4 chi l bt kh bt lc, x, nim v nht tm. [68] Thin cn y l t tu v tu tu. [69] Ng mn: Chp ng v ng s lm cho tm l ct cao ln. [70] Kiu mn: Xc lo ngo ngc, khng coi ai r a g. [71] Tng thng mn: Cha chng Thnh o m m bo chng. [72] Mn mn = mn qu mn: Vi ngi hn mnh, mnh bo mnh hn hn. [73] i mn: T ho, t th, thm ch t xng mnh l V thng s. [74] D thn i chi: y l hnh chu thay. Chu thay l thay ngi chu kh, hay chu thay kh no cho chng sanh. Chu thay l gii th 3, li ch

chng sanh, trong ba t tnh gii. Chu thay nh vy l b tt hnh, l i bi i nguyn ca b tt. [75] Khng, v tng, v nguyn l ba cnh ca gii thot dn vo nit bn, nn gi l Tam gii thot mn: 1. Khng mn: Qun tt c php u khng c t tnh, do nhn duyn ho hp m sinh khi. Nu thng t nh vy th i vi cc php c t ti. 2. V tng mn: bit tt c cc php khng, th qun thy cc tng nam, n, ng nht, d bit v.v... tht bt kh c. Thng t ch php v tng th la sai bit m c t ti. 3. V nguyn mn: Nu bit tt c php v tng, th i vi ba ci khng c ch nguyn cu. Do khng mong cu nn khng to tc nghip sanh t. Nu khng to tc nghip sanh t th cng khng c ci kh ca qu bo nn c t ti. V tc mn cng l v nguyn mn, nhng nhn mnh khng to tc nghip sanh t. [76] Kin, gic, nguyn, tc: Ch nhng tm l ca phm phu. Kin l suy ngh, tm ti hiu r m chn la, khng nh s l, bao gm ngha chnh ng hay khng chnh ng. Gic l ni v mt nhn thc, khi cn tip xc vi cnh a n nhn thc phn bit, nh kinh thng ni tm l kin, vn, gic, tri. (nhn thc, nh thc, t-thit-thn thc, thc), v chnh s thy, nghe, hay, bit ny m dn n ngn t h lun cho l su xa, hay ho v hu ch. Nguyn l lng ham mun, kht khao, tm cu, dc vng di nhiu hnh thc, tm lc th nay ch ny mai ch khc, ngha l khao kht i vi khoi lc gic quan (dc i), khao kht hin hu v tr thnh (hu i) v khao kht s khng hin hu (dit i). Chnh nguyn hay lng i m pht sinh mi hnh thi kh au v sanh t. Ch v ch mun sng, tn ti, ti sanh, tr thnh, tng trng, tch t m a n s tc , t nim, to tc nghip sanh t qua thn, khu, , y gi l tc. [77] Thanh tnh tt cnh nhn: L s nhn nhc rt ro trong sch, l nhn nhc v nh tng: khng hin hnh sanh t cng khng hin hnh nit bn. [78] Tn kt = ht phin no. Kt ngha l kt tp, tri buc, tn khc ca phin no. V cc nhn duyn phin no kt tp sanh t, cho nn gi l kt. Tri buc khng cho chng sanh gii thot, cho nn gi l kt. [79] V sanh nhn: Cng gi l V sanh php nhn, tc chng c Pht tnh l l tnh bt sanh bt dit hay l th tht tng l chn nh bt ng. i tht tng v sanh dit ca cc php m tin chu thng sut, khng

ngn ngi, khng thi lui, gi l V sanh nhn. (i tr lun). T S a n Bt a b tt mi vo c V sanh nhn. [80] Phn hnh: L hnh ca Phn thin, c 2 ngha m rng: hnh on dm dc gi l phn hnh, hnh t nit bn gi l phn hnh. Php s ca phn hnh ngha u tin l t bi h x. [81] Chuyn thng thanh tnh diu qu: L chuyn b phin no chng v s tri chng m chuyn c i b v i nit bn. Theo Duy thc l c qu Chuyn y. c chuyn y ri th i tng khng cn in o; i tng y chnh l thc th tm v lu, gi l chn nh xut trin (ra khi s tri buc). [82] Cc a = thp a: Cc h a, Ly cu a, Pht quang a, Dim tu a, Nan thng a, Hin tin a, Vin hnh a, Bt ng a, Thin tu a, Php vn a. [83] L xut th gian Pht bo: ch cho c Pht Thch Ca, Pht A Di , ch Pht trong 10 phng 3 i. [84] L xut th gian Php bo: ch cho chnh php ca Pht, c cng nng lm cho chng sanh gii thot s rng buc ca th gian, nh php T , Thp nh nhn duyn, Lc ... [85] L xut th gian Tng bo: ch cho cc v thnh tng thot ra ngoi s rng buc ca th gian nh cc ngi Ca dip, A nan .... Phm tng th ly nhim, ngha l sng trong cnh ng no cng khng nhim cnh ng , l thanh bch gi o, phn hnh cao xa, ba lng t bi ra khp tt c. [86] Chnh nh t: Thnh gi t a v kin o tr v sau, on tr kin hoc, nht nh vo trch dit (nit bn), gi l chnh tnh hay chnh tnh nh t. Ni gin d, chnh nh t l nhm ngi bc ti a v thnh gi, khc vi t nh t l nhm phm phu. Nim chnh nh t l mun t phm phu m vn ln a v thnh gi, l mun c nh trong s pht tm. [87] T nh t: Nu nhm ngi i theo chnh php gi l chnh nh t, th nhm i theo t thuyt gi l t nh t v nhm cha theo bn no gi l bt nh t. Nim t nh t l ngh nh n nhm t nh t l nhng ngi cha pht tm, cha vo dng ging ca Pht, cha hun tp chn nh, mun gip h quay v vi bn th chn nh.

[88] c thi: nhng iu kin, c hi d pht sanh iu c, v nhng iu kin, c hi cn tr s pht sanh iu thin. [89] B th, tr gii, nhn nhc thuc v gii hc tng thng; thin nh thuc v tm hc tng thng; tr tu thuc v tu hc tng thng. Tinh tn bao gm gii, tm v tu hc. [90] Nht thit tr: tu gic bit ton th, bit v bn th. Tu gic thanh vn c phn tng t tu gic ny. [91] Dc tm = b tm: Dc tm s y thuc thin tnh. l s ham thch, mong cu b , lm ng lc cho mi iu thin pht sanh. C th ni y l cng vic pht i tm, lp i nguyn ca s pht b tm. [92] Buc s nh ngh ca mnh ni hin cnh: Chnh vn l h nim ti tin. Buc nim l i tr ci tm duyn cnh qu hin v lai v ci tm ch duyn hin cnh. ni hin cnh l ch cho giy pht hin ti, by gi v y, thn u tm . Buc s nh ngh ni hin cnh l c nng lc quyt trch cc php mt cch ng l, nhp vo duy thc. [93] An ban s tc: S tc qun, mt trong Ng nh tm qun, l php qun m hi th ra vo nh ch nhng suy ngh tn lon ca tm tng. [94] c gic qun: T tng, ci nhn c, nh dc, sn, hi v.v... lm tr ngi vic tu tp thin nh. [95] Bt gii thot: Tm gii thot, gm: 1. Ni hu sc tng qun ngoi sc gii thot, 2. Ni v sc tng qun ngoi sc gii thot, 3. Tnh gii thot thn tc chng c tc tr, 4. Khng v bin x gii thot, 5. Thc v bin x gii thot, 6. V s hu x gii thot, 7. Phi tng phi phi tng x gii thot, 8. Dit th tng nh thn tc chng c tr. [96] Th lng nghim tam mui: Php thin nh, qun tng rt ro v kin c tn l Th lng nghim. Phng php ny cn c theo kinh Th lng nghim, theo nhn chn rng cc php u t thc th l Nh Lai tng tm m tu duyn bin hin, nh huyn nh ho. Nh sc ca Th lng nghim tam mui m b tt c bn c thng, lc, ng, tnh ca ch Pht.

[97] Kim cang tam mui: V nh kim cng, khng vt no l khng b n ph v; tam mui ny cng vy, khng php no l khng thng t. Kim cang tam mui c nhng nng lc rt ln nh: ph tan tt c cc php v thy cc php l v thng, duyn sinh, v tng; dit ht cc phin no, on th, thu phc c tt c php; bin hin v lng thn hnh khp ci nc mi phng; thuyt php v lng v ngi. [98] Kinh Php hoa, phm Ho thnh d, th 7. [99] Bch ct qun: Mt php qun tng trong Bt tnh qun, bao gm 9 iu qun tng nn cn gi l Cu tng qun, l: 1. Thy snh trng, 2. Thy hu hoi, 3. Mu m chy ra, 4. Thy rc r, 5. Thy xanh chm, 6. Thy b gii rc ra, 7. Thy tan r, 8. Thy cn li ng xng, 9. Thy b t tiu. Php qun tng ny gip hnh gi khi m tng nhng th ng dc cho l p v tt, cng nh gic ng bit r thn ngi l bt tnh m tr b tp kh tham dc. [100] Ly dc l t b ci nhn ca tham, ly bt thin php l t b ci nhn ca si. Ly dc l thanh tnh thn nghip, ly bt thin php l thanh tnh nghip. [101] C gic c qun = c tm c t. Tm (vitkka) c ngha l nh mnh vo, c c tnh l hng tm, tm trn i tng. T (vicra) l t duy c a ln cao , c c tnh lin tc nhn mnh vo i tng, dn cht vo i tng. S thin xy n cng mt lc vi tm v t nn gi l c gic c qun, nh ni mt cy c hoa v tri. [102] Ly sanh h lc: Bng tm l nhm chn ci trc ca ci Dc v mong cu xut ly (Ly), sau bng thin nh m xa la c ci trc ca ci Dc, nn sanh tm vui mng (Sanh h lc). Hon ton ly dc, ly bt thin php, v y chng v tr s thin, c tm c t, vi h lc do ly dc sanh. [103] Khng gic khng qun = Khng tm khng t: Khi xut s thin, tm v t i vi hnh gi by gi thnh th, trong khi h lc v nht tm c v an tnh. Lm cho tnh ch tm v t, hnh gi chng v tr nh thin, ni tnh nht tm, khng tm khng t, vi h v lc do nh sanh [104] nh sanh h lc: Ci vui mng s thin lm tm chao ng, cn phi dt tr. Mc d s thin cng c nh tng ng nhng ch c nh

thin mi ng gi l nh v n tuyt i vng mt s giao ng ca tm t, bi vy nh thin c gi l do nh sanh. Nh thin t b c hai php tm v t, v c ba php l h, lc v nht tm. Lm cho tnh ch tm v t, hnh gi chng v tr nh thin, ni tnh nht tm, khng tm, khng t, vi h v lc do nh sanh. [105] Hnh x = tr x (upekkha), c ngha l ngm nhn s vt khi chng xy ra, s vt xy ra nh th no th nhn n nh th y, tc l nhn mt cch thn nhin, khng thm khng bt thnh kin. [106] Tm nim an ni tu = chnh nim tnh gic. Chnh nim (tm nim) thuc v nh, tnh gic thuc v tu. Chnh nim l nh li, khng qun, gn gi. Tnh gic l khng ri lon, tra tm, thm d. Mc d chnh nim tnh gic vn hin hu hai thin u, nhng tng i cn th nn tm d phiu lu. Chnh nim tnh gic c ni n thin th ba v nhng php th c t b, v tnh cch vi t ca tam thin i hi tm phi lun lun chnh nim tnh gic, nh ngi i trn li dao co. [107] tam thin Ly h diu lc th tm t phi c tnh ch. Mt khi t b tm t th cng ri rng tm h nh thin. Ly h, tr x c ci lc th thng vi diu. Ly h, tr x, chnh nim tnh gic, thn cm lc th, hnh gi chng v tr tam thin, mt trng thi m cc bc thnh tuyn b: ngi no c x v chnh nim, ngi tr trong an lc. [108] on kh on lc: L t b lc v kh ca thn. [109] S dit tr t trc ca u h: L t b vui v kh ca tm. T trc l khng phi giai on t thin mi xy ra. [110] Bt kh bt lc: Khng kh v vng mt thn kh, khng lc v vng mt thn lc, ngha l c mt cm th th ba tri ngc vi kh v lc, cn gi l x. Bn cht ca x l trung tnh, rt vi t, kh nm bt. X l iu kin a ti tm gii thot. [111] C s thanh tnh ca nim nh x: Chnh vn l hnh x nim tnh, ngha l nim trong thin ny l hon ton thanh tnh, v s thanh tnh ca n c c l nh x. T thin X nim thanh tnh l: Vi s t b lc kh, vi s bin mt t trc ca h v u, v y chng v tr t thin, khng kh khng lc, c s thanh tnh ca nim nh x.

[112] Hu i tng: i c ngha l ngi. C chng ngi th gi l hu i. Tng c tnh ngn ngi y l: 1. Cnh gii hu i: 6 cn, 6 thc v cc tm s tng ng b 5 cnh v mt phn ca php cnh cu thc, do th cnh nn chng c t ti, 2. S duyn hu i: b 6 thc v mt phn php cnh cu thc, do tc dng duyn l nn khng c t ti. [113] H khng v sc nh x = Khng v bin x nh. [114] V sc thc nh x = Thc v bin x nh. [115] Khng c s hu: khng cn thy c tm thc, nng s, nhn ng, nhng vn cn tng. M cn tng th cn vng ng. [116] V s hu v sc nh x = V s hu x nh. [117] V sc phi hu tng phi v tng = Phi tng phi phi tng x nh. [118] Tu thun php hnh = tu php hnh: Nng theo gip php m tu hnh. Ch cho hng thnh gi Thanh vn tha kin o, l hng li cn, i vi hng n cn l tu tn hnh (tin theo li dy bo ca ngi khc m tu hnh). Bc tu php hnh l ngi t mnh kho quyt trch t duy v gio php, nh l tu hnh. [119] a m l ch tin nhng khi nim do nhn thc thc lon. Gio l ch nh mt chic b, ct dng qua sng ch khng phi m m gi ly. (Trung b kinh). Gio php y ch cho s chng t tm linh cao c, nhng tng v quan nim thanh khit. S a m vo nhng iu cao qu ny cng phi c x b, hung chi nhng g l phi php th cng nn x b. [120] Thng minh thin: Cc thnh gi A la hn khi tu tp nh theo th t t thin nh, t v sc nh, dit tn nh u phi qun 3 thin php l hi th, sc php v tm php. Sau phi tu tp thng minh qun thin, ngha l khi tu thin nh ny th hn nhin qun thng hi th, sc php v tm php, trong c c ci thy thu trit khng chng ngi. Tu tp nh ny c kh nng chng c tam minh, lc thng, nn gi l thng minh. C th dch l: thnh tu tam minh, lc thng, cc tam mui, thin na ba la mt.

[121] Thng nghip: Sc thn thng ca nghip bo, cn gi l bo thng. C c thng nghip l do nhng phc thin v cng c tu hnh trong nhiu i trc. Cc thng nghip l ch cho ng thng. [122] Tm hnh: Tm l tm thc m tng giy, tng nim lun lun di i, l k gy ra iu thin, iu c, gi l tm hnh. [123] Php tnh = khng tnh [124] c tm = vng tm. Thin nh l cch thc chuyn vng v chn. [125] Phin no chng v tr tu chng: Phin no chng l nhng tm l xu c, lm chng ngi cho gii thot nit bn. Tr tu chng cng gi l tr chng, s tri chng. S tri l cc php, i vi cc php y m khng bit c hay bit sai l v ngu si, nn gi ngu si l s tri chng. Li bit cha hon ton m t mn cho l , th chnh s t mn y cng chng ngi cho s ton gic, nn cng gi l tr chng. Tr y l l tr bit cha hon ton. Tr tu chng nh vy l chng ngi cho tu gic b . [126] Tt b nh tr = nht thit tr: tu gic bit ton th, bit v bn th. [127] Thin dc: Dc tm s c 3 tnh: thin, c v v k. Dc ham thch mong cu ng dc l c tnh. Dc ham thch mong cu b v lm ng lc cho mi iu thin l thin tnh. [128] T phn hnh = t v lng tm: t, bi, h v x. Bn tm ny l nghip hnh sanh v ci Phn thin. [129] Chnh tr: 1. L cn bn tr, thng t chn nh, 2. L hu c tr, phn bit tt c tng sai bit. [130] Qun bt tnh: L qun st mt cch t m, cng tt thn con ngi, nhn thy r rng n l khng trong sch. Bt tnh c 5 th: chng t, tr x, t tng, t th v chung cnh. [131] Mi su thnh tm: 16 hnh tng qun st t vo a v kin o, sau khi on c kin hoc. l s kt hp ca 8 php nhn v lu v 8 php tr v lu: 1. Kh php nhn, 2. Kh php tr, 3. Kh loi nhn, 4. Kh loi tr, 5. Tp php nhn, 6. Tp php tr, 7. Tp loi nhn, 8. Tp

loi tr, 9. Dit php nhn, 10. Dit php tr, 11. Dit loi nhn, 12. Dit loi tr, 13. o php nhn, 14. o php tr, 15. o loi nhn, 16. o loi tr. [132] Minh tu: Tam minh: thin nhn minh, thin nh minh, lu tn minh, v tam tu: vn tu, t tu, tu tu. [133] nh tu cn bn: Cn bn nh l 8 cn bn nh t s thin n phi tng phi phi tng x nh. Cn bn tu l bn gic, l tu gic vn c, l tm th tch ri phn bit, chnh l php tnh ng nht, ng ng khng gian, ph bin ton th, l php thn bnh ng m cc c Nh lai chng ng. [134] V tch ri nh bin nn khng c th, khng c x. Nh bin l thy trong, thy ngoi, thy hai bn. [135] Theo ngi Th Thn, ng l khi nim t ng, chng sanh l khi nim sinh th (hay khi nim lin tc), th gi (th mng) l khi nim i sng (hay khi nim tn ti), nhn l khi nim ti sanh. [136] Chnh vn l khng ng tam mui, tc chng khng tam mui: khng tam mui, v tng tam mui, v nguyn tam mui. [137] Chng tu thin sanh: L kho xut nhp m khng m trc vo s h lc ca thin nh. [138] Quyt nh: L nht nh bt bin, l tm mnh khng ng, khng thi lui. Tu tp tr tu th c v cng dng quyt nh. [139] H lun: Ngha en l bn ci chi a n tho lun v ch. y ch cho nhng g thuc phm vi t duy (t) m t (ngh), ni cch khc nhng g thuc tm hnh x v ngn ng o, u l h lun. Vy khng h lun l bt t ngh, l ngn ng o on, tm hnh x dit. Kinh Di gio dy: Hy t b tc khc s h lun ri lon tm tr. Cc thy mun thc hin ci vui tch dit, th ch c cch cp tc dit tr ci hon h lun. [140] Ri tt c tng c-khng v.v... gi l tht tng, v tt c tng: ckhng v.v... u l h di c.

[141] V s hnh: Nhm vn tu hnh, khng phi tc v dng cng, v php tnh khng th th c. [142] Phong hn nhit huyt: Tp hp ca t i t nc la gi. [143] Nht tng: Ch cho chn nh bnh ng v sai bit, ngha l siu vit phn bit v i tng phn bit. Thin thai tng gii thch l nht tha v nh, ng nht gii thot. Kinh Php hoa, phm Dc tho d c ghi: c Nh lai ni php mt tng mt v, ngha l: tng gii thot, tng xa la, tng dit, rt ro n nht thit chng tr (Nh lai thuyt php, nht tng nht v, s v gii thot tng, ly tng, dit tng, cu cnh ch nht thit chng tr). [144] V tng: Kinh i bo tch ghi: Bn tnh tt c cc php vn khng. T tnh tt c cc php l v tnh. Nu l khng, v tnh, th cc php l nht tng, cng c ngha l v tng. Do v v tng nn cc php vn thanh tnh. Nu l khng, v tnh, th cc php khng th dng tng biu th. y gi l tt c cc php v t tnh, bn tnh l khng, v hnh tng c th th c, nn gi l v tng. [145] Ch cho cc thc th 8, th 7 v th 6. [146] Tc gi: ch th to tc. [147] Mng gi = th gi: ch th s dng. [148] V tnh = v t tnh: Tc ni 3 v tnh: tng v tnh, sanh v tnh v thng ngha v tnh. Tng v tnh l bin k chp tnh ca cc php, tnh y do gi danh thit lp. Sanh v tnh l y tha khi tnh ca cc php, v do ci khc lm duyn t ch khng phi t nhin c. Thng ngha v tnh l vin thnh tht tnh, v cc php duyn sanh, v cc php v ng m gi l v tnh. Cn c 3 v tnh ny m c Pht mt ni cc php ton khng. [149] Khng: L khng phi hai tng v tiu dit. Khng nh vy l ph nhn ci khng hon ton khng, ci khng bit lp vi ci c v ci khng v ci c tiu dit. Theo ngha thng thng, khng c hiu l ng khng v php khng, ngha l c bn ng ln v tr u khng.

[150] V s hu = v s c: H c hai tng l hu s c, khng hai tng l v s c. V s c hay bt kh c l t ng biu l mt thc ti ton din siu tuyt mi hai tng, siu tuyt c nim khng nh v nim ph nh, v thc ti vn l nh th. [151] V tng: L trong php tnh, qun cc php khng th th c. [152] Ly tng: L ri xa cc tng vn l cc tng h lun, nhng khi nim nh bin. [153] V nim = chn nh: Siu vit khi nim, phn bit, l ngn ng o on, tm hnh x dit. [154] Ly nim: L ri xa cc tng, khi nim v ng, nhn, chng sanh, th gi. [155] Ban u ly 1 lp khng, khng ni cc tng, nn gi rng v tng. K ly 2 lp khng, khng ni v tng, nn gi rng v nim. Sau cng, ly 3 lp khng, khng ni v nim, nn gi rng ci khng siu tuyt hay tuyt i khng, tt cnh khng. [156] Mi hai b kinh: Th vn v s l trong tt c cc kinh chia ra 12 loi (b = b phn, hay chi = thnh phn), m c b hay cun kinh c 12 loi, c b hay cun ch l 1 loi cho n 11 loi. l: 1. Tu a la (Sutra = kh kinh, v kh hp chn l v tm l) l th vn trng hng trong cc kinh, ni thng php ngha, 2. K d (Geya = ng tng hay trng tng) l th vn chnh c ng vi vn trng hng m lp li php ngha trc, 3. Gi (Gatha = phng tng hay c khi) l th vn chnh c khng theo trng hng m t ni php ngha, 4. Ni na (Nidana = nhn duyn) l thut li l do thy Pht nghe php, l do v a im Pht thuyt php gio ho, 5. Y mc a (Itivutaka = bn s) l Pht thut li nhn duyn qu kh ca t, 6. X a gi (Jataka = bn sanh) l Pht ni v nhn duyn qu kh ca ngi, 7. A ph t ma (Adbhutadharma = v tng hu) l ghi li nhng vic bt t ngh ca thn lc Pht th hin, 8. A ba na (Avadana = th d) l ni nhng v d, 9. u b x (Upadesa = lun ngha) l vn p tho lun v php ngha, 10. u na (Udana = t thuyt) l Pht t ni ch khng ai hi c, 11. T pht lc (Vaipulya = phng qung) ni v chn l chnh xc v rng ln, 12. Ho gi la (Vyakarana = th k) th k

thnh Pht cho b tt. Tu trung, 3 loi u l chia theo th vn, 9 loi sau l chia theo s l ca th vn y. [157] T s cng dng: l n, mc, nm v dc phm. [158] V c: v s c, l khng tm thy c thc c [159] Ti thng php nhn = tu gic ti thng: S th nhn php ti thng. Nhn l nhn chu, chp nhn, th nhn. Nhn l nhn ca tr, c ch cho nhn tc l tr. Php ti thng l tht tng (= bn th ca cc php) hay php tnh thanh tnh, nh tht thng tr. Th nhn php ti thng y gi l tu gic ti thng. c tu gic ny l c n v tr V thng chnh ng chnh gic. [160] Ph tng: L ph yt ma tng v php lun tng. Ph yt ma tng l d ch c 4 v t kheo m mt ngi khng ng chng ho hp hay tp hp, th Tng gi yt ma bt thnh, mi tng s, k c s thuyt gii, u khng th c hnh. Ph php lun tng l d ch c 9 v t kheo m 1 t kheo ng ra chia r, ko theo mnh 4 t kheo ( s t kheo lm yt ma) ri t xng ra gio php v lp gio on ring, nh trng hp ph tng ca b t a vo thi Pht. Ph tng nh vy l ph hoi o php. Theo tn gi Th Thn, loi ti nng nht l nm ti v gin, m trong ti ph tng, nht l ph php lun tng, l ti nng nht, v thng tn php thn ca Pht. Ph tng nh vy, bn th l cung ng. K ph tng l t kheo, khng phi ti gia hay t kheo ni m lm c; l k tnh hnh ch khng phi ngi phm gii, bi v phm gii th ni khng uy tn. (Cu x lun) [161] Hai b chng: L Thng to b v i chng b. Sau khi c Th tn nhp nit bn hn mt trm nm th i tng ca Pht gio bt u phn ho ra lm 2 b, l i chng b v Thng to b. S th c ra s phn ho 2 b, cn bn l do ngi Ca Dip, nhng gy ra tranh bin v phn ho hc thuyt chnh l s h gi qu v La hn ca 5 s i Thin. l 5 nhc im ca qu v La hn: 1. Vn cn xut tinh nhng khng c tng dm dc, 2. Vn cn s khng bit v hi, 3. Vn cn s nghi hoc v hi, 4. Vn c v nh ngi khc gip cho m bit vo o, 5. C v ng o nh m thanh thuyt php. Qua cho thy La hn cha phi Pht qu, Pht qu mi ton ho. T i chng b phn ho ra 7 b khc, t Thng to b phn ho ra 11 b na, tng cng c 20 b phi. Mi tm b ngn, vi hai b gc, tt c ton l xut t i tha, khng c g phi, khng c g tri. (Kinh Vn Th Vn)

[162] T ma: 1. Phin no ma: tham, sn, si ... no hi thn tm, 2. Ng m ma: Sc, th, tng, hnh, thc l ma no hi thn tm, 3. T ma: Ma cht hay cp mng sng, 4. Thin ma: Ma trn ci tri Tha ho t ti hay ph hoi thin php, no hi ngi tu thin. [163] Kinh Hoa Nghim: Qun mt tm b m tu hnh cc thin php, th gi l hnh ng theo ma vng. ---o0o--Ht